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Doyle, Rebecca Louise. "Childhood abuse and adverse experience in adolescents who harm others." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14429/.
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This thesis explores the effects of adverse childhood experience, including childhood abuse and neglect, on adolescents. More specifically, it explores these effects in relation to offending behaviour. A literature review considered research investigating differences between sexual and non-sexual offenders. More consistent differences were identified for adolescents who sexually offend against children, as opposed to those who offend against peers / adults, when compared to other groups of offenders. Studies in this area are, however, subject to methodological limitations. Following this, an empirical research project investigates the prevalence and characteristics of adverse childhood experience in a sample of mixed sex adolescents detained in a medium secure specialist psychiatric hospital, alongside psychopathological traits. Male sexual offenders differed from violent offenders on a number of variables, including experiences of sexual abuse and a diagnosis of a Learning Disability (LD). Then, a single case study is highlighted which investigates and demonstrates the influence of adverse childhood experience and cognitive impairment on vulnerabilities and offending behaviour in an adolescent male detained in the aforementioned secure psychiatric hospital. The effectiveness of the intervention, designed to address this individual’s difficulties with emotional recognition and regulation, is demonstrated by changes in psychometric assessments scores and via clinical observation of behaviour. Finally, a critique is presented of the Coping Responses Inventory – Youth Form (CRI-Y) (Moos, 1993). This is a psychometric measure designed to measure styles of coping in adolescents. It is critically evaluated to demonstrate its psychometric properties, and its validity for clinical settings. This thesis emphasises the importance of considering developmental experience in the onset of offending behaviour, and the importance of engineering more comprehensive, systemic, and targeted early intervention programmes for individuals deemed at risk of committing particular offences or becoming delinquent in adolescence.
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Mossman, Dominique. "The relationship between challenging behaviour and the behaviour of others : a consideration of the role of emotion." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340308.
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Hall, Sharon Clare. "Exploring implications and benefits of holistic working with young people who have sexually harmed others." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4977.
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Over the past twenty years there has been growing recognition that young people who have sexually harmed should not simply be treated as younger versions of adult sex offenders. Changes in terminology and recommended treatment reflect the fact that these young people are still developing and have a range of strengths and needs including harmful sexual behaviour. In acknowledging the harm caused by sexual abuse to victims it is also important to see that many young perpetrators have also been victims of abuse, domestic violence and sexual exploitation. Practitioners and Government reports have asserted that work with these young people should be holistic, but this word ‘holistic’ is used with a range of meanings and emphases. This study identifies broadly accepted meanings of working holistically with young people who have sexually harmed and presents associated benefits, challenges and implications for practice. The study used a mixed methods approach, utilising an initial breadth survey of practitioners across England and Wales before focusing in on a depth study based in one city Youth Offending Team. Key themes from the breadth survey were tested during the fieldwork placement with observations and interviews with professionals within the team and external therapists, social workers and residential staff. Additional interviews included contributions from volunteer panel members, young people and a parent. Grounded theory analysis led to the identification of four main themes of holistic work: seeing the whole young person; working with wider family and peers; working in a multiagency way and using a range of creative methods. Findings are discussed in relation to ‘what works’ and ‘evidence based practice’. Each of these areas contributes benefits and challenges to the work and leads to implications for practice. The study concludes with recommendations for practitioners and policy-makers to make work more holistic and effective.
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Bülow, William. "Unfit to live among others : Essays on the ethics of imprisonment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199567.
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This thesis provides an ethical analysis of imprisonment as a mode of punishment. Consisting in an introduction and four papers the thesis addresses several important questions concerning imprisonment from a number of different perspectives and theoretical starting points. One overall conclusion of this thesis is that imprisonment, as a mode of punishment, deserves more attention from moral and legal philosophers. It is also concluded that a more complete ethical assessment of prison conditions and prison management requires a broader focus. It must include an explicit discussion of both how imprisonment directly affects prison inmates and its negative side-effects on third parties. Another conclusion is that ethical discussions on prison conditions should not be too easily reduced to a question about how harsh or lenient is should be. Paper 1 argues that prisoners have a right to privacy. It is argued that respect for inmates’ privacy is related to respect for them as moral agents. Consequently, respect for inmates’ privacy is called for by different established philosophical theories about the justification of legal punishment. Practical implications of this argument are discussed and it is argued that invasion of privacy should be minimized to the greatest extent possible, without compromising other important values or the rights to safety and security. It is also proposed that respect for privacy should be part of the objective of creating and upholding a secure environment. Paper 2 discusses whether the collateral harm of imprisonment to the children and other close family members of prison inmates may give rise to special moral obligations towards them. Several collateral harms, including decreased psychological wellbeing, financial costs, loss of economic opportunities, and intrusion and control over their private lives, are identified. Two perspectives in moral philosophy, consequentialism and deontology, are then applied in order to assess whether these harms are permissible. It is argued that from either perspective it is hard to defend the claim that allowing for these harms are morally permissible. Consequently, imprisonment should be used only as a last resort. Where it is deemed necessary, it gives rise to special moral obligations. Using the notion of residual obligation, these obligations are then categorized and clarified. Paper 3 focuses on an argument that has figured in the philosophical debate on felon disenfranchisement. This argument states that as a matter of democratic self-determination, a legitimate democratic collective has the collective right to decide whether to disenfranchise felons as a way of defining their political identity. Yet, such a collective’s right to self-determination is limited, since the choice to disenfranchise anyone must be connected to normative considerations of political significance. This paper defends this argument against three charges that has been raised to it. In doing so it also explores under what circumstances felon disenfranchisement can be permissible. Paper 4 explores the question of whether prison inmates suffering from ADHD should be administered psychopharmacological intervention (methylphenidate) for their condition. The theoretical starting point for the discussion is the communicative theory of punishment, which understands criminal punishment as a form of secular penance. Viewed through the lens of the communicative theory it is argued that the provision of pharmacological treatment to offenders with ADHD need not necessarily be conceived of as an alternative to punishment, but as an aid to achieving the penological ends of secular penance. Thus, in this view offenders diagnosed with ADHD should have the option to undergo pharmacological treatment.<br><p>QC 20170110</p>
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Lee, Amra. "Why do some civilian lives matter more than others? Exploring how the quality, timeliness and consistency of data on civilian harm affects the conduct of hostilities for civilians caught in conflict." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387653.
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Normatively, protecting civilians from the conduct of hostilities is grounded in the Geneva Conventions and the UN Security Council protection of civilian agenda, both of which celebrate their 70 and 20 year anniversaries in 2019. Previous research focusses heavily on protection of civilians through peacekeeping whereas this research focuses on ‘non-armed’ approaches to enhancing civilian protection in conflict. Prior research and experience reveals a high level of missingness and variation in the level of available data on civilian harm in conflict. Where civilian harm is considered in the peace and conflict literature, it is predominantly from a securitized lens of understanding insurgent recruitment strategies and more recent counter-insurgent strategies aimed at winning ‘hearts and minds’. Through a structured focused comparison of four case studies the correlation between the level of quality, timely and consistent data on civilian harm and affect on the conduct of hostilities will be reviewed and potential confounders identified. Following this the hypothesized causal mechanism will be process traced through the pathway case of Afghanistan. The findings and analysis from both methods identify support for the theory and it’s refinement with important nuances in the factors conducive to quality, timely and consistent data collection on civilian harm in armed conflict.
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Donoghue, Kathleen J. "Perceived harms and benefits of parental cannabis use, and parents’ reports regarding harm-reduction strategies." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1592.
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This research focussed on families in which at least one parent was a long-term cannabis user; I explored family members’ perceptions of the benefits and harms of cannabis use and the strategies parents used to minimise cannabis-related harm to themselves and their children. In depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 43 individuals from 13 families, producing a series of family case studies that enabled examination of multiple perspectives within each family. In Study 1, I used an interpretive framework guided by Miles and Huberman’s (1994) thematic content analysis technique to analyse interview data, while study 2 yielded detailed descriptive vignettes that examined how the use of cannabis played out in particular families. Cannabis users have been portrayed as stereotypically lazy, unhealthy, deviant, and criminal. However, this was not the case with the current sample, whose lifestyles revolved around employment and family life. Parents claimed to use cannabis in a responsible way that minimised harm to self and family. Few reported personal experiences of harm and most did not believe that their children had been adversely affected by their use of cannabis. Nonetheless, children’s awareness of parental cannabis use, and access to the parent’s cannabis supply, occurred at a younger age than parents suspected. Parents reported harm reduction strategies that targeted five broad areas: (1) Dosage control; (2) Dependency; (3) Acute risk; (4) Long-term harm; and (5) Harm to children. The current study points to common-sense ways of reducing harm, such as being discreet about cannabis use; using less potent strains; prioritising family and work responsibilities; being careful about where cannabis was obtained; not mixing cannabis with tobacco; and limiting any financial outlay. The harm reduction strategies identified in this research might be helpful in the forensic evaluation, safety planning, and treatment of parental cannabis use. The validity of the current findings was enhanced by having independent data on the same topic from each family member’s point of view, including non-using partners and children, and by including both convergent and divergent data.
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Gorton, Hayley. "Risks of self-harm, suicide and other unnatural death in people with epilepsy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/risks-of-selfharm-suicide-and-other-unnatural-death-in-people-with-epilepsy(6177aeca-3d43-43b8-8fd8-e2b421bc1bad).html.
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Aims: The initial aim of this thesis was to understand the relationship between non-psychotropic medication and risk of suicidality. This was achieved by conducting a systematic review, which, among other conclusions, identified the need for improved estimation of risk of suicide and attempted suicide associated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This stimulated this programme of research which sought to estimate the risk of suicide and other causes of unnatural death in people with epilepsy, the role of AEDs in fatal poisonings, the risk of self-harm in people with epilepsy and factors associated with self-harm amongst those people with epilepsy. Methods: Cohorts of individuals with prevalent epilepsy were identified separately in two population-based linked-primary care datasets: the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) in England and the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) in Wales. Individuals were matched on age, gender and general practice to up to 20 people without epilepsy. The risks of cause-specific types of unnatural death (e.g. suicide, accident) were estimated using stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for level of deprivation. From each of the prevalent epilepsy cohorts, individuals with incident epilepsy, no history of self-harm and who were new users of the AEDs; carbamazepine, lamotrigine or valproate, were identified. The risk of first self-harm event associated with each AED compared to valproate was estimated using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting propensity score analysis. Estimates from each dataset were combined in a random effects meta-analysis. In the CPRD, the risk of self-harm in the incident epilepsy cohort versus a comparison cohort was estimated using a stratified Cox proportional hazards model. From this cohort, a nested case-control study was constructed. Individuals with a first self-harm event (cases) were matched to up to 20 people with no history of self-harm (controls). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of self-harm associated with various factors including history of mental illness diagnoses, referrals and AED utilisation. Results: There were 44,678 and 14,051 people in the prevalent epilepsy cohorts and 891,429 and 279,365 in the comparison cohorts, in the CPRD and the SAIL respectively. Increased risks of suicide (HR 2.15, 95%CI 1.51-3.08) and accidental death (HR 2.97, 95%CI 2.54-3.48) were observed for people with epilepsy versus the comparison cohort, from the deprivation-adjusted meta-analysed estimates. Overall, AEDs were involved in 9.7% (95%CI 3.6%-19.9%) of the 62 poisoning deaths in people with epilepsy. There were 5,107 new users of carbamazepine, lamotrigine or valproate with incident epilepsy in the CPRD and 2,654 in the SAIL. No increased risk of self-harm was evident for carbamazepine (HR 1.53, 95%CI 0.89-2.64) or lamotrigine (HR 1.35, 95%CI 0.79-2.29), compared to valproate, from the meta-analysed estimates. In the CPRD, there were 11,690 individuals with incident epilepsy and 215,569 in the comparison cohort. The deprivation-adjusted hazard ratios for first self-harm event were 5.31 (95%CI 4.08-6.89) in the year following diagnosis and 3.31 (95%CI 2.85-3.84) in subsequent years. The nested-case control study derived from this incident epilepsy cohort included 273 cases of first self-harm and 3,790 controls. An increased risk of self-harm was associated with history of a mental illness diagnosis (OR 4.08, 95% CI 3.06-5.42) or referral to specialist psychiatric services (OR 3.41, 95% CI 2.63-4.43), compared to none; or being prescribed no AEDs (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01-2.12) or two AEDs (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.33-2.55) in the 90 days prior to index date, compared to a single AED. Augmentation of AED treatment carried an elevated risk (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.38-3.26) whereas there was no evidence to indicate that switching from one AED to another altered risk (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.21-2.23). Conclusions: Compared to those without the condition, people with epilepsy are at an elevated risk of unnatural death, including suicide and accidental death, and nonfatal self-harm. The risk of self-harm is particularly elevated in the year following diagnosis of epilepsy but persists beyond this. Factors associated with increased risk of self-harm within the epilepsy population include prior mental illness and referral to psychiatric services. There was no evidence of difference in the risk of self-harm associated with carbamazepine or lamotrigine compared to valproate, but further replication of this result would be beneficial. However, treatment with multiple AEDs and augmentation of AED treatment increase the risk of self-harm within this population. These may be markers of uncontrolled epilepsy.
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Debenham, Jennifer. "Harm reduction for alcohol and other drug use in young people: The seductive allure of neuroscience." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26407.
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A predominance of mental disorders, including substance use disorders, arise during adolescence and track into adulthood. Protracted neurodevelopment may promote the onset and escalation of substance use and increase the vulnerability to harm, however to date there has been no comprehensive review of neurobiological and cognitive risk factors and consequences of illicit substance use. Effective public health efforts to reduce the harms of substance use among young people are critically important. Senior secondary school represents an optimal developmental period to effect change, however age-appropriate interventions targeting this older age group are extremely limited. Moreover, neuroscience-based preventive interventions are virtually non-existent. This thesis aims to first, investigate the impact of substance use on neurodevelopment and second, to develop and evaluate neuroscience-based resources that reduce substance-use related harms in late adolescents.
Study 1 is a comprehensive, quantitative systematic review of the neurobiological and cognitive precursory risks and consequential harms of illicit substance use in young people. The review reports few neurodevelopmental risk factors and many structural, functional and cognitive consequences following frequent illicit substance use, which demonstrate some degree of recovery following abstinence. Study 2 evaluates neuroscience-based animations and neuroscience-literacy levels among young people. The findings support the use of neuroscience in substance use education, however, indicates the belief in neuromyths continue to persist. Studies 3-5 outline the development and evaluation of a neuroscience-based, harm reduction program known as The Illicit Project, in secondary schools across New South Wales, Australia. The results from a cluster randomised controlled trial indicate the intervention is feasible and effective in reducing the likelihood of risky alcohol, cannabis, MDMA and tobacco use, as well as reducing alcohol-related harms, and improving drug literacy levels among late adolescents.
Overall, this body of studies makes a substantial contribution to the fields of substance use and prevention science through the development and translation of new knowledge into effective resources for young people.
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Nichols, Fiona Troup. "Identity, opportunity and hope :an Aboriginal model for alcohol (and other drug) harm prevention and intervention." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2234.
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The fieldwork for this study was conducted in the West Kimberley region of Western Australia between 1997 and 1999. Qualitative and quantitative information provided by 170 Aboriginal participants enabled an exploration of the context and patterns of Aboriginal alcohol use; Aboriginal perceptions of the alcohol issue, existing interventions, research findings, 'culture' and its role in prevention and intervention; and participants' incorporation of these perceptions into an Aboriginal model for alcohol misuse prevention, intervention and evaluation. Findings were based on the results of individual and focus group interviews, serial model-planning focus groups, documentary data and observation.Study findings generally suggest that in addition to self-determination and support components, 'cultural context' retains an important role for many remote area Aboriginal people. The findings from a small sub-sample tentatively suggest that 'cultural' disruption, in addition to the socio-economic consequences of colonisation and dispossession, may play an important role in alcohol misuse. Consequently, it appears that in combination with self-determination and support components, the strengthening of a locally-defined 'cultural' context may have an important role in alcohol misuse prevention and intervention - an approach frequently unrepresented in existing symptom-focused models and one inviting further investigation. The model developed by study participants expands significantly on existing symptom-focused approaches through a comprehensive life-enhancement focus on aspects of identity, opportunity and hope. This approach adds depth and meaning to understandings of cultural appropriateness and of culturally relevant models for substance misuse prevention and intervention.
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Nichols, Fiona Troup. "Identity, opportunity and hope :an Aboriginal model for alcohol (and other drug) harm prevention and intervention." Curtin University of Technology, National Drug Research Institute, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14160.
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The fieldwork for this study was conducted in the West Kimberley region of Western Australia between 1997 and 1999. Qualitative and quantitative information provided by 170 Aboriginal participants enabled an exploration of the context and patterns of Aboriginal alcohol use; Aboriginal perceptions of the alcohol issue, existing interventions, research findings, 'culture' and its role in prevention and intervention; and participants' incorporation of these perceptions into an Aboriginal model for alcohol misuse prevention, intervention and evaluation. Findings were based on the results of individual and focus group interviews, serial model-planning focus groups, documentary data and observation.Study findings generally suggest that in addition to self-determination and support components, 'cultural context' retains an important role for many remote area Aboriginal people. The findings from a small sub-sample tentatively suggest that 'cultural' disruption, in addition to the socio-economic consequences of colonisation and dispossession, may play an important role in alcohol misuse. Consequently, it appears that in combination with self-determination and support components, the strengthening of a locally-defined 'cultural' context may have an important role in alcohol misuse prevention and intervention - an approach frequently unrepresented in existing symptom-focused models and one inviting further investigation. The model developed by study participants expands significantly on existing symptom-focused approaches through a comprehensive life-enhancement focus on aspects of identity, opportunity and hope. This approach adds depth and meaning to understandings of cultural appropriateness and of culturally relevant models for substance misuse prevention and intervention.
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Allsopp, Marian. "Invisible wounds : a genealogy of emotional abuse and other psychic harms." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/634/.
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This dissertation is about how the concept of harm, damage or wound is applied as a metaphor to a site often called the self or the soul. This is the social space of the individual subject, which is, paradoxically, placed by our language and culture in a person’s interior – a place where we are all said to be vulnerable and endangered by a potentially hostile environment. The thesis consists of a series of studies which are designed to show how the concept of harm to an inner life emerges from different discursive contexts, and how it does so in distinctly variable versions: psychological, emotional, neurological or social, in more or less stable hybrid forms. Using primary sources which are mostly documentary, supported by some interviews, the studies range from a look at the psychiatric history of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and at the story of its rewriting in English tort law; the recent reprised popularity of attachment theory and its marriage to neurology and a look at the career of the concept of the emotional abuse of children as a social problem category in the legal/administrative processes of Child Protection. These are introduced by a first chapter which concentrates on the metaphoric content of invisible wounds or psychic trauma and the way it produces particular forms of the self. The studies which follow this are clustered around the literature and practices of the psychiatric, psychological, psycho-analytic, social work and legal professions, in order to show how the work of these professionals makes the concept of a psychic injury visible, discussible, treatable, administrable and justiciable. Through their efforts, it is argued, the concept moves from being a metaphor, hooked onto the palpable reality of a physical wound, to acquire a ‘facticity’ of its own; it becomes a reality through its achieved status as a social problem category and an ever present risk to self and self regulation at the turn of the 21st century.
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Roberts, Yasmin. "#MeToo: The Harm and Limitations of Social Media in Modern Activism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1255.
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In our current internet-driven society, social media platforms act as the most central tool for communication and social activism. Through my observations of the #MeToo movement, I argue that despite success in visibility, external factors stemming from social media have prevented the movement’s development beyond online platforms. These factors include Slacktivism, the online presence and power of celebrities, and popular feminism and it’s commodification. Considering that the #MeToo movement is ongoing, my observations of the movement thus far aim to answer the question if social media based movements, such as #MeToo, will produce any structural change within and beyond the entertainment industry.
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Tyson, K. W. "An investigation of dental and other hard tissue sounds by transient signal capture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.663139.
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The purpose of this study has been to provide clinicians with a simple low cost system for gnathosonic investigation in dental surgery, instead of referring patients to specialist centres. Hitherto the literature describing the sounds made by occlusion of the teeth has offered many conflicting hypotheses as to the relationship between the sounds produced and the condition of the gnathic system. Many techniques developed to investigate factors involved in tooth vibration or impact are cumbersome and time consuming. The simple system developed in this work is based on fast digital capture using an inexpensive microcomputer of a type commonly found in the home. Specific software has been developed to capture and manipulate the transient signals generated by tooth and other impacts. As part of the study the software has been rigorously verified for timings, frequency limits and program errors, and has been validated using both mathematically generated and other control signals such as those provided by a signal generator. The system has been used both in vitro and in vivo to investigate the manner in which shock waves from tooth impacts are received after transmission through the body structures. A meaningful interpretation of the data recorded has been established, although it has had to be accepted that scientific analysis of shock wave propagation through tissue requires further investigation and is beyond the scope of this work. In addition to sounds generated by occlusion of the teeth, sounds made by the percussion of implants set into the maxilla and mandible have also been recorded, on the assumption that serial recordings taken from the time of insertion could indicate integration or give early warning of failure. The technique of digital signal capture has been applied elsewhere in the body, for example sounds made by both natural and artificial joints. This limited study indicates that the developed system may have much wider application than gnathosonic measurement alone.
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Waghorn, Alana. "How compatible is religious freedom with other freedoms? : The ways in which defending the religious rights of one can diminish the freedom of another and the role of conflict as a consequence." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28876.
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 states that all people are entitled to freedom and equality. Providing freedom is an important part of democracy and development yet the process is not always simple and it faces many obstacles. Freedom is identified in many forms but one of the most contentious forms is freedom of religion and conscience; it is currently the subject of heated debate as some prioritise it above all other freedoms whilst others argue that religion is too often the cause of conflict and should not exist at all. Providing freedom of religion means defending a person’s right to practise their religious beliefs, though some can hinder the freedom of others. One of the obstacles facing the provision of various freedoms might be the defence of religious freedom. In order to make more people more free, it may be necessary to limit religious freedom to a certain extent. By employing an abductive approach, this qualitative desk study infers from the observation of occurrences where religious freedom has detrimentally affected or been affected by another form of freedom that an inverse relationship might exist and furthermore that conflict could result. The cases, each one an incident taking place in a highly developed and democratic country, were collected from online newspapers, primarily the BBC, and were analysed using Mill’s Harm Principle as a framework. It was found that, rather than threatening other forms of freedom, defending the religious freedom of one group is more likely to threaten the religious freedom of another group. Small-scale, recurring conflict is a common occurrence, most often resolved judicially and in favour of the majority. It was concluded that freedom in all its forms is not possible for all people simultaneously and that limiting freedom to avoid harming others it also likely to cause harm.
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Dzierlatka, Benjamin. "La propagande terroriste saisie par le droit pénal : étude comparée du droit français et du droit canadien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0076.
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Qu'est-ce que la propagande terroriste ? Comment la définir et l'appréhender sous toutes ses formes et manifestations ? D'une apparence triviale, ce phénomène est d'une réalité éminemment complexe. Ces dernières décennies, les sociétés libres et démocratiques ont été frappées par ce fléau dont l’ampleur ne cesse de croitre. Facilité par la prolifération des médias numériques, en particulier les réseaux sociaux et les plateformes de diffusion de contenus en ligne, le phénomène terroriste s’alimente d’une nouvelle façon. Nonobstant son caractère profondément performatif, capable d’agir sur le monde et d’exhorter à la perpétration d'actes de terrorisme au nom de causes politiques, religieuses ou idéologiques, la propagande demeure une activité expressive entrant naturellement dans la sphère des activités protégées par la liberté d’expression. Pour les législateurs français et canadiens, la difficulté résidera principalement dans la recherche d’un juste équilibre entre le respect de l’ordre public et la sauvegarde de la liberté d’expression, droit considéré comme l’un des plus précieux de l’Homme. Au regard de l’émergence de ces nouvelles problématiques juridiques, notre thèse s’intéressera à la question de savoir dans quelle mesure la propagande terroriste peut être criminalisée en droit pénal français et canadien, compte tenu des restrictions à la liberté d’expression que cette incrimination implique<br>What is terrorist propaganda? How can we understand it in all its forms and manifestations? Although seemingly trivial, this phenomenon is an eminently complex reality. In recent decades, free and democratic societies have been hit by this scourge, the scale of which continues to grow. Facilitated by the proliferation of digital media, in particular social networks and online content distribution platforms, the terrorist phenomenon is fueled in a new way. Notwithstanding its profoundly performative character, capable of acting on the world and urging the perpetration of acts of terrorism in the name of political, religious or ideological causes, propaganda remains an expressive activity falling within the sphere of activities protected by freedom of speech. For French and Canadian legislators, the difficulty will mainly lie in finding a fair balance between respect for public order and the protection of freedom of expression, a right considered one of the most precious of human rights. Given the emergence ofthese new legal issues, our thesis will focus on the question of knowing to what extent terrorist propaganda can be criminalized in French and Canadian criminal law, taking into account the restrictions on freedom of expression that this incrimination implies
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Bruce, Kaashifah. "Factors influencing school staff's implementation of a pastoral care program designed to reduce students' harm from tobacco and other drugs." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/523.
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Tobacco, along with alcohol, is one of the most commonly used drugs in Australia. Although trends in adolescent smoking have decreased, it has been estimated that worldwide, 80,000 to 100,000 youth take up smoking every day. Hence, adolescent tobacco use is still an important public health issue.
To measure the success of a school-based program that reduces harm from tobacco and other drugs, the effective implementation of the program is essential. Although school staff may recognise the value and importance of an intervention, inadequate implementation by these staff is a common occurrence in intervention research projects.
This Masters study aimed to investigate the factors influencing school staff’s implementation of a pastoral care program designed to reduce students’ harm from tobacco and other drugs. The five research questions for this study were:
1. What are the external environmental factors that influence school staff’s implementation of the KIT-Plus Research Project intervention?
2. What are the school-level factors that influence school staff’s implementation of the KIT-Plus Research Project intervention?
3. What are the individual staff-level factors that influence school staff’s implementation of the KIT-Plus Research Project intervention?
4. What are the intervention factors that influence school staff’s implementation of the KIT-Plus Research Project intervention?
5. How have the external environmental, school, individual and intervention factors contributed to each school’s mean level of implementation of the KIT-Plus Research Project intervention?
This project was conducted as part of a Healthway funded Tobacco Control Research Development Program administered by Edith Cowan University’s Child Health Promotion Research Centre (CHPRC). This Masters project also contributed to the Healthway funded longitudinal study, the Keeping In Touch (KIT) - Plus Research Project (2008 – 2010) conducted in collaboration with School Drug Education and Road Aware (SDERA).
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Enkhbat, Javzmaa, and Patrik Wikström. "Swedish Social Workers’ Perceptions of Harm Reduction Methods in Substance Abuse Treatment." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30220.
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The aim of this study was to explore how harm reduction methods are perceived by Swedish social workers working with treatment of substance abuse. In doing so, qualitative research method with semi-structured interviews was conducted with five social workers practicing within the social services adult unit from three different municipalities in mid-Sweden. The gathered data was analyzed through the perspective of the two related theoretical frameworks of social constructionism and discourse theory. The result revealed diverse perceptions and perspectives regarding harm reduction methods which both were conflicted between participants and within the participants. Methods practiced in Sweden were to a large degree perceived as positive. Perceptions regarding methods outside of Sweden were to a large degree split between an overall negative perception and a conflicted perception between negative views on the legitimization of drugs and positive perceptions regarding preventive positive outcomes. From the chosen theoretical framework, The participating social workers’ perceptions appeared to be influenced by experience, social context, and a prohibitionist discourse on drug abuse that has since long been predominant in Sweden.
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Lie, Amber. "Vad har lärare för förutsättningar att undervisa i programmering?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektroteknik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29795.
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Uhler, Michael. "Boko Haram: why they became an affiliate of Daesh." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64989.
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This study investigates the terror group Boko Haram in Nigeria, its’ history and its subsequent pledge to Daesh otherwise known as the Islamic State. By joining Daesh, the most ruthless terror group currently, it has thrust Boko Haram into the targets of regional and international coalitions begging the question why would they take such a step putting them at risk. This research paper aims to view Boko Haram as a rational collective entity thus seeking to underline factors as to why they deemed it beneficial to pledge allegiance to Daesh. This thesis tries to fill the gap of knowledge regarding why terror groups, in this case Boko Haram, pledged loyalty to another terror organization. This research paper is carried out and organized as a case study whilst applying the method of abduction and uses rational choice theory when analyzing the factors behind the pledge to explain what cost-benefit and/or rational choices could be seen. The findings show that social, religious, and financial utility on the collective level can help in analyzing the factors and the reasoning behind Boko Haram’s pledge to Daesh however I argue for another utility, that of knowledge, to be included when viewing factors behind other terror groups allying with one another.
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Lin, Nie Shu. "New hard rock fragmentation formulas based on model and full-scale tests." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17142.
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Lundberg, Sofia. "Godskunders värderingar av faktorer som har betydelse på transportmarknaden." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Transport and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3930.
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<p>The purpose of this project was to determine the freight customers’ valuations that are im-portant to their choice of transport mode for long-distance freight transportation. The results are intended to form the basis for valuations of changes in the transport system and for fore-cast models. The purpose was to study the general valuations of certain quality factors that transportation buyers have regardless of the type of transportation. The study covered all transport modes and transportation systems.</p><p>The method used was computer-assisted telephone interviews that were conducted by the author with slightly fewer than 100 transportation managers and a response frequency of 99%. After a few questions about the company and its transportation, a Stated Preferences survey (SP) was conducted with ranking and paired choices. SP means that it is possible to find out what the company wood choose in a hypothetical situation and where willingness to pay can be determined for different factors. The factors that were primarily investigated by means of paired choices were transportation cost, transportation time, frequency, and risk of delay. Several other factors were also investigated by means of ranking.</p><p>The results show that transportation cost is a very important factor when choosing a carrier. Actual transportation in today’s transport systems is of high quality with few delays and little freight damage At the same time, the transportation market is subject to stiff competition, which is one of the reasons why transportation customers are sensitive to price. The thresh-old for switching carrier is on average a 3.8% lower price, even with everything else un-changed. The companies use many transportation companies. Almost all of them use more than one and over half use more than 10.</p><p>The transportation buyers are prepared to pay in average 2% higher price for a 50% reduc-tion in environmental impact. Shorter transportation times and higher dispatch frequency are valued at very low levels. A short transportation time is on the other hand more important for high-value freight than for low-value freight. The transport managers’ apparent satisfac-tion with today’s transportation solutions may be due to production and transportation being adapted to each other as regards both transportation time and frequency.</p><p>With today’s production, there is thus no reason to change the transportation system other than to wish that transportation were cheaper. This is also shown in the paired choice analy-sis. Price is thus clearly the most important factor, followed by the risk of delay not increas-ing and then shorter transportation time and greater frequency. Transportation buyers are re-nowned for their sensitivity to price and this is borne out by this study and others conducted in the past.</p>
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Rundén, Emelie. "Gemenskapsinterna förvärv : Har Skatteverkets dokumentationskrav konstitutionellt stöd?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11042.
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<p>Gemenskapsinterna förvärv är ett uttryck för handel mellan näringsidkare i olika medlemsstater inom Europeiska gemenskapen (EG). Enligt huvudregeln i mervärdesskattelagen (1994:200) (ML) ska ett förvärv beskattas i ursprungsstaten, varifrån transporten påbörjas. Vid gemenskapsinterna förvärv finns det dock speciella regler framtagna för beskattningen, i syfte att undvika dubbelbeskattning. Reglerna innebär att säljaren blir undantagen från skatteplikt i dennes etableringsland medan köparen beskattas för förvärvet i sitt etableringsland.</p><p>Den svenska lagstiftningen anger att för att ett gemenskapsinternt förvärv ska undantas från beskattning måste varan transporteras av säljaren, köparen eller någon för deras räkning från ett EG-land till ett annat. Vidare måste köparen vara registrerad som skattskyldig till mervärdesskatt i ett annat EG-land än det som varan utgick ifrån. För att detta ska vara möjligt krävs dock att transporten ut ur ursprungslandet kan styrkas. Sedan 1993 finns det inte längre några fysiska tullkontroller som kontrollerar vilka varor som rör sig över landsgränserna. På grund härav har Skatteverket uppställt krav på dokumentation som ska kunna frambringas för att undanta det gemenskapsinterna förvärvet från beskattning. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida dokumentationskraven har konstitutionellt stöd och om de är förenliga med den skatterättsliga principen om neutralitet, samt om Skatteverkets rekommendation om att debitera mervärdesskatt som en försiktighetsåtgärd utgör ett hinder i den fria rörligheten.</p><p>För att en bestämmelse ska anses ha konstitutionellt stöd krävs att det, enligt legalitetsprincipen, finns grundlagsstöd för bestämmelsen. Handlingar från Skatteverket får inte innebära en skärpning av en lagregel, eftersom de då riskerar att strida mot legalitetsprincipen. Dokumentationskraven utgör en otillåten utvidgning av lagtexten varför de inte kan sägas ha konstitutionellt stöd. För att en bestämmelse inte ska strida mot neutralitetsprincipen får olika handlingsalternativ inte innebära olikartad beskattning. Då det är olika svårt att frambringa tillräcklig dokumentation för att ett gemenskapsinternt förvärv ska kunna undantas från skatteplikt, beroende på vilket sätt en näringsidkare väljer att transportera varan, är dokumentationskraven inte förenliga med den skatterättsliga principen om neutralitet.</p><p>Vidare utgör skatteverkets rekommendation om att, vid osäkerhet huruvida köparen kommer transportera varan ut ur landet, debitera mervärdesskatt på fakturan som en försiktighetsåtgärd en inskränkning i den fria rörligheten vilken inte kan rättfärdigas på grund av inbringandet av skatteintäkter till medlemsstaterna.</p>
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Fiedler, Lotta. "Har lärares psykosociala arbetsmiljö påverkats av karriärstegsreformen och lärarlönelyftet?" Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255271.
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Under åren 2013 – 2018 har två statliga lönereformer genomförts, som huvudsakligen riktar sig till lärare i Sverige. Riksrevisionen gjorde 2017 en granskning av de två reformerna i vilken man fann att sammanhållningen mellan lärare påverkats negativt. Denna undersökning startar i Riksrevisionens granskning och mina erfarenheter som facklig representant. Undersökningen ger en bild av vad lärares uppfattning är i en kommun. Den visar att arbetsgivaren behöver utveckla arbetet med information och kommunikation vid förändringsarbete. Statens lärarlönesatsningar har medfört både positiva och negativa effekter på lärares arbetsmiljö. Det finns anledning att arbeta för ökad transparens i informationen om lönereformerna och att involvera lärarna i arbetet. För att förbättra arbetsklimatet på skolorna är en rekommendation att göra lärarna delaktiga i arbetet med framtida förändringar och arbeta för tydliga löneprocesser. Detta för att ge förutsättningar för goda och hållbara arbetsmiljöförhållanden.<br>Employers are responsible for the work environment of all employed and shall achieve a good work environment. The state has implemented two salary reforms for teachers in Sweden during the period 2013 - 2018. The Swedish national audit office has made an audit of the Teacher salary boost and the Teacher career reform. They found a deterioration of cohesion between teachers. This investigation starts in my experiences as a union representative and in the Swedish National Audit Office report of the Teacher salary boost and the Teacher career reform. It gives a picture of the teachers´ opinion about the reforms. The result shows that the employer needs to develop the work with information and communication at change work. The state salary reforms have given both positive and negative effects on teachers´ work environment. There is reason to work for increased transparency in information about the reforms and to involve the teachers in the work. To improve working climate at schools, the recommendation is to make the teachers participant in future work at change processes and to work for clearer processes. This will give the basis for good and sustainable working conditions.
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Mcneish, Roxann. "An exploration of threatened harm as a type of maltreatment and its relation to recurrence of maltreatment." Scholar Commons, 2013. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5074.
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There were no studies found in the literature that primarily focused on threatened harm as type of maltreatment. This study utilized Florida's child welfare administrative data to explore threatened harm as a type of maltreatment, particularly as a predictor of recurrence of maltreatment within six and 12 months for children who had a verified report of maltreatment in FY2005-2006. Threatened harm was examined in three ways; when it was reported as the only maltreatment, the initial maltreatment, and in situations where there was a prior report. The most prevalent acts of threatened harm were examined separately. It was examined as a predictor of recurrence of any maltreatment and also as a predictor of recurrence of a different type of maltreatment. The results of bivariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that children who experienced threatened harm were at increased odds for recurrence of maltreatment overall. The odds were found to be greater within 12 months, for children who had a prior report and for children who experienced a substance related threatened harm. Children with a prior report were also found to be more likely to experience recurrence of a different type of maltreatment. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Janstad, Peter, and Klas Norrsén. "Vilken funktion har en akademisk turismutbildning i besöksnäringen." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomi, geografi, juridik och turism, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36474.
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Raleigh, S. M. "Involvement of cytochromes P450 (CYP) and other haem associated enzymes in the bioreduction of AQ4N, an antitumour prodrug." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10713.
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The anthraquinone di-N-oxide AQ4N is a prodrug designed to be excluded from cell nuclei until metabolised in hypoxic tumour regions to AQ4, a DNA binder and potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II. The antitumour effects of AQ4N in rodent neoplasms are well characterised but the identity of enzymes responsible for the metabolism are unknown. The aims of the present work were to identify Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes responsible for AQ4N metabolism in rat and human tissue and to conduct a preliminary investigation into the in vivo metabolism of AQ4N in tumour bearing rodents. AQ4N was found to undergo a two electron reduction to the mono-Noxide AQM followed by a subsequent two electron reduction to cytotoxic AQ4. The process occurred in the microsomes of rat and human liver, was cofactor dependent and was inhibited by air. In rats, CYPs 2B and 2E were found to anaerobically metabolise both AQ4N and AQM. Kinetically, AQ4N metabolism conformed to a Michaelis-Menten model whereas the metabolism of AQM was better described by a sigmoidal relationship. In addition, both semi purified Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and purified Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were both able to anaerobically metabolise AQ4N. Both enzymes required NADPH and CPR mediated metabolism was dependent on the presence of exogenous haem. In humans, the anaerobic metabolism of both AQ4N and AQM correlated with CYP 3A activity and not with the activities of CYP 1 AI 2C and 2D. AQM metabolism correlated also with the activity of CYP 2A. The involvement of CYP 3A was confirmed by the use of CYP specific inhibitors and by the use of cDNA transfected cell microsomes. Human kidney and colonic tumours were found to anaerobically metabolise AQ4N and tumour metabolism was inhibited by the CYP inhibitor carbon monoxide (CO). Finally, the in vivo metabolism of AQ4N was studied in C3H tumour bearing mice. Metabolites of AQ4N were found in all tissues studied but the AQ4! AQ4N ratio was highest in the tumours. Collectively, these findings have identified the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of AQ4N and its mono-N-oxide. Differences exist between the CYP isoforms responsible for metabolism in rodents and in man, in humans, CYP 3A enzymes predominantly metabolise AQ4N and this subfamily of CYP are known to be well expressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers. With this in mind, AQ4N based therapy should be considered as a rational treatment regime for patients bearing solid tumour burdens.
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Reinholdsson, Ida, and Emelie Lindström. "HAR FÖRKLARINGARNA TILLVÅLDET NÅGON BETYDELSE? : En forskningsöversikt om mäns våld mot kvinnor." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-83868.
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Cole, Merrill. "The other Orpheus : a poetics of modern homosexuality /." New York [u.a.] : Routledge, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip042/2003007030.html.
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Osbeck, David. "Har Sverige genomgått en Revolutions In Military Affairs?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6828.
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The most up-to-date definition of Revolutions in Military Affairs (RMA) is defined by military an-alysts as the role of technology in transforming military affairs. Despite the amount of literature on how RMA impacts great powers the significance of RMA for small states is limited. Is RMA suffi-cient and suitable to define a change in small states security strategies? The purpose of this study is to analyze to what extent RMA can be traced in Swedish strategy implementation after applying Francis Domingo’s theory of small states security strategies. The method used in this essay is a case study that analyses to what extent RMA can be found and proven by using the strategy implementation factors defined in Domingo’s theory. The result of this study shows that only two out of four strategies can prove RMA in Sweden’s implementation of security strategies. The result gives reason for criticism due to Domingo’s the-ory’s inability to trace and prove RMA and its implication in a small state’s security strategies.
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Hammer, Erik, and Christoffer Harlén. "Socialtjänstens kamp för att hindra försummelsen av barn - vilken roll har organisatoriska förutsättningar i handläggningsprocessen?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92643.
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Sjögren, Ida. "Har fysisk aktivitet positiv effekt vid mild till måttlig depression?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-81715.
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Bakgrund: Den vanligaste formen av depression är egentlig depression som kan delas in i tre undergrupper: mild, måttlig och svår. Var femte vuxen i Sverige får en depressionsdiagnos minst en gång under sin livstid. Inom några år kommer depression att vara det största folkhälsoproblemet enligt världshälsoorganisationen (WHO). I Sverige begås mer än 1000 självmord per år, där merparten sker på grund av depression. Antalet sjukskrivningar på grund av depression har ökat stadigt och år 2005 gick samhällskostnaderna för depression på 33 miljarder kr. De vanligaste behandlingarna vid depression är kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) och läkemedel, där selektiva serotoninåterupptagshämmare (SSRI) är förstahandspreparat. Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka om fysisk aktivitet är en adekvat behandlingsform vid mild till måttlig depression. Metod: Sökningar efter relevanta artiklar har gjorts i pubmed och swemed+. Sammanlagt valdes sju artiklar ut som var relevanta för arbetet. Resultat: I studie 1, som var en meta-analys, minskade deltagarnas poäng statistiskt signifikant på Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) med i genomsnitt 4,52 poäng och i genomsnitt 6,46 poäng på Beck Depression Inventory-skalan (BDI) hos de deltagare som hade fysisk aktivitet (FA) jämfört med kontroller. Minskningen på BDI var kliniskt betydelsefull, men inte på HAM-D-skalan. Studierna 2-4 baseras på en större studie, REGASSAstudien. Jämfört med de som fick standardbehandling (TAU) minskade deltagarna som hade FA sina MontgomeryÅsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)-poäng statistiskt signifikant med 2,99 poäng mer efter tre månader vilket är kliniskt betydelsefullt. Deltagarna som fick KBT via internet minskade statistiskt signifikant med 2,83 poäng mer än vad deltagarna i TAU-gruppen gjorde efter 3 månader vilket också är kliniskt betydelsefullt. I studie 5 var deltagarnas minskning av Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9)-poäng statistiskt signifikanta i grupperna som fick beteendeaktivering (BA) och i den gruppen som fick utbildning om depression kombinerat med FA, jämfört med kontrollgrupp, efter tolv veckor. Minskningen i medelvärde för interventionsgrupperna på PHQ-9 var 5,6 till 8,24 poäng, vilket är kliniskt betydelsefullt. I studie 6 minskade deltagarnas PHQ-9-poäng statistiskt signifikant i både gruppen för FA och BA, 7,06 respektive 4,7 poäng. Minskningen av poäng i medelvärde i FAgruppen uppnådde kriteriet för att vara kliniskt betydelsefullt. Minskningen i BA-gruppen nådde nästan gränsen för att vara kliniskt betydelsefullt. Studie 7 undersökte relationen mellan FA och depression, samt den omvända relationen genom Mendelsk randomisering. I den studien påvisades ett skyddande samband mellan accelerometer baserad aktivitet och egentlig depression. Deltagarna i de flesta studier gick från måttlig depression till mild eller ingen alls där behandlingarna hade effekt. Diskussion: De granskade studierna har använt sig av olika skattningsskalor och de har haft olika typer av kontrollgrupper, vilket försvårar jämförelser av de olika studiernas resultat. De grupper som fått standardbehandling har fått olika behandling beroende på vilken läkare de har haft. Mer forskning behöver göras för att säkerställa resultaten och för att ta reda på vilken intensitet träningen ska vara. Det vore även intressant att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan befolkningens allt mer stillasittande livsstil och ökningen av psykisk ohälsa. Slutsats: De olika studiernas resultat visar att fysisk aktivitet har en positiv effekt på mild till måttlig depression. I kombination med utbildning om vad depression är uppnås en större effekt.<br>Background: The most common form of depression is major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD can be divided into three subgroups: mild, moderate and severe. Every fifth adult in Sweden is diagnosed with MDD at least once during their lifetime. Within a few years, depression will be the biggest public health problem according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In Sweden, more than 1000 suicides per year are committed, most of them due to depression. The number of sick leaves due to depression has increased steadily and the social costs for depression were in year 2005 SEK 33 billion. The most common treatments for depression are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and antidepressant drugs, where SSRI is the primary choice. Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate whether or not physical activity is an adequate form of treatment for mild to moderate depression. Method: In total, seven scientific articles were selected from pubmed and swemed+. Results: In study 1, which was a meta-analysis, the scores on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Beck Depression Inventory-scale (BDI) for participants who had Physical Activity (PA) decreased statistically significantly by an average of 4.52 points and 6.46 points, respectively, compared to controls. The decrease in BDI was clinically significant, but the decrease on the HAM-D scale was not clinically significant. Studies 2-4 are all based on one major study, the REGASSA study. Compared to those who received treatment as usual (TAU), participants who had PA reduced their Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score statistically significantly by 2.99 points more after three months, which is clinically significant. Participants who received CBT via the internet decreased statistically significantly by 2.83 points more than the participants in the TAU group, which is also clinically significant. In study 5, the participants reductions of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were statistically significant in the groups that received Behavioral Activation (BA) and in the group receiving some education about depression combined with PA, compared with a control group after twelve weeks. The decrease in mean value for the intervention groups on PHQ-9 was 5.6 to 8.24 points, which is clinically significant. In study 6, the participants in the intervention groups decreased their PHQ-9 scores statistically significantly with 4.7 (BA) and 7.06 (PA) points. The decreases in both groups are statistically significant compared to the control group. The decrease in the PA group is clinically significant and in the BA group the decrease is near clinical significance. Study 7 examined the relationship between PA and depression and the reverse relationship through Mendelian Randomization. In this study a protective connection was found between accelerometer-based activity and MDD. Participants in most studies went from moderate MDD to mild or no MDD, where the interventions were effective. Discussion: The studies evaluated have used different estimation scales and have used different types of control groups which has made it difficult to compare the results of the studies. The groups that received standard treatment have received different treatments depending on which physician they have had. More research needs to be done to confirm the results and to find out at what intensity the training should be performed. It would also be interesting to investigate whether or not there is a connection between the population´s increasingly sedentary lifestyle and the increase of mental illness. Conclusion: The results of the various studies show that PA has a positive effect on mild to moderate MDD. A greater effect is achieved when the patient also receives some education about MDD.
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Ahlqvist, Erik. "Utvecklingen av ubåt typ Blekinge : vilka drivkrafter har varit avgörande?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-8788.
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Ubåtsvapnet har sedan dess instiftande utgjort en viktig del av det nationella försvaret av Sverige och har under lång tid ansetts vara flottans slagkraftigaste enheter. Genom utvecklingen som följde efter kalla kriget, där Europas stater närmade sig varandra genom EU och försvarssamarbeten, ominriktades Försvarsmakten mot ett insatsförsvar med internationellt fokus. Förband som inte kunde bidraga vid internationella insatser skulle avvecklas. För Ubåtsflottiljens del innebar detta att förbandet anpassade sig för att verka utanför Sveriges territorium och på så vis skapa legitimitet för sin fortsatta existens. Samtidigt påbörjades arbetet med att ta fram nästa generations ubåtar, som senare blev A26/Blekingeklassen. Då några direkta nationella hot inte längre förelåg designades dessa med färre torpedtuber och istället med en sluss för slussning av dykare och farkoster. Bakom ett beslut som detta finns flera aktörer, men på vilket sätt har dessa kunnat påverka designvalen för Blekinge? Genom att analysera projektet med hjälp av teorier kring beslutsfattande och drivkrafter har denna undersökning studerat vad som påverkat gjorda val. Undersökningens resultat visar att det funnits olika drivkrafter under projektets gång, men att de övergripande har varit rationellt aktörsagerande för att uppnå vinstsatisfiering både för Sverige som nation, men också för de enskilda aktörerna. Det har dock förekommit maktkamp mellan staten och försvarsindustrin samt stigberoende och byråkratiska inslag i form av handlande enligt tidigare uppgjorda rutiner.
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Lidell, Emma. "Sociala konsekvenser i kollektivtrafikprojekt : En studie om hur sociala konsekvenser har beaktats i planprocessen för Arenastadslinjen." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215219.
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Public transport projects have a large impact on social sustainability. Social sustainability is a current topic, but there is still an uncertainty about how the aspiration to approach social sustainability should be addressed. This is in particular valid for public transport projects. The aim of this study was to investigate how the Traffic Administration, the authority for public transport in the Stockholm County, regards to the issue of social consequences in their projects. A specific case was chosen; the metro line to Arenastaden. A compilation of social consequences in relation to public transport was made in order to obtain the aim of the study. In transport literature, social consequences can be broken down to socially determining variables and outcome variables. These indicate what and who is affected by the project. In addition to the theoretical background, practical tools that serve to enhance social consequences, such as social impact assessment, have been investigated and four practical tools that are applicable on public transport projects were chosen. This was made as a complement to the theory and to target additional social variables. In order to study the Arenastad line, a qualitative text analysis was applied. A search for explicitly stated social consequences and social variables was made, by searching for words and sentences that address social consequences in the official planning documents of the metro line to Arenastaden. In complement to the text analysis, unstructured interviews have been carried out. The interviewees are civil servants that have great knowledge about social impact assessments or have been involved in the Arenastad line project. The result of the study shows that social consequences and social variables have been taken into account in the official planning documents of the Arenastad line. These analyses have primarily served as an additional perspective but have not functioned as guidance for the choice of project. Most of the social assessments have been conducted at a late stage in the planning process and the results have been presented under certain headlines, in certain sections or in specific reports. The social analysis of the Arenastad line has left out issues of economic exclusion, and social variables linked to socio economy, such as poverty and economic accessibility to transport. In addition, an analysis that puts the Arenastad line in a regional social context is missing.
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Fahlborg, Emma. "Utomhuspedagogik : Vilken effekt har utomhusundervisning på elevernas delaktighet och inställning?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26688.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka om eleverna föredrar lektioner inomhus eller utomhus samt hur de anser skogen som inlärningsplats. Vidare ville jag undersöka varför pedagogerna väljer utomhusundervisning för lärande framför inomhuslektioner. Studien har genomförts via observationer där jag observerat eleverna samt gjort intervjuer med eleverna och deras två pedagoger. Resultatet är lite tudelat där framförallt eleverna är oense. Det visar att generellt vill hälften av klassen ha utomhuspedagogik under varmare årstider såsom vår och sommar men under vinterhalvåret när kylan är mer påtaglig vill generellt halva klassen ha inomhusundervisning. Pedagogerna anser att det är viktigt att eleverna får röra på sig samt att de får uppleva med sina sinnen där de får lukta, ta och se på vad eleverna får kunskaper om. Mina observationer visar på att eleverna blir mer glada och aktiva utomhus då det är mer tillåtet att prata och skratta.
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Folcke, Vendela, and Emelie Schultz. "Du får skylla dig själv. : En integrativ litteraturstudie om skuldbeläggning av kvinnor som har sex mot ersättning." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92645.
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Roswall, Wikström Mathilda. ""Det är därför vi har lyckats" : En kvalitativ studie om distriktschefers nyckelegenskaper och ledarstilar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67475.
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McKenna, Catherine Josephine. "Accuracy in the comparison of trabecular bone patterns and other hard tissue features visible on digitised dental radiographs in forensic dental identification." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SDN/09sdnm4788.pdf.
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Merhi, Marwa, and Emma Holmgren. "“Jag har rätt att kontrollera min kvinna” : En litteraturöversikt om mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relation Emma." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73725.
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Larsson, Ellinor, and Emma Höglin. "Vilken betydelse har internkommunikation vid förändringsarbete? : En fallstudie från ett medarbetarperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37622.
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In today’s society change management is something most organizations and companies will have to face. In this study our aim is to investigate the importance of internal communication from a co-worker perspective and how internal communication from top management can contribute to corporation as well as deviance from employees/workers. We have studied an organization which has experienced significant change where two organizations have marched together and created a new organization. We have chosen to do an empirical study based on previous theories/studies. We have used semi structured interviews to try and prove our purpose. Our research questions are: How was the change process initially communicated to the employees? How does the employees feel about the implementation of the new working ways? What new knowledge has the change brought with it? The results show that the internal communication varied during the process of change from being clear about goals and aims to become blurred in the implementation phase. Participation was perceived as important but not decisive in the change process. Greater transparency and honesty from management were called for.
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Lidén, Malin. "Kemilaborationer på mellanstadiet : En studie om vilka förutsättningar, mål och syften lärare har medlaborationsundervisning." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för matematik och ämnesdidaktik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-40418.
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Den här studiens syfte är att ta reda på vilka syften och mål kemilärare på mellanstadiet har med laborationer samt vilka förutsättningar mellanstadielärarna anser sig ha att genomföra laborationer i kemiundervisningen. Studien baseras på tidigare forskningkring det beskrivna området här ovan. Tidigare forskning har dock varit begränsad till att mestadels fokusera på högstadie- och gymnasielärares undervisning och därför anses den här studien viktig att genomföra eftersom den utgår från mellanstadielärares perspektiv. Metoderna som användes för att samla in data var en enkätundersökning och semistrukturerade intervjuer med mellanstadielärare. När jag undersökte vilka förutsättningar mellanstadielärare har att genomföra laborationer i kemiundervisningen utgick jag från en ramfaktorteoretisk ansats. Resultatet visar att lärares syfte och mål är utveckling av den kognitiva, psykomotoriska och affektiva domänen. Dessutom visar resultatet att det finns ett flertal faktorer som påverkar lärare i arbetet med laborationer, om än i olika grad. Slutsatsen i denna studie är att den mest centrala syftes- och målbeskrivningen mellanstadielärare har med laborationsundervisning är att ge elever en djupare förståelse för ämnesinnehållet och att förutsättningarna för att kunna genomföra laborationer i undervisningen varierar främst beroende på klasstorlek, schemaläggning och bedömning.
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Glad, Jessica. "Lego i förskolan : En studie om vad användandet av Lego har för syfte i förskolan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68529.
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The study aims to find out what function Lego has in preschool, from a gender perspective, when it comes to children's construction, accessibility and education related to technology. The result shows that Lego has a purpose in pre-school when it comes to construction and play but also to give the children opportunity to a calm activity. The study has been conducted through interviews with three preschool teachers at various preschools in two different communities. The result shows that Lego didn´t have a place in the planed activity’s in preschool but a lot of time and opportunity in the free play. The study shows that technology in preschool is something that the preschool teachers want to work more with. They think they use technical concepts and are aware of what building and constructing things gives the children. I can also see an awareness of the choices that preschools have when it comes to gender and buying Lego and that they mixed all different kind of Lego and how it is presented to the kids. Keywords: gender, Lego, preschool, technology
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Einarsson, Thorhallur, and Martin Carlstedt. "Barlastvattenkonventionen : Hur svenska tankrederier har hanterat konventionens krav." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74461.
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Främmande organismer i fartygs barlastvatten har med sjöfarten spridits runt världen med förödande konsekvenser. För att reglera denna spridning infördes Barlastvattenkonventionen av IMO, som innebär att fartyg inom en viss tid måste investera i godkända barlastreningssystem. Konventionens implementering har skapat ett visst huvudbry och rederier har ställts inför utmaningen att välja system som passar deras fartyg och fartområden. En kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes med representanter från svenska tankrederier för att få en bild av hur de har hanterat konventionen. Vidare undersöktes på vilka beslutsgrunder olika reningstekniker valdes samt hur eventuellt installerade system har levt upp till förväntningar. Intervjustudiens resultat visade att samtliga rederier har påverkats ekonomiskt och upplever problem med att hantera konventionens implementering samt att hitta tillförlitliga barlastreningssystem. En rapport kom även fram under intervjuerna där Saudiarabien hade gjort omfattande provtagningar på fartygs barlastvatten som visade att ett anmärkningsvärt stort antal fartyg med IMO-godkända barlastreningssystem inte klarade utsläppskraven. Intervjustudien indikerar påtagliga brister i barlastreningssystemen som Saudirapporten även bekräftar.<br>Aquatic invasive species have spread around the world in ships’ ballast water tanks with dire consequences. To regulate this spreading, the International Maritime Organization implemented the Ballast Water Management Convention which forces ships to, within a certain time frame, install approved ballast water treatment systems. The implimentation of the Convention has been complex and shipping companies have had to face challenges of choosing suitable treatment systems for their ships and trading areas. For this study, qualitative interviews were conducted with representatives from Swedish tanker shipping companies to examine how the Convention has affected them. On what grounds different treatment techniques were chosen was also examined, as well as if installed treatment systems have met expectations. Results from the study show that companies have suffered economical impacts, have had difficulties handling the implementation of the Convention as well as difficulties finding reliable treatment systems. Furthermore, one respondent referred to a report submitted by Saudi Arabia where extensive ballast water sampling had been conducted on ships calling their ports. The report showed that a considerable amount of ships with approved ballast water treatment systems did not meet the required levels of organisms in the treated ballast water. The interviews confirm the report’s description of the treatment systems’ fundamental flaws.
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Uphoff, Jan [Verfasser], Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Greiner, and Marcus [Akademischer Betreuer] Bleicher. "Open heavy flavor and other hard probes in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions / Jan Uphoff. Gutachter: Carsten Greiner ; Marcus Bleicher. Betreuer: Carsten Greiner." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048616037/34.
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Canzar, Stefan. "Lagrangian Relaxation - Solving NP-hard Problems in Computational Biology via Combinatorial Optimization." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00388521.
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This thesis is devoted to two $\mathcal{NP}$-complete combinatorial optimization problems arising in computational biology, the well-studied \emph{multiple sequence alignment} problem and the new formulated \emph{interval constraint coloring} problem. It shows that advanced mathematical programming techniques are capable of solving large scale real-world instances from biology to optimality. Furthermore, it reveals alternative methods that provide approximate solutions. In the first part of the thesis, we present a \emph{Lagrangian relaxation} approach for the multiple sequence alignment (MSA) problem. The multiple alignment is one common mathematical abstraction of the comparison of multiple biological sequences, like DNA, RNA, or protein sequences. If the weight of a multiple alignment is measured by the sum of the projected pairwise weights of all pairs of sequences in the alignment, then finding a multiple alignment of maximum weight is $\mathcal{NP}$-complete if the number of sequences is not fixed. The majority of the available tools for aligning multiple sequences implement heuristic algorithms; no current exact method is able to solve moderately large instances or instances involving sequences exhibiting a lower degree of similarity. We present a branch-and-bound (B\&B) algorithm for the MSA problem.\ignore{the multiple sequence alignment problem.} We approximate the optimal integer solution in the nodes of the B\&B tree by a Lagrangian relaxation of an ILP formulation for MSA relative to an exponential large class of inequalities, that ensure that all pairwise alignments can be incorporated to a multiple alignment. By lifting these constraints prior to dualization the Lagrangian subproblem becomes an \emph{extended pairwise alignment} (EPA) problem: Compute the longest path in an acyclic graph, that is penalized a charge for entering ``obstacles''. We describe an efficient algorithm that solves the EPA problem repetitively to determine near-optimal \emph{Lagrangian multipliers} via subgradient optimization. The reformulation of the dualized constraints with respect to additionally introduced variables improves the convergence rate dramatically. We account for the exponential number of dualized constraints by starting with an empty \emph{constraint pool} in the first iteration to which we add cuts in each iteration, that are most violated by the convex combination of a small number of preceding Lagrangian solutions (including the current solution). In this \emph{relax-and-cut} scheme, only inequalities from the constraint pool are dualized. The interval constraint coloring problem appears in the interpretation of experimental data in biochemistry. Monitoring hydrogen-deuterium exchange rates via mass spectroscopy is a method used to obtain information about protein tertiary structure. The output of these experiments provides aggregate data about the exchange rate of residues in overlapping fragments of the protein backbone. These fragments must be re-assembled in order to obtain a global picture of the protein structure. The interval constraint coloring problem is the mathematical abstraction of this re-assembly process. The objective of the interval constraint coloring problem is to assign a color (exchange rate) to a set of integers (protein residues) such that a set of constraints is satisfied. Each constraint is made up of a closed interval (protein fragment) and requirements on the number of elements in the interval that belong to each color class (exchange rates observed in the experiments). We introduce a polyhedral description of the interval constraint coloring problem, which serves as a basis to attack the problem by integer linear programming (ILP) methods and tools, which perform well in practice. Since the goal is to provide biochemists with all possible candidate solutions, we combine related solutions to equivalence classes in an improved ILP formulation in order to reduce the running time of our enumeration algorithm. Moreover, we establish the polynomial-time solvability of the two-color case by the integrality of the linear programming relaxation polytope $\mathcal{P}$, and also present a combinatorial polynomial-time algorithm for this case. We apply this algorithm as a subroutine to approximate solutions to instances with arbitrary but fixed number of colors and achieve an order of magnitude improvement in running time over the (exact) ILP approach. We show that the problem is $\mathcal{NP}$-complete for arbitrary number of colors, and we provide algorithms that, given an instance with $\mathcal{P}\neq\emptyset$, find a coloring that satisfies all the coloring requirements within $\pm 1$ of the prescribed value. In light of our $\mathcal{NP}$-completeness result, this is essentially the best one can hope for. Our approach is based on polyhedral theory and randomized rounding techniques. In practice, data emanating from the experiments are noisy, which normally causes the instance to be infeasible, and, in some cases, even forces $\mathcal{P}$ to be empty. To deal with this problem, the objective of the ILP is to minimize the total sum of absolute deviations from the coloring requirements over all intervals. The combinatorial approach for the two-color case optimizes the same objective function. Furthermore, we use this combinatorial method to compute, in a Lagrangian way, a bound on the minimum total error, which is exploited in a branch-and-bound manner to determine all optimal colorings. Alternatively, we study a variant of the problem in which we want to maximize the number of requirements that are satisfied. We prove that this variant is $\mathcal{APX}$-hard even in the two-color case and thus does not admit a polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) unless $\mathcal{P}=\mathcal{NP}$. Therefore, we slightly (by a factor of $(1+\epsilon)$) relax the condition on when a requirement is satisfied and propose a \emph{quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme} (QPTAS) which finds a coloring that ``satisfies'' the requirements of as many intervals as possible.
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Dahlström, Josefin, and Wuolo Maya Bergström. ""Att min hjärta har ingen ont" : Vad nyanlända elever i Sverige upplever som hälsofrämjande." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64380.
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Det finns stora ojämlikheter mellan nyanlända och personer födda i Sverige kopplat till bland annat psykisk ohälsa. Hälsans betydelse för nyanländas integrationsprocess uppmärksammas inte tillräckligt, det finns ett stort behov av hälsofrämjande insatser. Dock finns det kunskapsluckor inom ämnet. Studiens syfte var att beskriva vad nyanlända elever upplever som hälsofrämjande. Eftersom hälsopromotion riktat till nyanlända är ett relativt okänt område valdes kvalitativ metod för att besvara syftesfrågan. Datainsamlingen har skett med hjälp av öppna brev där deltagarna fick fortsätta på meningen “Nu ska jag rita och berätta om en dag då jag mådde bra, det var…”. Deltagandet var konfidentiellt och totalt var det 25 deltagare som besvarade breven med hjälp av text och bild. Analysmetoden som använts för studien är latent innehållsanalys som mynnade ut i ett huvudtema; Känner egenmakt som skapar drivkraft att tillsammans med sina nära få dela upplevelser och glädje och tre teman; Få bestämma själv, Finna kraft i tankar och minnen och Känna känslan av ett “vi”. Resultatet visar att deltagarna ser en hälsofrämjande vardag som består av frihet, gemenskap och reflektion. Resultatet visar även på den vardag som deltagarna lever i nu med saknad av hälsofrämjande faktorer som istället präglas av oro, ångest och depression. Slutsatsen är att det finns ett behov av insatser inom hälsopromotion för att främja de nyanlända elevernas hälsa och välbefinnande och på sikt minska den psykiska ohälsan.
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D'Ubaldo-Gauffin, Alexandra. ""Hans sexliv har ju förmodligen inte fuckats upp liksom" : Sexualitet, femininitet och kroppslighet efter sexuella övergrepp." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för etnologi, religionshistoria och genusvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157230.
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Based on semi-structured interviews, which have been interpreted through thematic analysis, this study sets out to explore four women’s experiences of sexual assault and its impact on their sexuality. It also aims at inquiring into what their stories can tell us about bodies and sexuality in general. This study draws on an understanding of sexuality and bodies as both discursive and material, and extends this insight to also include materiality’s potential to act against discourse. The analysis shows that the women experience sexual assault as in various ways affecting their sexuality and wellbeing negatively. While showing that their sexuality and bodily behaviour during sex is shaped and controlled by power and that this can be reinforced after sexual assault, it is also emphasised that their experiences lead to a less regulated sexuality and therefore to new sexual and bodily opportunities beyond passivity and objectification. In sum, the study suggests that the understanding of sexual assault as highly and negatively affecting women’s sexuality needs to be nuanced.
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Minor, Dale Michael. "An Evaluation of the completion and Recidivism Rates for a Collaborative Community - College Based Alcohol and Other Drug Offenders Diversion Program." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1188313072.
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Colliander, Karin, and Josefin Lind. "”En kvinnas röst, har den betydelse?” : Signal-Brus-forhallande och psykometriska egenskaper for tal-ibrusmatning med en kvinnorost. - En experimentell studie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68796.
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Cuellar-Giraldo, David. "A SYK-dependent activation of STAT1-IRF1 amplifies the IFN signaling in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-440955.
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Hellberg, Elliot, and Samuel Mellberg. "Hållbar Fastighetsutvecking : En studie om vilken inverkan social och miljömässig hållbarhet har på fastighetsutveckling i privata fastighetsbolag." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45454.
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