Livros: "Harm to others"

1

1960-, Dear Greg E., ed. Preventing suicide and other self-harm in prison. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

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2

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (Ill.). Tobacco, alcohol, & other drugs: How they can harm. Springfield, Ill.]: DHS, [Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants & Children, 2000.

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3

Pāmā. Harum-scarum saar & other stories. New Delhi: Women Unlimited, 2006.

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4

Cook, Paddy Shannon. Alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs may harm the unborn. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1990.

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5

Cook, Paddy Shannon. Alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs may harm the unborn. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1990.

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6

C, Petersen Robert, Moore Dorothy Tuell, Haase Tineke Boddé e United States. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration. Office for Substance Abuse Prevention., eds. Alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs may harm the unborn. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1990.

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7

Brunt, Brian Van. Harm to Others. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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8

Goldstein, Margaret H. Making Decisions That Don't Harm Others. Infinity Publishing, 2003.

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9

Richmond, Tim. Harm to Others: The Richmond Saga 1859. iUniverse, 2003.

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10

Richmond, Tim. Harm to Others: The Richmond Saga 1859. iUniverse, 2003.

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11

Brunt, Brian Van. Harm to Others: The Assessment and Treatment of Dangerousness. American Counseling Association, 2015.

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12

Brunt, Brian Van. Harm to Others: The Assessment and Treatment of Dangerousness. American Counseling Association, 2014.

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13

Brunt, Brian Van. Harm to Others: The Assessment and Treatment of Dangerousness. American Counseling Association, 2014.

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14

Harm to others: The assessment and treatment of dangerousness. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association, 2015.

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15

Harm to Others (Moral Limits for Criminal Law,Vol 1). Oxford University Press, USA, 1987.

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16

Parry, Jonathan. Authority and Harm. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801221.003.0011.

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This paper argues that certain common views about, respectively, the justification of harm and the moral limits of legitimate authority require revision. It defends two main claims. The first concerns agents who are commanded to inflict serious harm on others. It is argued that agents can be morally required to obey such commands, including in (at least some) cases where harming would be morally prohibited in the absence of the command. The argument thus defends a novel ‘authority-based’ justification for harm. The second claim concerns the permissibility of using defensive force against ‘authorized threateners’. It is argued that an agent’s possessing an authority-based justification does not, in itself, raise the justificatory burden on defensively harming them. In doing so, an alternative explanation is provided of why resisting authorized agents is often intuitively impermissible, which holds that authoritative commands can also impose constraints on causing harm, in addition to creating justifications.

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17

Staub, Ervin. Psychology of Good and Evil: Why Children, Adults, and Groups Help and Harm Others. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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18

Staub, Ervin. Psychology of Good and Evil: Why Children, Adults, and Groups Help and Harm Others. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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19

Staub, Ervin. Psychology of Good and Evil: Why Children, Adults, and Groups Help and Harm Others. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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20

Staub, Ervin. Psychology of Good and Evil: Why Children, Adults, and Groups Help and Harm Others. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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21

Staub, Ervin. Psychology of Good and Evil: Why Children, Adults, and Groups Help and Harm Others. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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22

PSYCHOLOGY OF GOOD AND EVIL: WHY CHILDREN, ADULTS, AND GROUPS HELP AND HARM OTHERS. NEW YORK: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2003.

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23

The Psychology of Good and Evil: Why Children, Adults, and Groups Help and Harm Others. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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24

Staub, Ervin. The Psychology of Good and Evil: Why Children, Adults, and Groups Help and Harm Others. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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25

Veatch, Robert M., Amy Haddad e E. J. Last. Benefiting the Patient and Others. Editado por Robert M. Veatch, Amy Haddad e E. J. Last. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190277000.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 begins Part II of the book, a series of chapters dealing with basic ethical principles. This chapter takes up the principles that an action of a pharmacist is morally right insofar as it produces benefit and wrong insofar as it produces harm. The names of these principles are beneficence and nonmaleficence. First, considering benefit to the patient, cases deal with the relation of health to other benefits and whether benefits should be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Then the duties of the pharmacist to benefit society, specific nonpatients, the profession, and the pharmacist’s family are considered. The subject matter of the cases includes antihypertensive medication, high-dose chemotherapy, outdated drugs, health maintenance organization cost saving, and the tension between the pharmacist’s duty to the patient and his or her duty to family.

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26

Boonin, David. Freedom and the (Posthumous) Harm Principle. Editado por David Schmidtz e Carmen E. Pavel. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199989423.013.13.

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The Harm Principle maintains that the only legitimate reason for limiting a person’s freedom is to prevent that person from harming others. The Posthumous Harm Thesis maintains that it is possible for an act to harm a person even if the act takes place after the person is dead. If this is true, then acts that might otherwise appear to be harmless may in fact prove to harm someone, and acts that might otherwise appear to be consistent with the Harm Principle might turn out to violate it. One must therefore consider whether posthumous harm is possible. This chapter sets out a three-premise argument in defense of the Posthumous Harm Thesis, considers some of the objections that have been raised against them, and examines ways to overcome these objections. Its goal is to show that the argument for the Posthumous Harm Thesis is considerably more robust than is often thought.

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27

Ellington, Deborah. 103 Things to Do, Outside of Screaming Profanity, Self-Mutilation and Bodily Harm to Others, While Downloading. WCDI, 2014.

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28

Winston, Kerianne. Everything I Write in This Book Manifests Quickly, Effortlessly, and Without Harm Done to Myself or Others. Independently Published, 2022.

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29

Lloyd, Anthony. The Harms of Work. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529204018.001.0001.

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This book provides a qualitative account of working conditions within the contemporary service economy. As the largest employer in the modern labour market, investigating its realities demonstrates a number of problematic issues. The quest for profitability, efficiency and customer satisfaction drive a number of practices that can be interpreted from a social harm perspective. The use of zero-hours contracts, temporary work agencies, just-in-time management, lean working, and emotional labour, underpinned by targets and performance management reflect the imperatives of capital and the requirement for profitability. In relation to the employees who work in such precarious forms of employment, a number of harms appear. The ‘Victorian’ working conditions noted at individual operators such as Sports Direct are not anomalies but instead represent the normal functioning of the sector. In considering work from a social harm perspective, the book offers a unique contribution to the sociology of work and criminological or social harm studies. The social harm consideration of systemic violence is extended by an ultra-realist perspective that accounts for the symbolic violence of ideology and the problematic subjectivities willing to inflict harm on others. In its conclusions, the book asks for a consideration of the role of ideology and political economy in debates which seek to fix the harms of work.

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30

Vallentyne, Peter. Neurointerventions, Self-Ownership, and Enforcement Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758617.003.0007.

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Individuals who have not intruded, and who do not risk intruding, upon the rights of others, normally are wronged by harmful non-consensual neurointerventions. Nonetheless, this chapter argues that neurointerventions sometimes do not wrong the intervenee; namely, when (1) suitably valid consent has been given by the intervenee, or (2) the intervenee risks non-rightfully intruding upon the rights of others and the intervention is proportionate and necessary for suitably reducing the intrusion-harms she imposes, or (3) the intervenee is not psychologically autonomous and the intervention is in her interests. Moreover, in the second case, it wrongs an individual to impose harmful non-consensual alternatives to neurointerventions (such as incarceration) when they impose greater intrusion-harm on the individual and do not achieve a greater reduction in the relevant intrusion-harm she imposes.

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31

Cavanaugh, T. A. Hippocrates' Oath and Asclepius' Snake. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190673673.001.0001.

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Hippocrates’ Oath and Asclepius’ Snake: The Birth of the Medical Profession articulates the Oath as establishing the medical profession—a practice incorporating an internal, uniquely medical ethic that particularly prohibits doctors from killing. In its most basic and least controvertible form, this ethic mandates that physicians try to help while not trying to harm the sick. Relying on Greek myth, drama, and medical experience (e.g., homeopathy), the book shows how this medical code arises from reflection on the most vexing medical-ethical problem: iatrogenic harm, injury caused by a physician. The book argues that deliberate iatrogenic harm—especially the harm of a doctor choosing to kill (physician-assisted suicide, euthanasia, abortion, and involvement in capital punishment)—amounts to an abandonment of medicine as an exclusively therapeutic profession. Since electively killing a patient always injures (even when done at the patient’s request), the Oath excludes killing (along with other salient harms such as sexual exploitation and the violation of patient confidentiality) from medicine as a profession. The work argues that medicine as a profession necessarily involves stating before others what one stands for: the goods one seeks and the bads one seeks to avoid on behalf of the sick. The book considers and rejects the view that medicine is purely a technique lacking its own unique internal ethic. It concludes by noting that medical promising (as found in the White Coat Ceremony by which US medical students matriculate) implicates medical autonomy, which merits respect, including the honoring of professional conscientious objection.

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32

Werth, James L. The Duty to Protect. Editado por Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.38.

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The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with an introduction to the issue of theduty to protectas it applies to situations involving clients who may pose a potential harm to others or possible harm to themselves. Two famous court cases are used to introduce the material. In addition to reviewing basic legal, regulatory, and ethical principles, the chapter contains information on standard and atypical kinds of duty to protect situations, identifies assessment and intervention considerations, and provides resources for more information. After reading the chapter, professionals should have a clearer picture of what to do when faced with clients who may harm themselves or others.

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33

Jenkins, Ryan, Michael Robillard e Bradley Jay Strawser. Editors’ Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495657.003.0001.

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In recent years, the military ethics community has been rent by controversy over the concept of liability to harm. Analysis and application of this concept are necessary to inform our positions about whom it is permissible to target during war. The “traditional” just war understanding holds that war is a special moral context where large-scale, impersonal, intentional killing can be justified and that all and only soldiers are equally liable to be killed. “Revisionist” scholars have scrutinized the conditions for a soldier’s liability and the relationship between it and the justice of her cause. These scholars have offered compelling arguments that some soldiers are more liable to harm than others, that some civilians could be liable to harm, and that some soldiers are not liable to harm at all. This introduction summarizes recent work on liability to harm and how it relates to the chapters in this volume.

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34

Hubbard, Elbert. Love, Life & Work: Being a Book of Opinions, Reasonably Good-Natvred, Concerning How to Attain the Highest Happiness for One's Self with the Least Possible Harm to Others. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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35

Hubbard, Elbert. Love, Life & Work: Being a Book of Opinions, Reasonably Good-Natvred, Concerning How to Attain the Highest Happiness for One's Self with the Least Possible Harm to Others. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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36

Hubbard, Elbert. Love, Life & Work: Being a Book of Opinions, Reasonably Good-Natvred, Concerning How to Attain the Highest Happiness for One's Self with the Least Possible Harm to Others. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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37

Hubbard, Elbert. Love, Life & Work: Being a Book of Opinions, Reasonably Good-Natvred, Concerning How to Attain the Highest Happiness for One's Self with the Least Possible Harm to Others. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.

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38

Hubbard, Elbert. Love Life & Work: Being a Book of Opinions Reasonably Good-Natured Concerning How to Attain the Highest Happiness for One's Self with the Least Possible Harm to Others. Pinnacle Press, 2017.

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39

Elbert, Hubbard. Love, Life & Work Being a Book of Opinions Reasonably Good-Natured Concerning How to Attain the Highest Happiness for One's Self with the Least Possible Harm to Others. Hard Press, 2006.

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40

Discharge from hospital and the continuing care in the community of people with a mental disorder who could represent a risk of serious physical harm to themselves or others. [Belfast: Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004.

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41

Quelch, John A., e Margaret L. Rodriguez. Fresno’s Social Impact Bond for Asthma. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190235123.003.0017.

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Public health officials are constantly challenged by pressure to accept new product markets that may benefit some consumers but may harm others. How are these trade-offs to be evaluated? Both E-cigarettes and the marketing of recreational marijuana are cases in point. Other innovations, such as social impact bonds, may help in stretching public health dollars and improving overall impact.

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42

Quelch, John A., e Margaret L. Rodriguez. E-Cigarettes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190235123.003.0018.

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Public health officials are constantly challenged by pressure to accept new product markets that may benefit some consumers but may harm others. How are these trade-offs to be evaluated? Both E-cigarettes and the marketing of recreational marijuana are cases in point. Other innovations, such as social impact bonds, may help in stretching public health dollars and improving overall impact.

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43

Thornton, Fanny. Corrective Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824817.003.0005.

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One of two chapters to examine corrective justice. The chapter explores whether, from a ‘pure’ corrective justice perspective it is possible to construct climate change–related people movement in terms of a corrective justice infringement and, if so, whether international law could provide remedies. The chapter shows that a ‘pure’ corrective justice claim may be very difficult to assemble: Are there bearers of harm, loss, or damage? Is there a perpetrator (or even several) causally linked to harm, loss, or damage experienced by others? Is the harm, loss, or damage experienced in people movement scenarios remediable? The chapter shows that answering these questions in the affirmative presents significant challenges. Furthermore, opportunities under international law to respond to people movement scenarios from the perspective of ‘pure’ corrective justice are severely curtailed.

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44

Oberdiek, John. The Moral Significance of Risking. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594054.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 explores the moral significance of risking. What is it about imposing risk upon others that matters morally? This is a live and vexing question in large part because the concept of imposing risk owes its place in our conceptual scheme to our epistemic bounds. The chapter argues against the view that risk inherits what moral significance it has from the harm that any risk imposition risks. It argues instead that risk impositions as such bear moral significance because they can have a negative impact on people’s lives and thus constitute harms, though not material harms. For imposing risk can diminish the autonomy of those subject to the risk, and this diminution in autonomy constitutes a setback to wellbeing. It does not follow that imposing risk is therefore wrong. Rather, that imposing risk can diminish autonomy shows why imposing risk is morally significant and therefore calls for moral justification.

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45

Quong, Jonathan. The Morality of Defensive Force. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851103.001.0001.

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This book provides an account of the central moral principles that regulate the permissible use of defensive force. The book argues that we cannot understand the morality of defensive force until we ask and answer deeper questions about how the use of defensive force fits with a more general account of justice and moral rights. In developing this view the book offers original accounts of liability, proportionality, and necessity. It also argues, contra the dominant view in the literature, that self-defence can sometimes be justified on the basis of an agent-relative prerogative to give greater weight to one’s own life and interests. The book also provides a novel conception of individual rights against harm. Unlike some, who believe that our rights against harm are fact-relative, Quong argues that our rights against being harmed by others must, in certain respects, be sensitive to the evidence that others can reasonably be expected to possess. The final chapter provides an extended defence of the means principle, a principle that prohibits harmfully using other persons’ bodies or other rightful property unless those persons are duty bound to permit this use or have otherwise waived their claims against such use.

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46

DeSombre, Elizabeth R. Problem Characteristics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636272.003.0002.

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Problem characteristics and social structures make environmental problems easy to create and difficult to address. Environmental problems are externalities—unintended consequences of other goals and activities people pursue. Because people don’t individually experience much, if any, of the harm they create (which is likely to affect others distant in time and space), it is difficult and costly for them to prioritize avoiding it. Collective action, necessary to make a difference environmentally, is difficult. These characteristics of environmental issues themselves are embedded in broader social structures—infrastructure and economic choices we do not directly or immediately control. These problem aspects suggest strategies: people are happy to accomplish their goals in a way that does not harm the environment if it can be made convenient for them to do so. In some cases aspects of an issue’s characteristics, or even social structures, can be changed.

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47

Lockwood, Dana, Houri Parsi, Wendy Packman e Bruce Bongar. Legal and Ethical Risk Management with Behavioral Emergencies. Editado por Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.39.

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Working with patients presenting with serious harm to themselves or others is an experience many mental health professionals will have during their careers. The possibility of working with this population might cause some apprehension for treatment providers because of the patient and professional risks involved. In this chapter we review the applicable legal theories of professional negligence and focus on the potential legal and professional ramifications that occur when mental health professionals do not rise to the applicable standard of care when working with suicidal or aggressive patients. Additionally, this chapter provides an outline of the legally imposed duties that treatment providers have to their patients so as to promote effective and ethical treatment of those presenting with the possibility of serious harm to themselves and others.

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48

Wilson, Bart J. Becoming Just by Eliminating Injustice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631741.003.0004.

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This chapter explores how property emerges as a moral convention. Several laboratory experiments on property in its nascence are used to understand this process. A key feature of these economics experiments is that the participants can chat in real time with one another regarding their activities. These candid conversations in the heat of the moment make up the data by which I explain how anonymous strangers in a group become just by mutually respecting what is mine and what is thine. The dialogue also illustrates what it means for someone to be unjust, namely, inflicting real and positive harm on others. As a window into the minds of the participants, the language further supports Adam Smith’s claim that the resentment of harm undergirds our moral sense of property. We become just in terms of respecting the boundaries of property through the fellow feeling of the ill desert of harm.

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49

Szmukler, George. The conventional grounds for involuntary treatment are highly problematic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198801047.003.0003.

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Substantial problems attach to both of the fundamental criteria that need to be met for involuntary treatment in conventional mental health legislation—the presence of a ‘mental disorder’ and a risk of harm to self or others. The boundaries of ‘mental disorder’ are of necessity loosely drawn, with substantial blurring at the edges and contested views about where these should lie. ‘Values’—for example, when does ‘sadness’ become a ‘depressive illness’—play a significant role in determining when a diagnosis of a ‘disorder’ is warranted. Precision in the assessment of ‘risk’ is poor, especially for those infrequent or rare harms that we are most concerned to prevent. In general psychiatric practice, the prediction of suicide or serious acts of violence to others is of severely limited value. Even with ‘state-of-the-art’ risk assessment measures, ‘false positives’ overwhelm ‘true positives’. Significant costs attach to an emphasis on risk assessment.

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50

Honey, P. Lynne. The Element of Surprise. Editado por Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.42.

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The Dark Triad of personality (subclinical psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism) is associated with exploitative behavior. Although people with these traits may be perceived negatively, they often compete successfully for mates, resources, and power. Research on the Dark Triad highlights its utility for men and downplays the smaller, but still meaningful, samples of women with dark personalities. This chapter summarizes evidence about women’s antisocial behaviors and traits, and hypothesizes that we underestimate women’s ability to deceive and harm others. Women exploit others, and yet our expectations about women tend to be positive and women are generally viewed as nonthreatening. When women cause harm, it is often minimized, and women are held typically less responsible for their actions. Female criminals may have an advantage because their behavior is unexpected. This chapter outlines benefits for underestimated women and proposes additional research to clarify whether the Dark Triad is differentially adaptive for women.

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Livros sobre o tema "Harm to others"

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