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1
Muirhead, John J. "The morphological characterisation of grains and grain boundaries". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2001. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20099/.
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It is well reported that the grain size of polycrystalline materials is important in determining mechanical properties. Within this thesis investigations are reported from an inter-comparison of grain size methods, the impact of an incomplete network of grain boundaries after chemical etching (missing boundaries) on grain size measurements and finally the relationship between grain size and the misorientation of grains. The experimental techniques used are manual grain size measurement methods, automatic image analysis and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). The materials used are a ferritic, single phased, equi-axed steel (mild steel) and a ferrite/pearlite steel. The relative simplicity of the mild steel microstructure effectively removes complicating factors such as multi-phases or grain elongation allowing a more focused investigation into grain size methods. The ferrite/pearlite steel can be found more readily in industrial applications where impact toughness is an important property. Manual measurement methods and automatic image analysis are used for the inter-comparison of grain size methods. The manual methods are described in the standard ASTM E112, and are the lineal, planimetric, single circle and three circle methods. It is shown that there is a difference across the methods in the number of measurements required to obtain a specified accuracy. Also that sampling is critical to ensure that the measurements made are representative of the microstructure in that it is more important to measure more specimens than more fields of view within one specimen or many grains within one field of view. Automatic image analysis can provide a substantial database and thus is a useful grain sizing method. It is demonstrated that the number of pixels in a digital image forming a grain boundary, determined by the pixel resolution, will influence the measurements. Also from using digital images a specific number of grain boundaries are removed thus artificially creating missing boundaries making their impact on grain size measurements quantifiable. Manual and automatic measurements are conducted and it is shown that the mean grain size is relatively less affected by missing boundaries than might be perceived from a visual inspection. An EBSD map provides a complete network of grain boundaries since a boundary is formed from the orientation of one grain to another (misorientation), compared to standard metallographic techniques, e.g. chemical etching. EBSD maps are compared with optical images of the same fields of view and missing boundaries are then located. From this it is shown that there is a significant difference between two operators in determining the location of boundaries. EBSD is also used to investigate the correlation between the location of missing boundaries and the misorientation of the grains at that boundary and shows a trend of higher misorientation for boundaries not chemically etched up. The final section of this thesis is concerned with the relationship between the misorientation of small/small, small/large and large/large grains and the size of grains of the ferrite phase from the ferrite/pearlite steel. EBSD maps provide the misorientation data and are also used for grain sizing conducted on the automatic image analysis system. From the misorientation data the boundaries can be categorised as low or high angle and it is found that there are more low angle boundaries between small/small grains and small/large grains than between large/large grains.
2
Ottman, Michael J., Michael D. Sheedy e Richard W. Ward. "Clipping small grains to increase subsequent grain yield". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625423.
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6 pp.Wheat is commonly grown as a dual purpose crop especially in the Southern Great Plains where the forage is grazed then allowed to mature into a grain crop. In Arizona, clipping a crop planted in October may increase tillering and grain yield. A trial was conducted at the Maricopa Ag Center where various small grain varieties were planted on October 12, 2015, cut for forage on January 10, 2016, and allowed to go to grain and compared with the same varieties planted on December 3, 2016 and not cut for forage. No differences in grain yield due to planting date and clipping were detected. However, the October 12 planting with clipping had larger kernels, greater grain protein, and higher stem density. The income from the sale of the forage was $99/acre based a yield of 2639 lb/acre and a forage value of $75/ton. The added cost per acre to produce this forage included $29 for water (6.27 inches of water at $55/acre-ft) plus $34 for fertilizer (50 lb N/acre of urea at $433/ton). Therefore, even though grain yield was not increased by planting early and clipping, a net increase in revenue of $36/acre was realized from the sale of the forage.
3
Myers, Randall T. (Randall Todd) 1972. "Grains and grain boundaries in lamellar styrene--butadiene block copolymers". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85277.
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4
Michaels, Joshua O. "Cross Grain". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1407406914.
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5
Annis, Margaret Catherine, e n/a. "Extending stored grain research and technology to grain farmers". University of Canberra. Education, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060602.115607.
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This thesis is concerned with an investigation into current on-farm grain storage
practice and with ascertaining what educational interventions, if any, are appropriate
for future and more detailed consideration. The Australian grain growing, handling,
and marketing industry has changed in recent times. A few years ago (1989), the grain
growers only essential contact with grain marketing was through the bulk handling
authorities and the Australian Wheat Board. Advice was freely available from state
departments of agriculture, and the only requirement to store grain on-farm was that
necessary for the grower's own needs.
Now (1994), there is a possible advantage that grain stored on-farm may be used for a
wide range of selling options, amongst other reasons, and market requirements are
much more complex and stringent. There is a substantial body of research on grain
storage techniques. At the same time there is a significant gap between researched
knowledge and the use of this knowledge for on-farm storage. A major purpose of this
study is to identify an improved approach to extension and farmer education that may
help to reduce this gap.
This thesis contains a review of the general literature on extension followed by an
overview of extension in the developed world to establish the international context for
Australia. Then the historical context of extension is examined briefly to understand
the current situation in each state. Some educational models are reviewed to identify
relationships between stakeholders and the opportunities available for and constraints
to development of educational strategies. Information channels are reviewed to
comprehend extension interaction and grain storage technologies are reviewed to
ensure comprehension of techniques.
On the basis of the literature review a field study was designed to investigate current
on-farm storage practice, current extension sources for storage information and
preferences for future educational interventions. This was done by a survey using a
stratified random sample of grain growers and cluster selection of individuals for
personal interviews. This information was complemented by informal discussion with
farmers at field days.
The results of the study confirmed the gap between research knowledge and on-farm
implementation of this knowledge. They also demonstrated that grain growers wanted
more information and gave some indicators of how this might be achieved. Major
findings of the research included the need for extension coalitions and the desirability
for active involvement of the grain grower.
Major conclusions, for on-farm storage and extension, are drawn to form a basis for
development of future extension interventions. These are aimed at ensuring grain
growers have available the information needed for good storage practice. This includes
an essential understanding the grain growers' needs and perceptions, early, in any
planning process. It also includes the necessity for coordination of extension/education
activities at local, regional and national levels.
The research has some major implications for an improved approach to extension and
on-farm storage. These include the establishment of a farmers-as-researcher program to
implement grain storage innovations and the recognition that implemented change will
need long term maintenance; often more resource intensive than the original
intervention.
6
Zhang, Qinghong. "SINTERING BEHAVIOR AND PROPERTIES STUDY IN STOICHIOMETRIC BLENDING BaTiOs". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin971278607.
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7
Mohd-Ali, B. B. "Computer mapping of grain structures in grain-oriented silicon-iron". Thesis, Bucks New University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373598.
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Sullwald, Wichard. "Grain regression analysis". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86526.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Grain regression analysis forms an essential part of solid rocket motor simulation. In this thesis a numerical grain regression analysis module is developed as an alternative to cumbersome and time consuming analytical methods. The surface regression is performed by the level-set method, a numerical interface advancement scheme. A novel approach to the integration of the surface area and volume of a numerical interface, as defined implicitly in a level-set framework, by means of Monte-Carlo integration is proposed. The grain regression module is directly coupled to a quasi -1D internal ballistics solver in an on-line fashion, in order to take into account the effects of spatially varying burn rate distributions. A multi-timescale approach is proposed for the direct coupling of the two solvers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gryn regressie analise vorm ’n integrale deel van soliede vuurpylmotor simulasie. In hierdie tesis word ’n numeriese gryn regressie analise model, as ’n alternatief tot dikwels omslagtige en tydrowende analitiese metodes, ontwikkel. Die oppervlak regressie word deur die vlak-set metode, ’n numeriese koppelvlak beweging skema uitgevoer. ’n Nuwe benadering tot die integrasie van die buite-oppervlakte en volume van ’n implisiete numeriese koppelvlak in ’n vlakset raamwerk, deur middel van Monte Carlo-integrasie word voorgestel. Die gryn regressie model word direk en aanlyn aan ’n kwasi-1D interne ballistiek model gekoppel, ten einde die uitwerking van ruimtelik-wisselende brand-koers in ag te neem. ’n Multi-tydskaal benadering word voorgestel vir die direkte koppeling van die twee modelle.
9
Gregory, George T. Jr. "Against the Grain". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313429398.
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Ottman, Michael J. "Wheat and Barley Varieties for Arizona 2013". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305109.
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Ottman, Michael. "Wheat and Barley Varieties for Arizona 2010". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147013.
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Ottman, Michael J. "Wheat and Barley Varieties for Arizona 2011". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/225875.
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Ottman, Michael J. "Wheat and Barley Varieties for Arizona 2012". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/248911.
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Sousek, Nicholas D. "Enhancing grain marketing decisions: farm breakeven analysis and grain sales management". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35770.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Daniel M. O'Brien
In recent years, the price volatility in agricultural commodity prices, as well as agricultural input costs, has drastically increased. Today’s famer is faced with difficult decisions concerning when to market their crop, as well as when to secure various inputs. An increase in information availability, coupled with increasing price fluctuations, can make these decisions even more difficult for producers. Although seasonal trends, forecasts, and technical market analysis can be helpful, market efficiency prevents accurate prediction of agricultural prices. Because marketing decisions can be difficult to make, the easiest decision for a producer to make is to not make one at all. However, failure to make sound risk management decisions can be extremely costly to a producer. There are two primary factors that impact a producer’s bottom line: cost of production and grain marketing decisions. Each producer has their own unique cost of production that changes throughout the year. Variable input costs can be volatile within a single growing year, and often the need for certain inputs changes. Marketing decisions and timing can be an even bigger factor in a producer’s gain or loss. Since price prediction is impossible, a producer’s time may be better spent focusing on information they can control. The purpose of this thesis was to test and evaluate a cost of production, crop insurance, and grain marketing calculator with a group of corn and soybean producers in Southeast Nebraska. It is hypothesized that providing customers with a multifaceted, integrated farm management and marketing decision making tool should help them be able to make more profitable risk management and marketing decisions. By knowing how factors as changing expenses impact cost of production and how grain sales impact revenues and profitability per acre, it is hypothesized that users will make more profitable farm management and marketing decisions. In October and November of 2014, twenty corn and soybean farmers were presented with the Grain Marketing Calculator. Grain sales in the 2014 and 2015 crop years were to be entered into the calculator by participating producers as they make their grain sales. Annual production history (APH), revenue protection insurance information, actual or expected yields, and total acres of each crop were entered into the calculator during the initial producer calculator rollout. Generalized costs were entered into the calculator prior to the producer rollouts. Participants were able to change the generalized costs to their actual costs if they chose to do so. Data were gathered from the participants using the Grain Marketing Calculator in March of 2015. Participants weighted average futures sales, weighted average cash sales, percent of APH sold, and percent of total production sold were collected. In March of 2015, the same information from another group of producers who did not use the Grain Marketing Calculator was collected. The two groups average results were compared to each other and regression analyses were done to determine statistical significance of the impact on the test groups’ results. At the end of the experiment, feedback was gathered from participants and improvements were suggested.
15
Randle, V. "Interactions between grain boundaries and precipitates in Nimonic PE16 during grain growth". Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373599.
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Wannamaker, Robert Alexander. "Grain : for 17 instruments /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3236636.
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Isaac, Stephen Paul. "Grain boundary perovskite devices". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604963.
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The perovskite family has many novel features including, in certain compounds, either high temperature superconductivity or colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). The electrical and magnetic properties of grain boundaries in these materials also have their own unique properties. These distinct characteristics can be exploited to make devices with a range of potential applications. In this thesis, two types of devices are presented. Superconducting grain boundaries have been studied extensively and can form Jospehson junctions. The grain boundaries have a reduced supercurrent but a substantially enhanced sensitivity to magnetic fields relative to the bulk material. As current in nearby control loops can generate magnetic flux in the grain boundary, Josephson vortex flow transistors can be made. The properties of one type of this device are presented as a function its shape and relative dimensions. Tapering the junction width is shown to produce a substantial current gain over a significant field range. These devices can be used as current based logic gates. In 1995, reports of the low magnetic field response in polycrystalline films of the CMR manganites were published. These low-field effects were attributed to the grain boundaries present in the granular materials. To isolate and maximise this response, a Wheatstone bridge structure has been patterned into various bicrystal CMR films. The properties of the grain boundaries are reported as a function of temperature, the magnitude and orientation of the magnetic field, and also as a function of the grain boundary angle. CMR grain boundaries may replace the giant magnetoresistive read heads which are the current state of the art in magnetic read head technology. The possibility of a common transport mechanism in these two types of materials has been explored and several similarities have been found to exist.
18
Mirsky, Ethan A. (Ethan Avram). "Coarse-grain reconfigurable computing". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10893.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-161).
by Ethan A. Mirsky.
M.Eng.
19
Johnson, Oliver Kent. "Grain boundary network design". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98740.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 117-133).
Grain boundaries in polycrystals form a complex interconnected network of intercrystalline interfaces. The crystallographic character of individual grain boundaries and the network structure of the grain boundary ensemble have been experimentally observed to have a strong influence on many materials properties. This observation suggests that if we could control the types of grain boundaries present in a polycrystal and their spatial arrangement then it would be possible to dramatically improve the properties of polycrystalline materials and tailor them to specific engineering applications. However, there are a number of major obstacles that have, until now, precluded the realization of this opportunity: (1) methods capable of simultaneously quantifying the crystallographic and topological structure of grain boundary networks do not exist; (2) theoretical models relating grain boundary network structure to physical properties have not yet been developed; and, consequently, (3) there are no techniques to quantitatively identify grain boundary network structures that would be beneficial for a given property. In this thesis I address these obstacles by first developing a new statistical description of grain boundary network structure called the triple junction distribution function (TJDF), which encodes both crystallographic and topological information. I establish new results regarding the physical symmetries of triple junctions and find a relationship between crystallographic texture and grain boundary network structure. I then use the TJDF to develop a model for the effective diffusivity of a grain boundary network. Finally, using the relationship between texture and grain boundary network structure that I develop, I describe a method for texture-mediated grain boundary network design. This process permits the theoretical design of grain boundary networks with properties tailored to a given engineering application and is applicable to any polycrystalline material. I demonstrate the potential of this technique by application to a specific design problem involving competing design objectives for mechanical and kinetic materials properties. The result is a designed microstructure that is predicted to outperform an isotropic polycrystal by seven orders of magnitude.
by Oliver Kent Johnson.
Ph. D.
20
Wagner, Christopher. "Comparative grain storage analysis". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35752.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Brian C. Briggeman
Grain Elevators have towered the plains of Southwest Kansas for over the last half of a century. Many of these large white concrete structures were built during the 1950s using a slip form concrete design. While new grain storage has been built over time, many of the original slip form structures remain a large part of the farm cooperatives storage capacity. Grain production has continued to increase and put greater demand on storage facilities and handling capabilities. Thus, there is a need for cooperatives to meet the future demands of farmers by replacing or updating grain storage assets. The objective of this project is to provide a comparative analysis of grain storage options that a cooperative, primarily the Garden City Co-op, Inc. (GCC), could utilize in making a decision to update or replace grain storage assets. The project examines three different options for grain storage including concrete, steel, and bunker storage. The project will also examine extending the life of an original slip form elevator by installing a gunite bin liner. To determine which option that provides the most economic benefit to GCC and its members, Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return are estimated for each grain storage option. GCC historical grain handling margins and grain storage costs were derived from historical averages and bids from projects GCC has undertaken in the past five years, respectively. The model assumes receipts as a percentage of storage to accurately represent bushels handled by a facility. Grain storage is highly variable in initial cost and the operational needs will change in every circumstance. The results indicate that a large volume of grain is needed before economic profits will be realized.
21
Lee, Young. "Grain refinement of magnesium /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16885.pdf.
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Frandsen, Dallin James. "Heterogeneous Templated Grain Growth". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7336.
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Heterogeneous Templated Grain Growth (HTGG) is a developing method to fabricate designedcrystallographic textures of polycrystalline materials. Designed crystallographic texturesare important for enhancing desired material properties for specific applications. Four steps toHTGG have been identified: fabricating single crystal seeds, aligning seeds embedded into a powdermatrix, compacting seeds in the powder matrix, and promoting templating through sintering.Experimental research was performed on processing parameters, powder particle size and compaction,to indicate template coarsening trends during sintering. The results demonstrated thatlarger powder particles were influenced faster by the seed<'>s crystallographic orientations comparedto smaller particles. The local effects of porosity on the seed and powder interface were analyzedand this powder size effect was explained in the context of the theory of Zener pinning.
23
Dejene, Mashilla. "Grain storage methods and their effects on Sorghum grain quality in Hararghe, Ethiopia /". Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Production Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a454.pdf.
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Sukumaran, Sivakumar. "Genomic mapping for grain yield, stay green, and grain quality traits in sorghum". Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15084.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Agronomy
Jianming Yu
Knowledge of the genetic bases of grain quality traits will complement plant breeding efforts to improve the end use value of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The objective of the first experiment was to assess marker-trait associations for 10 grain quality traits through candidate gene association mapping on a diverse panel of 300 sorghum accessions. The 10 grain quality traits were measured using the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The analysis of the accessions through 1,290 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) separated the panel into five subpopulations that corresponded to three major sorghum races (durra, kafir, and caudatum), one intermediate race (guinea-caudatum), and one working group (zerazera/caudatum). Association analysis between 333 SNPs in candidate genes/loci and grain quality traits resulted in eight significant marker-trait associations. A SNP in starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene was associated with kernel hardness (KH) with a likelihood ratio–based R[superscript]2 (R[subscript]L[subscript]R[superscript]2) value of 0.08. SNPs in starch synthase (SSIIb) gene (R[subscript]L[subscript]R[superscript]2 = 0.10) and loci pSB1120 (R[subscript]L[subscript]R[superscript]2 = 0.09) was associated with starch content. Sorghum is a crop well adapted to the semi arid regions of the world and my harbor genes for drought tolerance. The objective of second experiment was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield potential and drought tolerance. From a cross between Tx436 (food grain type) and 00MN7645 (drought tolerant) 248 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed. Multi-location trials were conducted in 8 environments to evaluate agronomic performance of the RILs under favorable and drought stress conditions. The 248 RILs and their parents were genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). A subset of 800 SNPs was used for linkage map construction and QTL detection. Composite interval mapping identified a major QTLs for grain yield in chromosome 8 and QTL for flowering time in chromosome 9 under favorable conditions. Three major QTLs were detected for grain yield in chromosomes 1, 6, and 8 and two flowering time QTLs on chromosome 1 under drought conditions. Six QTLs were identified for stay green: two on chromosome 4; one each on chromosome 5, 6, 7, and 10 under drought conditions.
25
Maluleke, Ikageng Martha. "Grain planting progress report : the potential benefits for the South African grain industry". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60832.
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The grain and oil seed industry plays a major role in the South African economy; therefore, having access to market information is vital for this market to remain efficient and competitive. A shortage in market information causes many inefficiencies and uncertainties. Having market information allows the playing field to be level for all role players and reduces opportunities for manipulating prices. South Africa, just like most developing countries, needs to strengthen information flows, as well as institutions governing the grain and oil seed industry. In view of the major grain producing countries in the world and the amount of money and effort spent on releasing planting progress reports, the South Africa grain and oilseed sector should to take heed.
This paper considers the importance of market information and how the South African grain and oil seed industry can benefit from that, grain planting progress reports are considered to be of importance as they fill a significant gap in the production season. Taking an institutional perspective into the economics of information, the study found that actors having little financial and social resources or political influence faced high costs in accessing information and that this prevents both market development and access to existing ones. The point of discussion is on weak information flows, as well as transaction costs that come with them, and the impact they have on prices and profitability. We therefore use New Institutional Economics to emphasise the importance of information in the market and the impact thereof in the absence of perfect information. The main underlying issue for imperfect information is that the lack of perfect and freely available information leads to risk and uncertainty in transactions.
When trying to analyse the importance of information in the grain and oilseed industry, it was established that accuracy, value and market effect of information for public consumption were important. In particular, information communication technology was examined as a means of information dissemination in agriculture, especially in developing countries like South Africa. The study found that the major grain and oilseed producing countries that generate planting progress reports are the USA, Brazil, Argentina and Australia. The study looked at the methods used by these countries to compile such reports. Although they have varying methodologies, the key point is timely and frequent information which is readily available for public consumption.
After analysing developments and methodologies globally, the focus shifted to South Africa where current information sources in the South African grain and oilseed industry, and the kind of information provided, were analysed. A pilot study was conducted in the summer grain production area of NWK Ltd to gain some insight and experience. The source of communication comprised mobile phones and farmers were able to respond on their progress, as well as receive feedback using the same communication media. Lastly in order to re-emphasis the benefits of a planting progress report, we review the impact of price volatility and how information in the market can help stabilise it.Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
MSc (Agric)
Unrestricted
26
Tirupattur, Viswanath. "Integrated production and marketing risk management for cash grain producers of Virginia's Northern Neck region : a target MOTAD analysis /". This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05092009-040700/.
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Viljoen, Jan Hendrik. "Mycotoxins in grain and grain products in South Africa and proposals for their regulation". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102003-163137.
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Sheedy, M., M. Ottman e T. Ramage. "Small Grain Variety Comparisons at the Maricopa Agriculutral Center, 1989". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201050.
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Sheedy, M., M. Ottman e T. Ramage. "Small Grain Variety Comparisons at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, 1990". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201266.
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Yield trials were conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center during the '89 -90 growing season. Barley, durum and wheat varieties as well as experimental lines from various seed companies were tested for yield performance. Gustoe and two experimental lines, 7024 and PHS84-11, were the highest yielding barley entries. Aldura, Turbo and Aldente were the top yielding durum varieties. 911, Probred and BR5738-1 were the top yielding wheat cultivars.
30
Di, Hua. "Understanding Chinese farmers' grain storage". Thesis, Montana State University, 1999. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/1999/di/DiH1999.pdf.
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China is the largest grain producer and consumer in the world. Since introducing its open-door policy in the 1980's, China has become an increasingly important grain importing country. However, China's wheat imports have varied considerably from year to year. One key issue affecting China's grain imports is its large on-farm grain reserves. This thesis is intended to examine factors significant for China's on-farm grain stocks and shed some additional light on its potential impacts on China's domestic grain markets and grain import activities. The key finding is that Chinese farmers' grain supply is primarily from self-production. The Chinese government decrees that farmers be not eligible to purchase grain from government food agencies that control 70 to 80 percent of the total marketed surplus of grain in China. This policy plus the underdeveloped domestic grain and credit markets leads Chinese farmers to store a considerable amount of grain for consumption. The food- and income-security concern of Chinese farmers is found to be another important factor in Chinese farmers' grain storage decisions. The highly variable weather, a still developing infrastructure, and frequent changes in government grain policies all increase the risk faced by Chinese farmers, thus increase their food- and income-security concerns. This thesis finds that the increasing number of farm family members working off-farm can help reduce the quantity of on-farm grain storage because of the potential remittance from more stable off-farm earnings to the farm home. It is also found that farmers tend to store less as income increases due to changes in absolute risk-aversions of farmers. The last important finding of thesis is that Chinese farmers' grain storage is somewhat price-elastic, in contrast with suggestions by some Chinese economists that China's on-farm grain storage is primarily for food-security concerns and therefore generally price-inelastic. It is also found that additions to farm household grain storage is directly elastic with respect to household grain output.
31
Weigand, Marcus. "Grain boundaries in coated conductors". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226744.
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The excitement which followed the discovery of high-temperature superconductors in 1986 was short-lived, as it became clear that their current carrying capacity (the critical current density Jc) was limited by grain boundaries (GBs). In order to reduce their detrimental effects coated conductors have been developed, in which a superconducting thin film is deposited on a polycrystalline, textured substrate. Within certain temperature and magnetic field ranges, however, GBs still limit the overall Jc. This fact motivated the present thesis, for which the electrical properties of different types of coated conductors, and in particular their GBs, were investigated. Several GBs and a single grain were isolated in a tape produced by metal-organic deposition (MOD), using a novel approach based on electron backscatter diffraction and a focused ion beam microscope. Measurements of their critical current densities for fields swept in the film plane showed the expected decrease with increasing misorientation angle at low fields. At higher fields an angle dependent crossover was found, from a GB to grain limited Jc. In order to confirm this result and put it into broader perspective, the dependence of Jc on the width of polycrystalline tracks was studied, and then explained in terms of the behaviour of the single GBs. Investigations using low-temperature scanning laser microscopy rounded out the picture, which also showed GB dissipation at certain angles and grain limitation at others. In measurements on samples produced by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) characteristic differences compared to the MOD film were found. While both conductors exhibited high values of Jc, the variation with in-plane angle was significantly stronger for the MOCVD conductor, which can be explained by its sharper texture. In a track patterned perpendicular to the tape direction the phenomenon of vicinal channelling was observed, which previously was known only from films on single crystal substrates. Finally, an isolated boundary showed very high values of Jc, consistent with its low misorientation. In order to better understand how the substrate influences the superconducting properties, measurements were carried out on otherwise identical samples grown on different substrates. A tape with grains elongated along its rolling direction showed particularly good properties at all examined field orientations. This extends the previously reported result that high aspect ratios are beneficial at fields applied perpendicular to the tape plane.
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Omar, Ramli. "Grain boundary energies in copper". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98307/.
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The dependence of grain boundary energy on boundary orientation was studied in copper annealed at 1000°C. Grain boundary orientations and the disorientations across the boundaries were measured. A rotation matrix notation is used to interpret selected area electron channelling patterns observed in a scanning electron microscope. The Herring and Shewmon torque terms were investigated using wire specimens having a "bamboo" structure. The Herring torque terms were determined using the Hess relation. The (110) section of the Σ11 γ-plot (i.e. the variation of grain boundary energy with boundary orientation) was evaluated. In this plot, minima in energies were found at the (311) and (332) mirror planes. Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries were investigated in sheet specimens. The (110) and (111) sections of the Σ3 γ-plot were evaluated. In addition to the sharp cusps occurring at the Σ3 (111) planes, the further shallower cusps occur at the incoherent Σ3 boundaries with the interfacial planes approximately parallel to {322} in one crystal and {11.44} in the other crystal. Flat and curved Σ9 boundaries were investigated. The break up of Σ9 boundaries into two Σ3 boundaries and the relation between the Σ3 and Σ9 γ-plots was also examined. The (110) section of the Σ9 γ-plot was constructed.
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Heiman, Ross D. "Analyses of organic grain prices". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/176.
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Cookman, Drew John. "Protein extraction from distiller's grain". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Säll, Harald. "Spiral Grain in Norway Spruce". Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för teknik och design, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-538.
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Wood is a major construction material that is used in many contexts, and for different purposes. Serious problems may arise, however, when moisture related deformations as twist occur in wood used in different types of building structures, joinery and furniture. Twist can be explained to a great degree by the helical deviation of the grain angle in relation to the longitudinal direction of the log or the sawn board. Wood fibres form a spiral within the tree, and this is a natural occurrence that is named spiral grain. The wood fibres close to the pith in Norway spruce form a left-handed spiral. In most trees the grain angle turns over to be right-handed with time. Sawn timber that exhibits large grain angles lead to problems of shape stability and stiffness in finished constructions. In this thesis the spiral grain in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was stated as well as the effect on sawn timber. The material was based on sample trees from Sweden and Finland. Samples were taken in twenty-two stands at different heights in tree. From six stands studs were sawn and dried for measuring twist and other deformations. The spiral grain was measured with the method scribe test on 390 log discs taken at the top-end of the logs. Account was given concerning changes in grain angle from pith to bark, regarding both increasing annual ring numbers and distance from pith. The development of grain angle over tree age was utilized to study whether annual growth, size of tree, height in tree as well as silvicultural treatments affected spiral grain. Moreover, the relation between grain angle and distance to pith (in mm) was used to forecast twist in sawn timber. The left-handed grain angle was at its greatest between the fourth and eighth annual rings. Thereafter for most trees the grain angle turned from left-handed to right-handed in a linear fashion, in a manner that was unique for each individual tree. The pattern of spiral grain differed significantly between different stands, regarding change of inclination with increasing age or distance from pith. The culmination of the grain angle close to the pith occurred at somewhat higher age higher up in the trunk. The grain angle decreased faster in top logs than it did in the butt logs. The largest trees within a stand had a grain angle that turned to right in a slower way than smaller ones. The thinning strength and type of thinning regime also affected the character of spiral grain in the remaining trees in a stand. There was an indication that strong thinnings, where fast growing trees are retained, may lead to more individuals in a stand that exhibit high grain angles under bark. With knowledge of the size and direction of the grain angle under bark, and the diameter of the log, calculations can be made that show how twisted the sawn timber will be after drying. This can be used for deciding whether an individual log can profitably be sawn and processed further or not. The grain angle under bark can be used to remove trees showing the greatest degree of spiral grain already in the first thinning. Silvicultural methods aiming at even and dense Norway spruce stands, which normally is practised in Scandinavia, will probably result in timber with relatively low risk concerning large grain angle and subsequent risk for twist in sawn wood.
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Kamal, Humaira. "FG-MPI : Fine-Grain MPI". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44668.
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The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is widely used to write sophisticated parallel applications
ranging from cognitive computing to weather predictions and is almost universally
adopted for High Performance Computing (HPC).
Many popular MPI implementations bind MPI processes to OS-processes. This runtime
model has closely matched single or multi-processor compute clusters. Since 2008, however,
clusters of multicore nodes have been the predominant architecture for HPC, with the
opportunity for parallelism inside one compute node. There are a number of popular parallel
programming languages for multicore that use message passing. One notable difference
between MPI and these languages is the granularity of the MPI processes. Processes written
using MPI tend to be coarse-grained and designed to match the number of processes to the
available hardware, rather than the program structure. Binding MPI processes to OS-processes
fails to take full advantage of the finer-grain parallelism available on today's
multicore systems. Our goal was to take advantage of the type of runtime systems used by
fine-grain languages and integrate that into MPI to obtain the best of these programming
models; the ability to have fine-grain parallelism, while maintaining MPI's rich support for
communication inside clusters.
Fine-Grain MPI (FG-MPI) is a system that extends the execution model of MPI to
include interleaved concurrency through integration into the MPI middleware. FG-MPI
is integrated into the MPICH2 middleware, which is an open source, production-quality
implementation of MPI. The FG-MPI runtime uses coroutines to implement light-weight MPI processes that are non-preemptively scheduled by its MPI-aware scheduler. The use of
coroutines enables fast context-switching time and low communication and synchronization
overhead. FG-MPI enables expression of finer-grain function-level parallelism, which allows
for flexible process mapping, scalability, and can lead to better program performance.
We have demonstrated FG-MPI's ability to scale to over a 100 million MPI processes
on a large cluster of 6,480 cores. This is the first time any system has executed such a large
number of MPI processes, and this capability will be useful in exploring scalability issues of
the MPI middleware as systems move towards compute clusters with millions of processor
cores.
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Kamis, Ahmed Samy A. Elzaher. "Analyses of gravity grain flows". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74359.
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This investigation consists of two separate parts. In the first part the subaqueous flow of a cloud of coarse particles down an inclined bed was investigated experimentally and theoretically. This work is relevant to the mechanics of transportation of ocean bed sediment in the form of submarine grain flows. It was found experimentally that after an initial growth period, the cloud collapsed as a result of sedimentation. A theoretical analysis for the development of a two-dimensional cloud was derived based upon the overall conservation equations; the sediment mass balance equation, the ambient fluid entrainment equation and the linear momentum equation along the bed.The second part of the thesis is a study of the flow and spreading of a finite mass of dry cohesionless granular material released from rest on rough inclines. Firstly, a two-dimensional depth-averaged model which describes both the longitudinal and the lateral spreading during flow down a rough inclined plane was developed. From the results of the numerical studies, it was concluded that the lateral spreading is insignificant relative to the longitudinal spreading. Therefore, a depth-averaged model which describes the one-dimensional longitudinal spreading down rough, curved beds was developed. It was concluded that the traveling distance and velocity of the center of mass of a rock pile can be approximately predicted by a simple analysis of a point mass sliding down the same incline. The long runout distance of the leading edge of the slide debris can result from extreme spreading of the pile as it accelerates down the slope after initial release.
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Lirenso, Alemayehu. "Grain marketing reform in Ethiopia". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357960.
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Grant, E. M. "Texture development during grain growth". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373676.
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Kershner, Kellan Scott. "Herbicide resistance in grain sorghum". Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13069.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Agronomy
Kassim Al-Khatib
Mitchell R. Tuinstra
Sorghum acreage is declining throughout the United States because management options and yield have not maintained pace with maize improvements. The most extreme difference has been the absence of herbicide technology development for sorghum over the past twenty years. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of resistance, type of inheritance, and causal mutation of wild sorghums that are resistant to either acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides or acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides. ACCase-inhibiting herbicides used in this study were aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) family members fluazifop-P and quizalofop-P along with cyclohexanedione (CHD) family members clethodim and sethoxydim. The level of resistance was very high for APP herbicides but low to nonexistent to CHD herbicides. With genetic resistance to APP herbicides, the resistance factors, the ratio of resistance to susceptible, were greater than 54 to 64 for homozygous individuals and greater than 9 to 20 for heterozygous individuals. Resistance to CHD herbicides was very low with resistance factors ranging from one to about five. Genetic segregation studies indicate a single gene is the cause of resistance to APP herbicides. Sequencing identified a single mutation that results in cysteine replacing tryptophan (Trp-2027-Cys). Trp-2027-Cys has previously been reported to provide resistance to APP but not CHD herbicides. The other wild sorghum evaluated in this study was resistant to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides including imidazolinone (IM) family member, imazapyr, and sulfonylurea (SU) family member, nicosulfuron. Resistance factors in this genotype were very high, greater than 770 for the IM herbicide and greater than 500 for the SU herbicide, for both herbicide chemical families. Genetic segregation studies demonstrate that resistance was controlled by one major locus and two modifier loci. DNA sequencing of the AHAS gene identified two mutations, Val-560-Ile and Trp-574-Leu. Val-560-Ile is of unknown importance, but valine and isoleucine are similar and residue 560 is not conserved. Trp-574 is a conserved residue and Leu-574 is a known mutation that provides strong cross resistance to IM and SU herbicides. The results of these studies suggest that these sources of APP, SU, and IM resistance may provide useful herbicide resistance traits for use in sorghum.
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Bunn, Alice Mary. "Grain refinement in aluminium alloys". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284033.
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Saadeh, Emmad I. M. "Fine-grain transformations for refactoring". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25459.
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This thesis proposes a new approach to formalize refactorings, principally at the UML class diagram design level (but incorporating a limited amount of code-level information—basic access-related information). A set of abstract and atomic fine-grain transformations (FGTs) is defined as prototypical building blocks for constructing refactorings. The semantics of each FGT is specified in terms of its pre- and postcondition conjuncts. Various logical relationships between FGT pre- and postcondition conjuncts are fully catalogued. These include uni- and bidirectional sequential dependency relationships; absorbing and cancelling reduction relationships; and uni- and bi-directional conflict relationships. The principle container for FGTs is an FGT-list in which the ordering of FGTs respects the sequential relationships between them. Such a list is characterised by the set of FGT precondition conjuncts (which a system should satisfy if the FGTs are to be sequentially applied to the system) as well as the resulting postcondition conjuncts (that describe the effect of applying the list). In the thesis, twenty-nine commonly used primitive refactorings are specified as such FGT-lists, together with their associated FGT-enabling precondition conjuncts. Refactoring-level pre- and postconditions are also identified for each primitive refactoring FGT-list. These are, of course, required to guarantee behaviour preservation.Computer Science
unrestricted
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Moya, Cortazar Sheila, Michael Ottman, Amanda McDaniels, Cereceres Andrea Aragon e Nobuko Hongu. "Ancient Rediscovering Food: Grain Amaranth". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625290.
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6 pp.Grain amaranth was a dietary staple for Central American Indians before Columbus arrived in the New World.1 Today, in Mexico, amaranth is popped like popcorn and mixed with sugar or honey to make a popular sweet treat, called “Alegría” which is the Spanish word for joy (Figure 1). Amaranth is a nutritious grain, similar to chia seeds2 and quinoa, providing high amount of plant protein, fiber, iron, and calcium. This article can help you learn more about amaranth, and show you how to incorporate them into your balanced diet.
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Ottman, Michael J. "Growing Grain Sorghum in Arizona". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625542.
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3 pp. / Originally published: 2009Production practices for grain sorghum are discussed including hybrid selection, planting date, seeding rate, row configuration, irrigation, fertilization, pest control, and harvesting. Grain sorghum (milo) is a warm season, annual grain crop. It is more resistant to salt, drought, and heat stress than most other crops. Nevertheless, highest yields are obtained when stresses are minimized. Revised 10/2016. Originally published 06/2009.
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Ouyang, Hao Fultz B. Fultz B. "Grain boundaries of nanophase materials /". Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1993. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08312007-095729.
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Ottman, Michael. "Small Grain Growth and Development". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147020.
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Ottman, Michael, e Mary Olsen. "Growing Grain Sorghum in Arizona". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147023.
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Lontine, Derek Michael. "Stress Modulated Grain Boundary Mobility". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7348.
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This thesis consists of a thermodynamically based kinetic model that more accurately predicts grain boundary mobility (GBM) over a large range of thermodynamic states including changes in temperature, pressure and shear stress. The form of the model was validated against calculated GBM values for Al bicrystals via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A total of 98,786 simulations were performed (164 different GBs, each with a minimum of 250 different thermodynamic states, and 2 different driving forces). Methodology for the computation of the GBM via MD simulations is provided. The model parameters are directly linked to extensive thermodynamic quantities and suggest potential mechanisms for GBM under combined thermal and triaxial loads. This thesis also discusses the influence of GB character on the thermodynamic mobility parameters. The resulting insights about GB character and thermodynamic state on GBM suggest an opportunity to achieve designed microstructures by controlling thermodynamic state during microstructure evolution.
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Sagare, A. P. "Tissue culture in grain legumes". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1996. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3389.
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Shea, Esther Yi Ping. "The political economy of China's grain policy reform". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5393.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-235) Develops a coherent theoretical framework to analyse the formulation of grain procurement policy for the entire history of the PRC. An optimization model is constructed to capture Chinese policy makers' preferences regarding the competing objectives of sectoral income distribition and food security, as well as the factors governing the trade-off between thes two objectives and the choice of policy instruments. Also analyses the impacts of China's accession to WTO on its grain sector. To explain the numerous failures of China's grain policy, studies the problems arising from policy formulation and implementation.