Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Government information – United States – History"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Government information – United States – History"
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Chiewphasa, Ben. "Kaboom! Volcano Hazards Mitigation as Government Information". DttP: Documents to the People 48, n.º 3 (10 de setembro de 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v48i3.7422.
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Preparation for an imminent volcanic eruption relies on strategic communication between experts and the general public, ongoing scientific research and monitoring, and government assistance. Should one falter, lives are at stake at the most critical moment, whether it involves inescapable pyroclastic flows or perhaps plane engine shutdown from volcanic ash. Throughout history, legislative concerns surrounding volcano hazards have been built around the notion of proactiveness, yet financial and resource support oftentimes reflect a tendency towards reactiveness. The following document examines the legislative evolution of volcano hazards mitigation that has extended its reach well into 2020. In addition, an overview of the United States Geological Survey’s Volcano Hazards will be followed by an evaluation of government databases for finding historic and current volcanic data and information.
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Carpenter, Kenneth E. "Government Publications and the Development of Libraries". Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 15, n.º 1 (abril de 2003): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900301500106.
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This paper examines the history of statistical publishing by governments, looks at other kinds of government publishing, and provides brief case studies of the collecting of government documents by libraries in Europe and the United States. These are revealing of attitudes toward government documents and in some cases show a relationship between government-document collecting and the goals of the library. The author argues that collecting and disseminating statistical information was a conscious decision made by governments on the grounds that information would lead to public support. It is arguable that the budget increases for national libraries in Britain and France, which occurred as well in the 1830s, derived from the value those governments placed on disseminating information. A connection in one era between library support and what is considered to be knowledge and the value placed on it suggests a way of looking at libraries in other periods. Indeed, for all libraries, policies and practices in collecting government documents may be indicative of a library's goals.
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Kargar, Alireza. "The convergence and divergence of the United States and the European Union have influenced the state-building process in Afghanistan over the past two decades." Jami Scientific Research Quarterly Journal 8, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.61438/jsrqj.v8i3.30.
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The history of Afghanistan can be seen as lacking fundamental and structural governments, although rulers under the title of the state governed the country in the recent century. However, the absence of accountable governments led the country to remain in perpetual conflict and chronic violence. After 2001, when a new chapter in Afghanistan's political history began, the United States and the European Union had direct and indirect involvement in all Afghan affairs. Misunderstanding the necessity and importance of Afghanistan's cultural, historical structures, and underdevelopment in governance contributed significantly to the challenge of state-building. The main question is: how has the convergence and divergence between the United States and the European Union influenced the state-building process in Afghanistan over the past two decades?
Apparently, the European Union and the United States did not fundamentally differ in their definition of governance issues. However, they had differences in their approaches and methods to achieve their goals, which had a negative impact on the state-building process in Afghanistan. This study utilized analytical-descriptive methods and collected information from library resources, articles, and journals. The findings indicate that over the past two decades, the European Union and the United States did not differ in supporting a strong government in Afghanistan. However, they had differences in their approaches and methods to achieve their goals, leading to the failure of state-building efforts.
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Sare, Laura. "Editor’s Corner". DttP: Documents to the People 46, n.º 3 (8 de outubro de 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v46i3.6823.
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Howdy everyone! My name is Laura Sare and I am the Government Information Librarian at Texas A&M University and your new DttP editor. I am looking forward to working with everyone to provide great articles about government information.A little background about me, I have been working in the government information field for nineteen years now. I fell in love with government documents while working on my History thesis, which is when I discovered the State Department’s Foreign Relations of the United States—this is still my favorite federal publication.
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Carreras, Miguel, Giancarlo Visconti e Igor Acácio. "The Trump Election and Attitudes toward the United States in Latin America". Public Opinion Quarterly 85, n.º 4 (20 de novembro de 2021): 1092–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfab055.
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Abstract Did the election of Donald Trump have an immediate effect on trust in the US government in Latin America? While on the campaign trail, the Republican candidate used strong and derogatory language to describe Latin American countries and people and made policy proposals that could deteriorate US-Latin American relations. However, the effect of the Trump election on attitudes toward the United States might be null or minimal if Latin American citizens have strong priors and/or if they do not pay attention to political information. Therefore, it is not clear whether the 2016 election led to a rapid decline in trust in the US government in Latin America. Leveraging the timing of the field implementation of the 2016 wave of the AmericasBarometer in five Latin American countries, we estimate the effect of the 2016 presidential election on respondents’ attitudes using a regression discontinuity design in time. We find that the election of Trump substantively decreased respondents’ trust in the US government.
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Jamison, Mark A. "Net Neutrality Policies and Regulation in the United States". Review of Network Economics 17, n.º 3 (25 de setembro de 2018): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rne-2018-0041.
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Abstract The US debate about net neutrality has been unusually contentious for a telecommunications regulatory issue, most recently culminating in a 2017 reversal of a 2015 decision to apply traditional telephone regulations, written for a monopoly era, to internet service providers. This article reviews this history, beginning 1956 when the government first imposed an industry boundary between transmission of information on the one hand, and the creation and processing of information on the other. This regulatory legacy remains embedded in US law and has led to some of the muddle. This article also examines the academic literature relating to net neutrality. On this, the answers found in the literature vary depending on assumptions made about technology, industry structure, and industry practices. When the answer to the question of whether regulations are beneficial is “it depends,” and the scenarios that give different answers are realistic, it would seem that the policy approach should favor applying competition and consumer protection laws that address problems when they occur rather than ex ante regulations, which would be certain to harm at least in some situations.
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Dietl, Gregory, e Stephen Durham. "Integrating Information from the Past into Oyster Management". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 60, n.º 2 (16 de fevereiro de 2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.gmei9892.
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In the United States, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is an economically, culturally, and ecologically important oyster species that ranges from Maine to Texas. Eastern oyster populations are managed by a variety of federal, state, and local governments as well as non-governmental organizations. In addition, the long history of oyster harvesting and coastal land use change in the United States, and asynchronous fluctuations in abundance across the species range due to diverse pressures (e.g., hydrological changes, pollution, disease, overharvesting), combined with often scarce historical monitoring records documenting the timing and magnitude of the changes, have challenged oyster applied professionals for well over a century. The Oysters Past Working Group (OPWG) brings together academic researchers (paleoecologists, archaeologists, and historical ecologists) and applied professionals, representing federal, state, and local government and non-governmental organizations tasked with conserving, managing, and/or restoring oyster populations and habitat. The primary goals of the OPWG are to: 1) identify priority research directions for academic researchers by evaluating the information needs among applied professionals and the types of information from the past that may be able to address them; 2) create a guidance document on best practices for applying information from the past to oyster management; and 3) build trust and commitment to promote longer-lasting and sustained collaboration between academic researchers and applied professionals.
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Fischbach, Michael R. "Palestinian Offices in the United States: Microcosms of the Palestinian Experience". Journal of Palestine Studies 48, n.º 1 (2018): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2018.48.1.104.
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The September 2018 decision by the administration of U.S. president Donald Trump to close the offices of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in Washington and expel the PLO ambassador and his family was the latest chapter in the long and difficult history of Palestinian efforts to maintain information and diplomatic offices in the United States. From the opening of the first Arab information office in the United States in 1945, to the establishment of the first specifically Palestinian information center in 1955, to the creation of the first PLO office in 1965, the Palestinians’ twin goals of representing their people and providing information about their cause on the soil of Israel's greatest ally has been hindered by challenges and threats from a variety of sources. Indeed, the long saga of trying to maintain an official presence in the United States is a microcosm of the wider Palestinian national drama of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, replete with Zionist attacks, debilitating inter-Arab and intra-Palestinian rivalries, political ineptitude, the struggle to achieve diplomatic legitimacy, and hostility from the U.S. government and its pro-Zionist politicians.
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Rochin, Refugio I. "Sobre la situación económica de los latinos: Oportunidades y retos para hoy y para mañana". Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 7, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1991): 105–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1052029.
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This study examines the economic status of Hispanics in the United States, particularly in terms of four sets of major indicators: demographics, income, and poverty; education, language and assimilation; employment, wages, and occupations; and entrepreneurial activities. Hispanics are compared to non-Hispanics within each set. Government reports and the most recent research on Hispanics are the chief sources of information.
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Picard, Alyssa. "“To Popularize the Nude in Art”: Comstockery Reconsidered". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 1, n.º 3 (julho de 2002): 195–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400000232.
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Of all the figures in the struggle over turn-of-the-century vice reform, Anthony Comstock is perhaps the last one might expect to encounter immortalized in the nude. He acquired his fame as a censor of nudity, among other offenses: from 1873 to his death in 1915, Assistant United States Postmaster Comstock lent his name and his enthusiasm for law enforcement to the prosecution of the “Comstock Laws,” the eponymous statutes which restricted the dissemination of vicious images and information through the United States mail. In his government post and as the head of New York City's private Society for the Suppression of Vice, Comstock prosecuted quack physicians, abortionists, lottery runners, purveyors of lewd literature and art, free love advocates and physical culture devotees. By the end of his career, he had arrested more than 3,700 people and burned over fifty tons of obscene books, 3,984,063 obscene pictures, and 16,900 photographic plates.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Government information – United States – History"
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Burge, Kevin Turrini Joseph. "The Presidential Records Act of 1978 its development from the right to know and the public's demand for federal records ownership /". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/History/Thesis/Burge_Kevin_50.pdf.
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Marangoni, Adriano J. "O caminho para o futuro: ações da United States Information Agency (USIA) na Guerra Fria (1953-1968)". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12906.
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-23Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
At the end of the 2nd World War, the information and intelligence services used by the United States have gone through several redesigns. One result was the creation of the United States Information Agency in August 1953. This agency, according to guidelines established by the US Congress and President Dwight Eisenhower, had the mission to promote a better understanding between the United States and other nations of the world. In practice, the actions of this agency were directly linked to the characteristics and requirements imposed by the Cold War. The USIA was ruled by the opposition of the United States against the Soviet Union and Communism. In this war, art, literature, the media, and science, among many other cultural expressions were pooled and mobilized on behalf of a political, ideological and even philosophical project. From a historical perspective, one can recognize that this "project", diffuse and fragmented in the design of its founders, contained a homogeneous civilization matrix, visible in the various agency's practices over the years. While factors such as the improvement of military weapons, expansion and armies employment constituted as a fact throughout the world, culture, in the hands of cultural officers of the US Information Agency, was used in almost equal terms. While the barbarity of violence which was one inescapable horizon of possibility, a conception of civilization was settled alternatively, a path for the future
Ao final da 2ª Guerra Mundial, os serviços de inteligência e informação empregados pelos Estados Unidos passaram por várias reformulações. Um dos resultados foi a criação da United States Information Agency, em agosto de 1953. Esta agência, segundo definia diretrizes estabelecidas pelo Congresso americano e pelo Presidente Dwight Eisenhower, tinha a missão de promover um melhor entendimento entre os Estados Unidos e outras nações do mundo. Na prática, as ações desta agência estavam diretamente ligadas às características e exigências impostas pela Guerra Fria. A USIA era regida pela oposição dos Estados Unidos contra a União Soviética e ao Comunismo. Nesta guerra, a arte, a literatura, os meios de comunicação, ou a ciência, entre várias outras expressões culturais, foram reunidas e mobilizadas em nome de um projeto político, ideológico e até mesmo filosófico. Sob uma perspectiva histórica é possível reconhecer que este projeto , difuso e fragmentado na concepção de seus idealizadores, continha uma matriz civilizatória homogênea, reconhecível nas diversas práticas da agência ao longo dos anos. Enquanto fatores como o aperfeiçoamento de armamentos militares, ampliação e emprego de exércitos se constituía como um fato pelo mundo, a cultura, nas mãos dos oficiais culturais da USIA, era empregada em termos quase equivalentes. Enquanto a barbárie da violência se constituía como um horizonte de possibilidade inescapável, uma concepção de civilização era sedimentada como alternativa, um caminho para o futuro
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Holden, Stephen H. "Managing information technology in the federal government new policies for an information age /". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33134804.html.
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Philyaw, Leslie Scott. "Virginia and Western Territorial Government, 1780-1787". W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625623.
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Dunning, Claire. "Outsourcing Government: Boston and the Rise of Public-Private Partnerships, 1950-2000". Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493268.
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Through a study of Boston and federal social policy, this dissertation analyzes the rise of public-private partnerships between government and nonprofit organizations in the United States over the second half of the twentieth century. A mixture of community mobilization and an elite knowledge economy positioned Boston at the forefront of a growing nonprofit sector that repeatedly captured the attention of funders in government and philanthropy. A policy shift in the 1960s for the first time authorized federal agencies to issue grants to private, nonprofit organizations as a strategy of poverty reduction and urban governance. Outsourcing social welfare provision in this way positioned nonprofit organizations as responsible for the economic, physical, political, and social development of neighborhoods. Such public-private partnerships infused neighborhood-based nonprofits with resources and authority that increased community control over the distribution of public goods and services. This decentralized, privatized system of governance grew the size, reach, and activities of the American state, but did so in indirect and ultimately insufficient ways.
The project pairs policy analysis with narratives of local implementation, attending as much to how programs operated and received funding, as to what they actually did. An approach combining urban, policy, and business histories is applied to the extant records of many Boston nonprofits—grant applications, government program manuals, nonprofit reports, legislation, financial data, and contract agreements—to follow the local careers of several federal programs, including the Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime Commission, War on Poverty, Model Cities, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, Community Development Block Grants and Empowerment Zones. This emphasis on implementation in Boston neighborhoods reveals how liberalism and neoliberalism functioned as governing practices that transformed the shape of the American welfare state and the institutional landscape of cities. Delivering social welfare through private, local, and, increasingly, market-based mechanisms produced affordable housing, provided social services, and encouraged participation. At the same time, the rise of public-private partnerships did little to prevent the continued concentration of poverty and inequality that characterized American cities at the end of the twentieth century.History
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Bledsoe, Julia Grace. "The Failure of Colonial Government and the American Revolution in South Carolina: A Long View". W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626071.
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Feinman, David Eric. "Divided government and congressional foreign policy a case study of the post-World War II era in American government". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4891.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between the executive and legislative branches of American federal government, during periods within which these two branches are led by different political parties, to discover whether the legislative branch attempts to independently legislate and enact foreign policy by using "the power of the purse" to either appropriate in support of or refuse to appropriate in opposition to military engagement abroad. The methodology for this research includes the analysis and comparison of certain variables, including public opinion, budgetary constraints, and the relative majority of the party that holds power in one or both chambers, and the ways these variables may impact the behavior of the legislative branch in this regard. It also includes the analysis of appropriations requests made by the legislative branch for funding military engagement in rejection of requests from the executive branch for all military engagements that occurred during periods of divided government from 1946 through 2009.ID: 029809199; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-112).
M.A.
Masters
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Mogren, Eric Thomas. "Governance in the United States Columbia River Basin: An Historical Analysis". PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/48.
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Political and institutional leaders in the Pacific Northwest have struggled over how best to manage Columbia River Basin development and the implications of that development since the early 1900s. Their efforts present a seeming paradox: whereas prominent political and institutional leaders believed some form of regional governance system was necessary, those same leaders refused to establish systems with the decision-making authority necessary to resolve the issues that led them to create the systems in the first place. This study examines the historical record at the institutional level to determine why. This study found twenty-six governance systems proposed since 1933 of which eleven were enacted. Prior to then, a private market oriented system dominated, assisted by supportive federal agencies with jurisdictional authority over individual resource domains. Since 1934, the Basin has experienced an unbroken succession of one governance system or another, at times with multiple systems operating in parallel. This study categorized each system under one of four governance models, distinguished by the locus of decision-making. Transitions from one system to another came about through evolutionary processes or the emergence of circumstances that allowed for dramatic shifts between models. Evolutionary change within models resulted in collapse due to internal structural weaknesses or shifts to improved systems through mutual agreement. Dramatic change between models occurred when a "critical situation" appeared that called existing governance systems into question and allowed new systems to rise in their place. Four such critical situations occurred between 1929 and 1999. These were the onset of the Depression, the end of World War II, the hydro-thermal crisis of the mid 1970s, and the first ESA listings of salmon in 1991. This study concluded that the conflicting interests of powerful institutions only partially explain the Basin's governance paradox. Differing worldviews and senses of institutional culture, identity, and values aggravated the conflict over competing interests by shaping the perspectives each party held over the goals and motivations of the others. This study recommends further research to determine how institutional values translate into individual level decision-making. It offers a theoretical framework under which such research might proceed.
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Jones, Leigh A. "Selective United States Federal Information on Historically Black Colleges and Universities: An Annotated Bibliography". Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/279.
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The purpose of this bibliography is to serve researchers who are interested in finding information on Historically Black Colleges and Universities that is published by the United States federal government. The information that can be found by the use of this bibliography is intended to be broad in nature. Some of the information that is provided places a focus on the history of those institutions and the current needs of those schools. Other citations provided lead to information concerning the research that is taking place at those colleges and universities. Finally, information on federally funded programs that are geared towards increasing minority involvement in certain fields, professions and research are also included. The bibliography is selective in nature.
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Popovich, Sara A. "Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik: The Changing Role in United States-West German Relations, an Analysis of United States Government Internal Documents". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/80.
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This thesis analyzes a crucial period in the relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America, through the use of US government internal documents. Willy Brandt brought forth a new vision of Ostpolitik that was starkly different from policies that the US had dealt with before, subsequently leaving the Nixon Administration largely unsure of how to react. The change in FRG economic positioning vis-à-vis the United States, and catalyst political events in the 1960’s, created the impetus for Brandt’s vision of OStpolitik, which culminated in the interim West German control of the Western Alliance’s Eastern Politics.
Livros sobre o assunto "Government information – United States – History"
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Peter, Kuznick, ed. Untold History of the United States. London, UK: Ebury Press, 2012.
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J, Kuznick Peter, ed. The untold history of the United States. New York: Gallery Books, 2013.
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State, United States Department of. Foreign relations of the United States, 1964-1968. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 2001.
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State, United States Department of. Foreign relations of the United States, 1964-1968. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 2000.
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State, United States Department of. Foreign relations of the United States, 1964-1968. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 2000.
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United States. Department of State. Foreign relations of the United States, 1964-1968. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 2001.
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United States. Department of State. Foreign relations of the United States, 1964-1968. Editado por Claussen Paul, Duncan Evan M, Soukup Jeffrey e United States. Dept. of State. Office of the Historian. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 2001.
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United States. Department of State. Foreign relations of the United States, 1964-1968. Editado por Keefer Edward C. 1945-, Patterson David S. 1937- e United States. Dept. of State. Office of the Historian. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 2001.
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United States Government Printing Office. Keeping America informed: The U.S. Government Printing Office : 150 years of service to the nation. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.
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(Organization), WikiLeaks, ed. The passion of Bradley Manning: [the story of the suspect behind the largest security breach in U.S. history]. New York: OR Books, 2012.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Government information – United States – History"
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Brandt, Lawrence, e Valerie Gregg. "History of Digital Government Research in the United States". In Digital Government, 203–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71611-4_11.
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Siegler, Mark V. "The Growth of Government". In An Economic History of the United States, 327–47. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39396-8_16.
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Winfree, Paul. "Building a Visible Government". In A History (and Future) of the Budget Process in the United States, 77–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30959-6_4.
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Pilling, Doria. "Adoption of E-government by Disadvantaged Groups in the United States and the United Kingdom". In Integrated Series in Information Systems, 201–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6536-3_10.
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Alvarez León, Luis F. "Assembling the Geographic Information Market in the United States". In Knowledge and Digital Technology, 131–51. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39101-9_7.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the construction of the geographic information market in the United States. The focus is on two key building blocks in this process: (1) the development of (legal and technical) interoperability in the collection and dissemination of geographic information, and (2) the construction of Intellectual Property (IP) regimes. These elements are explored in the context of the institutional configuration between government, the private sector, and the public. This configuration, which in the United States bounds the role of government as a producer of geographic information and limits its actions in the market, creates suitable conditions for the continued production of geographic information as input to a growing market, as well as its consumption, circulation, transformation, and use by government agencies, private firms, and the broader public. Lastly, the chapter characterizes the geographic information market in the United States as relying on the legally delimitated role of the Federal Government as a de jure producer of informational inputs that foster the development of secondary applications in addition to fulfilling its primary mission of public information. Understanding the institutional, legal, and technical dimensions of the geographic information market will enable a clearer analysis of the linkages, transactions, and logics between government agencies, private firms, and civil society groups in the production of value through geographic information and other informational resources. More generally, the author argues that identifying the interplay between specific institutional environments, governing legal frameworks, and processes of technological innovation and knowledge generation is essential to studying, governing, and regulating informational markets in the digital economy.
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Edwards, Wayne. "A Very Brief History of the Relationship Between Indigenous Peoples and the US Government". In Sovereignty and Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the United States, 11–34. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59400-6_2.
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Wang, Bo, Jiwen Wen e Jia Zheng. "Research on Assessment and Comparison of the Forestry Open Government Data Quality Between China and the United States". In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 370–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2810-1_36.
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Luna-Reyes, Luis F., Theresa A. Pardo, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, Celene Navarrete, Jing Zhang e Sehl Mellouli. "Digital Government in North America: A Comparative Analysis of Policy and Program Priorities in Canada, Mexico, and the United States". In Integrated Series in Information Systems, 139–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6536-3_7.
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Collen, Morris F., e Randolph A. Miller. "The Early History of Hospital Information Systems for Inpatient Care in the United States". In Health Informatics, 339–83. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6732-7_6.
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Feldman, Eric A., e Erin Quick. "Genetic Discrimination in the United States: What State and National Government Are Doing to Protect Personal Information". In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 331–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43699-5_15.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Government information – United States – History"
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Keys, Erin, e Michael E. Webber. "An Assessment and Comparison of Installed Solar and Wind Capacity in Texas". In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54148.
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This paper presents the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the installed solar capacity in Texas. While the power generated from grid-tied solar photovoltaic installations can be tracked, an inventory including the capacity of these and other types of solar installations has never been performed. In contrast, installed wind capacity in Texas is closely tracked and widely publicized. Because of this discrepancy, decision-makers have lacked critical information to gauge the appropriateness of solar versus wind power for future installations, complicating their ability to prioritize which renewable power sources to incentivize. The work presented in this paper fills this knowledge gap by providing the methodology and results from a bottoms-up survey of major solar installers, large solar customers, and relevant government agencies (for example government agencies that are responsible for issuing rebates, or those that are major solar customers themselves). Over thirty entities were systematically contacted to obtain proprietary data that were then aggregated to determine the total installed solar capacity in Texas. Both power generation and heating applications are considered, including the following: photovoltaic (on- and off-grid), concentrating solar power (CSP), solar pond, and solar water heating (SWH). Other heating forms such as room and pool heating are not considered. An aggregate figure is presented and then benchmarked against installed wind capacity. Findings reveal that after 30 years and roughly $56 million in installation costs (at approximately $8300/kW), Texas possesses about 6.7 megawatts (MW) of installed solar electric capacity. Comparatively, in over 6 years and an estimated $6.9 billion in installation costs (at approximately $1600/kW), installed wind capacity in Texas approaches 5000 MW, which is more than any other state in the United States. Notably, at least another 8000 MW of new wind projects are in various stages of development, whereas few significant solar projects have been announced. This solar assessment exposes a stark difference in pace, cost and total size of installation for these two power sources, which is the likely experience for many other states. While these differences do not negate solar as a future power option, they raise further questions about the technical, social, and economic barriers each renewable technology faces, as well as the feasibility and design of incentives to further market penetration. Understanding this mixed history for these two power sources offers instructive guidance and useful insights to policymakers nationwide.
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Anglim, Christopher Thomas. "COVID-19 in Context: A Pandemic in Its Historical Context". In 3rd Annual Faculty Senate Research Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.148.2.
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Mindful of history’s value in providing context for contemporary issues, this essay compares selected issues surrounding the effectiveness of government messaging during COVID-19 with previous pandemics and epidemics on selected public policy choices, specifically addressing the role of disinformation, misinformation, and information suppression in contending with disease outbreaks. During the Spanish Flu of 1918, governments worldwide ignored the crisis and suppressed information on the pandemic, because they were concerned that it would interfere with the ongoing war effort. Similar to the impacts of COVID-19, leaders dismissed science in favor of ideology which occurred in the cold war era for several reasons, and with profound impacts. In the case of the Cold War, anti-Communist hysteria led Dr. Albert Sabin to test his anti-polio vaccine in the Soviet Union as opposed to the United States. In exploring various historical parallels to COVID-19, this essay also explores racism, ethnocentrism, and various forms of othering that have historically characterized the response to pandemics, often assigning blame to various “outside” groups. The essay concludes by arguing for science-based solutions to pandemic emergencies (as opposed to ideological-oriented objectives) and argues for a fair, prudent, and judicious balancing of cherished individual rights and individual autonomy, a collective science-based response to public health emergencies, and with the intent to protect the public health of all Americans in a fair, inclusive and equitable manner.
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Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan, e Vitri Widyaningsih. "Determinants of Fertility in Indonesia: An Analysis from Basic Life Survey Data Year 2017". In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.99.
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ABSTRACT Background: Indonesia is in the fourth position with the largest population in the world (274 million people) after China, India, and the United States. Currently, Indonesia is experiencing a demographic bonus and also has a high dependency ratio (46.6%). It resulting in heavy burdens that must be borne by the productive age population to finance the lives of the unproductive population. The high population in Indonesia is determined by the high number of children born alive. The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of fertility in Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Indonesian Population Demographic Survey year 2017. A sample of 49,627 reproductive women aged 15-49 years who had ever give birth was selected for this study. The dependent variable was fertility (based on number of children born alive). The independent variables were contaceptive use, contraceptive method, source of information, knnowledge toward contraception, history of birth delivery, and residence. The data were analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results: Fertility increased with traditional contraceptive use (b= 0.51; 95% CI= 0.41 to 0.61; p<0.001), information from government (b= 0.59; 95% CI= 0.46 to 0.72; p <0.001), low education toward contraceptive (b= 0.89; 95% CI= 0.49 to 1.29; p <0.001), birth delivery <1 year (b= 0.10; 95% CI= -0.05 to 0.25; p= 0.187), health assurance participant (b= 0.54; 95% CI= 0.44 to 0.64; p<0.001), living in urban area (b= 0.32; 95% CI= 0.22 to 0.41; p<0.001), hormonal contraceptive use (b= 0.08; 95% CI= -0.10 to 0.25; p= 0.408), and living in west Indonesian (b= 0.57; 95% CI= 0.47 to 0.66; p<0.001). Fertility decreased with family decision on contraceptive use (b= -0.31; 95% CI= -0.42 to -0.21; p<0.001), education ≥Senior high school (b= -1.25; 95% CI= -1.35 to -1.16; p<0.001), and high family wealth (b= -0.50; 95% CI= -0.60 to -0.40; p<0.001). Conclusion: Fertility increases with traditional contraceptive use, information from government, low education toward contraceptive, birth delivery <1 year, health assurance participant, living in urban area, hormonal contraceptive use, and living in west Indonesian. Fertility decreases with family decision on contraceptive use, education ≥Senior high school, and high family wealth. Keywords: fertility, basic health survey year 2017 Correspondence: Karlinda. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: karlindalinda8@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282278924093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.99
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A. Buzzetto-Hollywood, Nicole, Austin J. Hill e Troy Banks. "Early Findings of a Study Exploring the Social Media, Political and Cultural Awareness, and Civic Activism of Gen Z Students in the Mid-Atlantic United States [Abstract]". In InSITE 2021: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4762.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper provides the results of the preliminary analysis of the findings of an ongoing study that seeks to examine the social media use, cultural and political awareness, civic engagement, issue prioritization, and social activism of Gen Z students enrolled at four different institutional types located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The aim of this study is to look at the group as a whole as well as compare findings across populations. The institutional types under consideration include a mid-sized majority serving or otherwise referred to as a traditionally white institution (TWI) located in a small coastal city on the Atlantic Ocean, a small Historically Black University (HBCU) located in a rural area, a large community college located in a county that is a mixture of rural and suburban and which sits on the border of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and graduating high school students enrolled in career and technical education (CTE) programs in a large urban area. This exploration is purposed to examine the behaviors and expectations of Gen Z students within a representative American region during a time of tremendous turmoil and civil unrest in the United States. Background: Over 74 million strong, Gen Z makes up almost one-quarter of the U.S. population. They already outnumber any current living generation and are the first true digital natives. Born after 1996 and through 2012, they are known for their short attention spans and heightened ability to multi-task. Raised in the age of the smart phone, they have been tethered to digital devices from a young age with most having the preponderance of their childhood milestones commemorated online. Often called Zoomers, they are more racially and ethnically diverse than any previous generation and are on track to be the most well-educated generation in history. Gen Zers in the United States have been found in the research to be progressive and pro-government and viewing increasing racial and ethnic diversity as positive change. Finally, they are less likely to hold xenophobic beliefs such as the notion of American exceptionalism and superiority that have been popular with by prior generations. The United States has been in a period of social and civil unrest in recent years with concerns over systematic racism, rampant inequalities, political polarization, xenophobia, police violence, sexual assault and harassment, and the growing epidemic of gun violence. Anxieties stirred by the COVID-19 pandemic further compounded these issues resulting in a powder keg explosion occurring throughout the summer of 2020 and leading well into 2021. As a result, the United States has deteriorated significantly in the Civil Unrest Index falling from 91st to 34th. The vitriol, polarization, protests, murders, and shootings have all occurred during Gen Z’s formative years, and the limited research available indicates that it has shaped their values and political views. Methodology: The Mid-Atlantic region is a portion of the United States that exists as the overlap between the northeastern and southeastern portions of the country. It includes the nation’s capital, as well as large urban centers, small cities, suburbs, and rural enclaves. It is one of the most socially, economically, racially, and culturally diverse parts of the United States and is often referred to as the “typically American region.” An electronic survey was administered to students from 2019 through 2021 attending a high school dual enrollment program, a minority serving institution, a majority serving institution, and a community college all located within the larger mid-Atlantic region. The survey included a combination of multiple response, Likert scaled, dichotomous, open ended, and ordinal questions. It was developed in the Survey Monkey system and reviewed by several content and methodological experts in order to examine bias, vagueness, or potential semantic problems. Finally, the survey was pilot tested prior to implementation in order to explore the efficacy of the research methodology. It was then modified accordingly prior to widespread distribution to potential participants. The surveys were administered to students enrolled in classes taught by the authors all of whom are educators. Participation was voluntary, optional, and anonymous. Over 800 individuals completed the survey with just over 700 usable results, after partial completes and the responses of individuals outside of the 18-24 age range were removed. Findings: Participants in this study overwhelmingly were users of social media. In descending order, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, WhatsApp, LinkedIn and Tik Tok were the most popular social media services reported as being used. When volume of use was considered, Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube and Twitter were the most cited with most participants reporting using Instagram and Snapchat multiple times a day. When asked to select which social media service they would use if forced to choose just one, the number one choice was YouTube followed by Instagram and Snapchat. Additionally, more than half of participants responded that they have uploaded a video to a video sharing site such as YouTube or Tik Tok. When asked about their familiarity with different technologies, participants overwhelmingly responded that they are “very familiar” with smart phones, searching the Web, social media, and email. About half the respondents said that they were “very familiar” with common computer applications such as the Microsoft Office Suite or Google Suite with another third saying that they were “somewhat familiar.” When asked about Learning Management Systems (LMS) like Blackboard, Course Compass, Canvas, Edmodo, Moodle, Course Sites, Google Classroom, Mindtap, Schoology, Absorb, D2L, itslearning, Otus, PowerSchool, or WizIQ, only 43% said they were “very familiar” with 31% responding that they were “somewhat familiar.” Finally, about half the students were either “very” or “somewhat” familiar with operating systems such as Windows. A few preferences with respect to technology in the teaching and learning process were explored in the survey. Most students (85%) responded that they want course announcements and reminders sent to their phones, 76% expect their courses to incorporate the use of technology, 71% want their courses to have course websites, and 71% said that they would rather watch a video than read a book chapter. When asked to consider the future, over 81% or respondents reported that technology will play a major role in their future career. Most participants considered themselves “informed” or “well informed” about current events although few considered themselves “very informed” or “well informed” about politics. When asked how they get their news, the most common forum reported for getting news and information about current events and politics was social media with 81% of respondents reporting. Gen Z is known to be an engaged generation and the participants in this study were not an exception. As such, it came as no surprise to discover that, in the past year more than 78% of respondents had educated friends or family about an important social or political issue, about half (48%) had donated to a cause of importance to them, more than a quarter (26%) had participated in a march or rally, and a quarter (26%) had actively boycotted a product or company. Further, about 37% consider themselves to be a social activist with another 41% responding that aren’t sure if they would consider themselves an activist and only 22% saying that they would not consider themselves an activist. When asked what issues were important to them, the most frequently cited were Black Lives Matter (75%), human trafficking (68%), sexual assault/harassment/Me Too (66.49%), gun violence (65.82%), women’s rights (65.15%), climate change (55.4%), immigration reform/deferred action for childhood arrivals (DACA) (48.8%), and LGBTQ+ rights (47.39%). When the schools were compared, there were only minor differences in social media use with the high school students indicating slightly more use of Tik Tok than the other participants. All groups were virtually equal when it came to how informed they perceived themselves about current events and politics. Consensus among groups existed with respect to how they get their news, and the community college and high school students were slightly more likely to have participated in a march, protest, or rally in the last 12 months than the university students. The community college and high school students were also slightly more likely to consider themselves social activists than the participants from either of the universities. When the importance of the issues was considered, significant differences based on institutional type were noted. Black Lives Matter (BLM) was identified as important by the largest portion of students attending the HBCU followed by the community college students and high school students. Less than half of the students attending the TWI considered BLM an important issue. Human trafficking was cited as important by a higher percentage of students attending the HBCU and urban high school than at the suburban and rural community college or the TWI. Sexual assault was considered important by the majority of students at all the schools with the percentage a bit smaller from the majority serving institution. About two thirds of the students at the high school, community college, and HBCU considered gun violence important versus about half the students at the majority serving institution. Women’s rights were reported as being important by more of the high school and HBCU participants than the community college or TWI. Climate change was considered important by about half the students at all schools with a slightly smaller portion reporting out the HBCU. Immigration reform/DACA was reported as important by half the high school, community college, and HBCU participants with only a third of the students from the majority serving institution citing it as an important issue. With respect to LGBTQ rights approximately half of the high school and community college participants cited it as important, 44.53% of the HBCU students, and only about a quarter of the students attending the majority serving institution. Contribution and Conclusion: This paper provides a timely investigation into the mindset of generation Z students living in the United States during a period of heightened civic unrest. This insight is useful to educators who should be informed about the generation of students that is currently populating higher education. The findings of this study are consistent with public opinion polls by Pew Research Center. According to the findings, the Gen Z students participating in this study are heavy users of multiple social media, expect technology to be integrated into teaching and learning, anticipate a future career where technology will play an important role, informed about current and political events, use social media as their main source for getting news and information, and fairly engaged in social activism. When institutional type was compared the students from the university with the more affluent and less diverse population were less likely to find social justice issues important than the other groups. Recommendations for Practitioners: During disruptive and contentious times, it is negligent to think that the abounding issues plaguing society are not important to our students. Gauging the issues of importance and levels of civic engagement provides us crucial information towards understanding the attitudes of students. Further, knowing how our students gain information, their social media usage, as well as how informed they are about current events and political issues can be used to more effectively communicate and educate. Recommendations for Researchers: As social media continues to proliferate daily life and become a vital means of news and information gathering, additional studies such as the one presented here are needed. Additionally, in other countries facing similarly turbulent times, measuring student interest, awareness, and engagement is highly informative. Impact on Society: During a highly contentious period replete with a large volume of civil unrest and compounded by a global pandemic, understanding the behaviors and attitudes of students can help us as higher education faculty be more attuned when it comes to the design and delivery of curriculum. Future Research This presentation presents preliminary findings. Data is still being collected and much more extensive statistical analyses will be performed.
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Dhivani Gusmi, Adibah, e Achmad Nurmandi. "Algorithmic Government Framework to Support Government Data Disclosure". In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002779.
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This study aims to analyze the working concept of government algorithms in supporting government data openness. The focus of this research was on the United States, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Spain. In the digital era, the government is guided to be active in providing information to the public. This study focuses on implementing data disclosure in the United States, England, the Netherlands, and Spain. This study uses qualitative methods, and the tools used for statistical and bibliometric analysis are VOSviewer and NVivo Plus 12. The data sources for this research are 363 articles on Open Government. Data has increased in the last ten years in the Scopus database. The data analysis phase of this research uses VOSviewer with simple statistical and bibliometric analysis. The results of data analysis show that the most popular keywords are information, ogd itself, and citizens. The trend found that many studies focused more on transparency, information, citizens, and OGD. However, the keywords used also change every year. Each country has a different algorithm for open government. The United States finds more transparency in compiling data. Meanwhile, the UK talks more about the availability of data to make digital government implemented efficiently. It also strengthens the policy that the Netherlands enforces open government data to investigate criminal cases that refer to citizen/community involvement in the Netherlands. Lastly, Spain pays attention to the transparency used to inform some policies in Spain. In the four countries mentioned transparency and information. Also, it is stated that citizen engagement is also a significant finding in each article. However, there are failures to have open government data mainly due to the site and its licenses. They examined the open data that the government uses today as part of an algorithm that has worked previously with experts in computers and information technology.
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Han, Zhu. "The e-government Development of United States Based on Knowledge Management and its Enlightenment to China". In 2010 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2010.236.
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C. Sipior, Janice, Burke T Ward e Joanna Z. Marzec. "The Digital Divide in the United States and Worldwide". In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2404.
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The Digital Divide has been defined as a gap between those with access to new information technologies and those without. The term is also used to characterize the disparity between those who can effectively use information technology and those who cannot. This paper explores the digital divide within the United States (U.S.) and worldwide. Factors contributing to the widening of the gap are identified, including differences in income, age, education, race, household type, and geographic location. In an effort to reduce the Digital Divide, initiatives have been undertaken, such as promoting increased competition to reduce equipment and internet connection costs and U.S. government legislation to provide incentives such as tax relief to Internet providers serving specific geographic areas, and the global initiative by the G- 8 Heads of State to help coordinate worldwide government efforts in closing the Digital Divide.
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Sipior, Janice, e Burke Ward. "A Framework for Information Security Management Based on Guiding Standards: A United States Perspective". In InSITE 2008: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3188.
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Despite government oversight, consumers continue to be concerned about the security of personal information used by corporations. Consumer concerns give rise to the necessity for corporations to manage information security. Navigating the multitude of existing security standards, including dedicated standards for information security and frameworks for controlling the implementation of information technology, presents a challenge to organizations. In response, we propose our ISM framework which considers global, national, organizational, and employee standards to guide ISM. We contend that a strategic approach to ISM will enable a focus on managing information as a key resource in global competition. This framework is intended to promote a cohesive approach which considers a process view of information within the context of the entire organizational operational environment. This framework can be used by international, national, and regional corporations to formulate, implement, enforce, and audit information security policies and practices.
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Gregory, S. A. "Understanding Salt Mine Ground Behavior Through Geotechnical Monitoring and Data Analysis". In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-0899.
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ABSTRACT: The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) was constructed for the permanent disposal of defense-generated transuranic waste from DOE sites around the United States. WIPP functions as a category 4 mine and category 2 nuclear facility. The waste is to be deposited 660 m (2150 ft) beneath the Earth’s surface inside of the Delaware Basin salt bed for permanent disposal. The first waste shipment arrived at WIPP in 1999 and is currently anticipated to operate beyond 2050. Due to the creeping nature of salt and the hazards involved in handling nuclear waste, it is paramount to monitor the changing conditions of the mine. Throughout the WIPP’s project life, geotechnical and mining engineers have developed and improved upon the data collection methods, instrumentation, and analysis that is required to monitor the ground movement in this unique salt mine. Using forecasting methods, WIPP’s geotechnical engineering team has predicted several ground falls and provides support to the site’s mining endeavors. A review of the historical ground movement data collection methods and analysis is given, as well as examples of ground falls and geotechnical abnormalities. In addition, ongoing application of operations research and engineering statistics will be discussed. 1. DISCLMAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
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Rennels, Kenneth E. "Future of Engineering Technology Education". In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33964.
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Engineering technology education in the United States can trace its history back to the Wickenden and Spahr study of 1931, which identified the place of engineering technology education in the technical spectrum [1]. By 1945, the Engineering Council for Professional Development developed the first accreditation procedures for two-year engineering technology programs and by 1946, the first program was accredited. On this timeline the Purdue University engineering technology programs at Indianapolis can trace their history back to 1946 [2]. Over the last 70 years, engineering technology education in the United States has distinguished itself by a history of evolution, development and continuous improvement. Engineering technology education faces significant challenges during the next several years. These challenges are driven by the rapid evolution of computer technology and changing expectations of the educational process by the stakeholders. Stakeholders include not only students and faculty but also various groups in both the public and private sectors including industry, professional organizations, funding agencies, state government and the university system. Two specific challenges facing engineering technology educators are ‘basic faculty credentials’ and changing expectations for ‘creative activities’. These two challenges can be delineated by the following questions: • Will a doctorate degree be necessary for engineering technology faculty in the future for promotion and tenure in the university environment? • Will applied research or pedagogical research be ‘good enough’ for tenure? This paper addresses these two issues using a study of current engineering technology faculty hiring practices as a basis. Ultimately, critical future discussions must occur as engineering technology education continues to evolve and move into the future.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Government information – United States – History"
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Lehe, Lewis, Sairpaneeth Devunuri, Javier Rondan e Ayush Pandey. Taxation of Ride-hailing. Illinois Center for Transportation, dezembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-040.
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This report is a guide to the practice of taxing ride-hailing at the state and local levels in the United States. The information is based on a survey of legislation, news articles, journal articles, revenue data, and interviews. We first review the literature and provide a history of ride-hailing and the practice of ride-hailing. We then profile all ride-hailing taxes in the United States, classifying these taxes according to common attributes and pointing out what details of legislation or history distinguishes each tax. One important distinction is between ad valorem taxes, levied as a percentage of fare or revenues, and “per-ride” taxes levied as a flat charge per ride. Another distinction is the differential treatment of shared and single rides. We provide extensive references to laws and ordinances as well as propose a system to classify the state legal environments under which ride-hailing is taxed. States fall into five regimes: (1) a “hands-off” regime wherein local governments are permitted wide leeway; (2) a “tax-free” regime wherein local taxes are prohibited and the state does not impose a tax; (3) a “state-tax-only” regime wherein local taxes are prohibited but the state levies taxes for its own use; (4) a “revenue-sharing” regime wherein the state levies taxes and distributes them to local governments; and (5) a “local-option” regime wherein local governments can opt into participating in a tax system regulated by the state. We make nine recommendations for Illinois policymakers considering taxes on ride-hailing, with the most important being that the state pass legislation clarifying and regulating the rights of local governments to levy such taxes.
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Socolow, A. A., e R. H. Fakundiny. State geological surveys of the United States of America: history and role in state government. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193514.
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Thuraisingham, Bhavani. Information Sharing Strategies of the United States Federal Government and Its Allies and Our Contributions Towards Implementing these Strategies. Version 1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada545051.
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Pryshliak, Yaryna. DESTRUCTIVE OF CURRENT INFORMATION: CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE HEADLINES OF NEWS AGGREGATORS IN UKRAINE, USA AND RUSSIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11102.
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The article outlines the impact of negative news on the minds of recipients, describes the reasons for the audience’s demand for negative information and represents the quantitative data of destructive information in the media space of Ukraine, USA and Russia. The rapid development of communication technologies, which contributes to the creation and dissemination of the largest volumes of information in human history, and therefore negative news, explains the relevance of the chosen topic. The main objectives of the study are news headlines that appear in the feed of the Google News aggregator (regional versions of the United States, Ukraine and Russia).
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Russell, H. A. J., e S. K. Frey. Canada One Water: integrated groundwater-surface-water-climate modelling for climate change adaptation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329092.
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Canada 1 Water is a 3-year governmental multi-department-private-sector-academic collaboration to model the groundwater-surface-water of Canada coupled with historic climate and climate scenario input. To address this challenge continental Canada has been allocated to one of 6 large watershed basins of approximately two million km2. The model domains are based on natural watershed boundaries and include approximately 1 million km2 of the United States. In year one (2020-2021) data assembly and validation of some 20 datasets (layers) is the focus of work along with conceptual model development. To support analysis of the entire water balance the modelling framework consists of three distinct components and modelling software. Land Surface modelling with the Community Land Model will support information needed for both the regional climate modelling using the Weather Research & Forecasting model (WRF), and input to HydroGeoSphere for groundwater-surface-water modelling. The inclusion of the transboundary watersheds will provide a first time assessment of water resources in this critical international domain. Modelling is also being integrated with Remote Sensing datasets, notably the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). GRACE supports regional scale watershed analysis of total water flux. GRACE along with terrestrial time-series data will serve provide validation datasets for model results to ensure that the final project outputs are representative and reliable. The project has an active engagement and collaborative effort underway to try and maximize the long-term benefit of the framework. Much of the supporting model datasets will be published under open access licence to support broad usage and integration.
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Holtom, Paul, Mark Bromley e Verena Simmel. Measuring International Arms Transfers. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, dezembro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/fymr2694.
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Consistent, comprehensive data on international arms transfers enables the identification over time of trends in international arms transfers at the global, regional and national levels. There are several different methods for measuring international arms transfers. This Fact Sheet describes three sources of information for measuring international arms transfers: SIPRI’s measure of the volume of arms transfers; the financial value estimate of the United States Congressional Research Service (CRS); and national government data on the financial value of arms export agreements and deliveries. Using German arms exports in 2011 as a case study, it compares the methods used by SIPRI, the CRS and the German Government to measure German arms exports.
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Budzich, Jeffrey. PR-685-184506-R05 Fluvial Geomorphology Equations and Mechanics. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), abril de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011666.
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Channel hydrology, hydraulics, and sediment composition are key variables to calculating vertical and horizontal channel movement. A variety of methods are available for estimating channel bed scour, bank erosion, and channel migration with fewer available to predict avulsion potential. These methods vary in complexity from simplified empirical and theoretical equations to complex multi-dimensional models that may be used to understand potential hydrotechnical threats to pipelines and other structures. Furthermore, there are a variety of publicly available resources of relevant information to enhance pipeline operators' development and implementation of an effective water crossing program. The public resources include the United States Geological Survey, the National Weather Service within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Federal Emergency Management Administration, United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, and the Government of Canada.
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Anderson, Lowell A., Neal Black, Thomas J. Hagerty, John P. Kluge e Paul L. Sundberg. Pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s Disease) and Its Eradication: A Review of the U.S. Experience. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, outubro de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7207242.aphis.
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This report has been written to serve as a history of the U.S. Aujeszky’s Disease (Pseudorabies) Eradication Program and as a guide when future disease eradication programs are considered. The report provides an overview of the program and its history and is generally nontechnical, with specific sections written by subject matter experts. The information was compiled during 2007, three years after the last four States qualified for Stage V (Free) Status. This eradication effort was formally initiated in 1989. The contents of this report include a variety of information that represents the viewpoints of individuals participating in the eradication effort. To introduce the challenge of pseudorabies (PRV), the report covers characteristics of the virus and the history of the disease in the United States, followed by the emergence of virulent strains in the 1970s that coincided with management changes in the swine industry. The report also discusses early attempts at PRV control, vaccines, and diagnostic tools, and then reviews various pilot projects, individual State experiences, and national debate on the pros and cons of eradication versus control. In addition, the report offers details on the evolution and acceptance of a national eradication program, including debate among industry and State/Federal officials, funding, testing protocols, cleanup plans, and the development of gene-deleted vaccines and their complementary tests. The ongoing threat of reintroduction from feral swine and emergency response plans are also included. Lastly, the technical coordinators have included a chapter on lessons learned from our various viewpoints on the eradication effort.
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Funderburk, Brianna, e Lucas J. Misera. The Impact of Natural Disasters on Small Businesses. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, novembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55350/sbcs-20221115.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The 2021 Small Business Credit Survey (SBCS) found that 1 in 10 small employer businesses suffered losses from a natural disaster during the prior 12 months. According to the National Centers for Environmental Information, the United States experienced 20 billion-dollar natural disasters in 2021, making it one of the costliest years in recent history. Major events included Hurricane Ida, the historic cold wave in Texas and other southern states, and the destructive wildfire season in the West. To more deeply explore the impact of these and other natural disasters on small businesses, the SBCS includes a module of natural disaster-related questions for affected firms. This fact sheet outlines some of the major findings from the 2021 SBCS for employer firms with respect to natural disaster impact.
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Wezeman, Pieter D., Lucie Béraud-Sudreau, Alexandra Marksteiner e Nan Tian. A Practical Guide to State Participation in the UN Report on Military Expenditures. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, setembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/hqro4757.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The United Nations Report on Military Expenditures (UNMILEX) is a reporting Instrument established by the UN General Assembly. Each year all UN member states can voluntarily provide data on their military expenditures to enhance multilateral transparency in military matters. In recent years less than 50 states on average per year have participated in the instrument. However, most states release public information on their military spending at the national level, which could directly support submissions for UNMILEX. To assist the revival of the instrument and to contribute to transparency in military affairs, this guide aims to support officials in preparing their country’s annual submission for UNMILEX. It provides step-by step advice and concrete examples on how to use the information readily available in public government budget documents to fill in UNMILEX submissions. It discusses the definition of ‘military expenditure’ for UNMILEX purposes, shows where to find budget documents and explains whether to report on actual or planned expenditures. Most importantly, the guide gives instructions on how to transcribe data from national budget documents to the correct UNMILEX form. The focus is on making participation easy by using the simplified or single-figure form.