Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Global Earth environmental crisis"
Siga este link para ver outros tipos de publicações sobre o tema: Global Earth environmental crisis.
Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos
Veja os 50 melhores trabalhos (teses / dissertações) para estudos sobre o assunto "Global Earth environmental crisis".
Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.
Veja as teses / dissertações das mais diversas áreas científicas e compile uma bibliografia correta.
1
Stewart, Kyla J. "Re-membering our selves, our earth, engaged Buddhism and the search for a more integral response to the global environmental crisis". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ48412.pdf.
Texto completo da fonte
2
Stewart, Kyla J. (Kyla Jane) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "Re-membering our selves, our earth; engaged Buddhism and the search for a more 'integral' response to the global environmental crisis". Ottawa, 1999.
Encontre o texto completo da fonte
3
Doran, Peter. "Earth, power, knowledge : towards a critical global environmental politics". Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311223.
Texto completo da fonte
4
Rutherford, Paul. "Business environmental discourses at global Earth Summits : comparing Rio and Johannesburg". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21677.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Studies of global environmental politics have not paid much attention so far to the role and views of the international business community. This thesis seeks to analyse how the business community has approached global environmental issues as discussed at the so-called 'Earth Summits' in 1992 and 2002. The specific focus is to address the question of how the international environmental discourses of business have changed from one summit to another. Are there sufficient empirical grounds to suggest that business is progressing towards a unified and cohesive set of discursive themes and issues? The method used combines qualitative discourse analysis with quantitative content analysis. Combining the 'best of' these two approaches means that a more detailed and rigorous analysis of the content of a large amount of material can be undertaken. This is applied to compare the business discourse at the 1992 Rio and the 2002 Johannesburg Earth Summits. These are two of the key events in the formation of international environmental politics discourses and provide an excellent opportunity to examine the changing role of business over time. The empirical results of this work reveal some continuity, but also major changes within the discourses used by business actors at mega earth summits. There is a high level of continuity not only in the commitment to free market principles but also in the notion that embracing sustainable development is good for business. Looking at changes over time, among the key findings is that business appears increasingly willing to reach accommodation with environmental non-governmental organisations and is keen to overcome its traditionally defensive, reactive role, adopting a proactive approach to shaping the international environmental agenda. While the main elements of a new master business environmental discourse were formulated in 1992, the new approach only become dominant afterwards. By 2002, the discourse had not only been refined and extended, but it had also achieved a much higher level of consensus with the business community taking an active part in the Johannesburg summit. The thesis concludes by discussing the significance of these findings in our understanding of the environmental role of business within global environmental debates.
5
Chao, Eileen. "WWF's Earth Hour Campaign: ‘Global Village' or Eco-Imperialism?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32207.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The rapid spread of digital information and communication technologies since the turn of the century has led to renewed debates about globalisation and the power of new media to connect users across national, political and cultural borders. Environmental campaigns like WWF's Earth Hour, which touts itself as “the world's largest grassroots movement for the environment,” often adopt a utopian view of globalisation that celebrates what Marshall McLuhan termed the ‘global village'. While this global ethos might be useful in engaging the publics in collective action, this article argues that the way Earth Hour and similar campaigns actively construct representations of a single global village overlooks the lived inequalities between and among peoples within this imagined community. This article explores this tension using a quantitative and qualitative mixed-methods approach that combines a semiotic analysis of the Earth Hour 2019 promotional video, social media analysis of the use of #Connect2Earth hashtag among South African Twitter users, and in-depth interviews with current and former WWF-South Africa employees. This strategic approach is designed to juxtapose socially constructed representations of Earth Hour with on-the-ground user engagement in South Africa, and then triangulating these findings with qualitative interviews. The dissertation aims to explore the research question: In what ways does WWF's Earth Hour embody Marshall McLuhan's ideal ‘global village' and in what ways might it engender a form of eco-imperialism? This research question is operationalised through three subquestions: What kind of environmentalism do global environmental campaigns like Earth Hour promote? How do audiences in South Africa engage with Earth Hour on social media? How do local WWF of ices adapt global environmental campaigns to suit local audiences? This research contributes to emerging scholarship, rooted in environmental justice and decolonial studies, that is critical of mainstream environmental movements not to discourage environmental consciousness but to ultimately reformulate it.
6
Canova, Natalia. "Understanding the impacts of the 2007-08 global financial crisis on Brazil's forest sector: a qualitative study". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106595.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Economic downturns are known to affect the management of natural resources and the environment. Although statistics and industry figures have revealed some impacts of the 2007-08 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), its dynamics and long term consequences for forest management, particularly in the context of South America, are unknown. Using qualitative research methods, combining grounded theory and case study analysis, this research aimed to better understand how the GFC impacted sustainable forest management (SFM) in Brazil through the experiences and perceptions of highly knowledgeable stakeholders. This was done with a view to providing a more holistic and integrated perspective on the GFC and to inform future policy and management processes. Findings from this study indicate that the GFC interacted with other political, social and environmental phenomena to produce both negative and positive impacts on SFM in Brazil. Negative impacts included: 1) restrained production of forest-based products; 2) declines in exports; and 3) reduced investments in non-market driven socio-environmental projects. Conversely, opportunities associated with the GFC included: 1) realizing competitive advantages in the plantation sector; 2) restrained deforestation in the Amazon Basin resulting from increased risk aversion and a decline in timber demand; and 3) support for third-party forest certification to maintain access to risk-averse markets. Traditional forest-based communities that often operate within informal economies were not seen as being heavily impacted by the GFC. This study represents a first step towards improving our knowledge on the relationships between economic downturns and sustainable forest management in Brazil.Les ralentissements de l'activité économique sont connus pour affecter la gestion des resources naturelles. Bien que les statistiques et les données du domaine industriel ont revélé certains impacts de la Crise Globale Économique (CGE), ca dynamique et conséquences à long terme pour la gestion des forêts, en particulier en Amérique du Sud, sont inconnus. En utilisant des méthodes de recherche qualitatives, tout en combinant la théorie enracinée et l'étude de cas, cette recherche a pour objectif de comprendre comment la CGE a affecté la gestion soutenable des forêts au Brésil, au travers des expériences et perceptions de dépositaire bien informés. Ces méthodes ont été choisi pour donner une approche plus holistique et pour intégrer les perceptions sur la CGE dans le but d'informer les politiques futures et les procédures de gestions. Cette recherche montre que la CGE a interagit avec d'autre phenomene politique, sociales et environementales pour produire des effets positifs et negatifs sur la gestion soutenable des forêts au Brésil. Les impacts négatifs incluent: 1) une production resserrée de produits dérivés des forêts; 2) déclins des exports; et 3) investissements reduits dans les projets socio-économiques non visé au marche. Réciproquement, les avantages associés avec la CGE incluent: 1) réaliser des avantages compétitifs dans le secteur de forêts plantées; 2) déforestation retenu dans le bassin de l'Amazone resultant de l'aversion au risque et de la baisse de demande de bois et 3) support de tiers pour la certification forestière pour mantenir l'accès au marche. Les communautés forestières traditionnelles qui opèrent des économies informalles n'ont pas été autant touché par la CGE. Cette étude représente une première étape afin d'améliorer notre connaissance sur les relations entre récession économiques et la gestion soutenable des forêts au Brésil.
7
Kahn, Richard Vernon. "The ecopedagogy movement from global ecological crisis to cosmological, technological, and organizational transformation in education /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481673071&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completo da fonte
8
Washbourne, Neil J. "Beyond iron laws : information technology and social transformation in the global environmental movement". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298929.
Texto completo da fonte
9
Filion, Anna-Belle. "Severe weather intensity index using the 1-km global environmental multiscale limited area model output". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119464.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Severe weather (SW) can have a huge impact on someone's life and property. Presently at Environment Canada (EC), there is no useful automated tool to help the forecasters in their SW forecast. The goal of this thesis was to develop a useful automated tool to help the SW forecasters in their SW predictions. A severe weather intensity (SWI) index was created from the 1-km Global Environmental Multiscale Limited Area Model (GEM-LAM) outputs. The GEM-LAM 1-km was run on summer days in 2008 and 2009 over Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. The dataset of summer 2009 was used to create algorithms that use the model's outputs to detect severe thunderstorm structural features, compute the quantity of the ingredients needed to initiate severe thunderstorms, and estimate the intensity and the type of SW expected. The post-processed fields were subjectively verified with the SW observations and radar images for the summer of 2009 leading to a decision tree for the SWI index for each region. An object-oriented method was used to verify the SWI index forecasts with the SW observations for the summer of 2008. The results showed that the SWI index forecast was very accurate over Ontario, accurate over Quebec, and much less accurate over Alberta. The lack of SW observations and the model's spin up mainly affected the results. Finally, the skill of the SWI index forecast was compared to the forecaster-derived SW forecast to verify if the index could help the SW forecasters to improve their SW forecast. The results indicate that the SWI index could improve the prediction of SW events, but not the positioning.Le temps violent (TV) estival peut avoir un impact important sur la vie des gens et leurs biens. En ce moment, aucun outil n'est assez performant pour aider les prévisionnistes à prévoir le TV. Cette thèse a pour but de créer un outil automatisé pour aider les prévisionnistes dans leurs prévisions de TV d'été. Un indice d'intensité de TV à été créé à partir des données du modèle global environnemental à multiéchelles à aire limitée (GEM-LAM) avec une résolution horizontale de 1 km. Le GEM-LAM 1-km à été roulé pour tous les jours d'été 2008 et 2009 sur les régions de l'Alberta, le sud de l'Ontario et le sud du Québec. Les données de l'été 2009 ont été utilisées pour créer des algorithmes qui utilisent les sorties du modèle pour détecter les structures particulières aux orages violents, évaluer les quantités de plusieurs éléments nécessaires à la formation d'orages violents, et estimer l'intensité et le type de TV attendu. Les champs post-traités ont été subjectivement analysé avec les observations de TV et les images radar pour l'été 2009 permettant de bâtir un arbre de décision pour l'indice d'intensité de TV pour chaque région. Une méthode par objet a été utilisée pour faire une vérification des prévisions de l'indice d'intensité de TV avec les observations de TV pour l'été 2008. Les résultats montrent que la prévision de l'indice d'intensité de TV est très juste pour l'Ontario, est assez juste pour le Québec, mais l'ai beaucoup moins pour l'Alberta. Le faible nombre d'observations de TV et le temps d'ajustement du modèle affectent les résultats. Finalement, la précision de l'indice d'intensité de TV et celle de la prévision de TV émit par un prévisionniste ont été comparées de façon à vérifier si l'indice peut aider le prévisionniste à améliorer sa prévision. Les résultats démontrent que l'indice d'intensité de TV pourrait améliorer la prévision d'un évènement, mais pas son positionnement.
10
Hadley, Kershaw Eleanor. "Co-producing Future Earth : ambiguity and experimentation in the governance of global environmental change research". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49869/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate efforts to transform global environmental change research through co-design and co-production (involving non-academic actors in research governance and conduct). Social scientific work to date on this topic has largely taken an evaluative perspective, outlining challenges of and guidelines for co-production on the ground. By contrast, there is little work on how co-production is conceptualised and put into practice through (international) research governance. Yet institutions aiming to govern research are significant arbiters of meaning and power; their efforts to change research are worthy of investigation. The thesis is based on a qualitative case study of Future Earth, a major international research initiative on global environmental change (GEC) and sustainability. Future Earth is unique in its ambition to internationally coordinate and co-design/co-produce new GEC/sustainability research at a global scale. The study is grounded in co-productionist, interpretive science and technology studies, drawing on ideas about political imaginaries of science and experimental approaches to engagement. It is based on thematic analysis of data from documents, interviews, focus groups and observation of Future Earth’s emergence and development between 2010 and 2015. The analysis suggests that visions of Future Earth were ambitious, diverse and sometimes ambiguous, evoking two potential institutional forms: a unified, cohesive ‘flagship’, or a ‘rich tapestry’ of varied initiatives. Ambiguity persisted in how co-production and related concepts were understood, with varying definitions motivated by different rationales for increased (or limited) involvement of non-academic stakeholders, from ensuring relevance to democratising expertise to preserving the objectivity or independence of science. These notions of appropriate engagement were underpinned by disparate conceptions of the value of research (as a service to society, site of democratic deliberation, or public good), reproducing (and challenging) established models of science and democracy. The thesis argues that, from an experimental perspective, this ambiguity in visions of (co-production in) Future Earth can be seen to enable flexibility and allow differences to co-exist. This might require new, perhaps radical, thinking about how to organise, conduct and value research and its outcomes, with an increased emphasis on fostering, appreciating and productively working with diversity and institutional indeterminacy.
11
Lenferna, Georges Alexandre. "Creating a new declaration of rights : a critical reconstruction of earth jurisprudence's global legislative framework". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001979.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This thesis aims to critique the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Mother Earth and its underlying moral justification in order to provide a stronger and improved version of both. In Chapter 1 I explore what sort of moral justification is necessary to establish the Universal Declaration on firm grounds and explore its relation to environmental ethics and rights discourse. I argue that a non-anthropocentric perspective is necessary to justify the Universal Declaration’s rights. In Chapter 2 I explore the underlying justification of the Universal Declaration as discovered in the works of Cormac Cullinan and Father Thomas Berry. I argue that their ethical framework is indeterminate, has many ambiguities and uncertainties, and, among other problems, it does not provide a clear action-guiding framework. In Chapter 3 I develop an alternative justification for the Universal Declaration. I argue against many predominant moral theories, that in light of our best scientific and moral understanding we should expand the realm of moral concern to include all living beings, a moral theory I call Life’s Imperative. In Chapter 4 I illustrate that Life’s Imperative is a much stronger, more coherent justification for the Universal Declaration, one that coheres with both our best understanding of the natural world and our relation to it, and to an environmental ethic reflective of that relationship. Unfortunately many of the weaknesses in the current implicit justification of the Universal Declaration have also led to it enshrining rights that are themselves problematic. In order to address these issues, I revise its rights to accord with the stronger justification that I established in Chapter 3. The end result of doing so is a revised version of the Universal Declaration
12
Wardle, Cassandra J. "Conservation Contributions of Ecotourism Enterprises". Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389697.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Context: Non-traditional means of environmental protection are being used with increasing frequency to address the global conservation crisis and make up the shortfall in government conservation spending. Ecotourism is one such mechanism that has been adopted widely for community development and conservation purposes in both practice and policy, particularly in developing nations due to the potential to combine social and commercial benefits with conservation goals. However, evaluations of how ecotourism enterprises fit into the ecotourism-conservation relationship are a relatively recent trend. Findings from the literature review of this thesis reveal that our current understanding of this relationship is limited to (1) hand-picked sites located primarily in developing nations; (2) a narrow group of predominantly visitor and community focused conservation activities; and (3) inconsistent evaluation approaches that often lack repeatability and transferability. As such, the evidence base for this relationship is currently insufficient.
Aim: This thesis addressed this gap through a multidisciplinary mixed methods approach to identify and explore the conservation practices of ecotourism enterprises at both a broad global scale and a detailed national scale within Australia.
Approach: An evaluation framework incorporating a matrix of 27 feasible actions and 26 potential conservation outcomes was constructed through data mining, qualitative content analysis and iterative inductive coding of sources from a range of disciplines and sectors.
This framework was used to guide an assessment of the conservation activities of 86 fixed-site eco-certified enterprises in Australia and evaluate their contributions to national conservation priorities. Certification by the national industry association, Ecotourism Australia, is pervasive in Australia, so these 86 sites are likely to represent the highest performing enterprises and their aggregate achievements provide a good approximation to continental scale contributions.
Finally, the conservation practices of these 86 sites and the content of the national certification program were compared with the national conservation policy landscape to identify key overlaps and gaps for progressing the ecotourism-conservation relationship in Australia.
Findings: Findings demonstrate that this group of Australian ecotourism enterprises generate a myriad of conservation gains through social and ecological actions. However, the significance of the conservation practices of these sites varied greatly, with some sites making important contributions to threatened species or ecosystems, and others simply listing actions with little focus on their extent or outcomes.
All sites took some action to revegetate cleared land and remove non-native flora, and 75% of sites targeted non-native fauna. However, only 54% of sites reported improved habitat; only 7% successfully eradicated at least one weed species; and just 6% eradicated at least one introduced fauna species (including feral cats, foxes and rabbits). Legally binding conservation agreements were established by 63% of sites covering 2,400km2 in total; however, these are in-perpetuity agreements for just 25 sites covering 1,550km2. Nevertheless, 41% of sites share a border with a public protected area, effectively extending the public protected area network by an additional 650km2.
Specific conservation actions such as threat management and nest provision were reported for 61 threatened plant and animal species. These include 27 bird species, 15 mammals, 8 plants, 4 reptiles, 2 rays, and a single monotreme, amphibian, crustacean, freshwater fish, and insect. Fifteen of these species are covered by National Recovery Plans or Priority Plans including 4 mammals: the woylie bettong, 2 species of quoll, and 1 subspecies of bandicoot. How many individuals of each of these species occur on each of these ecotourism sites, however, is generally not specified, so these contributions cannot currently be quantified.
Conclusions: Many of these certified ecotourism enterprises claim a range of contributions to conservation. The emphasis in the reporting practices of enterprises, however, is on: actions taken rather than ecologically quantified outcomes; achievements reported qualitatively rather than quantitatively; and unspecified contributions to larger-scale efforts, such as National Recovery Plans for threatened species. One reason for this is that the eco-certification program relies only on a tick-box list of actions rather than a set of quantified, monitored, and ecologically significant conservation outcomes. It appears that some of these ecotourism enterprises do indeed make ecologically significant contributions, commensurate with their relatively small scale; but in its current form, the certification program neither encourages nor rewards these. For this program to progress beyond “a commitment to nature conservation” and contribute meaningfully to conservation goals, it will need substantial reworking.
Additionally, findings demonstrate several areas where the conservation activities of ecotourism sites overlap with national conservation priorities, highlighting the collaboration potential between these sectors. However, this study also reveals that tourism is predominantly acknowledged by national conservation policy in Australia as a driver for environmental protection as well as an impact that must be managed, and is not yet widely acknowledged as an industry that can contribute to conservation goals.
By (1) developing a framework for systematically evaluating the conservation impacts of ecotourism enterprises; (2) providing a contribution to the evidence base necessary for the substantiated use of ecotourism as a conservation mechanism; (3) identifying key opportunities for conservation-ecotourism collaborations and strategic investments; and (4) highlighting priority improvement areas for ecotourism sites and Ecotourism Australia to increase their eligibility and attractiveness as investment options for government grants and programs, this thesis has important implications for operators, researchers, policymakers, and eco-certification bodies.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
13
Biggin, Andrew J. "An experimental and analytical assessment of geomagnetic intensity variation since the Devonian : links with global geological processes". Thesis, Kingston University, 2001. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20670/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study was broadly concerned with acquiring geomagnetic palaeointensity estimates and interpreting existing data in the wider context of the global geodynamic system. Two-hundred and ninety-eight samples from nine suites of Mesozoic and Permian intrusions (comprising thirty-one individual rock units) from eastern Australia were subjected to rock magnetic and palaeodirectional analyses. The grain size distributions of these were generally observed to contain a significant fraction of large pseudo-single domain (PSD) and multi-domain (MD) grains. This frequently allowed a substantial part of their blocking temperature spectrum (- 350°C) to be overprinted by a thermal event affecting this region during the mid-Cretaceous. The modified Thellier palaeointensity method was employed on samples from seven of the intrusion suites producing virtual dipole moment (VDM) estimates generally lower than the present value (8 x 1022 Am2) and variable in quality. Mean values of VDM were obtained for the following periods: 90 Ma « 5.9 x 1022 Am2); 127 Ma (7.9 x 1022 Am2); 172 Ma (1.2 x 1022 Arn); 200 - 178 Ma (6.3 x 1022 Am2); 255 Ma (7.5 x 1022 Arrr'). Despite being in good agreement with previously acquired data, few of these estimates satisfied all conventional acceptance criteria and consequently a reliability (R) factor was invoked to allow qualitative comparisons of estima~es tobe made. A simulated Thellier experiment was also performed on pre-treated rock samples containing magnetic grains dominantly within the single domain (SD) range. This produced a surprising amount of variable non-ideal behaviour. In particular, a number of samples significantly overestimated the 'palaeointensity' when only a low temperature, seemingly ideal, portion of their blocking temperature spectra was used. Five proposed mechanisms of non-ideal behaviour succeeded in explaining most of this non-ideal behaviour and correcting the results of 50% of the samples. One of these, 'demagnetisation bias,' could be developed into an extremely useful tool for correcting convex-down NRM-TRM plots produced by assemblages of Ml) grains and allow this widespread problem to be overcome in future palaeointensity studies. The global dipole moment record for the period 400 - 10 Ma was subject to a detailed statistical analysis allowing it to be segmented into periods defined by the distribution of the data themselves. Additionally, a system of grouping estimates into 'rock suites' was developed to avoid over-representation of secular variation (SV) in the record. Variation of poloidal field strength (PFS; recorded in VDM estimates) since the Devonian was shown to be largely decoupled from geomagnetic reversal frequency except during superchrons when its lower limit may have been raised. It was discovered that periods of intense true polar wander (TPW) and large igneous province (LIP) emplacement, which have previously been associated with changes in reversal, frequency, may perturb the geodynamo's capacity to generate poloidal field but certainly do not control it An excellent time correlation between PFS and the supercontinent amalgamation-dispersion cycle since the Devonian was observed. The following model, comprising four' phases, was developed to explain this. (l) Prior to the formation of Pangaea (> 350 Ma) the 'upper and lower mantle convected separately, the latter was hot allowing only a small heat flux across the CMB, and consequently PFS was kept low. (2) During the final assembly of Pangaea (350 - 325 Ma), there was a catastrophic avalanche of cold material through the 660 km transition into the lower mantle which increased CMB heat flux and PFS dramatically. (3) The maintenance of Pangaea through the period 325 - 180 Ma allowed both the upper and lower mantle to wann gradually, causing PFS to fall steadily. (4) In the mid-Jurassic, the continents began to disperse and the high temperature contrast between lithosphere and mantle provided the subducting slabs with sufficient momentum to penetrate the 660 km transition and gradually cool the lower mantle, PFS has risen (steadily or in small jumps) since this time as a consequence. This model is entirely consistent with long-term trends in PFS since the Devonian, and provides a benchmark to be tested by the addition of more palaeointensity data and quantitative mantle modelling.
14
Kurtz, Reed Michael. "Climate Change and the Ecology of the Political: Crisis, Hegemony, and the Struggle for Climate Justice". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566180060639625.
Texto completo da fonte
15
Knapp, van Bogaert Donna. "Earth, air, fire and water : moral responsibility and the problem of global drug resistance". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49936.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation, I grapple with the problem of global drug resistance and moral responsibility which, as far as I am aware, has so far not been presented as a topic of ethical inquiry. It represents a conundrum involving three major factors: microbial adaptation and change, human social factors and environmental changes. Drug resistance is a phenomenon in which certain microorganisms, when exposed to antimicrobial agents, may acquire the beneficial trait of drug resistance which ensures a better potential for their survival. The acquired trait of drug resistance I argue renders such microorganisms 'supra-natural '. Supra-natural is a term I coin for entities that have been imposed upon nature by human design; they do not follow the natural evolutionary processes of adaptation and change. Drug resistance is classified as an emerging infectious disease. Human social factors and environmental change (particularly population growth, density and consumerist practices) enhance the rise of emerging infectious diseases. Through such increasing destructive practices, stress is placed on the environment. Environmental stress facilitates the rise of new and old infectious diseases and the spread of drug resistant supra-natural microorganisms. Thus, our ability to treat successfully illnesses and injuries in humans, animals and plants is increasingly impaired. Morally, we are responsible for the problem of global drug resistance. Drug resistant microorganisms exist in nature and concerning this, we can do nothing. At best, we can only try to control the problem using prudential measures. The problem of global drug resistance represents both a biomedical ethical and an environmental ethical issue. Is there a way out of the human-nature debate? Through Bryan Norton's enlightened anthropocentrism, I identify the ways in which his thesis may be applied to the problem of human and environmental concerns and show its applicability in broadening the parameters of biomedical ethics education to include environmental concerns. Key words: biomedical ethics, environmental ethics, drug resistance, Supra-natural' microorganisms, ethics education, enlightened-anthropocentrism.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie proefskrif bespreek ek die probleem van die verskynsel dat mikroorganismes op 'n globale skaal weerstand begin bied teen mediese middels (globale middel-weerstandigheid) en die morele verantwoordelikheid wat dit oproep - 'n probleem wat, na my beste wete, nog nooit aangebied is as 'n tema van etiesfilosofiese ondersoek nie. Dit verteenwoordig 'n kompleks van drie belangrike oorwegings: mikrobiese aanpassings en veranderinge, menslike sosiale faktore, en omgewingsveranderinge. Middel-weerstandigheid is 'n verskynsel waarin sekere mikro-organismes, wanneer hulle blootgestel word aan antimikrobiese agente, die (vir hulself) voordelige kenmerk kan bekom van weerstandigheid teen die middel; iets wat 'n beter potensiaal vir hul eie oorlewing verseker. Hierdie bekomde kenmerk (middel-weerstandigheid) maak, volgens my argument, sulke mikro-organismes 'supra-natuurlik'. Supra-natuurlik is 'n term wat ek munt vir entiteite wat aan die natuur blootgestel is as gevolg van menslike ontwerp; hulle volg nie die natuurlike evolusionêre prosesse van adaptasie en verandering nie. Middel-weerstandigheid word geklassifiseer as 'n opkomende aansteeklike siekte. Menslike sosiale faktore en omgewingsveranderinge (veral bevolkingsgroei, -digtheid and verbruikerspraktyke ) vergroot die opkoms van aansteeklike siektes. Deur sodanige toenemende destruktiewe praktyke word stres geplaas op die omgewing. Omgewingstres fasiliteer die opkoms van nuwe en ou aansteeklike siektes asook die verspreiding van weerstandige supra-natuurlike mikro-organismes. Ons vermoë om siektes en beserings van mense suksesvol te behandel, word gevolglik toenemend ondermyn. Moreel gesproke is ons verantwoordelik vir die probleem van globale middelweerstandigheid. Middel-weerstandige mikro-organismes bestaan in die natuur, en aan daardie feit as sodanig kan ons niks doen nie. Ons kan, ten beste, probeer om die probleem te beheer deur middel van verstandige maatreëls. Die probleem van globale middel-weerstandigheid verteenwoordig sowel 'n biomedies-etiese as 'n omgewingsetiese kwessie. Is daar 'n uitweg uit die mens-natuur debat? Ek identifiseer, met 'n beroep op Bryan Norton se swak antroposentrisme, maniere waarop sy tese toegepas sou kon word op die probleem van menslike en omgewingsoorgwegings Ek wys ook op die toepaslikheid daarvan vir die verbreding van die parameters van biomediese etiek-opvoeding ten einde omgewingsoorwegings deel van lg. te maak. Kembegrippe: biomediese etiek, omgewingsetiek, middel-weerstandigheid, 'Supra- . natuurlike' mikro-organismes, etiek-opvoeding, swak antroposentrisme.
16
Hoeweler, Gwyneth Rhiannon. "An Internship Report for the Institute of Environmental Science Global Vision International and Imago Earth Center". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1228922490.
Texto completo da fonte
17
chi, coppinger t. "Reciprocity Among All Things: A Personal Endeavor in the Environmental Crisis". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461341953.
Texto completo da fonte
18
Elem, Stephen Nwanchor. "Transformation towards sustainable living under global education approach : international students’ experience". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2014. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/550499/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study is centred on transformation towards sustainable living. It investigated how global education prepares learners to live a sustainable lifestyle. To explore this area, the concept of sustainability, global education and transformative learning were critically examined, with a view to finding their relationships. Literature on sustainability, transformative learning and global education were reviewed to find out how their relationships impact on international students learning about sustainable living. The focus of the thesis is on environmental sustainability, especially through management of anthropogenic factors. The mixed methods research, involving the collection of quantitative and qualitative data was employed for the study. Quantitative data collection was done using survey instruments while qualitative data collection was through face-to-face interview of research participants. Each set of data was collected and analysed separately. The outcomes of the analysis of the two sets of data were integrated at the stage of discussion of findings. The aim of the study was to find out whether global education transforms learners towards sustainable living. Findings from the study showed that global education field transforms students towards sustainable living. Evidence from the study suggests that global education help students to acquire the skills and knowledge required for living sustainably. Also, the actions and behaviours of international students were found to be influenced more towards sustainable lifestyle than those from the host country. The degree of transformation students experience was measured by attitude change, intention to change and actions of students toward the environment. This study contributed to the conceptual understanding of the relationship between global education and transformation of learners towards sustainable living. It made both theoretical and practical contribution to knowledge. The findings from the study will be of benefit to different impact groups. These groups include business organisations, policy makers in government, educational institutions, and individuals.
19
Nascimento, Lusimeire Pereira do. "Conferências das Nações Unidas e política ambiental global: o protagonismo brasileiro". Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2484.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2016-09-01T17:21:20Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
PDF - Lusimeire Pereira do Nascimento.pdf: 1575229 bytes, checksum: a454e20f7dd907a54cd2e8210f7874af (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T17:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Lusimeire Pereira do Nascimento.pdf: 1575229 bytes, checksum: a454e20f7dd907a54cd2e8210f7874af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-05
Capes
This essay is focused on the study of the United Nations Conference on Environment, understanding them as international policy-making mechanisms for confrontation of global environmental crisis. Although environmental discussions have emerged internationally in the early twentieth century, this problem arose with the European expansion to the Americas, resulting of the natural resources exploitation´s in the colonies to meet the needs of the core countries, which was subsequently deepened with the industrial revolutions. Despite the high degree of pollution caused by these factors, the first treaties were about regulating the exploitation of natural resources in the colonies. Only with the announcement of the impending environmental crisis report The Limits of Growth that occurred linking the model development with natural resource degradation. This association was institutionalized with the realization of the UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm (1972), whose objective was to evaluate the actions at the national and international levels to suppress the degradation of the human environment through the creation of a model that harmonizing the management of natural resources and economy, giving rise to the postulates of ecological development. In that event, Brazil played an important leadership role in the defense and approval of this model in the final documents of the Conference, through the principle of absolute sovereignty. By following the "improvement" of ecological development postulates’ occurred during the meeting of the World Commission on Environment and Development which reinforced the need to think about this "new" model for balancing economic and environmental management, rising to the postulates of sustainable development. In this context, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development was held in Rio de Janeiro (1992), that objective of assessing strategies, programs, actions and achievements in the national and international levels that ensured environmental preservation in harmony with the development. At that time, Brazil has also served as a leader and facilitator of discussions to defend these postulates, considered as an environmental power for its mega diversity and its power decision-making in the definition of global environmental policy. Therefore, the present essay studies, from the premises (neo) liberal, the United Nations Conference on Environment as the locus of global environmental policy, understanding Brazil as key in the dissemination and formulation of these premises. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, from a documentary and bibliographic analysis of the Brazilian Environmental Conferences and positioning.
O presente trabalho tem como tema central o estudo das Conferências das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente, entendendo-as como mecanismos de formulação de política internacional para enfrentamento da crise ambiental planetária. Embora as discussões ambientais tenham surgido no âmbito internacional no início do século XX, essa problemática surgiu com a expansão europeia às Américas, originando a exploração de recursos naturais das colônias para suprir as necessidades dos países centrais, impulsionando o comércio e a economia desses países, o que, posteriormente, foi aprofundado com as revoluções industriais. Apesar do alto grau de poluição ocasionado por esses fatores, os primeiros tratados versavam sobre a regulamentação da exploração dos recursos naturais nas colônias. Apenas com a realização da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente Humano, em Estocolmo (1972), que o vínculo entre desenvolvimento e degradação dos recursos naturais foi institucionalizado. Essa conferencia objetivou avaliar as ações nos âmbitos nacional e internacional para suprimir a degradação do meio ambiente humano a partir da ótica desenvolvimentista. Nesse evento, o Brasil desempenhou um papel importante de liderança na defesa e aprovação deste modelo nos documentos finais da Conferência, através do princípio de soberania absoluta. Por seguinte, foi realizada a Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, no Rio de Janeiro (1992), com o objetivo de aferir estratégias, programas, ações e avanços no âmbito nacional e internacional que garantiam a preservação ambiental em harmonia com o desenvolvimento. Nessa ocasião, o Brasil também desempenhou a função de líder e promotor das discussões ao defender esses postulados, concretizando seu papel de importante ator internacional das causas ambientais, sendo, por muitas vezes, considerado uma potência ambiental tanto pela sua reconhecida megadiversidade quanto pelo seu poder de decisão e conciliação na definição da política ambiental global. Portanto, o presente trabalho estuda, a partir das premissas (neo)liberais, as Conferências das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente como o lócus da política ambiental global, entendendo o Brasil como país chave na disseminação e formulação dessas premissas. A metodologia utilizada nesse trabalho é a qualitativa, a partir de uma análise documental e bibliográfica sobre as Conferências Ambientais e o posicionamento brasileiro.
20
Popescu, Speranta Maria. "Continental and Marine Environmental changes in Europe induced by Global Climate variability and Regional Paleogeography Changes". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350116.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
My PhD and post-doctorate researches have focused on paleoclimatic, paleogeographical and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Mediterranean Basin and its adjacent seas (i.e. the residual former Paratethys) since 11 Ma. During this time-interval the Mediterranean marine and continental environments were affected by significant paleogeographic changes, forced by global climate and sea-level variability, plate tectonics and regional uplift of Alps s.l. and Carpathians. Two main important events characterize this period: the isolation and evolution of Paratethys and the almost complete desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea, an event known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis. I selected this region because it is very rich in long and continuous sediment archives, which document: (1) climate evolution of the Northern Hemisphere during the Late Cenozoic with respect to vegetation changes, and (2) progressive evolution of initially marine environments towards brackish and freshwater ones. The brackish to fresh environments had a profound effect on the marine organisms (especially dinoflagellates) that responded to the stress by developing a large variety of cyst morphologies, often described as new genera and/or species. Methods. The comparative analysis of pollen grains and dinoflagellate cysts from the same samples is rarely performed for such a long time-interval because it needs a deep knowledge in taxonomy and ecology of the both complementary proxies. I reached this parallel expertise, having the benefit of training in (1) botanical identification of pollen grains from the tropical to boreal zones and their ecological significance by Dr. J.-P. Suc, (2) taxonomy and ecology of dinoflagellate cysts by Pr. M. J. Head. To achieve an understanding of the primary factor inducing morphological variations of dinoflagellate cysts, I developed a biological approach (culturing and growing of present-day living dinoflagellates and inducing stress on microcultures experimentations) under supervision of Pr. J. Lewis (Westminster University, London, UK) and Drs. D. Anderson and D. Kulis (WHOI, USA) during my postdoc appointments. The simultaneous work on living and fossil (using biometry and associated statistical analyses) dinoflagellate cysts has allowed me to initiate the development of a transfer function, widely valid and able for the modelling of the physical parameters of sea-surface waters (salinity, temperature, nutrient contents). Such analyses were performed at high- to very high-chronological resolution, as resulting from the following approach: (1) independently established age-model, based on classical biostratigraphy or radiocarbon ages (for recent sediments), completed by magnetostratigraphy for deposits prior to Mid–Quaternary; (2) comprehensive counting of pollen grains (150 per sample, Pinus or any overabundant taxon excepted) and dinoflagellate cysts (200-300 per sample); (3) interpreting the resulting data with respect to ecological requirements. High- to very high-resolution analyses provides results directly comparable with classical oxygen isotope curves. These signals can therefore also be tuned to the frequency of eccentricity, obliquity and precession cycles. Although palynological proxies can be considered as standard, my integrated approach hoists them at the level of the most competitive methods. Another aspect consists in its present-day background, based on many surface samples from the Mediterranean, Marmara and Black seas, taken during several cruises and sampling parties at IFREMER-Brest and WHOI. To develop parallel analyses of pollen grains and dinoflagellate cysts offers additional considerable interests, such as (1) continuous records of climatic changes and sea-level variations independently from sediment types, and (2) quantifications (using transfer functions) of climate for both continental and marine (to brackish) realms as well as of physical oceanic parameters (SST, SSS, nutrient content etc.).Results and research in progress
Using pollen grains analysis, I developed investigations on vegetation dynamics and paleoclimate reconstructions for the whole Mediterranean region and Western Europe extended to the Late Cenozoic (Jiménez-Moreno et al., 2007; Fauquette et al., 2006). Thanks to the high-chronologic resolution:
a. I established the response of regional vegetation to eccentricity forcing in SW Romania (Dacic Basin) and Black Sea (DSDP Site380) whatever the sediment types (Popescu, 2001, 2006; Popescu et al., 2006a);
b. I was the first to demonstrate the precession forcing on regional vegetation (Popescu et al., 2006b) through the Lupoaia pollen record (SW Romania);
c. in the frame of two PhD theses that I co-supervise, pollen grain and dinoflagellate cyst records from DSDP Site 380 (7 - 4 Ma) were completed from 4 Ma to Present in order to evidence the impact of glacial-interglacial cycles over the regional vegetation and to reconstruct the climate variability for the last 7 Ma;
d. I was the first to demonstrate the solar cycles forcing (Hale and Gleissberg cycles) on the regional vegetation (through the “Thermophilous trees / Artemisia” ratio) since the Last Glacial Maximum were evidenced in cored sediments from the Black and Marmara seas (unpublished data), that is a unique outcome.
Using the biometric approach on the dinoflagellate cysts in association with statistical analyses, I demonstrated that fluctuations in salinity are partially responsible for modifying size, shape and ornamentation of the cysts, providing the first reliable paleoecological and paloebiogeographic reconstructions of the brackish Paratethyan basins (Popescu et al., palynology , in press).
Simultaneously, I performed experimental cultures on a living-dinoflagellate species (Scrippsiella trifida): suggested relationships between cyst morphological variations and stress under controlled salinity are confirmed by the preliminary results, while reproduction rate seems also modified (unpublished data).
The multi-proxy (palynology, sedimentology and geochemistry) study on the Aral Sea, done by the first PhD student that I co-supervised, allowed not only the reconstruction of the regional paleoclimate and paleoenvironments, but also permitted to understand the atmosphere dynamics of the last 2 ka over the high latitudes (Sorrel et al., 2006, 2007).
Hence, my palynological and biological expertise offers an exclusive tool for establishing a continuous high resolution chronology, paleoclimatic, paleobiogeographic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. This is particularly important for the basins impacted by important environmental changes, such as the Mediterranean and Black seas, the sediments of the latter being precisely dated for the first time by this approach.
I do no want to close this Introduction Section without addressing my largest acknowledgements to those who supported my researches and expressed their interest in my project, providing personal grants and/or financial assistance for achieving my researches, and especially the PhD and master – graduation students that I appreciated so much to co-supervise.
21
Uhrqvist, Ola. "Seeing and Knowing the Earth as a System : An Effective History of Global Environmental Change Research as Scientific and Political Practice". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110654.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Previous research connecting scientific knowledge production with governing of the global environment usually start in international climate change negotiations and related assessments. From that vantage point Earth system science and models are studied as an expansion of Global Circulation Models. By tracing of the history of the present Earth system outlook this thesis offers a reflection about how scientific knowledge produce and connects problems with descriptions of desired order of things and strategies to get there. Knowledge becomes a productive power by shaping fields of possible action in relation to the global environment. The interpreted empirical material consists of scientific discussions from the International global environmental change programmes and particularly the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and the International Human Dimensions Programme on global environmental change (IHDP). The studied period spans from the start of the planning of the IGBP in 1983 to the presentation of the new research programme Future Earth in 2013. The thesis is organised around the effects of the IGBP’s strategy to use predictive Earth system models as a tool to bring a broad range of scientific disciplines together. The results demonstrate the historicity of the present Earth system outlook by showing how ecosystems and human dimensions were attributed new and more important roles as drivers of global change. The thesis also argue for the need to approach the ‘Earth system’ as a result of a productive tension between top-down perspectives found in global modelling and bottom-up empirical research engaging with process interactions down to local scales.Genom att studera diskussioner inom internationella miljöforskningsprogram spårar den här avhandlingen framväxten av dagens syn på planeten jorden som ett sammanlänkat system – Jordsystemet. Kopplingen mellan makt och kunskap, styrning och mentaliteter, ligger till grund för studiens tolkande ansats. Den knyter samman sätt att betrakta och beräkna den globala miljön, grunden för jordsystemperspektivet, och de handlingsalternativ det synliggör inom politik och vetenskap. Studien baseras primärt på analyser av arkivmaterial från International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) och International Human Dimensions Programme of Global Environmental Change (IHDP). Tillsammans representerar dessa två program ett brett nätverk för forskning om globala miljöförändringar. Den undersökta perioden startar i och med planeringen av IGBP 1983 och avslutas 2013 med att Future Earth etableras som ett nytt internationellt program för forskning om globala miljöförändringar. Avhandlingen undersöker effekter av IGBPs strategi att använda prediktiva Jordsystemmodeller som ett redskap för att integrera och koordinera forskningen om globala miljöförändringar. Studiens resultat visar på historiciteten i nuvarande sätt att betrakta Jordsystemet. Framförallt studeras hur introducerandet av ekologisk och social komplexitet i förståelsen och modelleringen av Jordsystemet hänger samman med en förändrad bild av relationen människa-miljö och därmed också bilden av globala miljöförändringar som vetenskapligt och politiskt problem. Avhandlingen visar att förståelsen av Jordsystemet vuxit fram i en produktiv spänning mellanovanifrånperspektivet i globala modeller och lokalt förankrad socio-ekologisk interaktion.
22
van, Schaik Florian. "Global satellite data as proxies for urbanization in flood prone areas". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353425.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Delta regions are typically characterized by their high population density, low elevation, and risk of flooding. Long term planning and preparation is needed to mitigate the adverse effects of floods. Disaster management planning and flood protection measures require information about urbanization patterns, but this information is lacking in many parts of the world. Global satellite data could potentially aid or replace local urbanization data in such data scarce areas. This master thesis assesses the suitability of two global satellite datasets to serve as proxies for urbanization in flood prone areas: the Global Human Settlement (data for 1975, 1990, 2000 and 2014) and stable Nighttime Lights data series (annual data, 1992-2013). The assessment is performed through comparison of spatial-temporal urbanization trends of the global datasets with a previous study performed in the Netherlands using detailed local data. These spatial-temporal trends involve the share or urban area that is situated in flood prone zones and the average inundation depth. Through analysis based on Geographic Information Systems it was found that the Global Human Settlement data series indicates a stable increase in the percentage of urban area in flood prone zones from 31.60% in 1975 to 36.54% in 2014. Potentially, this increase results from the flood protection measures installed between 1954 and 1997. The Nighttime Lights data series shows values of around 36% throughout its time period, with no clear increase or decrease. These values are on average 15-17% higher over the whole time series than the values found with the use of the local data. The Global Human Settlements dataset shows values for the average inundation depth from 1.47m in 1975 to 1.72m in 2014, similar to the local data. The increase could be explained by the fact that only areas with higher inundation depths are available for urbanization. The Nighttime Lights does not show a clear trend with values ranging from 1.52m to 1.70m and large annual variation. Overall, the suitability of the Global Human Settlement dataset is higher than the stable Nighttime Lights dataset for this study area as it shows values more similar to the local data and does not require prerequisite threshold analysis, which is the case for the Nighttime Lights data.
23
Sarenmalm, Isabel. "Sustainable Development in International Law and the protection of the Global Commons". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325200.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The four ‘Global Commons’ – the Atmosphere, Antarctica, the High Seas (Oceans) and Outer Space – are in international law identified and recognised as falling outside the jurisdiction of any state. Whilst crucial to mankind and the global ecosystem as a whole, the commons are severely impacted by the current anthropogenic climate change. This thesis argues that the global commons have a weak legal protection today. Given the significance of the global commons for the achievement of sustainable development, exploring possibilities to strengthen such protection through international law is crucial to secure the future of our world. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the issues relating to the current legal protection of the global commons and to address them in the perspective of international law and sustainable development as intersecting conceptual and theoretical frameworks. By applying and analysing the acknowledged New Delhi Declaration of Principles of International Law Relating to Sustainable Development, this thesis will aim to provide insights, and maybe even a fresh point of view, as to how legal instruments could be structured and implemented in the strive for more effective and sustainable protection of the global commons.
24
Mizuno, Jun. "Numerical Analyses of Potential Losses of Freshwater Resources in Coastal Aquifers Caused by Global Climate Change Using an Appropriate Boundary Condition". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1213328150.
Texto completo da fonte
25
Palling, Huusko Susanna. "Global Partnerships for Sustainable Development - a case study of the Global Deal for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-361128.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This thesis discusses global partnerships for sustainable development. Global partnerships have come to be considered as key tools for the implementation of certain international sustainable development goals and there is a growing literature on the subject. Nevertheless, no study has yet been done of the Global Deal Partnership for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth, initiated by the Government of Sweden in 2016. The partnership is presented as a concrete input to several of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially numbers 8, 10, and 17. This provides an important opportunity to make sense of the Global Deal partnership, in particular since it is the first attempt of its kind to unite all stakeholders on the global labour market to work together to provide decent work and inclusive growth for all. What are the goals of the Global Deal, how was it formed, and how is it being implemented? The analysis presented in this thesis is based on a literature survey, documentary analysis, and interviews with the Global Deal Partnership’s support unit at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. This thesis argues that the Global Deal partnership is a textbook example of a global multi-stakeholder partnership, developed through an inclusive goal-setting process, and implemented with monitoring and reporting functions.
26
Humphreys, Kristina. "An Urgent Crisis of Chronic Neglect: Lessons on Water Justice and Wellbeing in the Time of COVID-19". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-422414.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The COVID-19 crisis represents a major disruption to societies across the planet, magnifying existing threats to social-ecological resilience. Illustrating these threats are links between inadequate water and sanitation services, climate stressors, and the challenge of coping with a global pandemic. In an urban context, water services are an intermediary between the built and natural environments, making sustainable water management a crucial aspect of cities’ resilience and efforts towards sustainable development. Yet, there is a growing need to understand how urban resilience functions across scales in order to develop sustainable transformations that align a city’s resilience goals with the wellbeing of its communities. Global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing water crisis threaten wellbeing beyond disease risk, highlighting the need for a broader understanding of risks that make communities vulnerable to such crises. Examining these connections within Cape Town, this case study investigates issues of water service delivery in low-income communities both before and during the pandemic. The city encounters increasing impacts of the climate crisis such as drought and flooding, while disadvantaged communities also experience basic service inequities. Existing problems involve leaking pipes, blocked drains, water contamination, and limited access to water taps and toilets. To understand how water issues could impact people’s wellbeing directly and indirectly, this thesis analyses perspectives of community members who describe their experiences with water-related risks. They speak of obstacles to daily tasks like cleaning and practicing basic hygiene, which are essential for disease prevention during a pandemic. However, the results indicate that water issues can also threaten wellbeing in less visible ways than immediate disease risk and can lead to psychological stress, social conflicts, and food insecurity. Identifying water-related risks through people’s own experiences is important for developing shared meanings of resilience for communities and the city as a whole. Risk management focusing on community-centred approaches to these challenges could help clarify how cities can collectively influence their own transformation. This thesis hopes to identify a broader scope of threats to community water justice and wellbeing, contributing to our understanding of urban resilience in a time of rising crises.
27
Morin, Julie. "Gestion institutionnelle et réponses des populations face aux crises volcaniques : études de cas à La Réunion et en Grande Comore". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863366.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
La gestion des crises volcaniques constitue un sujet d'étude marginal, tous domaines de recherche confondus. La complexité des phénomènes volcaniques (aléas multiples, incertitude des prévisions), l'absence de cadre conceptuel et méthodologique établi pour l'étude des crises, les opportunités réduites de vivre des crises volcaniques, et la focalisation des chercheurs en sciences de la Terre sur l'aléa sont autant de raisons qui expliquent ce manque d'engagement. Cette thèse a pour objectif de combler partiellement ces lacunes en capitalisant des analyses sur les modes de gestion des crises. Elle propose ainsi des RETours d'EXpérience sur la gestion de crises éruptives survenues en mai 2006 au Karthala (Grande Comore), et en avril 2007 au Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion). S'y ajoute un RETEX sur la gestion des lahars consécutifs aux éruptions explosives de 2005 en Grande Comore. Ces cas d'étude reposent sur le vécu direct des crises analysées, puis sur un travail d'enquête auprès des autorités, scientifiques, médias et populations. Ils mettent entre autres en évidence un manque caractérisé de moyens, d'information et de formation de l'ensemble des acteurs sur les deux îles. Les causes profondes des facteurs de dysfonctionnement sont ensuite recherchées. L'analyse révèle le poids des composantes humaines, culturelles, politiques, socioéconomiques et territoriales dans les réponses apportées face aux crises. Enfin, cette thèse propose des outils et des approches pour améliorer la gestion des crises sur les deux îles.
28
Fagundes, Hubel Camila. "A nexus in crisis: How Brazil’s push for energy security through sugarcane-based ethanol is affecting its water security". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412392.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
As reliance on energy and water resources grow, so do the concerns regarding their security, especially in terms of availability. A projected rise in population, accompanied by the relentless pursuit of economic growth and increasing climate change, indicate that greater stress will be placed on these same resources. Biofuels are considered to be a viable alternative to fossil fuels and sugarcane-based ethanol has become an important source for energy security in Brazil, its main producer. At the same time, water scarcity issues have prompted the Brazilian government to compose its first National Plan for Water Security. Research shows that change in land use, a prevalent factor in the production of biofuels, can greatly impact water resources through evapotranspiration, suggesting the possibility of the existence of a link between the two events. This study aimed to investigate this phenomenon by assessing how Brazil’s push for energy security through the production of sugarcane-based ethanol could be affecting its water security. The state of Sao Paulo and the lower Cerrado, including the states of Goias, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso do Sul, were selected as units of analysis since they comprise the largest production area in the country and are located within the La Plata Basin, where water issues have been experienced in the recent past. Results showed impressive increases over the past four decades in the amount of sugarcane and ethanol produced, as well as in the expansion of land used to cultivate sugarcane in both cases. Furthermore, the results disclosed an increasing trend in precipitation deficit for both regions. The discussion revealed that the direct land use change engendered by the expansion of sugarcane cultivation for ethanol cannot be linked to the decrease in availability of rainwater since it did not negatively impact moisture recycling. Indirect deforestation caused by the displacement of pastureland was, however, determined to have contributed to reduced rates of evapotranspiration, negatively impacting continental moisture recycling, which is imperative for levels of rainfall in the La Plata Basin. The study concludes that the increased production of sugarcane-based ethanol in Sao Paulo and in the lower Cerrado, aimed to ensure energy security for Brazil, is negatively affecting its water security through reduced rates of precipitation associated with indirect land use change. More generally, this conclusion provides insights into the energy-water nexus and a better understanding of critical tradeoffs and potentially irreversible risks that can come with isolated solutions to issues pertaining to larger, complex systems. Finally, it stresses the importance of a nexus approach for sustainable development.
29
Nguyen, Chi Cong. "Improvement of Bayesian MCMC approaches for regional flood frequency analyses". Phd thesis, UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851169.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
En hydrologie, un grand nombre d’études ont porté sur l’amélioration de l’estimation des quantiles de crues (débit maximum ou tout autre caractéristique de période de retour donnée). Cette estimation repose généralement sur des séries de crues maximales annuelles mesurées ou de valeurs dépassant un seuil. Cependant, les séries de données locales s’avèrent souvent trop courtes pour fournir des estimations fiables des quantiles de périodes de retour intermédiaires (typiquement 50 à 1000 ans). Sans informations supplémentaires pour affiner la forme de la distribution statistique, les résultats de l’analyse fréquentielle conduite s’avèrent généralement très incertains. Pour cette raison, les hydrologues ont tenté de faire usage de sources d’information alternatives. Plusieurs approches développées consistent en une "extension temporelle" du jeu de données, basée sur l’intégration des données historiques et préhistoriques (Hosking et al. 1985b, Hosking and Wallis 1986a;b, Stedinger and Tasker 1986, Cohn and Stadinger 1987, Gary and Stedinger 1987, Sutcliffe 1987, Minghui and Stedinger 1989, Sheffer et al. 2003, Reis et al. 2005, Werritty et al. 2006, Ribatet et al. 2007b; 2009, Neppel et al. 2010, Payrastre et al. 2011). D’autres approches couramment utilisées pour enrichir les jeux de données disponibles pour l’inférence statistique correspondent à une "extension spatiale", et consistent en la fusion de données considérées comme statistiquement homogènes pour construire un large échantillon régional de données (Hosking and Wallis 1997, Charles and Stedinger 1999, Ouarda et al. 2001, Kjeldsen et al. 2002, Merz and Bloschl 2003, Seidou et al. 2006, Ribatet et al. 2007a, Norbiato et al. 2007, Wallis et al. 2007, Kjeldsen and Jones 2009). La plupart de ces approches sont basées sur l’hypothèse du "simple scaling" qui suppose que les distributions statistiques des débits de crues ont une forme identique au sein d’une région homogène, et diffèrent simplement par un facteur d’échelle spécifique à chaque site : "l’index de crue" Dalrymple (1960). Pour permettre cette hypothèse, les régions considérées sont constituées de bassins versants qui se ressemblent climatologiquement et qui ont des mécanismes de production de crues semblables. Ils sont susceptibles d’être géographiquement contigus. Les résultats sont bien valables à condition que les hypothèses sur lesquelles l’analyse régionale des crues se fonde soient vérifiées. Malgré l’extension des jeux de données permise par ces approches, les quantiles estimés peuvent cependant rester incertains, notamment pour les bassins versants relativement petits et exposés à des crues de grande variabilité inter-annuelle. Face à ce constat, Gaume et al. (2010) a proposé une méthode permettant d’incorporer au sein d’une analyse régionale des crues, en complément des séries hydrométriques, des informations relatives aux crues extrêmes observées sur des bassins non-jaugés. Ces crues extrêmes, parce qu’elles sont généralement les plus fortes connues sur une période assez longue, constituent l’équivalent d’une longue série d’enregistrements supplémentaires, qui est susceptible d’améliorer grandement la précision d’estimation des quantiles de crue. L’approche proposée pour incorporer ces données est toujours basée sur le principe de l’index de crue Dalrymple (1960). Toutefois, si une approche classique consiste à estimer l’index de crue par la moyenne de l’échantillon observé sur chaque site (Hosking and Wallis 1997), le calcul de cette moyenne n’est pas possible sur des sites non-jaugés. L’approche proposée par Gaume et al. (2010) consiste par conséquent à calibrer une relation d’index de crue, qui est une fonction des caractéristiques du bassin versant, sa surface en l’occurrence, et qui permet donc d’évaluer l’index de crue sur n’importe quel site non-jaugé. Le recours à cette relation d’index de crue représente une contrainte supplémentaire d’homogénéité de la région considérée, sensée respecter la relation théorique. Le complément de paramétrisation que représente cette relation (un paramètre supplémentaire), combinée à l’hypothèse d’homogénéité de la relation au sein de la région considérée, est susceptible de limiter les performances de cette approche, malgré le fait que des données supplémentaires correspondant aux crues extrêmes peuvent être mobilisées. Cette thèse a été l’occasion de tester et d’évaluer les performances de cette approche (nommée "approche proposée" par la suite), par comparaison à une approche d’analyse régionale plus conventionnelle, et ceci dans plusieurs contextes de disponibilité des données et d’hétérogénéité des régions considérées. Les travaux menés ont également permis d’intégrer des développements supplémentaires à l’approche initiale développée par Gaume et al. (2010).
30
Lundgren, Eugene. "GLOBAL REPORT INITIATIVE SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING COMPARABILITY : A STUDY OF 3 SWEDISH COMPANIES IN THE RETAIL SECTOR". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453940.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study aims to analyze and explore the issue of inter-firm comparability of sustainability performance focusing on energy, through the qualitative content analysis of 3 GRI sustainability reports of the retail sector firms. The study examines 3 Swedish retail companies based on data from last year's GRI sustainability reports and focuses exclusively on the energy aspect. The current study provides an answer to the following research question: "Can different companies from the retail industry be compared based on the energy indicator data published in the GRI reports?" In the study, the author analyzes three reports of the retail companies, in particular Kappahl, Lindex, and H&M. For this, the author chose the method of qualitative content analysis. The research process was as follows. From the very beginning, eight keywords were chosen. Three out of eight keywords were excluded. The following keywords remained - energy efficiency, energy consumption, energy use, renewable energy, electricity consumption. Then the textual data was quantified, the visible and the obvious in the text was extracted and described (Results), and thereafter qualitative assessment was made (Discussion and Analysis). To answer this research question, the author had to carefully examine each keyword and category (theme) independently and see if the information about a particular keyword and category (theme) could be compared across different reports. The findings of this study indicate the following. Some of the categories (themes) can be compared, however, not all the categories (themes) are possible to compare. Since not all the categories can be compared, this factor does make overall comparability difficult. Hence, in general, it can be inferred that the GRI energy indicator cannot be compared.
31
Wallenborg, Angelique, e Amanda Eriksson. "Excise taxation to protect our planet: a point of view from students in the global North : A case from Södertörn University, Sweden". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35759.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Background: Flying is a mode of travel used mainly by the wealthier part of the planets’ inhabitants, while it is the poor parts of the world that suffer the consequences from climate change the most. Coping with climate change is one of the largest challenges of the century, especially for low-income developing countries. Important stakeholders have realized that it’s a global responsibility to lower the anthropogenic impact on the climate. Political ecology will be used to place the problem with unequal distribution of consequences in a larger context, while environmental economics will be used to examine the flight tax implemented in Sweden on April 1st2018. Purpose: Toexamine student’s attitudes towards excise taxation as an incentive to reduce emissions from air traffic, and whether there was a difference in attitudes between students from different disciplines. Research question: What are Swedish students’ attitudes towards excise tax onflights to reduce emissions? Is there adifference in attitude towards the flight tax depending on the students’ field of studies? Method: Quantitative approach with questionnaire responses as the main empirical data material for analysis. Conclusion: A majority of students participating were positive towards the newly implemented flight tax. Students from an environmental discipline were positive to a greater extent than other students.
32
Schulze, Rita [Verfasser], Liselotte [Akademischer Betreuer] Schebek e Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Elwert. "Reducing environmental impacts of the global rare earth production for use in Nd-Fe-B magnets - How much can recycling contribute? / Rita Schulze ; Liselotte Schebek, Tobias Elwert". Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173899219/34.
Texto completo da fonte
33
Schmiers, Tina. "Getting Europe back on Track? Learning Experiences during Interrail and how a free Interrail Ticket could foster Global Citizenship". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324047.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study investigates learning experiences and outcomes during the train travel phenomenon Interrail. It especially focuses on transformational learning and whether and in what scope these learning outcomes correlate with the concept of global citizenship. It further analyses how the proposal of a free Interrail ticket, that is currently debated within the European Commission, could foster global citizenship in the wider context of Education for Sustainable Development. Although there has been much research on educative benefits of travel, Interrail in general and as an informal learning environment in particular, is an under-researched phenomenon. By providing a deeper understanding about transformative learning processes and outcomes during the specific case of Interrail in the context of sustainable development, this study contributes towards closing this niche. This research was carried out in form of a qualitative case study research. In total, 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with young adults representing 13 different nationalities. The interviews were thoroughly analysed by applying Jack Mezirows´ transformative learning theory and the concept of global citizenship. The results were completed with an additional documentation analysis. The study results reveal that Interrail with its specific characteristics and elements may provide an informal learning environment that can foster and promote both transformative learning and global citizenship to the individual traveller. The identified patterns and commonalities of learning experiences and outcomes were summarized within the main topics of personal development, critical thinking and reflection, cultural sensitivity and pluralism, shaping identity and sense of belonging, broadening view and change of behavior or action. Implementing a free Interrail ticket could thus arguably contribute to greater accessibility and more equal opportunities for youth to discover, experience and learn from travelling through Europe by train. Subsequently, this could help to foster Education for Sustainable Development and global citizenship. Based on the study results it is suggested, that transformative learning during Interrail could be enhanced through providing incentives and formal guidance in critical thinking and engagement in rational discourse in formal education.
34
Hidalgo, Sylvana. "Les intéractions entre magmas calco-alcalins "classiques" et adakitiques [Ressource électronique] : exemple du complexe volcanique Atacazo-Ninahuilca (Equateur)". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713684.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Le complexe volcanique Atacazo - Ninahuilca (CVAN) est localisé dans la Cordillère Occidentale de l'Equateur, à 10 km au sud de la ville de Quito. Trois grands édifices ont pu être distingués : La Carcacha, l'Atacazo et les dômes internes. Des datations 40Ar/39Ar et 14C ont permit d'établir une chronologie détaillée de l'emplacement de ces édifices respectivement vers 1,29 Ma, 222 à 71 ka et 20 à 2,3 ka. Au cours du temps, l'activité de ce complexe est passée d'effusive à explosive; l'index d'explosivité estimé pour leurs deux dernières éruptions est de VEI = 5, démontrant ainsi la grande dangerosité de ce volcan. La modélisation des processus pétrogénétiques indique la participation de la cristallisation fractionnée et de la contamination crustale dans l'évolution de La Carcacha et l'Atacazo. Tous les magmas anciens apparaissent issus de la fusion partielle d'un manteau métasomatisé par des liquides adakitiques, tandis que les dômes récents correspondent à des produits de la fusion directe de basaltes. Il en résulte que tous ces magmas possèdent un caractère adakitique, lequel devient de plus en plus important au cours du temps. Des variations temporelles identiques ont déjà été observées dans plusieurs autres volcans de l'arc équatorien. Ce changement dans la nature du magmatisme reflète un changement progressif de la source, et montre le rôle de plus en plus important joué par la fusion de la croûte océanique subductée interprété comme résultant de l'entrée de la Ride de Carnegie en subduction. La présence de la jeune et chaude ride de Carnegie à l'aplomb de l'arc équatorien engendre un gradient géothermique élevé favorable à la fusion de la plaque océanique subductée. Les liquides adakitiques ainsi engendrés, sont dans un premier temps totalement consommés par les réactions métasomatiques avec le coin du manteau alors que, dans un second temps grâce aux interactions successives adakites-manteau et éventuellement à des taux de fusion plus élevés, ils sont capables d'atteindre la surface.
35
Harouna, Moussa. "Contribution à l'étude des substances carbonées dans les bassins paleozoiques de la bordure occidentale du massif de l'air (République du Niger) Implications sédimentologiques et géochimiques". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790400.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
LES SEDIMENTS DU CARBONIFERE INFERIEUR DE LA REGION D'AGADES, TYPIQUEMENT MARINS AU NORD (ARGILITES DU TALAK), PASSENT LATERALEMENT A DES FACIES LAGUNO-LACUSTRES DANS LA PARTIE MERIDIONALE. CES FACIES RECELENT DES NIVEAUX DE CHARBON BIEN DEVELOPPES A ANOU-ARARENE ET A SEKIRET. LES SEQUENCES FLUVIO-DELTAIQUES DU GUEZOUMAN ET DU TARAT, ATTRIBUEES AU NAMURIEN-WESTPHALIEN CONTIENNENT DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE DISPERSEE, RESPONSABLE DE LA CONCENTRATION DE L'URANIUM. LE LINEAMENT MERIDIEN DE IN AZAWA CONSTITUE UNE STRUCTURE MAJEURE DE LA REGION. LE MOUVEMENT D'EFFONDREMENT DE SON COMPARTIMENT EST AURAIT PERMIS LA PRESERVATION DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE DES SERIES CHARBONNEUSES DANS LA PARTIE SUD DU BASSIN. DANS LA PARTIE NORD, CET ACCIDENT A JOUE LE ROLE D'INTERFACE CHIMIQUE ENTRE LES FORMATIONS PERMIENNES ET LES FORMATIONS CARBONIFERES AU COURS DE LA GENESE DE L'URANIUM. L'EVOLUTION THERMIQUE DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE DES SERIES CHARBONNEUSES EST FONCTION DE LA DIAGENESE D'ENFOUISSEMENT ET DES CIRCULATIONS DES FLUIDES HYDROTHERMAUX. LE PARAMETRE LE PLUS SENSIBLE A L'EFFET DE CETTE DIAGENESE THERMIQUE D'ORIGINE HYDROTHERMALE A ETE LE POUVOIR REFLECTEUR DE LA VITRINITE ALORS QUE LES AUTRES PARAMETRES GEOCHIMIQUES N'ONT ENREGISTRE QUE L'EFFET THERMIQUE, RESULTANT DE L'ENFOUISSEMENT. L'EVOLUTION THERMIQUE DES SERIES DELTAIQUES (ARLIT, AKOUTA) S'EST FAITE SOUS L'ACTION DE LA DIAGENESE D'ENFOUISSEMENT ET DE L'EFFET D'IRRADIATION DES PARTICULES RADIOACTIVES ET DE LA CIRCULATION DE FLUIDES HYDROTHERMAUX (FORBES, 1989). L'ANALYSE GEOCHIMIQUE MOLECULAIRE APPORTE DES CONFIRMATIONS SUR LA CIRCULATION DE TELS FLUIDES
36
Byung, Joo Lee. "Analyse structurale du versant sud de la montagne noire (Hérault - France). Aspects cinématiques de la mise en place des nappes". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803320.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
L'ETUDE DES LINEATIONS D'ALLONGEMENT DES NAPPES-PLIS DE LA MONTAGNE NOIRE PRESENTE DEUX GROUPES D'ORIENTATION DISTINCTS. L'INTENSITE DE LA DEFORMATION AUGMENTE PRES DE LA ZONE AXIOLE. DE NOMBREUX CRITERES DE DEFORMATION NON COAXIALE SONT OBSERVES. LES ROTATIONS INDIQUENT UN CISAILLEMENT SEMESTRE, DANS CERTAINS PLUS LE SENS DE CISAILLEMENT S'INVERSE. LE PLISSEMENT EST SOIT TARDIF, SOIT CONTEMPORAIN DANS UNE DEFORMATION PROGRESSIVE ASSOCIANT UNE CONSTRICTION N-S A UN CISAILLEMENT. DEUX INTERPRETATIONS SONT ALORS POSSIBLE: OU LA LINEATION RESULTE D'UNE REORIENTATION LIEE A UNE SURRECTION OBLIQUE DE LA ZONE AXIALE POSTERIEUREMENT A LA MISE EN PLACE DES NAPPES OU ELLE REFLETE LA DIRECTION ET LE SENS DE TRANSLATION PRIMORDIAUX DES NAPPES
37
Naunova, Kristina. "Education for Sustainable Development for Everyone: Massive Open Online Courses and global, climate literate, sustainable citizens". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353146.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This thesis contributes to knowledge about how Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as educational online platforms can be utilized in achieving the purposes of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Starting out from a view that, in the face of global challenges every individual is an important actor with agency to drive for necessary social changes, the overall ambition of this thesis is to investigate the role of MOOCs, as a specific form of online learning, in empowering and enabling learners to acquire the competences needed to take responsible actions and informed decisions in a rapidly changing, interdependent and unequal world. More specifically, this thesis aims at providing a deeper insight into the question of whether the pedagogic approaches used in ESD (learner-centered, action-oriented and transformative learning) and the learning processes that they promote, can be incorporated in the MOOC environment. This issue holds importance due to the global and intergenerational character of ESD where providing access to training and learning for sustainable development for all is vital. In this respect, MOOCs have been envisioned as revolutionary in the provision of access to education to a wider audience. Nevertheless, the “massive” part of MOOCs could pose a challenge in connection to ESD, due to the fact that ESD is not easily generalized and aims at upholding local relevance. Therefore, this thesis also looks into the question of the implications posed by scale and the issue of scalability when investigating how MOOCs can enable the application of ESD pedagogic approaches, thus also contributing to the achievement of the purposes and learning objectives of ESD and Climate Change Education as its constituent part. Utilizing a case study methodology, the MOOC in Climate Change Leadership at Uppsala University is chosen as a case example of the MOOC learning environment and learning circumstances. By conducting a content analysis of the MOOC materials as presented on the online platform, and developing an analytical framework based on the ESD pedagogic approaches, this thesis reaches the conclusion that some aspects of the ESD approaches benefit from the networked environment and large-scale participation in the MOOC environment, while the incorporation of others is more challenging and asks for further research and improvement of the MOOC learning environment in order for them to provide for the optimal learning circumstances and outcomes in connection to ESD.
38
Macedo, Sanchez Orlando. "Etude paléomagnetique des formations crétacées et tertiaires des Andes centrales du Pérou. Rôle des rotations dans la formation des déflexions andines". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833381.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
La déflexion majeure d'Arica, située entre 19-22° S et qui dévie l'orientation générale des structures des Andes Centrales depuis une direction péruvienne N W-SE jusqu'à une direction chilienne presque NS, est une des caractéristiques importantes de la chaîne andine. Aussi à cette latitude la croûte sud-américaine atteint une épaisseur double de la normale (-70 km). Cet épaississement crustal est à l'origine du développement de l'Altiplano, vaste plateau situé à une altitude moyenne proche de 4000 m. Pour déterminer et expliquer les mécanismes à l'origine de cet épaississement crustal et de la haute altitude de la chaîne que lui est associé plusieurs modèles ont été proposés, les uns privilégiant des processus magmatiques les autres des processus tectoniques. Le but de cette étude est d'apporter des contraintes à ces différents modèles et en particulier d'évaluer la contribution des processus tectoniques dans le soulèvement andin par l'obtention des données paléomagnétiques couvrant à la fois une vaste étendue géographique (Cordillère Occidentale du Centre et du Sud du Pérou) ainsi qu'une importante tranche d'âge (les derniers 110 Ma, qui englobe l'ensemble de l'orgenèse andine) . L'ensemble d'es résultats obtenus montre de manière claire que la marge péruvienne a subi dans son ensemble et pendant le Cénozoïque une rotation antihoraire d'environ 20°, qui se serait déroulée de manière progressive. Nos résultats montrent également l'absence de rotation de la marge péruvienne durant le Crétacé, ainsi que l'absence de rotation relative entre le Centre et le Sud du Pérou lors de la formation de la déflexion mineure d'Abancay (située vers 14° S). L'absence de grands accidents décrochants et la remarquable cohérence des résultats paléomagnétiques indiquent que les rotations antihoraires observées dans le Centre ett le Sud du Pérou correspondent à une rotation d'ensemble de la marge péruvienne depuis le Paléocène pour s'achever au Miocène supérieur. Cette rotation, dont le pivot peut être placé à la latitude de Huancabamba (vers 5° S), s'accorde avec les données géologiques qui indiquent un gradient latitudinal croissant des racourcissements du nord au sud du Pérou. Les nouvelles données paléomagnétiques que nous avons obtenues sont alors en accord avec le modèle tectonique de surrection des Andes Centrales proposé par Isacks (1988), qui fait appel à des rotations de sens opposés des marges péruvienne et nord-chilienne pour former la deflexion d'Arica actuelle. Le soulèvement des Andes Centrales peut être expliqué simplement par ces processus tectoniques sans faire appel à une contribution magmatique importante.
39
Manulak, Michael W. "Continuity and change in international institutions : the case of the United Nations environment regime". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a22a9ef4-5d7d-4e85-9078-bd8711d0aeb7.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Analysts have had a long fascination with moments of significant change and discontinuity in political relations. Studies of “exogenous shocks,” “critical junctures,” “historical events,” “policy windows,” and “punctuated equilibria” have occupied a prominent place in qualitative assessments of policy and institutional change. Yet, despite analysts’ interest, these turning points remain poorly understood. Leading theoretical treatments are overwhelmingly descriptive, offering little in the way of explanatory capacity. Introducing the concept of Temporal Focal Points, my thesis provides a temporal extension to Thomas C. Schelling’s focal point hypothesis. Temporal Focal Points—definite, exceptional phases along the temporal continuum—precipitate a convergence of expectations among actors in time that heightens the likelihood of agreement. Convergent expectations are a crucial means of overcoming temporal coordination problems among actors. By facilitating a spike in analytical activity, political entrepreneurship, and bargaining intensity, actors are able realize joint gains opened up by past shifts in key parameters. Prominent temporal signposts allow actors to recognize that existing institutional arrangements are not an equilibrium. I test the plausibility of this theory through an analysis of the record of change at four distinct phases of the history of the United Nations environment regime from 1962-1992, including the 1972 Stockholm conference, the 1982 Nairobi conference, the UN General Assembly’s response to the Brundtland report, and the 1992 Rio Earth Summit.
40
Leong, Elaine. "Water Situation In China - Crisis Or Business As Usual?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94186.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Several studies indicates China is experiencing a water crisis, were several regions are suffering of severe water scarcity and rivers are heavily polluted. On the other hand, water is used inefficiently and wastefully: water use efficiency in the agriculture sector is only 40% and within industry, only 40% of the industrial wastewater is recycled. However, based on statistical data, China’s total water resources is ranked sixth in the world, based on its water resources and yet, Yellow River and Hai River dries up in its estuary every year. In some regions, the water situation is exacerbated by the fact that rivers’ water is heavily polluted with a large amount of untreated wastewater, discharged into the rivers and deteriorating the water quality. Several regions’ groundwater is overexploited due to human activities demand, which is not met by local. Some provinces have over withdrawn groundwater, which has caused ground subsidence and increased soil salinity. So what is the situation in China? Is there a water crisis, and if so, what are the causes?This report is a review of several global water scarcity assessment methods and summarizes the findings of the results of China’s water resources to get a better understanding about the water situation. All of the methods indicated that water scarcity is mainly concentrated to north China due to rapid growth, overexploitation from rivers and reduced precipitation. Whereas, South China is indicated as abundant in water resources, however, parts of the region are experiencing water scarcity due to massive dam constructions for water storage and power production. Too many dam constructions in a river disrupts flow of the river water and pollutants are then accumulated within floodgates.Many Chinese officials and scholars believe that with economic growth comes improved environmental quality when the economy has reached to a certain of per-capita level. However, with the present water situation it is not sustainable or possible for China to keep consuming and polluting its water resources. Improvement of environmental quality does not come automatically with increased income, and policies, laws and regulations are needed in order to stop further deterioration of the environment.China’s water situation is not any news and the key factor is human activities, but the question is how to solve it. China’s water crisis is much more complex than over exploitation of groundwater and surface water. There are three water issues in China: “too much water – floods, too little water – droughts, and too dirty water – water pollution” (Jun & Chen, 2001). Thus, solving China’s water crisis is a huge challenge to solve without negatively affecting the economic growth.
41
Civet, François. "Caractérisation de la structure électrique interne de Mars par méthode d'induction électromagnétique à partir des données magnétiques satellitaires de Mars Global Surveyor". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740386.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Les méthodes d'induction électromagnétique permettent de caractériser la conductivité électrique des matériaux, dont les corps planétaires telluriques, depuis les couches superficielles de la croûte jusqu'aux zones les plus internes, dans le manteau inférieur. Pour une source de champ électromagnétique donnée, des courants sont induits dans les matériaux qui y sont soumis. Avec l'essor des données magnétiques satellitaires, de nouvelles méthodes d'analyse des données magnétiques permettent d'obtenir des image unidimensionnelles de la structure électrique de ces corps car la structure spatio-temporelle de la source électromagnétique en est bien connue. Les travaux de mon doctorat ont eu pour but de mettre en place une nouvelle méthode d'analyse permettant de déterminer des modèles de structure interne globaux pour n'importe quel corps du système solaire pour lequel on dispose de longues séries temporelles magnétiques satellitaires. Après avoir testé cette méthode sur des modèles synthétiques et l'avoir appliqué au cas de données réelles terrestre pour lesquelles des études d'induction électromagnétiques antérieurs permettent d'avoir un a priori sur le modèle de conductivité électrique attendu, nous avons obtenu les premiers modèles de conductivité électrique martien en utilisant les données magnétiques du satellite Mars Global Surveyor. Ces résultats nous ont permis de valider des modèles de structure interne antérieurs établis à partir d'analyses géochimiques et minéralogiques des météorites martiennes. Cette méthode innovante est aujourd'hui la seule capable d'obtenir une image électrique des manteaux telluriques à partir de données magnétiques satellitaires pour des corps autres que la Terre ou la Lune et pour lesquels aucun a priori sur la structure spatio-temporelles du champ électromagnétique inducteur externe n'est nécessaire.
42
Affolter, Thomas. "Etude des déformations et restauration 3D d'un bassin de front de chaîne : l'exemple du Jura et des massifs subalpins français". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745621.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Ce travail a consisté à restaurer deux chaînes d'avant-pays arquées imbriquées situées dans la partie frontale des Alpes franco-suisses: les Chaînes Subalpines Septentrionales (CSS) et le Jura à leur front. Le Jura a été rétrodéformé à l'aide d'un logiciel de restauration en 3D UNFOLD et les CSS sur la base de coupes sériées. La restauration 3D du Jura indique champ de déplacement vers le front de l'arc. Nous montrons que le décollement du Jura doit s'enraciner dans des chevauchements crustaux supposés ou dans le décollement des CSS. Les données sur la chronologie des déformations ne permettant pas de distinguer les deux hypothèses, nous utilisons les résultats de la restauration des CSS pour proposer un nouveau modèle pour la propagation des déformations dans les Alpes Externes franco-suisses entre l'Oligocène et le Pliocène.
43
Richard, Pascal. "Champs de failles au dessus d'un décrochement de socle : modélisation expérimentale". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675425.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
La modélisation expérimentale permettant une observation facile en 3 dimensions apparaît comme étant l'outil idéal pouvant arder à la compréhension de la genèse, du fonctionnement et de la géométrie des zones décrochantes sur le terrain. L'application à la modélisation expérimentale de la tomographie aux Rayons X a permis de mettre en évidence que dans une couverture sédimentaire purement fragile les failles s'initialisent sur la faille de socle et se propagent vers le sommet. A l'opposé, en présence d'un niveau ductile, les failles s'initialisent à la surface de la pile sédimentaire et se propagent vers la base. Dans une étude sur le décrochement oblique, différentes co nfigurations i) de faille de socle (normale, verticale ou inverse), ii) de déplacement imposé sur le plan de faille et iii) composition rhéologique (couverture purement fragile ou fragileductile) ont été tèstées. Une étude sur la réactivation en contexte décrochant a ég alement été envisagée. Dans un premier stade de déformation, un champ de failles est créé au dessus d'une faille de socle inverse, verticale ou normale, pour différentes rhéologies. Puis ces champs de failles sont déformés en contexte purement décrochant. Les failles sont communément réactivées en profondeur. En surface, la réactivation est moins évidente, mais les structures antérieures controlent la localisation et la géométrie des décrochements. L'analyse des zones décrochantes compressives est ensuite abordée. Le travail de modélisation met en évidence la séparation des déplacemen familles de failles dans des systèmes fragile-ductiles. Une étude de terra été réalisée en Colombie, mettant en évidence le jeu décrochant et décrochevauchant d'une faille active (la faille de Bucaramanga). Enfin la formation et le fonctionnement simultanés de plis et de failles au dessùs d'un décrochement de socle sont envisagés, à la fois sur des exemples naturels dans le domaine Sud-Caraïbes, et par une approche expérimentale.
44
Leloix, Christele. "Arguments pour une évolution polycyclique de la chaïne hercynienne structure des unités dévono-dinantiennes du nord-est du Massif Central (Brévenne-Bourbonnais-Morvan)". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789559.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
DANS LE NORD-EST DU MASSIF CENTRAL, LES SERIES DEVONO-DINANTIENNES MONTRENT UNE GRANDE DIVERSITE LITHOLOGIQUE ET STRUCTURALE. DANS LE MORVAN, LA SERIE DEVONIENNE VOLCANIQUE ET SEDIMENTAIRE, DE LA SOMME, CORRESPOND A UN ARC MAGMATIQUE INSTALLE A L'APLOMB DE LA ZONE DE SUBDUCTION DE L'OCEAN RHEIQUE. DANS LA REGION DE LA LOIRE, LA PRESENCE D'UN MAGMATISME BIMODAL THOLEITIQUE, PERMET DE RELIER LA GENESE DES FORMATIONS VOLCANIQUES, VOLCANO-SEDIMENTAIRES ET PLUTONIQUES DE L'ENSEMBLE BREVENNE-VIOLAY-BEAUJOLAIS A L'EXISTENCE D'UNE ZONE DE RIFTING, LOCALEMENT OCEANIQUE. LE BASSIN BREVENNE-VIOLAY-BEAUJOLAIS, FORME AU DEVONIEN SUPERIEUR, A CONNU ENSUITE UNE EVOLUTION TECTONO-METAMORPHIQUE COMPLEXE, AYANT CONDUIT A SA FERMETURE AVANT LE VISEEN MOYEN. L'ANALYSE STRUCTURALE DES FORMATIONS ANTE-VISEEN MOYEN DE LA REGION DE LA LOIRE MONTRE UNE EVOLUTION TECTONIQUE POLYPHASEE, ASSOCIEE A UN METAMORPHISME PROGRADE DE FACIES SCHISTE-VERT A AMPHIBOLITE. LE PREMIER EVENEMENT TECTONIQUE, D1, D'AGE PROBABLE FINI-DEVONIEN A TOURNAISIEN, SE TRADUIT PAR UNE FOLIATION REGIONALE SUB-HORIZONTALE ET UNE LINEATION D'ETIREMENT ORIENTEE NW-SE A N-S. PARTICULIEREMENT BIEN MARQUEE DANS LE GROUPE DE VIOLAY, ELLE CORRESPOND AU CHEVAUCHEMENT DES UNITES DEVONIENNES SUR LE SOCLE GNEISSIQUE D'AFFOUX. LE SECOND EVENEMENT, D2, FINI-TOURNAISIEN A VISEEN INFERIEUR, REPREND LA FOLIATION S1 ET EST RESPONSABLE D'UNE LINEATION D'ETIREMENT ORIENTEE NE-SW A E-W. LES CRITERES CINEMATIQUES ASSOCIES A CETTE DEFORMATION INDIQUENT DES SENS DE CISAILLEMENTS DIFFERENTS SUIVANT LES SECTEURS. LOCALEMENT, D2 S'AVERE MEME ETRE COAXIALE. LA SIGNIFICATION EXACTE DE CETTE DEFORMATION RESTE A DEFINIR. LA MISE EN EVIDENCE DANS CETTE PARTIE DU MASSIF CENTRAL D'UN EPISODE COMPRESSIF A VERGENCE NW, FINI-DEVONIEN A TOURNAISIEN, FAISANT SUITE A UNE PERIODE DE DISTENSION, A L'ORIGINE DE LA FORMATION DU RIFT DE LA BREVENNE, AU DEVONIEN SUPERIEUR, CONSTITUE UN ARGUMENT EN FAVEUR D'UNE EVOLUTION POLYCYCLIQUE DE LA CHAINE HERCYNIENNE.
45
Cottereau, Nicolas. "Reconstitutions paléobathymétriques de la Téthys au Jurassique terminal : méthode et conséquences". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800578.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Les reconstitutions paléobathymetriques des domaines océaniques permettent d'examiner non seulement la profondeur du plancher mais aussi la géometrie et l'évolution des chenaux de communication entre les différents bassins océaniques. Connaitre la bathymétrie est indispensable pour comprendre l'organisation et la distribution des corps sédimentaires et les répartitions des micro-organismes. L'étude des circulations océaniques et des concentrations de matières minérales associées suppose que soit établie une carte bathymétrique. La carte bathymétrique obtenue par la méthode exposée donne une profondeur génèrale préliminaire. Elle peut servir de base à des études de la sédimentation et des courants. Appliquée a la Téthys toute entière, cette méthode permet de caractériser au mieux la morphologie des seuils caraibes, méditerraneen, et indonésien et les circulations entre les bassins océaniques qu'ils séparent. L'utilisation d'un modèle numérique de circulations océaniques permet notamment de mettre en évidence l'influence de la topographie sur la distribution et la vitesse des courants. Un modèle de circulations océaniques au Tithonique supérieur est proposé et permet de localiser les zones potentielles d'upwellings
46
George, Hugo. "Diving into Blue Carbon : A Review on Carbon Sequestration by Mangrove Forests, Seagrass Meadows and Salt Marshes, and Their Capacity to Act as Global Carbon Sinks". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384028.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
During the last decade, the academic interest for Earth’s natural carbon sinks and their role concerning climate change has increased. Today, many scientists around the world are trying to calculate different ecosystem’s potential to sequester and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As a newcomer to the scientific arena, the term ‘blue carbon’ has been well received by scientists in the field. ‘Blue carbon’ highlights the carbon captured and stored by productive ecosystems along the world’s coasts. The term refers to coastal wetlands – such as mangrove forests, salt marshes and seagrass meadows – and it came to life as the scientific community recognized these ecosystems’ significant potential as effective carbon sinks. New research indicates that these ecosystems’ complex and vertical root systems can store much larger amounts of carbon in the soil than any other terrestrial ecosystem. By studying this subject, scientists are trying to understand how these ecosystems can help us in the quest of removing excessive carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The goal of this thesis is to conduct a literature review, aiming to analyse and compile the new research on ‘blue carbon’ that has been published during the last 10 years. The paper aims to investigate whether the ecosystem’s potential as carbon sinks differ from each other, and what threats they will face in the future. It will additionally review if scientists have been able to unite around any predictions about what the future for ‘blue carbon’ – and its role in mitigating climate change – will look like.Under det senaste decenniet har intresset kring naturliga kolsänkors potential och roll i att mildra klimatförändringar ökat. Idag är det många forskare som arbetar med att beräkna mängden kol som olika ekosystem runt om världen kan lagra i sin biomassa och i jorden under dess rötter. Som en nykomling på den vetenskapliga arenan, har termen ’blue carbon’ blivit väl mottaget av forskare inom området. ’Blue carbon’ syftar på det kol som fixeras och lagras av de produktiva ekosystemen längs världens kuster. Termen refererar till kustbelägna våtmarker – så som mangroveskogar, saltträsk och sjögräsbäddar – och introducerades efter att den vetenskapliga världen erkänt deras imponerande potential som kolsänkor. Ny forskning tyder på att deras avancerade och vertikala rotsystem kan lagra mer koldioxid i marken än vad vanliga terrestra skogar kan. Genom att studera detta ämne försöker forskare att förstå hur dessa ekosystem kan hjälpa oss att avlägsna överskottet av koldioxid från atmosfären. Målet med denna uppsats är att utföra en litteraturstudie och analysera, samt sammanställa den nya forskningen om ’blue carbon’ som publicerats de senaste 10 åren. Uppsatsen kommer undersöka hur stor skillnad det är mellan de olika ekosystemen och vilka hot de står inför i framtiden. Dessutom kommer den undersöka ifall forskare kommit närmre i att enas kring förutsägelser om framtiden för ’blue carbon’, och hur dess roll i att mildra klimatförändringarna kommer se ut.
47
Revillon, Sidonie. "Origine et composition du plateau océanique Caraïbe". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145360.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Le plateau Caraïbe s'est formé, sans doute dans le Pacifique, par la fusion de la tête d'un panache mantellique. Il s'est ensuite accrété autour des Caraïbes et sur la côte ouest de l'Amérique du sud. Nous avons étudié des échantillons de l'île de Curaçao et de la ride de Béata, dans les Caraïbes, et de l'île de Gorgona dans le Pacifique. Ces échantillons sont des roches volcaniques (basaltes, komatiites et picrites) ou plutoniques (gabbros, dolérites, dunites et wehrlites). Nos méthodes sont celles de la pétrologie et de la géochimie élémentaire et isotopique (Nd, Sr, O).La ride de Béata est formée de gabbros et de dolérites. Ces roches, comme celles de Curaçao, dérivent de liquides basaltiques et montrent des spectres de terres rares (TR) plats. Leur source est isotopiquement appauvrie. L'âge des roches de Béata suggère une longue histoire magmatique pour la formation du plateau en trois épisodes (90 Ma, 76 Ma et 55 Ma).
Toutes les roches plutoniques de Gorgona (gabbros, dunites et wehrlites) dérivent de liquides basaltiques montrant des spectres de TR plats ou appauvris en TR légères. Les picrites et les komatiites dérivent de liquides ultra-magnésiens appauvris ou très appauvris en TR légères. Les compositions isotopiques de Nd indiquent deux sources mantelliques : une appauvrie et une plus enrichie (epsilon Nd +10 et +6). La similitude des rapports d'éléments incompatibles et des compositions isotopiques suggère que certaines roches plutoniques dérivent par différenciation des liquides komatiitiques. Ces magmas se mettent ensuite en place dans des sills à faible profondeur.
Les conclusions principales sont :
(a) le système d'alimentation du plateau est complexe
(b) les liquides parents sont hétérogènes : ultra-magnésiens ou basaltiques, appauvris ou non en éléments incompatibles. La source comprend un composant enrichi et un composant appauvri.
(c) la tête du panache est zonée. Ceci est lié au processus de fusion partielle. Au cœur, de haute température, les liquides ultra-magnésiens se forment. Un processus de fusion fractionnée avancé permet de former des liquides très appauvris et l'échantillonnage du composant appauvri. Dans les bordures, plus froides, les liquides basaltiques se forment par des taux de fusion fractionnée moindres, ce qui favorise l'échantillonnage du composant enrichi. Ces liquides sont ensuite homogénéisés et acquièrent des signatures géochimiques uniformes.
48
Rudkiewicz, Jean Louis. "Structure et subsidence de la marge téthysienne entre Grenoble et Briançon au Lias et au Dogger". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712814.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Ce travail est consacré à l'étude des structures, de la sédimentation et de la subsidence jurassiques sur une transversale E-W aux Alpes Occidentales, du Massif Cristallin Externe de Belledonne à la frontière italienne, représentant la marge occidentale de la Téthys Ligure (chapitre 1). il est fondé sur des coupes stratigraphiques levées dans les zones dauphinoise, subbriançonnaise, briançonnaise et piémontaise. En vue de déterminer les positions relatives des diverses coupes, le chapitre 2 rappelle les diverses étapes de l'histoire tectonique tertiaire, puis présente une carte des unités structurales alpines à la fln du Crétacé, sur la portion des Alpes étudiée ici. La description de coupes-types (chapitre 3) met en évidence divers faciès sédimentaires et de leur paléo-environnement. Une attention particulière est portée aux brèches synsédimentaires et aux formations olistolitiques, dont la genèse s'explique par plusieurs épisodes de démantèlement. Ce chapitre s'achève sur une tentative d'attribution des faciès sédimentaires, qu'ils soient macroscopiques ou microscopiques, à un milieu de dépôt, donc à une profondeur. Des cartes de faciès sédimentaires (chapitre 4) illustrent les situations respectivement à la fin de l'Hettangien, du Carixien, du Toarcien, de l'Aalénien, du Bathonien et de l'Oxfordien. Des cartes d'isopaques vraies permettent d'apprécier le début de la différenciation des aires à forte et à faible subsidence en domaine dauphinois et subbriançonnais. Les faciès sédimentaires restent uniformes jusqu'au Toarcien, mais des aires plus subsidentes que d'autres apparaissent dès le Sinémurien. De plus, des failles synsédimentaires séparent des aires à fortes et à faibles épaisseurs. Les accidents synsédimentaires résultant des distensions liées au rifting limitent diverses structures (chapitre 5) : des demis-blocs basculés, le plus typique étant celui de Bourg d'Oisans; des grabens symétriques, tel celui de Besse; des horsts de grande dimension, comme le Massif du Pelvoux. Enfin, lorsque des évaporites triasiques sont présentes à la base de la la série sédimentaire, des mouvements diapiriques sont initiés, en relation avec la tectonique extensive. Le meilleur exemple se trouve en zone subbriançonnaise dans le Massif du Perron des Encombres. Ces accidents synsédimentaires, de quelque type qu'ils soient, ont tous eu des jeux multiples, à diverses époques. Pour préciser quantitativement les observations précédentes, la subsidence de diverses séries de la transversale est calculée dans le chapitre 6. Le paramètre le plus contraignant à ce stade est la profondeur d'eau à l'époque des dépôts. Celle-là est déterminée à l'aide de deux méthodes: d'une part, grâce aux faciès synsédimentaires, de l'autre, grâce aux caractères morphologiques des fragments de crinoïdes. La subsidence au cours du Lias et du Dogger a lieu en trois étapes, en trois à-coups, le premier au début, le deuxième vers la fin du Lias et le troisième vers la fin du Dogger. Cette subsidence est toujours positive en domaine dauphinois et piémontais. Par contre, elle devient négative vers la fin du Lias en domaine briançonnais et dans une partie du domaine subbriançonnais, qui émergent alors. L'inversion de subsidence, ainsi que les ordres de grandeur des sauts des courbes de subsidence peuvent s'expliquer par un modèle d'extensions multiples non uniformes dans la lithosphère (chapitre 7). A trois reprises, à la fin du Trias, du Lias et du Dogger, une extension rapide a causé un amincissement de la croûte et du manteau lithosphérique, qui se traduit par une subsidence initiale, suivie d'un refroidissement thermique. Le modèle unidimentionnel bicouche permet d'estimer les valeurs des taux d'amincissement, grâce aux contraintes fournies par le chapitre 6. A partir de ces taux, une image possible de la structure profonde de la marge téthysienne peut être dessinée. Parmi les explications possibles de cette image, l'hypothèse d'une zone de cisaillement inclinée soit vers l'Est soit vers l'Ouest est l'une des plus séduisante. En effet, elle permettrait d'expliquer les caractéristiques du fond océanique du domaine ligure, qui apparait à la fin du rifting.
49
Mazzilli, Naomi. "Sensibilité et incertitude de modélisation sur les bassins versants à forte composante karstique". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671069.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
L'objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer des caractéristiques générales du comportement de la sensibilité dans la modélisation hydrodynamique des écoulements en milieu karstique. Nous étudions l'influence des spécificités du milieu karstique (forte hétérogénéité de structure, dualité de l'écoulement, forte non-linéarité de fonctionnement) sur la propagation de la sensibilité en vue de déterminer des règles générales pour la calibration. En particulier, nous essayons de répondre aux questions suivantes: (i) la calibration est-elle possible ? (ii) la calibration est-elle robuste ? (iii) est-il possible de réduire l'équifinalité via une calibration multi-objectif ou multi-variable ? L'analyse est menée pour le cas d'une modélisation conceptuelle globale et pour celui d'une modélisation hybride distribuée. Cette contribution met en évidence le potentiel des méthodes locales d'analyse de sensibilité. En dépit des limitations inhérentes à cette approche (approximation locale), l'analyse locale permet une compréhension fine du fonctionnement du modèle, pour un coût de calcul réduit. Par ailleurs, cet travail souligne l'intérêt d'une calibration multi-variable par rapport à une calibration multi-objectif, dans une optique de réduction de l'équifinalité.
50
Lécuyer, Christophe. "Hydrothermalisme fossile dans une paléocroûte océanique associée à un centre d'expansion lent: Le complexe ophiolitique de Trinity (N. Californie, U.S.A)". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655957.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Le massif ophiolitique de Trinit y comprend une nappe de péridotites mantellaires de 2750Km2 et une séquence crustale mince en affleurements discontinus "2Km). Il est chevauché par les nappes volcano-sédimentaires d'âge ordovicien à dévonien d'Yreka-Callahan qui correspondent à des dépôts d'îles océaniques associés à une marge continentale. La structure du massif de Trinit y suggère qu'il résulte d'une accrétion océanique très lente. Les affleurements de gabbros constituent des chambres magmatiques de petite taille (1 km de diamètre) intrusives dans la péridotite mantellaire. Dans ces chambres, le magma évolue rapidement vers un système clos au cours duquel la densité des magmas contrôle les émissions volcaniques. La présence de Iherzolites plagifères correspond soit à des phénomènes d'imprégnation magmatique soit à des "fenêtres" de péridotites mantellaires fertiles. L'étude des minéraux de ces péridotites et des enclaves présentes aux parois et planchers des chambres magmatiques rend compte des modifications chimiques considérables que subissent les magmas primaires en percolant lentement au sein du manteau supérieur. De tels magmas modifiés chimiquement contribuent à l'origine de la diversité des ordres de cristallisation observés dans les complexes ophiolitiques. L'étude de l'activité hydrothermale fossile révèle un métamorphisme prograde vers la base de la séquence ophiolitique et un métamorphisme rétrograde au cours du temps. Le calcul de flux chimiques élémentaires a permis de quantifier les transferts chimiques au cours de l'altération hydrothermale et de définir les dimensions du système hydrothermal ainsi que l'établissement d'un bilan géochimique entre la paléocroûte océanique et l'hydrosphère. L'étude isotopique du Sr précise une altération hydrothermale intense principalement dans la partie supérieure de la croûte océanique avec un maximum dans les gabbros isotropes au toit de la chambre magmatique et pour rapidement décroître dans les cumulats mafiques et ultramafiques. L'étude isotopique de l'oxygène supportée par des données microthermométriques sur inclusions fluides a révélé la complexité de l'activité hydrothermale qui a affecté l'ophiolite de Trinit y et permet de discriminer trois phases hydrothermales de température décroissante au cours du temps. Le bilan établi sur la paléocroûte montre un enrichissement global en 180 aux dépens du réservoir océanique. Ce processus semble affecter les domaines océaniques engendrés dans les rides à expansion lente et peut s'expliquer par le développement latéral et profond d'un réseau de failles normales jouant un rôle prépondérant dans la circulation de fluides hydrothermaux de moyenne ou basse température dans l'histoire hors axe de la croûte océanique. La composition isotopique de l'océan siluro-ordovicien a été estimée à un a180 = O±1 et peut indiquer l'absence d'évolution séculaire de la composition en oxygène de l'océan mondial depuis le Paléozoïque inférieur.