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Ratnasari, Agnes, Efri Efri, Muhammad Syamsoel Hadi e Hasriadi Mat Akin. "KETAHANAN BEBERAPA GENOTIPE SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor [L]Moench) TERHADAP PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum graminicola) PADA DUA SISTEM POLA TANAM BERBEDA". Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 7, n.º 2 (3 de maio de 2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v7i2.3258.
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Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui ketahanan 15 genotipe sorgum yang ditanam pada dua sistem tanam berbeda yaitu monokultur dan tumpangsari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2017- Februari 2018 di Desa Sukanegara, Kecamatan Tanjung Bintang, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Lampung dan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung. Perlakuan disusunmenggunakan rancangan acak kekompok dalam Split Plot Design dengan faktor utama adalah sistem pola tanam (tumpangsari, monokultur), dan anak petak adalah 15 genotipe sorgum (Numbu, Samurai 1, GH3, UPCA, GH4, P/I WHP, GH6, Super 2, GH13, P/F 51-93-C, Super 1, GH5, Mandau, GH7 dan TalagaBodas). Monokultur sorgum ditanam pada jarak 80 cm x 20 cm. Tumpangsari sorgum ubikayu dilakukan dengan cara menanam sorgum di antara tanaman ubikayusehingga jarak tanam sorgum tetap 80 cm x 20 cm, sedangkan jarak tanam ubikayu 80 cm x 60 cm, baik sorgum maupun ubikayu ditanam secara bersamaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tanam tumpangsari lebih efektif untuk menekan intensitas penyakit antraknosa. Pada penelitian ini intensitas penyakit antraknosa terhadap 15 genotipe sorgum yang diamati dikelompokan menjadi 3 kategori yaitu tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Genotipe Numbu, GH3, Talaga Bodas, Super 1, dan Mandau adalah genotipe dengan intensitas penyaki terendah dibandingkan genotipe Samurai 1, UPCA, GH4, P/I WHP, GH13, P/F 5-193-C, GH5, GH6 dan GH7 . Genotipe Samurai 1, UPCA, GH4, P/I WHP, GH13, P/F 5-193-C, GH5, GH6 dan GH7 adalah genotipe yang intensitas penyakitnya lebih rendah dibandingkan genotipe Super 2. Dan genotipe Super 2 adalah genotipe dengan intnsitas penyakit antraknosa tertinggi.
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Nguyễn Quốc Sửu. "Nền công vụ ưu tú và điều kiện bảo đảm cho nền công vụ ưu tú ở Việt Nam". Quản lý nhà nước, n.º 340 (21 de maio de 2024): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.59394/qlnn.340.2024.844.
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Winkelman, D. C., e R. B. Hodgetts. "RFLPs for somatotropic genes identify quantitative trait loci for growth in mice." Genetics 131, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1992): 929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/131.4.929.
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Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphisms for somatotropic genes were tested for associations with body weight and postweaning growth rate in mice. Polymorphisms for growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) genes were identified in stock population lines which had been subjected to long-term selection for high 42-day body weight (H lines) or randomly mated (FP and C lines). Two F2 populations of mice (5F2 and MF2) were generated from crosses between a single H line of mice and two unselected control lines and subsequently, two divergently weight selected sublines were generated from each F2 population. The GHh allele which had originally been fixed in three of four H lines and absent from all FP and C lines was found to have a significant (P less than 0.01) effect on 42-day weight and postweaning growth rate in the F2 populations. However, GHh was associated with lower 42-day weight in the F2 populations, suggesting that the positive association between GHh and weight in the stock population was unique to the high weight selected genetic background of those lines. In agreement with this, the frequency of GHh increased in sublines selected for high 42-day weight and decreased in sublines selected for low 42-day weight. The IGF-2H5 allele was associated with higher weights in a sex-dependent manner in 5F2. In the high selected subline derived from 5F2, a significant increase in the frequency of IGF-2H5 was observed. Therefore this allele, in contrast to GHh, appears to be a positive indicator of growth irrespective of genetic background.
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Chen, Jiaxuan, Yuanju Yuan, Fangfang Xie, Zhike Zhang, Jianye Chen, Rong Zhang, Jietang Zhao, Guibing Hu e Yonghua Qin. "Metabolic Profiling of Organic Acids Reveals the Involvement of HuIPMS2 in Citramalic Acid Synthesis in Pitaya". Horticulturae 8, n.º 2 (16 de fevereiro de 2022): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020167.
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Pitayas are rich in organic acids, especially citramalic acid, which is significantly higher than the plants. However, the mechanism of citramalic acid biosynthesis remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, organic acid compositions and contents, as well as expression patterns of key genes related to organic acid metabolism were analyzed during fruit maturation of four different pitaya cultivars i.e., ‘Guanhuabai’ (GHB), ‘Guanhuahong’ (GHH), ‘Wucihuanglong’ (WCHL), and ‘Youcihuanglong’ (YCHL). The total organic acid contents increased first and then declined during fruit maturation. The main organic acids were citramalic acid during the early stages of GHB, GHH, and WCHL pitayas, and dominated by malic acid as fruit maturation. In comparison, citric acid and malic acid were main organic acid for ‘YCHL’ pitaya. Citramalate synthase (IPMS) was involved in the synthesis of citramalic acid, and three types of HuIPMS i.e., HuIPMS1, HuIPMS2, and HuIPMS3, were obtained in our study. Highest expression levels of HuIPMS1 were detected in sepals, while HuIPMS2 and HuIPMS3 exhibited preferential expression in tender stems and ovaries. The expression levels of HuIPMS2 and HuIPMS3 were positively correlated with the content of citramalic acid in the four pitaya cultivars. HuIPMS2 was a chloroplast-localized protein, while HuIPMS3 presented a cytoplasmic-like and nuclear subcellular localization. These findings provide an important basis for further understanding of the molecular mechanism that leads to citramalic acid metabolism during pitaya fruit maturation.
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Phuoc, Le Huu, Irfan Suliansyah, Feri Arlius, Irawati Chaniago, Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan e Pham Van Quan. "Responses of Growth and Grain Yield of IR50404 Rice to Temperature Stress". International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, n.º 1 (4 de junho de 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ijasc.6.1.9-18.2022.
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Climate changes, rising warmth, drought, and CO2, are now seriously influencing agriculture. In this study, four separate greenhouses (labeled GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH4) were built with plastic roofs and walls, except GH1, which had three walls with mesh to evaluate the impact of temperature stress on growth, biomass, and yield of rice variety IR50404 under different temperature regimes. The control treatment group was grown ambient, next to these greenhouses. GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH4’s temperatures were from 0.9 oC to 3.1 oC higher than the ambient (as control). Carbon dioxide concentrations in GH2, GH3, and GH4 were recorded higher than the ambient, from 34.1 ppm to 48.2 ppm. Total vegetative dry matter was reduced from 15.9% to 20.5%, while grain yield declined from 20.8% to 24.6% when the mean temperature increased from 2.9 oC to 3.1 oC. High temperature or a combination of high-temperature stress with elevated CO2 concentration reduced the grain yield and total vegetative dry matter.
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Xu, Changqing, Jiahao Ning, Yi Liu, Mintao Luo, Dongdong Chen, Xiaoling Lin e Yintang Yang. "Optimization Strategy of Regular NoC Mapping Using Genetic-Based Hyper-Heuristic Algorithm". Symmetry 14, n.º 8 (9 de agosto de 2022): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14081637.
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Mapping optimization of network-on-chips (NoCs) for specific applications has become one of the most important keys of the SoC top-level design. However, the topology of NoC applied is usually regular topology, such as mesh, torus, etc., which may generate a large number of isomorphic solutions during the process of NoC mapping, which may reduce the convergence speed of mapping algorithms. In this paper, we proposed a generic-based hyper-heuristic algorithm named IRC-GHH for NoC mapping. To reduce the influence of isomorphic solutions, we analyzed the symmetry of NoC topology and proposed crossover operators based on the isomorphic solution to optimize the algorithm. We studied the situation of invalid crossovers and eliminated invalid iterations by adopting an isomorphic replacement crossover (IRC) strategy. To prevent the algorithm from falling into evolutionary stagnation in the late iteration, we introduce an adaptive mechanism to increase the usage frequency of the IRC operator automatically. Compared with GHH without IRC, the GHH with IRC can achieve, on average 15.25% communication energy reduction and 7.84% communication delay reduction.
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Bautista-Cruz, Angélica, Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños, Jessie Hernández-Canseco e Evangelina Esmeralda Quiñones-Aguilar. "Cellulolytic Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Agricultural and Forest Soils: An Overview". Biology 13, n.º 2 (5 de fevereiro de 2024): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13020102.
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This review provides insights into cellulolytic bacteria present in global forest and agricultural soils over a period of 11 years. It delves into the study of soil-dwelling cellulolytic bacteria and the enzymes they produce, cellulases, which are crucial in both soil formation and the carbon cycle. Forests and agricultural activities are significant contributors to the production of lignocellulosic biomass. Forest ecosystems, which are key carbon sinks, contain 20–30% cellulose in their leaf litter. Concurrently, the agricultural sector generates approximately 998 million tons of lignocellulosic waste annually. Predominant genera include Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Streptomyces in forests and Bacillus, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Arthrobacter in agricultural soils. Selection of cellulolytic bacteria is based on their hydrolysis ability, using artificial cellulose media and dyes like Congo red or iodine for detection. Some studies also measure cellulolytic activity in vitro. Notably, bacterial cellulose hydrolysis capability may not align with their cellulolytic enzyme production. Enzymes such as GH1, GH3, GH5, GH6, GH8, GH9, GH10, GH12, GH26, GH44, GH45, GH48, GH51, GH74, GH124, and GH148 are crucial, particularly GH48 for crystalline cellulose degradation. Conversely, bacteria with GH5 and GH9 often fail to degrade crystalline cellulose. Accurate identification of cellulolytic bacteria necessitates comprehensive genomic analysis, supplemented by additional proteomic and transcriptomic techniques. Cellulases, known for degrading cellulose, are also significant in healthcare, food, textiles, bio-washing, bleaching, paper production, ink removal, and biotechnology, emphasizing the importance of discovering novel cellulolytic strains in soil.
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Tao, Yong, Ruochao Zhao, Jun Shi, De Zhou e Yanqun Han. "In-Plane Elastic Properties of 3D-Printed Graded Hierarchical Hexagonal Honeycombs". Polymers 16, n.º 6 (21 de março de 2024): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16060859.
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In this study, the graded hierarchical hexagonal honeycomb (GHHH) integrating gradient design and hierarchical design was fabricated using the 3D-printing technique, and its in-plane elastic properties were investigated theoretically, experimentally, and numerically. Theoretical solutions were developed based on the Euler beam theory to predict the effective elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of GHHH, and theoretical values were in good agreement with the experimental and numerical results. The effect of gradient design and hierarchical design on the in-plane elastic properties of GHHH was also analyzed and compared. Results showed that the hierarchical design has a more significant effect on Poisson’s ratio and adjusting the internal forces of GHHH compared with the gradient design. In addition, it was found that GHHH exhibited higher stiffness compared with regular hexagonal honeycomb (RHH), graded hexagonal honeycomb (GHH), and vertex-based hierarchical hexagonal honeycomb (VHHH) under the constraint of the same relative density, respectively. Specifically, the effective elastic modulus of GHHH can be enhanced by 119.82% compared to that of RHH. This research will help to reveal the effect of integrating hierarchical design and gradient design on the in-plane elastic properties of honeycombs.
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Le Page, PA, R. Furtado, M. Hayward, S. Law, A. Tan, SJ Vivian, H. Van der Wall e GL Falk. "Durability of giant hiatus hernia repair in 455 patients over 20 years". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 97, n.º 3 (abril de 2015): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588414x14055925060839.
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IntroductionThe surgical management of symptomatic giant hiatus hernia (GHH) aims to improve quality of life (QoL) and reduce the risk of life threatening complications. Previous reports are predominantly those with small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. The present study sought to assess a large cohort of patients for recurrence and QoL over a longer time period.MethodsThis was a follow-up study of a prospectively collected database of 455 consecutive patients. Primary repair of GHH was evaluated by endoscopy/barium meal for recurrence and a standardised symptom questionnaire for QoL. Recurrence was assessed for size, elapsed time, oesophagitis and symptoms.ResultsObjective and subjective review was achieved in 91.9% and 68.6% of patients. The median age was 69 years (range: 15–93 years) and 64% were female. Laparoscopic repair was completed in 95% (mesh in 6% and Collis gastroplasty in 7%). The 30-day mortality rate was 0.9%. The proportion of patients alive at five and ten years were 90% and 75% respectively. Postoperative QoL scores improved from a mean of 95 to 111 (p<0.01) and were stable over time (112 at 10 years). The overall recurrence rate was 35.6% (149/418) at 42 months; this was 11.5% (48/418) for hernias >2cm and 24.2% (101/418) for <2cm. The rate of new recurrence at 0–1 years was 13.7% (>2cm = 3.4%, <2cm = 10.3%), at 1–5 years it was 30.8% (>2cm = 9.5%, <2cm = 21.3%), at 5–10 years it was 40.1% (>2cm = 13.8%, <2cm = 26.3%) and at over 10 years it was 50.0% (>2cm = 25.0%, <2cm = 25.0%). Recurrence was associated with oesophagitis but not decreased QoL. Revision surgery was required in 4.8% of cases (14.8% with recurrence). There were no interval major GHH complications.ConclusionsSurgery has provided sustained QoL improvements irrespective of recurrence. Recurrence occurred progressively over ten years and may predispose to oesophagitis.
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Wu, Xiaofeng, Chijioke O. Elekwachi, Shiping Bai, Yuheng Luo, Keying Zhang e Robert J. Forster. "Characterizing the Alteration in Rumen Microbiome and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Profile with Forage of Muskoxen Rumen through Comparative Metatranscriptomics". Microorganisms 10, n.º 1 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010071.
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Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), as the biggest herbivore in the High Arctic, has been enduring the austere arctic nutritional conditions and has evolved to ingest and digest scarce and high lignified forages to support the growth and reproduce, implying probably harbor a distinct microbial reservoir for the deconstruction of plant biomass. Therefore, metagenomics approach was applied to characterize the rumen microbial community and understand the alteration in rumen microbiome of muskoxen fed either triticale straw or brome hay. The difference in the structure of microbial communities including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa between the two forages was observed at the taxonomic level of genus. Further, although the highly abundant phylotypes in muskoxen rumen fed either triticale straw or brome hay were almost the same, the selective enrichment different phylotypes for fiber degrading, soluble substrates fermenting, electron and hydrogen scavenging through methanogenesis, acetogenesis, propionogenesis, and sulfur-reducing was also noticed. Specifically, triticale straw with higher content of fiber, cellulose selectively enriched more lignocellulolytic taxa and electron transferring taxa, while brome hay with higher nitrogen content selectively enriched more families and genera for degradable substrates-digesting. Intriguingly, the carbohydrate-active enzyme profile suggested an over representation and diversity of putative glycoside hydrolases (GHs) in the animals fed on triticale straw. The majority of the cellulases belonged to fiver GH families (i.e., GH5, GH6, GH9, GH45, and GH48) and were primarily synthesized by Ruminococcus, Piromyces, Neocallimastix, and Fibrobacter. Abundance of major genes coding for hemicellulose digestion was higher than cellulose mainly including GH8, GH10, GH16, GH26, and GH30, and these enzymes were produced by members of the genera Fibrobacter, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium. Oligosaccharides were mainly of the GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH31 types and were associated with the genera Prevotella and Piromyces. Our results strengthen metatranscriptomic evidence in support of the understanding of the microbial community and plant polysaccharide response to changes in the feed type and host animal. The study also establishes these specific microbial consortia procured from triticale straw group can be used further for efficient plant biomass hydrolysis.
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Hope, V. S., C. R. I. Clayton e A. P. Butcher. "In situ determination of Ghh at Bothkennar using a novel seismic method". Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 32, n.º 2 (maio de 1999): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1999.032.p2.01.
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Simić, Aleksandar, Ognjan Skrobić e Anja Žugić. "Minimally invasive antireflux surgery: High volume center experience of first 550 cases". Galenika Medical Journal 2, n.º 7 (2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/galmed2307007s.
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Introduction: Thus paper is a presentation of a ten-year experience of minimally invasive antireflux surgery by a surgical team in a highly specialized center. Materials and Methods: An observational retrospective clinical study with prospective follow-up was conducted, including consecutively operated patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and giant hiatus hernia (GHH). The research was carried out at the Esophageal Surgery Center, Digestive Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, from January 2010 to January 2020. Comprehensive preoperative and intraoperative findings, surgical procedures, and postoperative monitoring details are presented. Results: In total, 550 consecutive patients were included in the study. Minimally invasive antireflux surgery was performed in 260 patients for GERD, while surgery for giant hiatus hernia (GHH) and its subgroup involving intrathoracic gastric positioning was conducted in 184 and 106 patients, respectively. There were no conversions to open procedures. Pneumothorax occurred in 21 patients as a result of intraoperative pleural injury. Two patients required re-intervention due to port-site bleeding. Short-term and long-term follow-up outcomes are highly satisfactory and have been presented in detail. Conclusion: The introduction and implementation of minimally invasive antireflux surgery, when properly executed within a highly specialized center, can lead to a low incidence of complications and highly satisfactory short-term and long-term functional outcomes.
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Sun, H. M., e X. Kang. "A bender-element based dynamic penetrometer for the measurement of shear wave velocity and shear strength of in-situ soils". Géotechnique Letters 13, n.º 3 (1 de junho de 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgele.23.00023.
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The excavation of underground space during rapid urbanization requires a fully understanding of shear wave velocity (Vs-hh and Vs-hv) and shear strength parameters (cohesive strength (c) and internal friction angle (ϕ)) of soil materials. However, existing laboratory and in-situ testing techniques are usually imprecise, time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this work, a bender-element based dynamic penetrometer (BE-DP) was developed. Shear wave velocity was measured through two pairs of bender elements installed in the cone shafts. Small-strain stiffness (Ghh and Ghv) and stiffness anisotropic ratio (Ghh/Ghv) were calculated through the measured shear wave velocity. Shear strength parameters were obtained through a series of theoretical formulas. In-situ tests of fully weathered slate (FWS) and granite residual soil (GRS) were conducted by applying BE-DP. Test results indicated that FWS had obvious stiffness anisotropy while GRS had slight stiffness anisotropy, which were in consistent with SEM and TEM observations of two kinds of soils. Meanwhile, SEM and TEM observations also showed that soil particle size of FWS was much larger than that of GRS, resulting in a much larger shear wave velocity and small-strain stiffness of FWS than GRS. Due to less disturbance of in-situ tests than laboratory experiments, shear strength measured by BE-DP was a little bit larger than that measured by laboratory experiments for both FWS and GRS. In-situ test results proved that the newly developed BE-DP was feasible, robust, multifunctional and cost-effective.
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Muli, Farastika Unjunan, Efri Efri, Muhammad Syamsoel Hadi e Radix Suharjo. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PUPUK MIKRO DAN BEBERAPA GENOTIPE SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) TERHADAP INTENSITAS PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum sp.) DI LAHAN PETANI TANJUNG BINTANG LAMPUNG SELATAN". Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 8, n.º 2 (20 de maio de 2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v8i2.3902.
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One of the diseases that often found in sorghum plants is anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sp. The purposed of this study was to determine the effect of adding micro fertilizer and the use of several sorghum genotypes on the intensity of anthracnose disease. The study was conducted in Sukanegara, Tanjung Bintang, South Lampung in April 2017 - February 2018 and at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The treatments were arranged using a randomized block design in a split plot design (3 times replications), the main plot was micro nutrients (with micro addition and without micro addition) and 15 subgroups of sorghum genotypes (Numbu, Samurai 1, GH3, UPCA, GH4, P / I WHP, GH6, Super 2, GH13, P / F 51-93-C, Super 1, GH5, Mandau, GH7, and Talaga Bodas). The results showed that the addition of "ZincMicro" micro fertilizers to sorghum plants did not affect the intensity of anthracnose disease, however there were differences in the intensity of anthracnose diseases between sorghum genotypes. Numbu Genotype, GH 3, and GH 13 were relatively more resistant to anthracnose disease than the other genotypes.
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Völgyi, Eszter, Markku Alén, Leiting Xu, Arja Lyytikäinen, Qin Wang, Eveliina Munukka, Petri Wiklund, Frances A. Tylavsky e Sulin Cheng. "Effect of long-term leisure time physical activity on lean mass and fat mass in girls during adolescence". Journal of Applied Physiology 110, n.º 5 (maio de 2011): 1211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00996.2010.
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The purpose of this 7-yr prospective longitudinal study was to examine if the level and consistency of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during adolescence affected the quantity and distribution of lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) at early adulthood. The study subjects were 202 Finnish girls who were 10–13 yr old at baseline. LM and FM of the total body (TB), arms, legs, and trunk were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) of the left leg was assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Scores of LTPA were obtained by questionnaire. Girls were divided into four groups comprising those with consistently low (GLL) or consistently high (GHH) physical activity, or those whose physical activity changed from low to high (GLH), or from high to low (GHL), over the 7 yr of follow-up. At baseline, no differences were found in LM, FM, and FM% among the groups in any of the body segments. By the end of the study GHH and GLH had higher values of LM of the TB, arms, legs, and trunk than that of the GHL and GLL groups ( P < 0.05, respectively). High FM% of the TB was associated with low level of LTPA, but no significant differences were found in the absolute amount of FM and mCSA among the LTPA groups. Our results suggest that a consistently high level of LTPA during the transition from prepuberty to early adulthood has a positive effect on lean mass gain in girls. Participating in 5 h of LTPA per week had a significant effect on FM% but not on the absolute amount of fat mass.
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Lam, Ming Quan, Nicola C. Oates, Daniel R. Leadbeater, Kian Mau Goh, Adibah Yahya, Madihah Md Salleh, Zaharah Ibrahim, Neil C. Bruce e Chun Shiong Chong. "Genomic Analysis to Elucidate the Lignocellulose Degrading Capability of a New Halophile Robertkochia solimangrovi". Genes 13, n.º 11 (17 de novembro de 2022): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13112135.
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Robertkochia solimangrovi is a proposed marine bacterium isolated from mangrove soil. So far, the study of this bacterium is limited to taxonomy only. In this report, we performed a genomic analysis of R. solimangrovi that revealed its lignocellulose degrading ability. Genome mining of R. solimangrovi revealed a total of 87 lignocellulose degrading enzymes. These enzymes include cellulases (GH3, GH5, GH9 and GH30), xylanases (GH5, GH10, GH43, GH51, GH67, and GH115), mannanases (GH2, GH26, GH27 and GH113) and xyloglucanases (GH2, GH5, GH16, GH29, GH31 and GH95). Most of the lignocellulolytic enzymes encoded in R. solimangrovi were absent in the genome of Robertkochia marina, the closest member from the same genus. Furthermore, current work also demonstrated the ability of R. solimangrovi to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes to deconstruct oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), a lignocellulosic waste found abundantly in palm oil industry. The metabolic pathway taken by R. solimangrovi to transport and process the reducing sugars after the action of lignocellulolytic enzymes on EFB was also inferred based on genomic data. Collectively, genomic analysis coupled with experimental studies elucidated R. solimangrovi to serve as a promising candidate in seawater based-biorefinery industry.
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Petropoulos, Spyridon A., Ângela Fernandes, Sofia Plexida, Carla Pereira, Maria Inês Dias, Ricardo Calhelha, Antonios Chrysargyris et al. "The Sustainable Use of Cotton, Hazelnut and Ground Peanut Waste in Vegetable Crop Production". Sustainability 12, n.º 20 (15 de outubro de 2020): 8511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208511.
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The environmental burden from crop production byproducts is gradually increasing and necessitates the sustainable management of waste towards a circular economy approach. In the present study, three byproducts (cotton ginning waste (CGW), ground hazelnut husks (GHH) and ground peanut husks (GPH)) were evaluated in lettuce cultivation. For this purpose, the tested materials were incorporated in soil at two different rates (25% and 50% of total substrate volume) while a control treatment (no addition of byproducts) was also considered. Fresh weight per plant and total yield was the highest for the GHH50% treatment. The highest fat, protein, carbohydrates and energy content were observed for the CGW25% treatment. Chemical composition also differed among the tested byproducts where CGW25% treatment had the highest total tocopherols, sugars (sucrose, fructose, trehalose and total sugars) and organic acids content. The most abundant fatty acids were α-linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acid in all the tested treatments, while the highest antioxidant activity was observed for the GHH50% treatment. Regarding polyphenols, phenolic acids content was the highest in the GHH treatments, whereas flavonoids were the highest for the CGW25% treatment. No cytotoxicity against the PLP2 non-tumor cell line was observed, whereas only the GPH50% treatment showed moderate efficacy against HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. The tested extracts also showed moderate antibacterial activities and only the extracts from the CGW50% treatment were more effective than the positive control against Trichoderma viride. In conclusion, the present results showed the great potential of using the tested byproducts as soil amendments for vegetable crops production, since they may improve the nutritional parameters, the chemical profile and the bioactivities of the final product. The suggested alternative use of the tested byproducts not only will increase the added value of crops but will also alleviate the environmental burden from bulky agroindustry byproducts.
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Arensbach, Stine Degnegaard. "Re-designing public–private partnerships: Case study – Green Hydrogen Hub, Denmark". Journal of Design, Business & Society 9, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 2023): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dbs_00053_1.
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Public and private actors are increasingly realizing that the hypercomplex challenges that societies are facing require them to collaborate in different manners than current structures and best practices cater for. Private–public partnerships (PPP) and public–private innovation (PPI) are familiar constructs. However, politicians, public and private actors, and academics increasingly point out that society’s complex, wicked problems require new forms of collaboration structures that allow for solutions to be co-created in order to create real impact. Novel collaboration structures are emerging worldwide, and early studies indicate that they demand a radical change of governmental behaviours in order to sustain these, often long-term, relationships. This case study examines the cross-sectoral co-creation initiative, Green Hydrogen Hub (GHH). GHH is designing and developing a society-scale green energy storage capacity that will play a key role in the green electrification of Denmark. Specifically, it investigates the change of role, self-perception and orchestrating capabilities of the governmental actor, Gas Storage Denmark, in its role in the public–private co-creation (PPC) consortium. Through a series of qualitative interviews with both public and private actors within and surrounding the co-creation consortium, this study has identified one overarching necessity for driving successful PPC: the ability to juxtapose public actors’ for-purpose obligations and private actors’ for-profit obligations in a non-oppositional setup. The case shows how this is obtained through three key indicators: 1) an ability to establish a resilient team, 2) a strong focus on storytelling about the overall purpose, 3) a plasticity from the actors to deliver on the purpose. As such, this article brings a deeper understanding for both public and private organizations as to how they can effectively engage in co-operative complex innovation activities.
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Al-Madani, Abdullah A., Ibrahim M. Al-Helal e Abdullah A. Alsadon. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Reflective and Diffusive Polyethylene Films as Greenhouse Covers in Arid Environments". Agronomy 14, n.º 5 (20 de maio de 2024): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14051082.
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The application of diffusive and reflective polyethylene (PE) films as greenhouse coverings in arid climates presents an opportunity to improve the microclimate of the greenhouse and achieve consistent light distribution within the crop canopy. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the properties of these covers and their impact on the microclimate and the growth parameters of crops. This study aimed to assess the impact of different covers on the diffusion of beam radiation during transmission, microclimatic parameters, and growth parameters of cucumbers in each of the greenhouses they covered. In the study, three PE covers were evaluated: a reflective cover (RC), a diffusive film (DC), and a locally produced cover (LPC) as the control treatment. The covers were installed on three identical, single-span, evaporatively cooled greenhouses named GH1/LPC, GH2/RC, and GH3/DC, which were utilized for cultivating cucumber crops. The results indicated that the diffusive nature of the tested films increased the ratio of diffuse to global solar radiation (D/G) from 0.22 outside the greenhouses to 0.49, 0.42, and 0.41 inside GH1/LPC, GH3/DC, and GH2/RC, respectively. Similarly, the ratio of diffuse to direct beam radiation (D/B) showed an increase, with values of 0.95, 0.70, and 0.68 inside GH1/LPC, GH3/DC, and GH2/RC, respectively, compared to the outside value of 0.28. The DC used in GH3 showed a favorable microclimate by reducing the air temperature and improving the relative humidity. Accordingly, the vegetative growth of the cucumbers was significantly improved in GH3/DC, reflected in increases in their biomass, followed by GH2/RC and GH1/LPC. The highest crop yield (p ≤ 0.05) of 12.3 kg/m2 was achieved in GH3/DC, followed by 10.2 kg/m2 in GH2/RC and 10.1 kg/m2 in GH1/LPC. Interestingly, the LPC not only stood out as a low-cost option but also displayed excellent diffusive–radiative properties, and demonstrated reasonable growth development and productivity for the cucumber crops. Consequently, the LPC emerges as a practical and cost-effective greenhouse covering material for crop production in arid climates.
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Furtado, RV, SJ Vivian, H. van der Wall e GL Falk. "Medium-term durability of giant hiatus hernia repair without mesh". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, n.º 7 (setembro de 2016): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0156.
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Introduction This is the second report on objective review of 100 patients who underwent composite fundoplication-cardiopexy for repair of giant hiatus hernia (GHH) at a median of 24 months following surgery. Outcomes were objective follow-up by endoscopy and quality of life (QoL) by Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), modified Visick scores and dysphagia scores. The initial report for this cohort suggested a low objective recurrence rate (9%) and substantial improvements in QoL indices. Methods The rate of hernia recurrence was assessed with Kaplan–Meier analysis and covariates were analysed with the Cox proportional hazards model. Paired t-tests and related samples Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare QoL scores. Unpaired data were compared with the independent samples t-test and Mann–Whitney U test. Results Objective review was obtained in 97% of the patients. There were five recurrences of hernias that had a vertical height of >2cm from the diaphragmatic hiatus, with three patients requiring reoperation for severe dysphagia. Small recurrences (<2cm) occurred in 20 patients. The median time to recurrence was 40 months (95% confidence interval: 34–46 months). At two years, recurrence of any size had occurred in 24% of cases. At follow-up review (median: 27 months), the mean GIQLI score was 109 (p=0.279), the median modified Visick score was 2 (p=0.954) and the median dysphagia score was 41 (p=0.623). There was no evidence that the GIQLI score (p=0.089), the modified Visick score (p=0.339) or the dysphagia score (p=0.445) changed significantly after recurrence. Conclusions There was a sustained improvement in overall QoL and reflux scores after GHH repair. QoL scores showed persistent improvement in reflux and overall health, even in the subgroup with recurrence. The majority (80%) of recurrences were small and recurrent herniation did not appear to significantly change QoL. The rates of recurrence and QoL are comparable with those for other methods of repair.
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Orth, U., H. Ebbing, H. Krain, A. Weber e B. Hoffmann. "Improved Compressor Exit Diffuser for an Industrial Gas Turbine". Journal of Turbomachinery 124, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2001): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1413476.
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Cycle studies carried out for the medium pressure ratio gas turbine THM 1304 of 10 MW power output manufactured by MAN Turbomaschinen AG GHH BORSIG predicted that the overall efficiency of the multistage compressor, composed of a ten-stage axial and a single-stage centrifugal compressor, would improve by 0.8 percent if the efficiency of the back stage centrifugal unit could be raised by 4 percent. It was expected that this would result in a noticeable improvement of the thermal gas turbine efficiency. The paper describes the aerodynamic design process used for the stage optimization, applying today’s advanced design tools for blade generation and three-dimensional aerodynamic calculation methods. Additionally, it describes the manufacturing procedure for the resulting three-dimensional blades and the experimental verification of the design approach.
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He, Shanying, Haihui Guo, Zhenli He, Chunping Yang, Tao Yu, Qiwei Chai e Li Lu. "Interaction of Lolium perenne and Hyphomicrobium sp. GHH enhances the removal of 17α-ethinyestradiol (EE2) from soil". Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, n.º 3 (25 de agosto de 2018): 1297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2116-y.
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He, Shanying, Yuan Li, Haihui Guo, Li Lu e Chunping Yang. "Combined effect of ryegrass and Hyphomicrobium sp. GHH on the remediation of EE2-Cd co-contaminated soil". Journal of Soils and Sediments 20, n.º 1 (16 de junho de 2019): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02358-8.
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An, Peng, Changjialian Yang, Wei Li, Dahe Zhao e Hua Xiang. "The Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Psychrotolerant Cellulolytic Bacterium, Microbacterium sp. QXD-8T". Microorganisms 12, n.º 2 (31 de janeiro de 2024): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020303.
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Cellulolytic microorganisms play a crucial role in agricultural waste disposal. Strain QXD-8T was isolated from soil in northern China. Similarity analyses of the 16S rRNA gene, as well as the 120 conserved genes in the whole-genome sequence, indicate that it represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium. The Microbacterium sp. QXD-8T was able to grow on the CAM plate with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a carbon source at 15 °C, forming a transparent hydrolysis circle after Congo red staining, even though the optimal temperature for the growth and cellulose degradation of strain QXD-8T was 28 °C. In the liquid medium, it effectively degraded cellulose and produced reducing sugars. Functional annotation revealed the presence of encoding genes for the GH5, GH6, and GH10 enzyme families with endoglucanase activity, as well as the GH1, GH3, GH39, and GH116 enzyme families with β-glucosidase activity. Additionally, two proteins in the GH6 family, one in the GH10, and two of nine proteins in the GH3 were predicted to contain a signal peptide and transmembrane region, suggesting their potential for extracellularly degrade cellulose. Based on the physiological features of the type strain QXD-8T, we propose the name Microbacterium psychrotolerans for this novel species. This study expands the diversity of psychrotolerant cellulolytic bacteria and provides a potential microbial resource for straw returning in high-latitude areas at low temperatures.
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Russo, Jacqueline, Marie-Rose Allo, Jean-Pierre Nenon e Michel Brehélin. "The hemocytes of the mealybugs Phenacoccus manihoti and Planococcus citri (Insecta: Homoptera) and their role in capsule formation". Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 1994): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-034.
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Hemocytes of Phenacoccus manihoti and Planococcus citri were studied to determine general ultrastructure, phenoloxidase activity, and the presence or absence of a glycocalyx. Prohemocytes, oenocytoids, and granular hemocytes of types 1 (GH1), 2 (GH2), and 3 (GH3) were observed in P. manihoti. In P. citri we observed only GH2 and GH3 (macrophage-like cells). In addition to these hemocyte types, other cells that we believe to be fat-body cells were also observed free in the hemolymph. There was evidence of phenoloxidase activity in GH2 and GH3. The intensity of this reaction increased after parasitization of P. manihoti by the wasp Epidinocarsis lopezi. In most hemocyte types the glycocalyx was very little developed. In P. manihoti, lysis of hemocytes was observed in the vicinity of the parasitoid larva, leading to the formation of a capsule.
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Dai, Xin, Yan Tian, Jinting Li, Xiaoyun Su, Xuewei Wang, Shengguo Zhao, Li Liu et al. "Metatranscriptomic Analyses of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Degradation by Microorganisms in the Cow Rumen". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, n.º 4 (12 de dezembro de 2014): 1375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03682-14.
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ABSTRACTThe bovine rumen represents a highly specialized bioreactor where plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWPs) are efficiently deconstructed via numerous enzymes produced by resident microorganisms. Although a large number of fibrolytic genes from rumen microorganisms have been identified, it remains unclear how they are expressed in a coordinated manner to efficiently degrade PCWPs. In this study, we performed a metatranscriptomic analysis of the rumen microbiomes of adult Holstein cows fed a fiber diet and obtained a total of 1,107,083 high-quality non-rRNA reads with an average length of 483 nucleotides. Transcripts encoding glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) accounted for ∼1% and ∼0.1% of the total non-rRNAs, respectively. The majority (∼98%) of the putative cellulases belonged to four GH families (i.e., GH5, GH9, GH45, and GH48) and were primarily synthesized byRuminococcusandFibrobacter. Notably, transcripts for GH48 cellobiohydrolases were relatively abundant compared to the abundance of transcripts for other cellulases. Two-thirds of the putative hemicellulases were of the GH10, GH11, and GH26 types and were produced by members of the generaRuminococcus,Prevotella, andFibrobacter. Most (∼82%) predicted oligosaccharide-degrading enzymes were GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH43 proteins and were from a diverse group of microorganisms. Transcripts for CBM10 and dockerin, key components of the cellulosome, were also relatively abundant. Our results provide metatranscriptomic evidence in support of the notion that members of the generaRuminococcus,Fibrobacter, andPrevotellaare predominant PCWP degraders and point to the significant contribution of GH48 cellobiohydrolases and cellulosome-like structures to efficient PCWP degradation in the cow rumen.
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Xu, Wenzhang, e Truong Le. "Use of machine learning in determining Gmax from bender element tests". E3S Web of Conferences 544 (2024): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454401020.
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The use of bender element is one of the most popular methods of determining shear wave velocity, and hence elastic shear modulus due to its relatively straightforward experimental set-up. While several analysis methods have been proposed, manual interpretation using the first arrival continues to be favoured owing to its simplicity. This paper presents a novel automated program for determining the shear wave velocity and associated maximum shear modulus. The proposed new method involves the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to predict the most probable shear wave velocity using a range of input frequencies as the inputs. Estimates made by the trained CNN are compared to values determined using more traditional interpretation methods (first-arrival, cross-correlation and frequency domain). The program is able to autonomously determining the shear modulus in the three principal orientations (Gvh, Ghv, and Ghh) at a range of stress levels. The shear modulus determined using the range of techniques showed great agreement. Statistical analysis of the determined shear modulus regression of over 0.99 between interpretations made using first arrival and that estimated using the new CNN approach.
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Tromp, R. H., P. Postorino, G. W. Neilson, M. A. Ricci e A. K. Soper. "Neutron diffraction studies of H2O/D2O at supercritical temperatures. A direct determination of gHH(r), gOH(r), and gOO(r)". Journal of Chemical Physics 101, n.º 7 (outubro de 1994): 6210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468403.
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Khan, Qasim, Yannick Ng e Taeseo Ku. "Small Strain Stiffness of Artificially Cemented Soft Clay: Modelling the Effect of Structure Degradation". E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 11009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199211009.
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This paper presents a study on the evolution of small strain stiffness (Gmax) along vertical and horizontal directions for lightly cemented clay. Soft clays have historically been a subject for studying the evolution of stiffness anisotropy under varying loading conditions. These studies have focused on stress history (overconsolidation) effects as well. However, for lightly cemented clays, such studies are limited and their main scope has primarily been on the evolution of vertically aligned stiffness (GVH) at varying effective confining stresses. This study investigates the effect of isotropic loading on uncemented and lightly cemented kaolin clay. Kaolin clay mixed with 10% cement is used in this study. Stiffness measurements have been conducted using bender elements for obtaining GVH and GHH hence resulting in the measurement of vertical and horizontal stiffness values respectively. By comparing the behaviour of both samples, the influence of bonding and fabric due to cementation on the evolution of stiffness and anisotropy is studied. In order to characterize the behavior of structure in cemented soil with confining stress, a modelling equation is applied for the cemented sample to predict the variation of Gmax before and after yielding.
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Zahrawaan, Amy. "Tetra Pak Printing: Sebuah Model Pengolahan Sampah Berbasis Seni". Urban: Jurnal Seni Urban 6, n.º 1 (13 de abril de 2022): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52969/jsu.v6i1.55.
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Garbage is often seen as something that cannot be reused and becomes a problem. On that basis, art can be an alternative to respond to these problems. This article will describe a review of the results of the analysis of the use of waste waste that can be an alternative resource in making works of art through the Tetra Pak Printing model using the intaglio technique. This research is reviewed using art-based research methods, namely research on a problem through an artistic approach. This research will specifically examine and show how the waste management model uses graphic art practices carried out by the Huru Hara Graphic artist group (GHH) in the 2020-2022 period through the Tetra Pak Printing model. Tetra Pak Printing uses Tetra Pak branded beverage packaging waste as the main material. The use of alternative media aims to replace or find media that can be easily accessed by the public and are more environmentally friendly. As a comparison, this paper also includes several examples of ecological-based art practices, in addition to the utilization of Tetra Pak packaging waste. The findings of the analysis show that the Tetra Pak Printing model can be an alternative model for the intaglio technique because it is easier, practical, and economical and can be reached by all levels of society. In addition, Tetra Pak Printing can be said to have been able to answer and be a solution to one of the ecological challenges through art, especially in terms of waste management in the community.Sampah sering dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang sudah tidak bisa didayagunakan kembali dan menjadi sebuah masalah. Atas dasar itu, kesenian dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk menanggapi problematika tersebut. Artikel ini akan menguraikan tinjauan hasil analisis terhadap pemanfaatan limbah sampah yang dapat menjadi sumber daya alternatif dalam pembuatan karya seni melalui model Tetra Pak Printing menggunakan teknik intaglio. Penelitian ini ditinjau menggunakan metode riset berbasis seni, yakni penelitian terhadap suatu masalah melalui pendekatan artistik. Penelitian ini secara khusus akan mengkaji dan memperlihatkan bagaimana model pengelolaan limbah sampah menggunakan praktik seni grafis yang dilakukan oleh kelompok seniman Grafis Huru Hara (GHH) dalam kurun waktu 2020-2022 melalui model Tetra Pak Printing. Tetra Pak Printing menggunakan bahan limbah kemasan bekas minuman bermerek Tetra Pak sebagai material utama. Penggunaan media alternatif ini bertujuan untuk mengganti atau mencari media yang dapat dengan mudah diakses masyarakat dan lebih ramah lingkungan. Sebagai pembanding, dalam tulisan ini juga disertakan beberapa contoh praktik seni berbasis ekologi selain pemanfaatan limbah kemasan Tetra Pak. Temuan analisis memperlihatkan bahwa model Tetra Pak Printing dapat menjadi model alternatif teknik intaglio karena lebih mudah, praktis, dan ekonomis serta dapat dijangkau semua kalangan masyarakat. Di samping itu, Tetra Pak Printing dapat dikatakan telah mampu menjawab dan menjadi solusi salah satu tantangan ekologis melalui kesenian, khususnya dalam hal pengelolaan sampah di masyarakat.
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Kandov, Evelyn, Lina Pednekar, Kinga K. Hosszu, Japbani Nanda, Dennis K. Galanakis, Klaus T. Preissner, Uday Kishore, Ellinor I. B. Peerschke e Berhane Ghebrehiwet. "The dual roles of membrane and soluble forms of gC1qR and C1q in the breast cancer microenvironment." Journal of Immunology 198, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de maio de 2017): 75.5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.75.5.
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Abstract There is robust experimental data, which show that C1q and gC1qR play a pro- as well as anti-proliferative role in cancer. This opposing role in turn depends on whether each molecule is expressed on the cell surface or pericellular milieu. The aim of the present studies was therefore to more closely examine the functions of soluble and membrane forms of gC1qR and C1q using the SkBr3 cell line as a model for breast cancer. Our results show that: (1) In addition to gC1qR and cC1qR, SkBr3 cells express membrane C1q, and these molecules appear to be co-localized with each other as well as with fibrinogen (FGN) and vitronectin (VN). (2) Co-culture of SkBr3 cells with either purified C1q or with pAb directed against the gC1qR site on the A-chain of gC1q (ghA) resulted in a time-dependent inhibition of cell growth. (3) Co-culture of SkBr3 cells with individual C1q head modules-–ghA, ghB and ghC–showed significant inhibition, with the inhibitory hierarchy being ghA>ghC >ghB. (4) While SkBr3 cells do not secrete C1q, they are able to secrete gC1qR, and the latter in turn is able to negate the anti-proliferative effect of exogenously added C1q supporting the postulate that gC1qR secreted into the tumor cell microenvironment serves as an important molecular checkpoint. Collectively, the data show that both membrane-associated gC1qR and C1q on their own are pro-proliferative. Whereas the proliferative function of gC1qR can be abrogated by blockade of its C1q binding site, the proliferative function of C1q can be abrogated by blockade of its gh domains with specific antibodies indicating therefore that the pro-proliferative function of C1q resides in the its gh domains, with the ghA domain playing a central role.
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Sabater, Carlos, Lorena Ruiz e Abelardo Margolles. "A Machine Learning Approach to Study Glycosidase Activities from Bifidobacterium". Microorganisms 9, n.º 5 (11 de maio de 2021): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9051034.
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This study aimed to recover metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from human fecal samples to characterize the glycosidase profiles of Bifidobacterium species exposed to different prebiotic oligosaccharides (galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides and human milk oligosaccharides, HMOs) as well as high-fiber diets. A total of 1806 MAGs were recovered from 487 infant and adult metagenomes. Unsupervised and supervised classification of glycosidases codified in MAGs using machine-learning algorithms allowed establishing characteristic hydrolytic profiles for B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum and B. pseudocatenulatum, yielding classification rates above 90%. Glycosidase families GH5 44, GH32, and GH110 were characteristic of B. bifidum. The presence or absence of GH1, GH2, GH5 and GH20 was characteristic of B. adolescentis, B. breve and B. pseudocatenulatum, while families GH1 and GH30 were relevant in MAGs from B. longum. These characteristic profiles allowed discriminating bifidobacteria regardless of prebiotic exposure. Correlation analysis of glycosidase activities suggests strong associations between glycosidase families comprising HMOs-degrading enzymes, which are often found in MAGs from the same species. Mathematical models here proposed may contribute to a better understanding of the carbohydrate metabolism of some common bifidobacteria species and could be extrapolated to other microorganisms of interest in future studies.
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Stewart, M. K., e B. D. Fahey. "Landuse effects on runoff generating processes in tussock grassland indicated by mean transit time estimation using tritium". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, n.º 1 (10 de fevereiro de 2010): 1073–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-1073-2010.
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Abstract. The east Otago uplands of New Zealand's South Island have long been studied because of the environmental consequences of converting native tussock grasslands to other land covers, notably forestry and pasture for stock grazing. Early studies showed that afforestation substantially reduced annual water yield, stream peak flows, and 7-day low flows, mainly as a consequence of increased interception. Tritium measurements have indicated that surprisingly old water is present in catchments GH1 and GH2, and the small headwater wetland and catchment (GH5). The old water contributes strongly to baseflow (and therefore also to quickflow). The data have been simulated assuming the presence of two types of water in the baseflow, young water from shallow aquifers connecting hillside regolith with the stream, and old water from deep bedrock aquifers, respectively. The mean transit time of the young water is of the order of months, while that of the old water is 25–26 years as revealed by the presence of tritium originating from the bomb-peak in NZ rainfall in late 1960s and early 1970s. Such a long transit time indicates slow release from groundwater reservoirs within the bedrock, which constitute by far the larger of the water stores. Comparison of the results from catchments GH1 (tussock) and GH2 (pine forest) suggests that about equal quantities of water (85 mm annually) are contributed from the deep aquifers in the two catchments, although runoff from the shallow aquifers has been strongly reduced by afforestation in GH2.
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Book, Adam J., Gina R. Lewin, Bradon R. McDonald, Taichi E. Takasuka, Drew T. Doering, Aaron S. Adams, Joshua A. V. Blodgett et al. "Cellulolytic Streptomyces Strains Associated with Herbivorous Insects Share a Phylogenetically Linked Capacity To Degrade Lignocellulose". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, n.º 15 (16 de maio de 2014): 4692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01133-14.
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ABSTRACTActinobacteria in the genusStreptomycesare critical players in microbial communities that decompose complex carbohydrates in the soil, and these bacteria have recently been implicated in the deconstruction of plant polysaccharides for some herbivorous insects. Despite the importance ofStreptomycesto carbon cycling, the extent of their plant biomass-degrading ability remains largely unknown. In this study, we compared four strains ofStreptomycesisolated from insect herbivores that attack pine trees: DpondAA-B6 (SDPB6) from the mountain pine beetle, SPB74 from the southern pine beetle, and SirexAA-E (SACTE) and SirexAA-G from the woodwasp,Sirex noctilio. Biochemical analysis of secreted enzymes demonstrated that only two of these strains, SACTE and SDPB6, were efficient at degrading plant biomass. Genomic analyses indicated that SACTE and SDPB6 are closely related and that they share similar compositions of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Genome-wide proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the major exocellulases (GH6 and GH48), lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (AA10), and mannanases (GH5) were conserved and secreted by both organisms, while the secreted endocellulases (GH5 and GH9 versus GH9 and GH12) were from diverged enzyme families. Together, these data identify two phylogenetically related insect-associatedStreptomycesstrains with high biomass-degrading activity and characterize key enzymatic similarities and differences used by these organisms to deconstruct plant biomass.
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Todorova, Nadezhda, Miroslav Rangelov, Vanya Bogoeva, Vishnya Stoyanova, Anna Yordanova, Ginka Nikolova, Hristo Georgiev et al. "Anti-Idiotype scFv Localizes an Autoepitope in the Globular Domain of C1q". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n.º 15 (1 de agosto de 2021): 8288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158288.
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We addressed the issue of C1q autoantigenicity by studying the structural features of the autoepitopes recognized by the polyclonal anti-C1q antibodies present in Lupus Nephritis (LN) sera. We used six fractions of anti-C1q as antigens and selected anti-idiotypic scFv antibodies from the phage library “Griffin.1”. The monoclonal scFv A1 was the most potent inhibitor of the recognition of C1q and its fragments ghA, ghB and ghC, comprising the globular domain gC1q, by the lupus autoantibodies. It was sequenced and in silico folded by molecular dynamics into a 3D structure. The generated 3D model of A1 elucidated CDR similarity to the apical region of gC1q, thus mapping indirectly for the first time a globular autoepitope of C1q. The VH CDR2 of A1 mimicked the ghA sequence GSEAD suggested as a cross-epitope between anti-DNA and anti-C1q antibodies. Other potential inhibitors of the recognition of C1q by the LN autoantibodies among the selected recombinant antibodies were the monoclonal scFv F6, F9 and A12.
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Stewart, M. K., e B. D. Fahey. "Runoff generating processes in adjacent tussock grassland and pine plantation catchments as indicated by mean transit time estimation using tritium". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, n.º 6 (24 de junho de 2010): 1021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1021-2010.
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Abstract. The east Otago uplands of New Zealand's South Island have long been studied because of the environmental consequences of converting native tussock grasslands to other land covers, notably forestry and pasture for stock grazing. Early studies showed that afforestation substantially reduced annual water yield, stream peak flows, and 7-day low flows, mainly as a consequence of increased interception. Tritium measurements have indicated that surprisingly old water is present in catchments GH1 and GH2, and the small headwater wetland and catchment (GH5), and contributes strongly to baseflow. The data have been simulated assuming the presence of two types of water in the baseflow, young water from shallow aquifers connecting hillside regolith with the stream, and old water from deep bedrock aquifers, respectively. The mean transit time of the young water is approximately one month, while that of the old water is 25–26 years as revealed by the presence of tritium originating from the bomb-peak in NZ rainfall in late 1960s and early 1970s. Such a long transit time indicates slow release from groundwater reservoirs within the bedrock, which constitute by far the larger of the water stores. Comparison of the results from catchments GH1 (tussock) and GH2 (pine forest) suggests that about equal quantities of water (85 mm/a) are contributed from the deep aquifers in the two catchments, although runoff from the shallow aquifers has been strongly reduced by afforestation in GH2. This study has revealed the presence of a long transit time component of water in runoff in a catchment with crystalline metamorphic bedrock.
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BRAKATSOULA, Stella Olympia, Maria KOUSOULA, Christina NIKAKI, Antonios MAVROEIDIS, Alexandros TATARIDAS, Ioannis ROUSSIS, Ioanna KAKABOUKI, Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU, Kostas TSIMPOUKAS e Dimitrios BILALIS. "Economic Analysis of Medical Cannabis Greenhouse Production for Cbd in Greece". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 78, n.º 2 (29 de novembro de 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2021.0035.
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A field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural University of Athens in order to evaluate the effect of different greenhouse cover materials on the CBD yield. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L var. Futura 75) plants were grown in three different greenhouses, each constructed with different polyethylene films by PLASTIKA KRITIS S.A. The overall CBD yield per greenhouse was estimated once the cannabis buds matured. Following this evaluation, a business plan was formed for the greenhouse whose cover materials prompted the highest CBD yield. Out of the three greenhouses (GH1, GH2, and GH3), the highest CBD yield was reported on GH2. Two different cover materials, with different properties, were used for the construction of GH2, EVO 7507 AC and EVO 7526 AC. The results indicate that in a five-year span, cannabis production in greenhouses built with the aforementioned materials, could result in a Net Profit of more than 25.000.000 € ha-1. In conclusion, greenhouse cover materials should always be considered in cannabis greenhouse production. Even though greenhouse cannabis production for CBD oil seems to be a potentially profitable business in Greece, selecting appropriate cover materials can significantly increase producer’s profit.
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Gao, Y., e Y. H. Wang. "Experimental characterization of deformation, coefficient of earth pressure at rest, stiffness, and contact force distributions of sand during secondary compression and rebound". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, n.º 5 (maio de 2016): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0324.
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This paper aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the sand responses during secondary compression and rebound based on experimental characterizations. The experiment was carried out on dry Leighton Buzzard sand using a modified direct shear box equipped with tactile pressure sensors for the stress measurements and bender elements for stiffness (i.e., Ghv and Ghh) monitoring. It was found that secondary compression and rebound followed the same deformation trends as primary compression and rebound to continuously contract and expand, respectively. The deformation characteristics determined the changes in the associated soil properties; therefore, the opposite soil behavior during secondary compression and rebound was observed. During secondary compression, the corresponding void change, deviatoric strains εq, and the deviatoric strain rate [Formula: see text] increased with increasing vertical stress [Formula: see text] or deviatoric stress q because the sample crept more easily under a higher [Formula: see text] or q. The compression deformation gave rise to an increase in the horizontal stress [Formula: see text] and associated coefficient of earth pressure at rest K0. The soil stiffness also increased as the contact normal forces became more homogenized. During secondary rebound, the sample expanded unabated no matter whether [Formula: see text] was greater or smaller than [Formula: see text]. The corresponding void ratio change, εq, and [Formula: see text] increased with decreasing [Formula: see text] or q because the sample expanded more easily under a lower [Formula: see text] or q. The expansion gradually reduced [Formula: see text] along with the associated K0 value. The sample stiffness continued to decrease, and contact force homogenization was not observed.
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Ng, Charles WW, Erin HY Leung e C. K. Lau. "Inherent anisotropic stiffness of weathered geomaterial and its influence on ground deformations around deep excavations". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2004): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t03-066.
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The shear modulus G0 at very small strain (0.001% or less) is an important parameter for predicting ground movements of many geotechnical structures. Recent advances in laboratory testing enable the measurement of shear moduli in different planes of a soil specimen for the evaluation of stiffness anisotropy. Most studies of stiffness anisotropy have been conducted on sedimentary soils and clean sands, and the anisotropic stiffness of weathered material has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, the degree of inherent stiffness anisotropy of completely decomposed tuff (CDT) was evaluated through multidirectional shear wave velocity measurements using bender elements. Tests were performed on both natural (undisturbed) Mazier and block samples and the results were compared. CDT clearly exhibits inherent stiffness anisotropy, with a stiffness ratio between the shear modulus in the horizontal and vertical planes (Ghh/Ghv) ranging from 1.26 to 1.36. The stiffness parameters derived from the laboratory tests were utilized in numerical analysis of the influence of the inherent stiffness anisotropy on ground deformations around a hypothetical but typical multipropped deep excavation. For the given soil models and parameters used, the maximum computed wall deflection and ground settlement due to the pumping of groundwater prior to any excavation were 8% and 19% greater, respectively, than those of an isotropic analysis. The maximum wall deflection and ground settlement because of the combined effects of the pumping and recharging of groundwater inside the site and the subsequent multistage excavations were 15% and 10%, respectively, less in the anisotropic analysis.Key words: inherent anisotropic stiffness, shear modulus, excavation, ground movement, volcanic soil, weathered material.
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Zou, C., J. Meng, Z. Li, M. Wei, J. Song, B. Chen e B. Wei. "First Report of Yam mild mosaic virus in Yam in Guangxi Province, China". Plant Disease 95, n.º 10 (outubro de 2011): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-11-0350.
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Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are widely grown in China as vegetables and herbal medicine. However, studies on viral diseases on yams are still limited. As a pilot project of a government initiative for improving yam productivity, a small study was conducted in Guangxi, a southern province of China, on viral disease in yams. Incidence of virus-like disease for the three extensively grown D. alata cultivars, GH2, GH5, and GH6, were 12 to 40%, 12 to 29%, and 11 to 25%, respectively, as found in a field survey with a five-plot sampling method in 2010. A total of 112 leaf samples showing mosaic or mottling or leaves without symptoms were collected from the cvs. GH2, GH5, GH6, and seven additional cultivars (D. alata cvs. GY2, GY23, GY47, GY69, GY62, GY72, and D. batatas cv. Tiegun). To determine if the symptoms were caused by Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae), total RNA was extracted from leaves with a commercial RNA purification kit (TIANGEN, Beijing, China), and reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR was conducted with a YMMV-specific primer pair (4) that amplifies the 3′-terminal portion of the viral genome. A PCR product with the predicted size of 262 bp was obtained from samples of GH5 (number testing positive of total number of leaves = 5 of 12), GH6 (24 of 42), and GY72 (1 of 1), but not from asymptomatic leaves. PCR products from a GH5 sample (YMMV-Nanning) and a GH6 sample (YMMV-Luzhai) were cloned and sequenced using an ABI PRISM 3770 DNA Sequencer. The two PCR products were 97% identical at nucleotide (nt) level and with the highest homology (89% identity) to a YMMV isolate (GenBank Accession No. AJ305466). To further characterize the isolates, degenerate primers (2) were used to amplify viral genome sequence corresponding to the C-terminal region of the nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb) and the N-terminal region of the coat protein (CP). These 781-nt fragments were sequenced and a new primer, YMMV For1 (5′-TTCATGTCGCACAAAGCAGTTAAG-3′) corresponding to the NIb region, was designed and used together with primer YMMV UTR 1R to amplify a fragment that covers the complete CP region of YMMV by RT-PCR. These 1,278-nt fragments were sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. JF357962 and JF357963). CP nucleotide sequences of the YMMV-Nanning and YMMV-Luzhai isolates were 94% similar, while amino acid sequences were 99% similar. BLAST searches revealed a nucleotide identity of 82 to 89% and a similarity of 88 to 97% for amino acids to sequences of YMMV isolates (AF548499 and AF548519 and AAQ12304 and BAA82070, respectively) in GenBank. YMMV is known to be prevalent on D. alata in Africa and the South Pacific, and has recently been identified in the Caribbean (1) and Colombia (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of YMMV in China and it may have implications for yam production and germplasm exchange within China. References: (1) M. Bousalem and S. Dallot. Plant Dis. 84:200, 2000. (2) D. Colinet et al. Phytopathology 84:65, 1994. (3) S. Dallot et al. Plant Dis. 85:803, 2001. (4) R. A. Mumford and S. E. Seal. J. Virol. Methods 69:73, 1997.
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Li, Xiaoqing, Iris Vogeler e Luitgard Schwendenmann. "Soil aggregation and soil fraction associated carbon under different vegetation types in a complex landscape". Soil Research 57, n.º 3 (2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18193.
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Land cover change has been shown to affect soil characteristics and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, little is known about the driving factors associated with soil carbon (C) stabilisation in complex landscapes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of both inherent soil characteristics and recent vegetation cover change on soil aggregation and soil fraction associated C in a complex landscape. The specific objectives were: (1) determine bulk soil properties and SOC saturation deficit; (2) quantify soil aggregation, soil size-density fractions, and soil fraction associated C; and (3) identify the factors that influence soil fractions and soil fraction associated C in two adjacent catchments differing in vegetation cover, Central Otago, New Zealand. Catchment GH1 (n = 17 plots) was dominated by tussock grassland and native shrubs. Catchment GH2 (n = 21 plots) was converted from tussock grassland into a pine forest in 1981. The catchments differed in soil texture (e.g. sand content GH1: 62.9%, GH2: 50.7%, P = 0.007), soil SOC stocks (GH1: 5.0 kg C m−2, GH2: 4.3 kg C m−2, P = 0.04), mean weight diameter (MWD) (GH1: 782.3 µm, GH2: 736.5 µm, P = 0.002), and proportion of the macroaggregate heavy fraction (macro_HF) (GH1: 72%, GH2: 55%, P = 0.01). No significant differences were found in SOC saturation deficit (GH1: 14.8 mg g−1, GH2: 13.1 mg g−1, P = 0.13). Dominant vegetation cover explained 21% of the variation in MWD in GH1, whereas silt+clay C content explained 31.6% of the MWD variation in GH2. The macro_HF fraction was negatively correlated with the proportion of silt+clay. Our findings illustrate that physical and chemical soil characteristics are important drivers in such a complex landscape and may have masked the effect of recent vegetation change on soil aggregation, and soil fraction associated C.
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Alazem, Mazen, Kuan-Chieh Tseng, Wen-Chi Chang, Jang-Kyun Seo e Kook-Hyung Kim. "Elements Involved in the Rsv3-Mediated Extreme Resistance against an Avirulent Strain of Soybean Mosaic Virus". Viruses 10, n.º 11 (24 de outubro de 2018): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10110581.
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Extreme resistance (ER) is a type of R-gene-mediated resistance that rapidly induces a symptomless resistance phenotype, which is different from the phenotypical R-resistance manifested by the programmed cell death, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and hypersensitive response. The Rsv3 gene in soybean cultivar L29 is responsible for ER against the avirulent strain G5H of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), but is ineffective against the virulent strain G7H. Rsv3-mediated ER is achieved through the rapid accumulation of callose, which arrests SMV-G5H at the point of infection. Callose accumulation, however, may not be the lone mechanism of this ER. Analyses of RNA-seq data obtained from infected soybean plants revealed a rapid induction of the abscisic acid pathway at 8 h post infection (hpi) in response to G5H but not to G7H, which resulted in the down-regulation of transcripts encoding β-1,3 glucanases that degrade callose in G5H-infected but not G7H-infected plants. In addition, parts of the autophagy and the small interfering (si) RNA pathways were temporally up-regulated at 24 hpi in response to G5H but not in response to G7H. The jasmonic acid (JA) pathway and many WRKY factors were clearly up-regulated only in G7H-infected plants. These results suggest that ER against SMV-G5H is achieved through the quick and temporary induction of ABA, autophagy, and the siRNA pathways, which rapidly eliminate G5H. The results also suggest that suppression of the JA pathway in the case of G5H is important for the Rsv3-mediated ER.
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Kim, Songrim, Sun Young Kyung, Ie Byung Park, So Jung Yune e Kwi Hwa Park. "Analysis of the perceptions, competencies, and educational needs for global health among Korean medical students". Korean Journal of Medical Education 36, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2024.280.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of global health education (GHE) among medical students and their involvement in global health activities and identify priorities of educational needs for developing GHE programs.Methods: This study was cross-sectional and conducted through an online survey for medical students. The participants were students attending medical schools nationwide, and the final analysis target was 678. The survey developed questionnaires necessary for research purposes regarding global health-related experiences and perceptions, level of awareness of global health competencies (GHC), and needs assessments. The data were analyzed using the frequency analysis, chi-square test, independent t-test, Borich Needs Assessment Model, and the Locus for Focus Model.Results: In total, 60.6% (411/678) agreed on the need for GHE, whereas 12.1% (82/678) agreed on the appropriateness of GHE in the current medical school curriculum, indicating a perception gap between the necessity and the status. At the current level of awareness of global health and GHC, we identified statistically significant differences according to gender, participation in global health activities, and GHE. In the analysis of the educational needs of GHC, all items of GHC had statistically significant differences between the importance level and the current level, and priorities were derived. The competency with the highest priority was domain A (Global Burden of Disease).Conclusion: We expect the findings of this study to be used in Korean medical education as fundamental data to prepare a hereafter research foundation for GHE and discuss systematic GHE based on GHC.
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Christenson, Marly, John A. Hitt, Gordon Abbott, Edward J. Septimus e Nancy Iversen. "Improving Patient Safety: Resource Availability and Application for Reducing the Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infection". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, n.º 3 (março de 2006): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500370.
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Objective.VHA Mountain States conducted a survey and analysis of infection control (IC) staffing resources, organizational structures, and clinical processes related to reducing the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in community healthcare facilities.Methods.Member participation was solicited for 2 study components. The first was a survey of demographic characteristics regarding the type and size of the facility and the structure and functions of IC departments. The second was an observational study of infection prevention practices related to general hand hygiene (GHH), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), and catheter-related urinary tract infection (CRUTI).Results.A total of 31 not-for-profit community healthcare facilities submitted data; the number of beds in participating centers ranged from less than 50 beds (1 facility) to more than 500 beds (7 facilities). IC department staffing ranged from 0.3 to 5.0 full-time equivalents. There was a positive correlation between average daily census and IC staffing (r = .879; P<.001). Observational studies revealed that compliance with the use of alcohol-based hand rubs (77%) was significantly better than compliance with the use of soap and water (64%; P<.001). Seven (30%) of 23 organizations observed 90% or better compliance with VAP process measures; 7 of 27 (26%) observed 90% or better compliance with guidelines for preventing CRBSI; and 14 (56%) demonstrated proper placement of urinary drainage bags at least 90% of the time.Conclusions.There was variation in IC department structure and processes among the participating organizations. Infection prevention practices were inconsistent. These findings emphasize the need for more-effective implementation of current evidence-based recommendations for preventing HAIs and reducing the risk of harm to patients.
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Dettori, Maria Luisa, Michele Pazzola, Emanuela Pira, Pietro Paschino e Giuseppe Massimo Vacca. "The sheep growth hormone gene polymorphism and its effects on milk traits". Journal of Dairy Research 82, n.º 2 (11 de fevereiro de 2015): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029915000047.
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Growth hormone (GH) is encoded by the GH gene, which may be single copy or duplicate in sheep. The two copies of the sheep GH gene (GH1/GH2-N and GH2-Z) were entirely sequenced in one 106 ewes of Sarda breed, in order to highlight sequence polymorphisms and investigate possible association between genetic variants and milk traits. Milk traits included milk yield, fat, protein, casein and lactose percentage. We evidenced 75 nucleotide changes. Transcription factor binding site prediction revealed two sequences potentially recognised by the pituitary-specific transcription factor POU1FI at the GH1/GH2-N gene, which were lost at the promoter of GH2-Z, which might explain the different tissues of expression of GH1/GH2-N (pituitary) and GH2-Z (placenta). Significant differences in milk traits were observed among genotypes at polymorphic loci only for the GH2-Z gene. Sheep with homozygote genotype ss748770547 CC had higher fat percentage (P < 0·01) than TT. SNP ss748770547 was part of a potential transcription factor binding site for C/EBP alpha (CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein), which is involved in the regulation of adipogenesis and adipoblast differentiation. SNP ss748770547, located in the GH2-Z gene 5′ flanking region, may be a causal mutation affecting milk fat content. These findings might contribute to the knowledge of the sheep GH locus and might be useful in selection processes in sheep.
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Pawlowski, Thomas. "LVR-Industriemuseum (Hg.): Zu Land, zu Wasser und in der Luft. Mobilität bei der GHH, Begleitheft zur Sonderausstellung LVR-Industriemuseum St. Antony-Hütte 24. 6. 2022 – 4. 6. 2023." Das Historisch-Politische Buch (HPB) 69, n.º 1-2 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/hpb.69.1-2.221a.
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SP, Sihono,, W. M. Indriatama, M. Y. Maryono e S. Human. "Uji Daya Hasil Beberapa Galur Mutan Harapan Sorgum Manis (Sweet Sorghum) di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta". Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi 18, n.º 1 (26 de dezembro de 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jair.2022.18.1.6554.
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Sorgum manis memiliki potensi besar untuk dibudidayakan dan dikembangkan di Indonesia karena secara umum bijinya dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pangan alternatif dan cairan (jus) batang dapat dikonversi sebagai bahan baku bioethanol. Pemuliaan tanaman sorgum manis dilakukan dengan teknik mutasi induksi menggunakan radiasi sinar gamma di Pusat Riset dan Teknologi Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi (PRTAIR), Organesasi Riset Teknologi Nuklir (ORTN). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan mutan yang memiliki karakteristik pertumbuhan dan hasil yang lebih baik dari tanaman induknya. Sebanyak 9 galur mutan harapan sorgum manis telah dihasilkan memiliki sifat produksi biji dan biomasa tinggi serta batang lebih manis. Galur-galur mutan harapan tersebut pada musim kemarau 2020 diuji daya hasilnya di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Galur mutan GH9 menghasilkan biji tertinggi (8.37 t/ha), GH5 memiliki produksi biomassa tertinggi (75.47 t/ha) dan GH1 memiliki kadar nira tertinggi (14.22 % brix).
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Fan, Ming Z., Laurence Cheng, Min Wang, Jiali Chen, Wenyi Fan e Weijun Wang. "167 Monomodular and Multi-Functional Processive Endocellulases for Improving Fibre Utilization and Reducing Environmental Footprint in Pigs". Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (21 de setembro de 2022): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.152.
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Abstract Global emission of the major greenhouse gases (GHG) from food animal production accounts for 15% of the total human-induced GHG with pork production being a significant contributor. Poor efficiency of dietary fibre utilization not only limits global pork production profit margins but also adversely affects dietary crude protein and amino acid utilization; and these collectively lead to excessive manure fibre and nitrogenous compounds, resulting in anaerobic biogenesis and emission of the major GHG from swine manure slurry storage. Two unique glycosyl hydrolase family-5 (GH5) processive endoglucanases, referred to as GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-, have been reported. The GH5-tCel5A1 was originally identified via targeted genome sequencing of the extremely thermophilic Thermotoga maritima while the GH5-p4818Cel5_2A was screened from the porcine hindgut microbial metagenomic expression library. Both GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818_2A have been characterized to be monomodular, act as processive β-1,4-endoglucanases and have multi-functionality towards hydrolyzing dietary natural crystalline cellulose and pre-treated cellulosic substrates as well as several hemicelluloses including β-glucans, xylan, xylogulcans, mannans, galactomannans and glucomannans. We have recently overexpressed both GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A in the ClearColiBL21(DE3) cell and investigated the susceptibility of both these cellulases to auto-oxidation by air-borne O2. Furthermore, we have also examined these endoglucanases’ stability under the mimicked in vitro porcine gastric and the small intestinal pH and proteases’ conditions. Further pig nutrition and growth performance studies are being conducted to investigate the in vivo efficacy of these two processive endoglucanases as newly emerging potential exogenous fibre enzymes.
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Wyse, B., M. Waters e C. Sernia. "Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system by growth hormone in Lewis dwarf rats". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 265, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1993): E332—E339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.2.e332.
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A genetically growth hormone (GH)-deficient strain of Lewis rats was used to test the hypothesis that the actions of GH on electrolyte and fluid homeostasis are mediated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Dwarf rats injected with recombinant bGH (2 mg.kg-1 x day-1) for 7 days (group GH1+) and 28 days (group GH4+), respectively, were compared with saline-injected dwarf (group GH-) and normal (group N) Lewis rats. GH decreased Na+ excretion and increased renal glomerular filtration rate in dwarf rats. The dietary intake and plasma concentrations of Na+ and K+ remained unchanged. GH increased plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations in dwarf rats (GH - = 109 +/- 9, GH1+ = 184 +/- 5, GH4+ = 189 +/- 28, N = 477 +/- 29 ng/ml plasma). Plasma angiotensinogen increased towards the levels found in normal Lewis rats (GH- = 859 +/- 38, GH1+ = 906 +/- 18, GH4+ = 1,027 +/- 19, N = 1497 +/- 80 ng angiotensin I/ml plasma); plasma renin activity increased above that of the normal Lewis (GH- = 10.2 +/- 0.6, GH1+ = 11.7 +/- 0.7, GH4+ = 16.7 +/- 2.4, N = 10.6 +/- 0.8 ng angiotensin I.ml plasma-1 x h-1). Plasma aldosterone, corticosterone, and triodothyronine concentrations were unchanged by GH treatment. Angiotensin II receptor densities in GH- rats (liver = 356 +/- 23, kidney = 228 +/- 28, adrenal = 478 +/- 58 fmol/mg protein) were upregulated by GH (GH4+ rats; liver = 573 +/- 27, kidney = 360 +/- 86, adrenal = 721 +/- 78 fmol/mg protein).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Kyu, May Thin, Shunsuke Nishio, Koki Noda, Bay Dar, San San Aye e Tsukasa Matsuda. "Predominant secretion of cellobiohydrolases and endo-β-1,4-glucanases in nutrient-limited medium by Aspergillus spp. isolated from subtropical field". Journal of Biochemistry 168, n.º 3 (29 de julho de 2020): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvaa049.
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Abstract Biological degradation of cellulose from dead plants in nature and plant biomass from agricultural and food-industry waste is important for sustainable carbon recirculation. This study aimed at searching diverse cellulose-degrading systems of wild filamentous fungi and obtaining fungal lines useful for cellooligosaccharide production from agro-industrial wastes. Fungal lines with cellulolytic activity were screened and isolated from stacked rice straw and soil in subtropical fields. Among 13 isolated lines, in liquid culture with a nutrition-limited cellulose-containing medium, four lines of Aspergillus spp. secreted 50–60 kDa proteins as markedly dominant components and gave clear activity bands of possible endo-β-1,4-glucanase in zymography. Mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis of the dominant components identified three endo-β-1,4-glucanases (GH5, GH7 and GH12) and two cellobiohydrolases (GH6 and GH7). Cellulose degradation by the secreted proteins was analysed by LC-MS-based measurement of derivatized reducing sugars. The enzymes from the four Aspergillus spp. produced cellobiose from crystalline cellulose and cellotriose at a low level compared with cellobiose. Moreover, though smaller than that from crystalline cellulose, the enzymes of two representative lines degraded powdered rice straw and produced cellobiose. These fungal lines and enzymes would be effective for production of cellooligosaccharides as cellulose degradation-intermediates with added value other than glucose.