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Hartmann, Sabine, Dirk Gossmann, Suzan Kalmuk e Katharina Klemt-Albert. "Optimizing Interfaces of Construction Processes by Digitalization Using the Example of Hospital Construction in Germany". Buildings 13, n.º 6 (30 de maio de 2023): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061421.
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In hospital construction, additional challenges must be considered, such as an increased number of stakeholders and building trades, such as medical and laboratory technology. Due to the increasing requirements and challenges, associated construction processes are becoming more intricate. Especially for complex building types, the effects of this development are clearly noticeable and cause considerable disruptions to the construction process. A main difficulty constitutes the missing definition of the interfaces of building trades and participants. In the present study, interfaces in hospital construction were identified and analyzed by guided interviews with experts from the health sector. The qualitative content analysis, according to Mayring, was used for the evaluation to derive appropriate solution approaches. This paper presents the interfaces using the example of hospital construction in Germany and general approaches of optimization. Hereby, the digital method Building Information Modeling (BIM) plays a decisive role in the optimization of interfaces, especially in complex buildings. Furthermore, a task and building trade control matrix is required to better coordinate the interfaces. The identified approach intends to alleviate potential disputes and misunderstandings among stakeholders, as well as to improve time and financial predictability, which are particularly valuable during inflationary periods.
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Prais, S. J., e Hilary Steedman. "Vocational Training in France and Britain: the Building Trades". National Institute Economic Review 116 (maio de 1986): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795018611600106.
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The emphasis placed in Germany on vocational training and education was explored in previous studies by the Institute. These drew attention to: the greater numbers with vocational qualifications there than in Britain; the generally broader scope of German training, leading to greater adaptability in the face of technological progress; more extensive preparation at school for subsequent training; and the consequences for productivity (see National Institute Economic Review, August 1983 and February and May 1985). This article presents the first of a series of similar comparisons for France and Britain, with particular attention to French full-time vocational secondary schools for 14-17 year olds.
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Donald, David C. "Applying Germany's Market Manipulation Rules to Disruptive Trades on the Eurex and MTS Platforms". German Law Journal 6, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2005): 649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013845.
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Until recently, cheap fiction and corporate finance most famously met in the creative accounting of companies like WorldCom and Enron. Now, however, both the spoof James Bond, Austin Powers, and the securities regulators of Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy and France face common, twin malevolence:Doctor Evil and Mini Me.These reportedly were the names of a trading strategy devised at the London based European government bond desk of Citigroup Inc. to correct – as reported in theThe Wall Street Journal Europe– what a senior bank executive had referred to as their not “making enough money for the firm.” According to theJournal, “Citigroup wanted to use the futures market to push up prices for bonds traded on the cash market, which tend to follow futures prices. Then they would dump a large amount of bonds in the cash market, reaping profits from their holdings and forcing down prices, to the detriment of other market participants.” At 10:00 am on August 2, 2004, six Citigroup traders launched “Mini Mi” by building up positions in the Eurex futures market, then at 11:29 am they unleashed the “Dr. Evil” trading program, which placed sell orders for various European government bonds, with a total aggregate value of € 83 billion, of which only € 12.4 found buyers; once “the price of the bonds had fallen because of the flood of sell orders, Citigroup bought back € 3.8 billion in bonds … and is estimated to have made around € 15 million in profit.” The spot sales were primarily conducted on the MTS fixed-income trading platform, and constituted 42% of the platform's total value for the day; the traders had cash positions of only about € 8 billion in the securities for which they placed sell orders of up to € 83 billion, which could have left them with a much larger short position than the € 4.4 billion they eventually had.
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Bauer, Alessia. "Cultural colonialism as a result of commercial activities: the linguistic perspective". AmS-Skrifter, n.º 27 (6 de janeiro de 2020): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/ams-skrifter.v0i27.271.
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The Hanse played not only a prominent economical role in the North Atlantic but the Germans also consistently influenced the culture of the people with whom they interacted and traded. Their presence led to a sort of cultural colonialism in Northern Europe, which, among others things, substantially shaped the Scandinavian languages. For several reasons, the Icelandic language was not influenced in the same way as the other Scandinavian languages; yet, one can find some traces of German in administrative language dating back to the Middle Ages. Furthermore, ‘cultural colonization’ by the Germans also certainly took place through the Reformation in Iceland. It was the German merchants who took the first seeds of the new faith with them to Iceland and marked their ‘conquest’ by building a Lutheran church. In this way, the merchants – like colonialists – claimed a space on foreign ground for themselves, where language played a very central role.
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Filitov, Alexey. "The Problem of Punishment for Nazi Criminals in the Post-War Germany: History and Historiography". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 5 (2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640028067-1.
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Building on Ralph Giordano's narrative of the Germans' “second guilt”, the author presents and analyses four patterns of treatment of Nazi criminals in post-war Germany and their reflection in historiography. With regard to the Soviet practice of their legal prosecution, the author critically examines the theses about its “propaganda orientation” and “excessive rigidity” of the sentences handed down, while the actions of the Western occupation authorities are characterised by an arbitrary and politically motivated approach. Much of the article is devoted to a comparative analysis of how the problem of punishment for Nazi crimes was, or was not, addressed in the two German states and in unified Germany. The consistent efforts of the GDR authorities to identify and prosecute Nazi criminals have been duly highlighted and recognised. The author traces the winding path of “mastering the [Nazi] past” in West Germany: from the first wave of (largely ineffective) trials in the 1940s to the complete stagnation in the mid-50s and the relative growth of war crimes and crimes against humanity cases opened in subsequent years. The shortcomings of this judicial practice and the acquittal patterns reflected in German historiography are discussed and evaluated drawing on a broad source base.
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Hall, Nigel. "Morris Ranger: The Rise and Fall of the Liverpool Cotton Market’s Greatest Speculator, 1835 to 1887". Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire: Volume 170, Issue 1 170, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/transactions.170.8.
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In the period 1878 to 1883 there was heavy speculation in the Liverpool raw cotton market associated with a trader named Morris Ranger. Little has previously been written about Ranger and his background. Ranger was born in Germany and emigrated to the United States in 1855. He initially traded in tobacco but branched out into cotton during the American Civil War. He settled in Liverpool in 1870. His cotton speculations were enormous, but he fell bankrupt in 1883. The speculations associated with Ranger involved other Liverpool traders and drew heavy criticism from the spinning industry. The speculations played a part in a reorganisation of the Liverpool market and attempts to circumvent it, including the building of the Manchester Ship Canal.
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Roos, Julia. "An Afro-German Microhistory: Gender, Religion, and the Challenges of Diasporic Dwelling". Central European History 49, n.º 2 (junho de 2016): 240–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000340.
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AbstractThis article traces the biography of an Afro-German woman born during the 1920s Rhineland occupation to examine the peculiarities of the black German diaspora, as well as potential connections between these peculiarities and larger trends in the history of German colonialism and racism. “Erika Diekmann” was born in Worms in 1920. Her mother was a German citizen, her father a Senegalese French soldier. Separated from her birth mother at a young age, Erika spent her youth and early adulthood in a school for Christian Arab girls in Jerusalem run by the Protestant order of the Kaiserswerth Deaconesses (KaiserswertherDiakonissen). After World War II, Erika returned to West Germany, but in 1957, she emigrated to the United States, along with her (white) German husband and four children. Erika's story offers unique opportunities for studying Afro-German women's active strategies of making Germany their “home.” It underlines the complicated role of conventional female gender prescriptions in processes of interracial family-building. The centrality of religion to Erika's social relationships significantly enhances our understanding of the complexity of German attitudes toward national belonging and race during the first half of the twentieth century.
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Klikauer, Thomas, Norman Simms, Marcus Colla, Nicolas Wittstock, Matthew Specter, Kate R. Stanton, John Bendix e Bernd Schaefer. "Book Reviews". German Politics and Society 40, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2022): 104–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2022.400106.
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Heinrich Detering, Was heißt hier “wir”? Zur Rhetorik der parlamentarischen Rechten (Dietzingen: Reclam Press, 2019).Clare Copley, Nazi Buildings: Cold War Traces and Governmentality in Post-Unification Berlin (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020).Tobias Schulze-Cleven and Sidney A. Rothstein, eds., Imbalance: Germany’s Political Economy after the Social Democratic Century (Abingdon: Routledge, 2021).Benedikt Schoenborn, Reconciliation Road: Willy Brandt, Ostpolitik and the Quest for European Peace (New York: Berghahn Books, 2020).Tiffany N. Florvil, Mobilizing Black Germany: Afro-German Women and the Making of a Transnational Movement (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2020).Ingo Cornils, Beyond Tomorrow: German Science Fiction and Utopian Thought in the 20th and 21st Centuries (Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2020).Christian F. Ostermann, Between Containment and Rollback: The United States and the Cold War in Germany (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2021).
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Zhurilo, Dmitry Yurievich, e Аndrew Alekseevych Larin. "ACTIVITIES OF KHARKIV POLYTECHNICAL INSTITUTE DURING THE GERMAN OCCUPATION". Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Actual problems of Ukrainian society development, n.º 1 (25 de maio de 2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2227-6890.2021.1.02.
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The article examines the activities of employees of the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute who remained in Kharkiv during the nazi occupation during the Great Patriotic War. These employees were unable to leave the city on time due to the poor organization of the evacuation of the institute. Difficult circumstances forced many of them to cooperate with the occupiers. However, this cooperation did not give much to the invaders, but it helped most of the scientists of the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute to survive and preserve the buildings of the institute, library collections and laboratory equipment. The names of outstanding scientists and teachers who were in the occupation are given. The horrors of the new government are shown: hunger, cold, the death of civilians. Most of the teachers and staff of the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute were forced to exchange their own things, jewelry, and building materials for food. The facts of violation of international law by German troops are given. It is shown that the German authorities promoted small-scale handicrafts, retail trade, and the provision of household services. However, the main goal of the German troops was to provide the German army with food, equipment, transport, housing, as well as sending young people and the able-bodied population to forced labor in Germany. The German press was engaged in disinformation, spreading false assurances about the happy life of Eastern workers in Germany, about introducing them to European culture, about their rest and leisure. It is described that thanks to the activities of an outstanding chemist, Professor Pavel Didusenko, it was possible to establish the production of matches and soap. Thanks to the implementation of these essential necessities, scarce in wartime, it was possible to save the lives of a large number of employees of the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute.
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Çelik, Ercüment, e Simon Norbert Schmid. "Global Justice Advocacy, Trade Unions, and the Supply Chain Law Initiative in Germany". New Global Studies 16, n.º 1 (11 de março de 2022): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2022-0005.
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Abstract This article focuses on the Supply Chain Law Initiative in Germany (SCLI)/Initiative Lieferkettengesetz as a case of global justice advocacy. The SCLI was a campaign by German civil society organizations that advocated for a law that would make it mandatory for corporations active in Germany to respect human, labor, and environmental rights along their supply chains. This research explores the strategies for advocacy used by the SCLI in the process of effective law-making. It also investigates the role of the SCLI in the context of global labor solidarity. The research results show that although this new law has some shortcomings in terms of international human rights standards, it has achieved partial progress as one of the most successful examples of alliance building between unions and civil society organizations in Germany. The SCLI has brought about a paradigm shift from voluntary towards mandatory due diligence. This experience can be carried one step further to accomplish a supply chain law at the European Union level. The authors argue that the SCLI experience opens up a new stage for rethinking the structural dilemma of unions in Germany in choosing between global solidarity and national corporatist social partnership.
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Vidyaratne, R. T., e E. A. G. Sumanasiri. "Foreign Missions’ Role in Promoting International Trade: Empirical Evidence of Sri Lankan Foreign Missions Promoting Electronic Exports in Germany". International Business Research 13, n.º 7 (23 de junho de 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n7p173.
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Foreign missions have been the pillars of trade promotion and in particular, of export and export-oriented investment. In Sri Lanka, the potentiality in export promotion to Germany is immense. However, it is discernible that there is no coordinated effort in promoting trade in Sri Lanka by foreign missions. Therefore, this research examines the role of foreign missions in promoting international trade between Sri Lanka and Germany especially focusing on Electrical and Electronic Sector. The case study is based on the empirical evidence of Sri Lankan foreign missions promoting electrical and electronic exports in Germany. Potential growth-enhancing factors will benefit from increased global economic integration through trade promotion activities undertaken by the host country and the foreign mission. A qualitative methodology was used to understand the stakeholder perspective of the role of foreign missions. Analysis of data collected through semi-structured interviews (13) derived the results that trade fairs and Business to Business meetings as the most effective trade promotion activities. Findings of the study confirms six (6) vital roles of a foreign mission which are internalizing industries, promoting, business intelligence, stakeholder communication, building strategic relationships and inter-governmental engagement respectively. The paper points out managerial and policy implications such as pro-activeness of the head of foreign missions and strategic and trustworthy relationships between the countries. The study concludes that the activities carried out by the Sri Lankan Foreign Mission in Germany does not satisfy the exporters’ expectations and requirements. Further this study recommendations are provided to both German and Sri Lankan Governments and foreign missions.
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Hangebruch, Nina, e Frank Othengrafen. "Resilient Inner Cities: Conditions and Examples for the Transformation of Former Department Stores in Germany". Sustainability 14, n.º 14 (7 de julho de 2022): 8303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148303.
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Digitalisation is leading to fundamental changes in the German retail sector and the city centres as places of trade. Traditional forms of business such as department stores have significantly reduced their branch networks. Their conversion poses major questions not only for the property owners but also for the municipalities concerned. As key properties, the buildings are of particular relevance for the reorientation of the inner-city use structure. In view of the reduced importance of retail in inner cities, it is discussed how the transformation of these properties can increase the resilience of city centres. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature analysis on urban and retail resilience and derived ten dimensions for resilient city centres. We applied the ten dimensions and related criteria in the analysis of five selected case studies in Germany and assessed that new, innovative and flexible re-uses could be realised in the former department stores, increasing the multifunctionality and robustness of the city centres. The conversion of the buildings is not only sustainable from the perspective of climate and resource efficiency, but also contributes to the preservation of the local building culture and the identification of the citizens with the inner city.
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Banken, Ralf. "‘It Is Said That at Least 300,000 rt of Capital are Required for a Raft Trade’". TSEG - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 21, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2024): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52024/tseg.18608.
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Although the Dutch timber trade from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century has been the subject of many historical studies, the development of the capital-intensive timber wholesale trade has remained rather underexposed by economic historians with regard to the actors involved. This is surprising since a capital of up to 600,000 Reichstaler had to be raised for the Dutch timber trade; amounts that were hardly invested in any other commercial enterprise in Germany at the time. The article therefore focuses on the timber wholesalers of the eighteenth century and analyzes in detail, based on our own archival research and previous research results, how the timber wholesalers organized their business (business strategies, business practices, etc.) and what significance their income had for the economic development of the participating economic regions of West and South-West Germany in the long term. It appears that around 1750 the German timber wholesaler and the timber companies from the Black Forest had long since driven out their Dutch competitors and acquired large fortunes. With the Dutch timber trade, capitalist practices (creation and management of companies, accounting, new methods of credit financing, etc.) also spread, which also formed an important building block for the further development of the South-West and West German economy. However, the most important thing was undoubtedly the emergence of a risk-loving entrepreneurial class with a sufficient capital base and business knowledge, which had long since broken away from 'artisan' self-reliance. Because the timber wholesalers often also invested their capital acquired in the Dutch timber trade in other industries, and these often formed a crystallization point for the West and South-West German industrialization after 1815, it can be said that the timber trade with the Netherlands not only generated an enormous volume in the eighteenth century and supported West German economic growth from 1740 onwards, but in the long term also contributed to the economic and social structural changes of the nineteenth century.
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Uelzmann, Jan. "Building Domestic Support for West Germany's Integration into NATO, 1953–1955". Journal of Cold War Studies 22, n.º 2 (maio de 2020): 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00941.
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Konrad Adenauer's government in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) engaged in a large-scale media campaign to create political consent for the FRG's integration into the West, a policy that rested to a large extent on rearmament and entry into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. To counter public criticism of rearmament, the West German authorities used Mobilwerbung, a company that maintained a fleet of mobile film screening vans. Clandestinely financed by the government, Mobilwerbung brought government-commissioned films and political speakers into the FRG's remotest areas. Based on archival records on deployments in Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, this article traces Mobilwerbung's role as a government unit that reacted dynamically to competing events. Through highly detailed reporting on audience reactions, Mobilwerbung served both as a public relations vehicle to foster consent and as an analytical tool that allowed the mapping of public sentiment regarding rearmament.
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Aygün, Tanju, e Gerald Oeser. "Challenges and opportunities of Turkish food retail in Germany from a value chain perspective". International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 45, n.º 3 (13 de março de 2017): 308–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-03-2016-0039.
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Purpose Turkish food retail in Germany fulfils social, cultural, and economic functions, but is threatened by shifts in demand and competition. The purpose of this paper is to give a holistic, interdisciplinary, and action-oriented view of the challenges and opportunities of Turkish food retail in Germany. Design/methodology/approach Based on a qualitative study using expert interviews with 18 businesspersons from different parts of the Turkish food supply chain in Germany and a qualitative survey of 349 working Bachelor students of trade, industrial, and logistics management as well as business informatics, this paper takes a value chain approach. Findings The main opportunities of Turkish food retail in Germany lie in increasing its efficiency, using purchasing associations and brand building, targeting well-funded German consumers, offering fluent Turkish-German customer service and shopping experiences, providing appealing shop locations, designs, and layouts, product range adjustments, and promotions. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on a small scale qualitative study as access to Turkish food retail experts is limited. The sample was carefully selected to be a fair representation of the Turkish food supply chain. As for the consumers, only students have been surveyed so far, because they were targeted by the experts interviewed. In order to allow wider generalizations, this sample could be extended. Originality/value This study complements and enhances the very limited research on Turkish food retail in Germany. For the first time, the call for a holistic, interdisciplinary, and action-oriented examination of the challenges and opportunities of Turkish food retail in Germany is answered from a value chain perspective.
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Makała, Rafał. "Nawiązania do tradycji nowożytnej w ceglanej architekturze wczesnomodernistycznej północnych Niemiec". Porta Aurea, n.º 17 (27 de novembro de 2018): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/porta.2018.17.04.
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One of the manifestations of the so called ‘conservative modernism’ was the reference to the brick building tradition in Northern Germany. The trend was primarily associated with the activities of Fritz Schumacher and Fritz Höger in Hamburg and Bremen in the 1920s and 1930s, but the genesis of this architecture dates back to the first decade of the 20th century and is associated with the attempts to shape North German patriotism. Just as in the art of neo-Gothic, brick architecture of ‘conservative modernism’ was meant to express the ‘North German Identity’, and in fact help in the creation of identities of the Bismarck Germany. Like the late neo-Gothic architecture, this architecture was perceived as a kind of ‘Hanseatic style’, reflecting the specificity (perceived in a mythologized way) of the Hanseatic League as a prefiguration of the New Germany and their power in maritime trade. Early-modern architecture continued to refer to the art of the past. However, the way of referring to the past changed: with only few quotes from the old art, with a considerable simplification of historical styles’ and so did the historical point of reference. In addition, the modernists became more interested in the brick building of the 17th and 18th centuries, the times of the Baroque and early Neoclassicism. Tis is evident in the works of the most important architects of North German modernism, including Fritz Höger, Fritz Schumacher, or Bruno Möhring but also works of lesser-known, though certainly interesting artists like Johann Garlef, Erich Blunck or Eugen Prinz. The interest of the North German architects of early modernism in brick construction is an element of a wider process that had been thriving in Northern Germany since the early 1900s. Interestingly enough, this process was equally intense in great artistic centres (Hamburg and Bremen) as well as in less-significant cities which were looking for their identity or tried to recreate it, as was the case in Kiel, Lubec or Szczecin. Tis paper is an attempt to show the evolution of this architecture and its most important features. The examples have been selected to show the most important characteristics of this architecture and its geographical range.
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Ascione, F., N. Bianco, O. Boettcher, T. Iovane, M. Mastellone, G. M. Mauro e J. Muehle. "The Cost-Optimal Optimization of public buildings in cold and warm climates: two case-studies in Germany and Italy". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, n.º 1 (1 de setembro de 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012044.
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Abstract Directive EU 844/2018, in the matter of energy performance of buildings and future goals of energy efficiency for the EU Member Countries, extends the standard of nearly zero-energy building goals to the existing building stock, with the mandatory aim of almost complete decarbonization of the whole sector within 2050, and thus a strong reduction of greenhouse gas pollution of about 80-95% compared to the levels of ’90s. In this frame, the present study purposes the multi-objective optimizations of two office buildings, located in Berlin (Germany, European backcountry, “Cfb” climate in the classification of Köppen and Geiger) and Naples (Italy, Mediterranean coast, “Csa” climate classification), with the aim of finding the best trade-off between two couples of contrasting targets, representative of private and public interests, respectively: minimization of indoor thermal discomfort and operational costs, and minimization of indoor thermal discomfort and environmental impact. In addition, an investment cost analysis is performed by optimizing operational costs and total construction costs. The explored and investigated energy conservation measures, to apply during the building retrofit, involve the main levers of energy efficiency, and thus the building envelope, and the active energy systems. The results underline that the cost-optimal energy measures to apply during the building refurbishments deeply differ based on the building usage, the intensity of required indoor comfort, and depending on the climatic peculiarities and building construction technologies.
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Datskiv, І., e М. Polych. "Brest-Lithuania peace of 1918 and Ukrainian-German relations". Вісник Київського національного лінгвістичного університету. Серія Історія, економіка, філософія, n.º 27 (29 de maio de 2023): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2412-9321.27.2022.276199.
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This article analyzes the international relations of Ukraine during the national liberation struggle of 1917-1918. The prerequisites for the intensification of Ukrainian-German contacts at the end of the First World War are studied. The peculiarities of contacts between Germany and Ukrainian governments are analyzed, the significant influence of German policy in the context of the formation and development of Ukrainian state-building processes is indicated. The participation of the Ukrainian delegation at the Brest-Litovsk negotiations and the conclusion of a peace treaty with the Central Powers are characterized. The methodology is based on the principle of historicism and scientificity. The method of comparative analysis, retrospective, historical-typological, was used. Scientific novely. The article examines the economic and political components in the system of Ukrainian-German bilateral relations, which significantly influenced the structure of the foreign policy course of the official UNR and Germany, and also became the basis for the conclusion of international agreements. The active work of Ukrainian diplomacy and trade and economic missions abroad was studied, which was aimed at ensuring the development of the Ukrainian economy and the needs of the war for independencе. Conclusions. It has been proven that the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, which certified the international recognition of the state of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, can be called a significant result of the formation of interstate Ukrainian-German relations. It is shown that Ukrainian-German relations influenced further interstate military-political and diplomatic relations. The most important achievement of Ukraine at that time was the preservation of state independence, which made it possible to continue national liberation struggles in the future. In general, conducting such a study is appropriate not only in the context of the history of Germany and Ukraine, but also in the context of world history, since the evolution of Ukrainian-German relations during this period largely depended on the development of events in the international arena.
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Kuźnar, Andżelika. "Poland’s Trade in Services with Germany – EU Membership Experience". Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 16, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2016): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2016.16.4.95.
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Services play an increasingly important role in economies and international trade and are a vital element of building competitive advantage of nations. The aim of the paper is to determine the competitive position of Poland in trade in services with Germany and its changes. The RCA index is used to determine the international competitiveness of services. A special attention is devoted to high-tech knowledge-intensive services due to their potential impact on building competitiveness of all sectors of economy. Germany is a reference country as it is the most important trade partner of Poland. The time scope covers generally years 2004-2014. The analysis revealed that services development is lagged in Poland in comparison with Germany, but there is an ongoing convergence of structures of both economies. The share of high-tech services increased in Poland’s services exports, but Poland does not reveal comparative advantage in any of high-tech knowledge-intensive services.
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Blažková, Blanka, e Eva Kahounová. "TVORBA VÝUKOVÝCH MATERIÁLŮ PRO STAVEBNÍ OBORY A TRUHLÁŘE NA PŘÍKLADU ODBORNÉHO CIZÍHO JAZYKA – NĚMČINY". ACC Journal 28, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2022): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/004/2022-3-008.
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The paper deals with the creation of a digital educational resource (DER) for teaching the German language for specific purposes (GSP) for building trades and carpenters, which was created within the project “Professional foreign language for building trades and carpenters with the implementation of digital education. Builders, let’s go!” It is a comprehensive study material created by teachers from the German Language Department at the Institute of Language Training at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen. It informs about the topics of the individual lessons, their structure, and about the types of exercises that have been created for the Internet e-learning portal Moodle. It also mentions teaching videos from the professional environment that had been filmed within the project.
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Mahlich, Lukas, Christopher Jung e Rüdiger Schaldach. "The Biodiversity Footprint of German Soy-Imports in Brazil". Sustainability 14, n.º 23 (6 de dezembro de 2022): 16272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316272.
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By importing agricultural commodities, Germany causes ecological impacts in other countries. One of these impacts is the loss of biodiversity in the producing regions. This paper presents a new method that combines agricultural trade data with land cover and biodiversity data to assess these effects within an agricultural supply chain, in a spatially explicit manner. It considers the current state of biodiversity expressed by the biodiversity intactness index (BII) of the producing region as well as changes over time. As an example, the impacts of German soy imports from Brazil were assessed for the time steps 2004, 2011 and 2018. In the first step, the soybean cultivation area used for exports to Germany was assigned to the respective municipalities by using the TRASE database. In the second step, a GIS-based analysis was conducted to determine the resulting impacts on biodiversity. In 2018, 70% of German soy imports from Brazil originated from municipalities with ecosystems that are not intact anymore (50%) or even severely disturbed (20%). Total German soy imports from Brazil in 2018 reduced the BII by 0.03 percent points compared to 1997. The main advantage of the presented method is that the biodiversity impact is quantifiable for both a commodity and the consuming country.
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Förderer, Kevin, Manuel Lösch, Ralf Növer, Marilen Ronczka e Hartmut Schmeck. "Smart Meter Gateways: Options for a BSI-Compliant Integration of Energy Management Systems". Applied Sciences 9, n.º 8 (19 de abril de 2019): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081634.
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The introduction of Smart Meter Gateways (SMGWs) to buildings and households creates new opportunities and challenges for energy management systems. While SMGWs provide interfaces for accessing recorded information and enable communication to external parties, they also restrict data access to protect the privacy of inhabitants and facility owners. This paper presents an analysis of options for integrating automated (Building) Energy Management Systems (EMSs) into the smart meter architecture based on the technical guidelines for SMGWs by the German Federal Office for Information Security (“Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik”, BSI). It shows that there are multiple ways for integrating automated EMSs into the German smart metering architecture, although each option comes with its own advantages and restrictions. By providing a detailed discussion of trade-offs, this paper supports EMS designers that will be confronted with differing freedoms and limitations depending on the integration option.
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Feinstein, Joshua. "Constructing the Mythic Present in the East German Cinema: Frank Beyer's Spur der Steine and the 11th Plenum of 1965". Central European History 32, n.º 2 (junho de 1999): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900020902.
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Spurder Steine (Trail of Stones) is probably the best-known of the approximately two dozen East German films that were banned by state officials. Combining epic proportions with subversive humor, the picture still retains the ability to fascinate and amuse audiences well over three decades after its completion in 1966. In one scene, its most arresting protagonist, the foreman Balla, leads his small band of carpenters across the Iunar landscape of the chemical plant under construction, where the film is set. As martial music blares in the background, the “Ballas,” conspicuously dressed in the black corduroy suits traditionally associated with their trade in Germany, march against a sea of humanity streaming toward a political rally. They rudely shove people out of their way, grope women, and chug beer. Over a loudspeaker, the Communist functionary leading the rally proclaims, “We are already building the road leading into a bright future.” In response, Balla remarks to his cronies, “They comfort you with the future like the priests with the hereafter, but by the time you get there, you're already dead.”
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Reitberger, R., K. Theilig, M. Vollmer, I. Takser e W. Lang. "Connecting building density and vegetation to investigate synergies and trade-offs between thermal comfort and energy demand – a parametric study in the temperate climate of Germany". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1196, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1196/1/012034.
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Abstract Climate change and increasing urbanization call for combined mitigation and adaptation measures. Therefore, this work shows a method to investigate affected aspects of urban space for their synergies and trade-offs. The focus lies on the interaction between building density and urban trees, as these are essential parameters for possible solutions. The combined, parametric simulation of indoor and outdoor spaces provides a more complete picture of the behavior of individual assessment aspects (e.g. indoor and outdoor thermal comfort, building energy demand). Overlaying the results allows us to identify interactions and to conclude on the effect of interventions such as building refurbishment. In this study, we apply the workflow to a generic neighborhood in Germany. Our results demonstrate a simultaneous behavior of indoor and outdoor thermal comfort, whereas there is a trade-off for heating energy demand. Increasing energy efficiency mitigated this trade-off in some density-green-space configurations. Our case study suggests the combination of green and gray interventions for achieving synergies that contribute to the sustainable transformation of the urban building stock. We conclude that during early planning phases, synergy potentials and trade-offs are already identifiable but context-specific, giving perspectives for further research in this area.
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Xiao, Jianxiong, Chao Xiong, Wei Deng e Guihai Yu. "Evolution Features and Robustness of Global Photovoltaic Trade Network". Sustainability 14, n.º 21 (31 de outubro de 2022): 14220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114220.
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Photovoltaic industry trade has become a global trade activity, and a wide range of photovoltaic trade relations have been formed between countries. In order to further strengthen and balance trade relations, this paper analyzes global photovoltaic (PV) trade from the perspective of complex networks. We employ network indicators and the cascading process of risk propagation to analyze the evolution features and the vulnerability of the PV trade network. Firstly, we establish the global PV trade networks from 2000 to 2021 based on the PV trade flow between countries. We then explore evolution features and analyze the influencing factors of the trade network structure. Finally, we simulate the cascading process of risk propagation on the trade network based on an improved bootstrap percolation model. The evolution features reveal the following three results: (1) the scale of global PV trade continues to grow, and the participation of some countries has increased significantly; (2) the global PV trade network has small-world characteristics, and the related products have high circulation efficiency; and (3) the global PV trade network has a core-periphery structure, while a few countries drive most of the trade. China, Germany, and the U.S. are the top PV traders. Some Asian countries, such as Vietnam, are gradually increasing their share of the market. The QAP regression analysis shows that the gaps in GDP and electricity access rate are the biggest facilitating and hindering factors in the global PV trade, respectively. The simulation results show that the global PV trade network is vulnerable to targeted risk and is robust to randomness risk.
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GOMÓŁKA, Krystyna. "ECONOMIC CONTACTS BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN AND THE EUROPEAN UNION". Historical and social-educational ideas 10, n.º 6/2 (1 de fevereiro de 2019): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-6/2-53-61.
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After regaining independence in the early 1990s, the Republic of Azerbaijan signed many international agreements. It also established relations with the European Union. Economic contacts between the partners were revived by the partnership and cooperation agreement’s entry into force in 1999. It assumed political dialogue, assistance in building democracy, cooperation in the sphere of economy and investment. In terms of trade in goods and services, the country have granted each other most-favored-nation clauses in the collection of customs duties and charges, transit clearance, composition and transhipment of goods, payment transfers for purchased goods and services. This has led to increased trade between the European Union and Azerbaijan. The most important trade partners of Azerbaijan in the years 2000-2017 were the following members of the European Union: Italy, France and Germany. The exports were dominated by Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom and Spain. The opening of the oil and gas sector to foreign companies has contributed to a significant inflow of foreign direct investment. More than 80% of the incoming investment is in the oil sector and the main activities are focused the construction of new gas and oil pipelines. The leading investors in this group in the years 2000-2013 were the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, France and Cyprus.
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Nowrojee, Villoo. "Ceramics in Indian Ocean Trade". Matatu 52, n.º 1 (22 de novembro de 2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05201009.
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Abstract Ceramics have been extensively imported on the East African Coast over many centuries. The principal sources have been Iran and China, the latter trans-shipped through the port of Malacca and the Indian ports of the western Indian Ocean. These ceramics were used to embellish the gates and mihrabs of mosques, and the exteriors of elaborate tombs. They were vessels in homes and decorations on buildings. In the last two centuries, the old ceramics came to be supplanted by imported ware more utilitarian in make and appearance. These came in mainly from Holland, England and Germany. These products of Western Europe were influenced by the Islamic markets they had entered, while in turn these plates became an important part of the East African Coast’s architecture and Swahili traditions and homes.
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von Wahl, Angelika. "Lessons on opportunity hoarding and gender binarism: building an alliance of women’s, trans and intersex movements". European Journal of Politics and Gender 4, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2021): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251510821x16128070868431.
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When do social movements support policies that do not benefit them directly? Which factors help build stronger feminist alliances? To answer these questions, this article traces the coalition behind the emergence of the third sex in Germany. This legal recognition cracks open the categorical male–female pair and sheds light on a path-breaking feminist alliance among women’s, trans and intersex groups. Case-study methodology and interviews provide insights into the weakening power of categorical pairs, add nuance to the concept of opportunity hoarding and provide important organisational, social and discursive lessons about when and how groups cooperate productively.
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Tenorth, Heinz-Elmar. "Erziehungswissenschaft in Deutschland – nationale Form, kulturelle Differenzen". Pedagógiatörténeti Szemle 1, n.º 4 (11 de abril de 2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22309/ptszemle.2015.4.4.
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Schlüsselwörter: Disziplingeschichte, deutsche Erziehungswissenschaft, Bedeutung der KonfessionDisziplingeschichte wird bisher vorrangig auf nationale Kontexte bezogen und wenn kulturell, dann in Sprachkulturen und Theorietraditionen diskutiert und für das Hochschulsystem erforscht, wie sie für den deutschsprachigen Bereich typisch sind. Die Geschichte der Erziehungswissenschaft in Deutschland zeigt demgegenüber, dass jenseits nationaler Einheitsformen, wie sie durch die Sprache, die Struktur der Universitäten und durch die Ordnung der Lehrerbildung erzwungen werden, weitere kulturelle und soziale Differenzen bedeutsam bleiben. Der Vortrag soll vor allem die fortdauernde Bedeutung der Konfession und die politische und gewerkschaftliche Organisation von Lehrern und Parteien als Differenzmerkmal herausarbeiten und die Mechanismen klären, wie diese Faktoren wirksam werden.Keywords: history of discipline, German science of education, role of religionNations and their cultural context, mostly defined by language, by the specific national systems of higher education and by the forms of teacher training dominate worldwide the current analysis of the discipline of education in its modern history, despite of all international relationships. The central thesis of the here presented arguments is that in the case of German Pedagogy and the German science of education the concentration on nation, language and the system of higher education is misleading in understanding the genuine dynamic of their special history in Germany. Contrary to the dominating interpretation the article tries to demonstrate that hereby the central role of religion, of socio-political factors like the tradition and form of the trade unions of teachers and of the pedagogical and political ideologies of the political parties is ignored or underestimated in its continuing impact on the discipline of education. The role of these factors is both effective and significant in the structure of arguments and theory-building and in the construction of social networks inside and outside of the academic field
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Morrow, James D. "Arms versus allies: trade-offs in the search for security". International Organization 47, n.º 2 (1993): 207–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027922.
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Nations have two methods of increasing their security: building arms and forming alliances. Both methods present different political costs that must be incurred to raise security. Building arms requires shifting economic resources to the military. Forming alliances requires abandoning interests that conflict with those of the ally. Each of these strategies produces domestic opposition. A nation's response to a threat to its security must weigh the relative attractiveness of arms versus allies, both in terms of their effects on internal politics and on their external benefits. Three cases are examined in the light of this argument. The response of Austria and France to the unification of Germany in the 1860s is the central case. Theories of alliance formation based on neorealism and the offense-defense balance predict that Austria and France should have allied against the mutual threat of Prussia. This article argues that they did not form an alliance because arming separately presented lower political costs. World Wars I and II likewise are analyzed from the perspective of the argument above.
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Geier, Johannes, Andrea Krautheim, Wolfgang Uter, Holger Lessmann e Axel Schnuch. "Occupational contact allergy in the building trade in Germany: influence of preventive measures and changing exposure". International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 84, n.º 4 (24 de setembro de 2010): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-010-0581-8.
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Cha, J. Mijin, Jane Holgate e Karel Yon. "Emergent Cultures of Activism: Young People and the Building of Alliances Between Unions and Other Social Movements". Work and Occupations 45, n.º 4 (4 de julho de 2018): 451–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888418785977.
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This article considers emergent cultures of activism among young people in the labor movement. The authors question whether unions should reconsider creating different forms of organization to make themselves relevant to new generations of workers. Our comparative case study research from the United States, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom—where young people are engaged in “alter-activism” and unions have successfully recruited and included young workers—shows that there is potential for building alliances between trade unions and other social movements. The authors suggest that emerging cultures of activism provide unions with a way of appealing to wider and more diverse constituencies.
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De Rosa, Mattia, Marcus Brennenstuhl, Carlos Andrade Cabrera, Ursula Eicker e Donal P. Finn. "An Iterative Methodology for Model Complexity Reduction in Residential Building Simulation". Energies 12, n.º 12 (25 de junho de 2019): 2448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122448.
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The present paper introduces an iterative methodology to progressively reduce building simulation model complexity with the aim of identifying potential trade-offs between computational requirements (i.e., model complexity) and energy estimation accuracy. Different levels of model complexity are analysed, from commercial building energy simulation tools to low order calibrated thermal networks models. Experimental data from a residential building in Germany were collected and used to validate two detailed white-box models and a simplified white-box model. The validation process was performed in terms of internal temperature profiles and building thermal energy demand predictions. Synthetic profiles were generated from the validated models and used for calibrating high order models. A reduction (trimming) procedure was applied to reduce the model complexity using an energy performance criterion prior to model trimming. The proposed methodology has the advantage of keeping the physical structure of the original RC model, thus enabling the use of the trimmed lumped parameter building model for other applications. The analysis showed that it is possible to reduce the model complexity by half, while keeping the accuracy above 90% for the targeted building.
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Narajewski, Michał. "Probabilistic Forecasting of German Electricity Imbalance Prices". Energies 15, n.º 14 (7 de julho de 2022): 4976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15144976.
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The imbalance market is very volatile and often exhibits extreme price spikes. This makes it very hard to model; however, if predicted correctly, one could make significant gains by participating on the right side of the market. In this manuscript, we conduct a very short-term probabilistic forecasting of imbalance prices, contributing to the scarce literature in this novel subject. The forecasting is performed 30 min before the delivery, so that the trader might still choose the trading place. The distribution of the imbalance prices is modelled and forecasted using methods well-known in the electricity price forecasting literature: lasso with bootstrap, gamlss, and probabilistic neural networks. The methods are compared with a naive benchmark in a meaningful rolling window study. The results provide evidence of the efficiency between the intraday and balancing markets as the sophisticated methods do not substantially overperform the intraday continuous price index. On the other hand, they significantly improve the empirical coverage. Therefore, the traders should avoid participating in the balancing market, which is inline with the objective and current regulations of the market. The analysis was conducted on the German market; however, it could be easily applied to any other market of a similar structure.
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Sukhodolov, Yakov. "Current State of Russo-Chinese Investment Cooperation". Russian and Chinese Studies 4, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2020.4(1).10-17.
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China is traditionally a leading foreign trade partner of Russia. And its share in the total volume of foreign trade has a positive dynamics. At the same time, the dynamics of the Russo-Chinese investment cooperation sufficiently lags behind the dynamics of development of the Russo-Chinese foreign trade relations. At present, China considerably lags behind France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy in regard to direct investments in Russia’ economy. The major part of direct investments from China falls upon the mining and petrochemical industries, the wood and paper complex, the agriculture, and the real estate sphere. At the same time, the Chinese investors also implement several investment projects in the machine-building sphere. The Russo-Chinese cooperation has good prospects, especially in the sphere of implementing joint transport-logistic and infrastructural projects, as well as the projects in processing industry.
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Węgrzynek, Krystian. "Odczytując palimpsest miejski. Na przykładzie Katowic". Z Teorii i Praktyki Dydaktycznej Języka Polskiego 29 (6 de outubro de 2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/tpdjp.2020.29.03.
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The article invites the readers to approach the city itself as a text of culture. We are to read it alongside other narratives/narrations (literary, artistic, and cinematic) devoted to it. The author traces how Katowice’s space has been transmuted into politically- and culturally-charged places, by distinguishing consecutive layers of the palimpsest (Polish village, building patterns of German and Polish times: the old and the new). The foregoing examples allow the author to indicate the traces of conceptions and ideologies reflected by architecture. He also includes some methodological recommendations/tips pertaining to reading the space.
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Gallagher, Brigid. "Father Victor Braun and the Catholic Church in England and Wales, 1870–1882". Recusant History 28, n.º 4 (outubro de 2007): 547–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200011663.
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Nineteenth century London, like many towns and cities in Britain, experienced phenomenal population growth. At the centre of the British Empire, and driven by free trade and industry, it achieved extraordinary wealth, but this wealth was confined to the City and to the West End. East London, however, consisted of ‘an expanse of poverty and wretchedness as appalling as, and in many ways worse than the horrors of the industrial North’. There was clear evidence of the lack of urban planning, as factories were established close to the immense dock buildings constructed near Stratford. Toxic materials such as paint and varnish were produced in large chemical works owned by the German chemist, Rudolf Hersel, as were matches by the firm Bryant and May, and rubber, tar and iron for the building trade by various industrialists. Social historians have viewed the poverty of mid-nineteenth century London's East End as a symbol of urban disintegration in which skilled artisans were reduced to sweated, lowly-paid, labourers. Their homes, built close to the industrial sectors, were erected hastily and cheaply, and lacked proper hygienic and sanitary facilities, so that slum conditions prevailed. Moreover, this housing had to be demolished frequently to make way for new roads and railways, thus creating great hardship for an already destitute people.
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Bodansky, Daniel, Nina Naske e Georg Nolte. "“Aerial Security Law.” Case No. 1 BvR 357/05. 115 BVerfGE 118". American Journal of International Law 101, n.º 2 (abril de 2007): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000030190.
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“Aerial Security Law.” Case No. 1 BvR 357/05. 115 BVerfGE 118. Available at <http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de>.Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court of Germany), February 15, 2006.On February 15,2006, the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht) held the Aerial Security Act to be unconstitutional. This act authorized the use of military force against any aircraft intended to be used for the killing of human beings, if the use of such force was the only means to avert an immediate danger. The Court based its ruling on two grounds: first, that the federal level of government had no legislative power to enact such a law, and second, that the act's authorization of military force infringed upon the guarantee of human dignity as embodied in Article 1(1) of the German Constitution, or Basic Law (Grundgesetz).On January 5, 2003, a small airplane circled over the Frankfurt banking district. For a few moments people saw themselves confronted with a terror attack, recalling 9/11 and the pictures of the burning World Trade Center. The police evacuated several buildings and two Air Force fighter jets arrived before it was established that the pilot was not a terrorist but merely a mentally confused person. A year later, in January 2004, the federal government proposed a draft federal Aerial Security Act. The government argued that the attacks of 9/11, along with the Frankfurt incident, made clear that in order to protect against such attacks, it was necessary to clarify the roles of the federal and state (Länder) governments. “This draft is meant to achieve that aim … and to establish quick and efficient mechanisms for information gathering and decision.”
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WEBER, FRIEDRICH, e CHARLOTTE METHUEN. "The Architecture of Faith under National Socialism: Lutheran Church Building(s) in Braunschweig, 1933–1945". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 66, n.º 2 (abril de 2015): 340–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046913002571.
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It has frequently been assumed that church building ceased after the National Socialists came to power in Germany in 1933. This article shows that it continued, and considers the reasons why this was the case. Focussing on churches built in the Church of Braunschweig between 1933 and 1936, it explores the interactions between emergent priorities for church architecture and the rhetoric of National Socialist ideology, and traces their influence on the building of new Protestant churches in Braunschweig. It examines the way in which Braunschweig Cathedral was reordered in accordance with National Socialist interests, and the ambiguity which such a reordering implied for the on-going Christian life of the congregation. It concludes that church building was widely understood to be a part of the National Socialist programme for creating employment, but was also used to emphasise the continuing role of the Church in building community. However, there is still much work to be done to investigate the ways in which churches and congregations interacted with National Socialism in their day-to-day existence.
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Amhoff, Tilo. "The Agency of the Paper Plan: The Building Plans of Late Nineteenth-Century and Early Twentieth-Century Berlin". Journal of Urban History 46, n.º 2 (19 de setembro de 2019): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144219876605.
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This article closely investigates the unique visual representations of the building plans of late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century Berlin, and emphasizes the agency of the paper plan in the profession and discipline of Städtebau. Following positions in German media theory, the paper plan is understood and theorized as a medium of bureaucracy and the plan drawing as a set of cultural techniques. In doing so, the article traces the refinement of the instruments for regulating the building of the city—from the building plan, to the building zones plan, to the town development plan. It is argued that the paper plans themselves have agency in seeing the city and hence thinking about the city (through their methods of visual representation), and agency in the formation of graphic terms and concepts (derived from the making of building plans). The paper plans mediated visual and verbal knowledge of the city that would have been inconceivable without them.
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Kott, Sandrine, e Thomas Wieder. "The (Re-)construction of Monuments in Germany: New Historical Narratives in a Time of Nation-building". Contemporary European History 32, n.º 1 (23 de janeiro de 2023): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777322000467.
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In the slipstream of the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States, there has been a global mobilisation around monuments and statues of famous figures involved in the slave trade and European colonial conquest. In former colonial states – such as France and Britain – and states shaped by the legacies of slavery – such as the United States – activists have defaced, damaged or torn down monuments associated with these contested pasts. This is hardly a novelty. The destruction of physical symbols is often a response to regime change. But, in this case, the mobilisation has taken a different form. Instead of legitimising a new regime and new elites, the destruction of monuments is part of a demand for justice from historically marginalised groups who are seeking to reclaim their heritage. The deconstruction of these monuments automatically entails the deconstruction of dominant national narratives that have contributed to such marginalisation.
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Sari, Cynthia Dikna, Toto Gunarto, Tiara Nirmala, Marselina e Neli Aida. "Analysis of Factors Influencing Energy Intensity in G20 Countries". Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 23, n.º 22 (31 de outubro de 2023): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i221143.
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Aims: The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Industry Value Added (IVA), Urban Population (UP), Trade, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Energy Intensity in G20 countries.
Study Design: This research used a quantitative descriptive method using panel data analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: The scope of this research extends to G20 member countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, European Union, France, United Kingdom, Indonesia, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Rusia, Saudi Arabia, Turki, United States, and South Africa, between 1990-2021.
Methodology: This research uses descriptive method combined with panel data analysis, analyze determine of GDP, IVA, UP, Trade, and FDI on Energy Intensity in G20 countries. Furthermore, the data uses is secondary data that has a regression model on panel data from 1990-2021.
Results: The result of this research show that IVA has a positive relationship and has a significant effect on increasing energy intensity in G20 countries. GDP, Trade and UP variables have a negative relationship and have a significant effect on Energy Intensity in G20 countries. Meanwhile, the FDI variable has no significant effect on Energy Intensity in G20 countries.
Conclusion: Based on research result, Energy Intensity in G20 countries is influenced by various factors, The IVA factor has a positive and significant relationship with energy intensity, can be utilized to increase productivity and economic growth, but need to be balanced with effort to increase energy efficiency.
While the GDP, Trade and Urban Population factors have a negative and significant relationship to energy intensity. However, FDI does not have a significant effect on energy intensity in G20 countries. The government should consider policies to reduce dependence on intensive energy, especially in sector that have a negative relation with energy intensity such as GDP, trade and urban population.
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Dejonghe, Marie. "Risky Business? Evaluating Hydrogen Partnerships Established by Germany, The Netherlands, and Belgium". Sustainability 15, n.º 24 (15 de dezembro de 2023): 16876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152416876.
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Following the introduction of the EU’s Hydrogen Strategy in 2020 as part of the European Green Deal, some EU member states have deployed a very active hydrogen diplomacy. Germany, The Netherlands, and Belgium have been the most active ones, establishing no less than 40 bilateral hydrogen trade partnerships with 30 potential export countries in the last three years. However, concerns have been voiced about whether such hydrogen trade relationships can be economically feasible, geopolitically wise, environmentally sustainable, and socially just. This article therefore evaluates these partnerships considering three risk dimensions: economic, political, and sustainability (covering both environmental and justice) risks. The analysis reveals that the selection of partner countries entails significant trade-offs. Four groups of partner countries can be identified based on their respective risk profile: “Last Resorts”, “Volatile Ventures”, “Strategic Gambits”, and “Trusted Friends”. Strikingly, less than one-third of the agreements are concluded with countries that fall within the “Trusted Friends” category, which have the lowest overall risk profile. These findings show the need for policy makers to think much more strategically about which partnerships to pursue and to confront tough choices about which risks and trade-offs they are willing to accept.
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Hutter, Gérard, Alfred Olfert, Marco Neubert e Regine Ortlepp. "Building Resilience to Natural Hazards at a Local Level in Germany—Research Note on Dealing with Tensions at the Interface of Science and Practice". Sustainability 13, n.º 22 (11 de novembro de 2021): 12459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212459.
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Building resilience is a core element of urban resilience that refers to both the (1) intended physical change of the building stock and the related blue, green, and grey infrastructure, as well as (2) the social process of increasing resilience through the goal-driven cooperation of scientists and practitioners. Building resilience at the interface of science and practice is characterized by tensions and a range of approaches to dealing with tensions. To specify this proposition, this research note adopts a strategic spatial planning perspective and introduces the typology of “motors of change” from organizational and management research. We focus on a goal-driven motor of change (“teleology”) and highlight three approaches to dealing with tensions: developing a strategic focus of knowledge integration, setting priorities to enhance resilience as a pro-active ability of disaster risk reduction (DRR), and compromising in the management of trade-offs, such as those between the scales of resilience. For the purpose of illustration, this research note refers to examples of building resilience at a local level in Germany, dealing with heat stress in urban areas, managing the risk of extreme flood events, and analyzing the resilience of innovative infrastructure solutions.
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Huleihil, Mahmoud. "Optimal Stroke Path for Reciprocating Heat Engines". Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2019 (2 de janeiro de 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7468478.
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By testing piston motion in reciprocating heat engines as a control variable, one could find piston trajectories, different from the conventional near sinusoidal motion that should increase power production. This results from minimizing frictional losses. The purpose of this study is to determine piston trajectories that are optimal for noncombustion strokes in reciprocating engines, in the sense of minimizing frictional dissipation and hence maximizing efficiency and power. The optimal piston traces for noncombustion strokes are determined by using a combination of optimal control theory and models for the thermodynamic irreversibilities. Hence, the results are germane to external combustion engines and to the noncombustion strokes of internal combustion engines. The optimal piston traces or trajectories obtained here can be viewed as some of the building blocks from which optimal overall cycles can be constructed.
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Hoffmann, Jürgen. "Gewerkschaften in der »Globalisierungsfalle«?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 27, n.º 106 (1 de março de 1997): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v27i106.889.
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The article focusses on the process of »globalization« as fiction and reality in order to outline both: the threats to the cooperative institutional concept of the so-called »rhenish capitalism« and the necessity of renewed trade union politics and policies within national and European labour markets. The basic proposition made is that the process of »disembedding«, which characterizes the globalization process, has to be answered by strategies of re-embedding labour and money markets by building up new fonns of regulation regimes. Taking the example of Gennany and the German trade unions, the author argues that trade unions are not only victims of the »globalization trap«, but also actors in a new framework of economic and social challenges - if they accept to be so. They have to build up new forrns of solidarity beyond trade boundaries and to push forward to socially and ecologically regulated processes ofproduction (»re-regulation«) by resisting the polilics of deregulation and by influencing the economic restructuring process.
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Mahfoud, Tara. "Visions of unification and integration: Building brains and communities in the European Human Brain Project". New Media & Society 23, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2021): 322–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820929576.
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The Human Brain Project (HBP) was launched in October 2013 by the European Commission to build an information and communication technology infrastructure that would support large-scale brain modelling and simulation. Less than a year after its launch, more than 800 neuroscientists signed a letter that claimed the HBP ‘would fail to meet its goals’. Based on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork conducted between February 2014 and January 2017 in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the HBP headquarters in Switzerland, and over 40 interviews with scientists, engineers and project administrators, this article traces how competing visions over how brain models should be built became tied into debates over how scientific communities should be governed. Articulations of these different kinds of models and communities appealed to competing imaginaries of Europe itself – of Europe and European science as unified or pluralistic. This article argues that scientific models are sites of contestation over social and political futures. The tensions between visions of scientific unification and pluralism in the HBP mirrored the tensions between imaginaries of European political unification and pluralism.
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Babiracki, Patryk. "A Tower of Tangled Histories: The Upper Silesia Tower in Poznań and the Making of an Unromantic Poland, 1911–1955". Slavic Review 79, n.º 3 (2020): 566–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2020.158.
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Engaging with regional, international, and spatial histories, this article proposes a new reading of the twentieth-century Polish past by exploring the vicissitudes of a building known as the Upper Silesia Tower. Renowned German architect Hans Poelzig designed the Tower for the 1911 Ostdeutsche Ausstellung in Posen, an ethnically Polish city under Prussian rule. After Poland regained its independence following World War I, the pavilion, standing centrally on the grounds of Poznań’s International Trade Fair, became the fair's symbol, and over time, also evolved into visual shorthand for the city itself. I argue that the Tower's significance extends beyond Posen/Poznań, however. As an embodiment of the conflicts and contradictions of Polish-German historical entanglements, the building, in its changing forms, also concretized various efforts to redefine the dominant Polish national identity away from Romantic ideals toward values such as order, industriousness, and hard work. I also suggest that eventually, as a material structure harnessed into the service of socialism, the Tower, with its complicated past, also brings into relief questions about the regional dimensions of the clashes over the meaning of modernity during the Cold War.
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van Calster, Geert, e Andreas Schöpgens. "Multilevel Constitutional Review and EU External Treaty Making After Opinion 2/15". European Foreign Affairs Review 23, Issue 4 (1 de dezembro de 2018): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2018036.
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Regional free trade agreements (FTAs), such as the EU-Singapore (EUSFTA) or the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), foresee judicial mechanisms for investor state dispute settlement (ISDS). The EU Treaties (TEU and TFEU) remain silent on the competence nature of external institution-building. It is no surprise therefore that ISDS causes inter-institutional disputes. Constitutionality reviews at national and EU level are challenged by ISDS institution-building. Examples are the German constitutional court’s 2016 decisions on CETA and its investment court system (ICS), and the Court of Justice of the European Union’s (CJEU) Opinion 2/15 on the EU-Singapore agreement. This article looks both at the national and supranational constitutional courts of a multilevel composite adjudication system of relevance to EU external relations, with a particular focus on ISDS. After some general considerations on Member State courts’ influences on EU external activities, the article compares the double-layered (competence and substance) review-approaches at both levels, to then analyse the recent application of these approaches to the Singapore agreement and CETA. The aim is to show that in external relations, as elsewhere, the EU depends on system-internal cooperation between its constitutional courts. As this is particularly important for institution-building, the article will also point to some legal uncertainties which these courts generate for ISDS.
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Kyrlyk, Nataliya. "GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SERVICES". Actual Problems of Economics 1, n.º 237 (março de 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32752/1993-6788-2021-1-237-53-59.
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The article considers global trends of development by transport and logistics services. The influence of globalization and internationalization on the development of logistics, transport and logistics services and the relevant market is revealed. The direct connection between globalization and the growth of trade flows is determined, which is reflected in the changes in global trends in the development of transport and logistics service. The modern logistics market is developing rapidly, which is facilitated by the rapid development of world trade and progress in increasing the volume of multinational corporations and the dynamic development of the financial and economic sector, which greatly simplifies trade. Since 2011, world exports have exceeded pre-crisis levels, and since then the value of world exports of goods and services has only grown. The world's largest exporting countries are China, United States, Germany, Japan and other countries, in fact, these countries hold the lead in imports. World trade of goods in 2020 decreased by 5.3%. The reason for this reduction was the introduction of lockdowns and restrictions on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article traces the dynamics of changes in Ukraine's foreign trade during 2000-2020. It is concluded that the dynamics of foreign trade has changed over the past 5 years. Ukraine's largest market for foreign trade is the EU. The largest share is occupied by such countries as Poland, the Netherlands, Italy, the smallest share in the structure of foreign trade is Malta, Luxembourg, Cyprus, Croatia. It is established that the method of transportation of products has changed. In recent years, the requirement to preserve the integrity of cargo has become widespread. And here the important way of transportations at constantly growing needs became transportation in containers. Approximately 70% of all transportation is carried out in containers that ensure modularity, integrity, warehousing and storage of goods. It was also found that the issue of quality prevails over the "price" indicator. More and more customers prefer high-quality transport and logistics services. The study made it possible to establish global trends in changes in the requirements and directions of development of transport and logistics services.