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1
Müller, Jan-Dirk. "‘Wandering’ Scholars in the Beginning of Printing". Daphnis 45, n.º 3-4 (18 de julho de 2017): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04503004.
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The dissemination of humanism depends on personal contacts between individuals. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries there was an intense exchange between Germany and the Italian universities. German princes recruited administrators, counselors, and diplomats among Italian humanists. Italian teachers of rhetoric or art tried to make their fortunes north of the Alps. Apollon himself and with him the studia humanitatis are imagined as crossing the mountains.
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Durnbaugh, Donald F. "The Salas: A German-American Printing Family". Yearbook of German-American Studies 38 (1 de dezembro de 2003): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/ygas.v38i.19042.
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Kurmaev, Mikhail V. "Book Editions of the Samara Germans of the second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries in the Collections of the Central Libraries of Russia". Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 1, n.º 2 (28 de abril de 2016): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2016-1-2-162-170.
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The research reveals the features of the development of the German-language book publishing in Samara in the second half of 19th - the beginning of the 20th centuries. There was analyzed the publishing activities of certain associations, enterprises and individuals, connected with the Evangelical Lutheran community of St. George. The author proves that the Samara German language book publishing used the printing houses of other regions. There is provided information on book production of Samara Germans, preserved in the holdings of the Russian State Library, National Library of Russia and Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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Hussein, Ibrahim. "German Orientalism and its Attention to Quranic Readings". Islamic Sciences Journal 11, n.º 10 (17 de março de 2023): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jis.20.11.10.14.
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The orientalists have great efforts in studying the Islamic and Arab heritage, and the Germans have a special interest in the Holy Qur'an, its history, readings, and drawing. This research is an attempt to show the care of the oriental orientalism of the Qur'anic readings since the beginning of the orientalist movement. The printing of the Holy Quran in Arabic, and the translation of its meanings into German. The research reached important results, including: that most of the reasons and motives behind the Orientalism are religious reasons, economic colonialism reasons, and there are real scientific reasons, but they are very few as compared to other reasons and motives.
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Winther-Jensen, Thyge. "The Reformation as a Religious, Political, and Educational Project". Revista Española de Educación Comparada, n.º 33 (25 de janeiro de 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reec.33.2019.22329.
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This year, five hundred years ago, Martin Luther according to the legend nailed his 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg. The Theses, originally written in Latin, were translated into German. Thanks to the invention of the art of printing, “My Theses were truly through all of Germany” Luther later suggested. In a few years they triggered a religious and political transformation in the northern part of Europe, including Scandinavia. This transformation was later termed the Reformation. Today Christian churches rooted in the Reformation are spread all over the world.
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Colón, Germà. "El vocabulari català-alemany de 1502: <i>Vocabolari molt profitos per apendre Lo Catalan Alamany y Lo Alamany Catalan</i>". Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 24 (1 de julho de 2011): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.2011.9-15.
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Summary: Johan Rosenbachs Vocabulari is the first lexical index of Catalan and German, but it is not a completely original work. The aim of this paper is to produce evidence that shows its reliance on the early Italian dictionaries of his time, and especially on Introito e Porta (1477) from which the printer from Heidelberg took full paragraphs. [Keywords: Catalan-German dictionaries; Italian lexicography; history of printing]
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Cereteu, Igor. "Printing and Old Romanian Books in the European Cultural Heritage". Études bibliologiques/Library Research Studies 2, n.º 2 (2020): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/eb.2020.02.
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Printing and Old Romanian Books (1508-1830) gained a well-established position in the European Cultural Heritage by the beginning of the 16th century, with the introduction of imprints in Cyrillic typeface, ahead of many European states. The first printing press was introduced in Wallachia in 1508, when hieromonk Macarie issued several religious books in Slavonic at Târgoviște, for Romanian Orthodox Christians and Slavonic people of Europe. Prints in Romanian would enter the cultural circuit as early as the fifth decennium of the 16th century. Transylvanian typographies started their activity by printing books in Latin and German. In 1535 Johan Honterus of Brașov (1498–1549) set a typography, thus establishing the city as one of the centres for the Lutheran believe in Transylvania. In 1544, the Romanian Catechism was published at Sibiu, a text that aimed to promote the Lutheran theology amongst Romanians. Between 1535 and 1557 over 50 works were published in Latin, Greek and German in the typography of Brașov, which then spread across many European countries. After deacon Coresi came to Brașov in the second half of the 16th century, several books were published with Cyrillic typeface in Slavonic, Romanian and bilingual editions for Orthodox Christians. The Romanian printing activity came to a standstill that lasted from the last decennium of the 16th century until the fourth decennium of the 17th century. The activity restarted during the reign of Matei Basarab in Wallachia (1632-1654) and Vasile Lupu in Moldavia (1634-1653). Printing was introduced in Moldavia in 1642 and, in comparison with Wallachia and Transylvania, Romanian was used as main language. Books in Greek, intended for the Orthodox faithful within the Ottoman Empire, were also printed. After 1812, the eastern part of Moldavia was annexed by Tsarist Russia. In 1814, a printing house that provided literature for the churches of the eparchy was set up in Chișinău, the capital city of the province. Some of the books would reach countries of Central and Western Europe or even cultural centres in Ukraine and Russia. In conclusion, books printed within the Romanian countries were mainly for religious purposes. Sets were issued in Romanian, Slavonic, Latin, German and Greek, for the use of Christians throughout both Western and Eastern Europe.
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Anderson, Emily R. "Printing the Bespoke Book". Nuncius 35, n.º 3 (14 de dezembro de 2020): 536–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03503005.
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Abstract In 1482, Erhard Ratdolt, a prominent German printer in Venice, issued the editio princeps of Euclid’s Elements. Ratdolt experimented with the new technology of printing to overcome the difficulty in arranging geometric diagrams alongside the text. This article examines the materials and techniques that Ratdolt used in his edition of Elements including his use of vellum, gold printing, and illumination for special copies as well as his use of woodcuts, movable type, and metal-cast diagrams. Significantly, the legacy of Ratdolt’s innovations continued almost one hundred years later in subsequent editions of Elements. In 1572, Camillo Francischini printed Federico Commandino’s Latin translation and commentary, and today, there are at least two surviving copies of this edition printed on blue paper. Both printers, Ratdolt and Francischini, used the printing press to produce unique and bespoke books using material and visual cues from luxury objects like illuminated manuscripts. These case studies of Euclid’s Elements brings together the fields of art history, history of the book, and the history of geometry, and analyzes the myriad ways that printers employed the printing press in the early modern period to elevate and modernize ancient, mathematical texts.
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Altić, Mirela. "The influence of Blaž Kocen (Blasius Kozenn) and his geographical atlas on the development of Croatian school cartography". Dela, n.º 56 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.56.193-218.
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In this paper, we analyze the importance of Kocen’s atlases for the development of Croatian school cartography. Comparing German and Croatian editions in the period between 1887 and 1943, we follow the progress in map printing, cartographic techniques, language redactions of toponymy as well as the inclusion of thematic maps and the influence of political discourse (German centralism vs. Slavic nationalisms) on the geographical scope and content of maps used in the educational process.
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Karić, Enes. "The (Un)Substantiated in Dan Diner’s Interpretations of the Islamic World’s “Backwardness”". American Journal of Islam and Society 34, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2017): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v34i1.870.
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The author develops a dialogue with thoughts and views of DanDiner expressed in his book Lost in the Sacred (originally publishedin German as Versiegelte Zeit). This essay focuses on – and disputes– Diner’s contentions that the Arab and Muslim/Islamic worlds arebackward due to their resistance to such western concepts asdemocracy, human rights, and social and educational institutions,not to mention the Arabic alphabet and language and the Qur ’an(e.g., printing the text on a printing press, variant readings, and asan obstacle to progress) themselves.
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Nag, Koustav. "Post-Colonial Time: The Evaluation of Printmaking Practice and Present Time". Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature 6, n.º 4 (25 de abril de 2023): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51879/pijssl/060404.
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Printmaking has a long and rich history that dates back thousands of years. The earliest forms of printmaking were developed in ancient china, where the artist would create prints using wood blocks as early as the 7th century. However, in the 15th century in Europe, printmaking began to develop into a proper art form. Johannesburg was a German goldsmith printer and inventor widely credited with movable type printing in the mid-15th century. In 1455 Bible was the first important Book in history. In the 16th century, Goa was the first place in India where printing technology started during the British period. Initially, it was used for religious printing and some commercial printing, like religious posters, pamphlets etc. later 20th century, this printing process transformed into fine art printmaking techniques. It became an educational part of developing printing technology and technician. This printing technology became a curriculum for the Art & Craft College, like Madras art college, Kolkata Govt. Art and Craft College, J.J art college, Lahore art college (now in Pakistan), and another essential college is Kala Bhavana under the Visva Bharati University. From post-colonial to contemporary times, printing to printmaking evolved in many ways. Most places academically followed the colonial curriculum, but commercial printing technology rapidly changed. Academically Visva Bharati University Santiniketan develops new technology for the students.
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Senchenko, Mykola. "Transition from the Gutenberg Galaxy to the Zuckerberg Galaxy". Вісник Книжкової палати, n.º 3 (17 de março de 2021): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2021.3(296).3-7.
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The era of printed books originates from the German city of Mainz, where at the turn of the XIV-XV centuries. Johann Gutenberg was born (according to some scholars, not earlier than 1399, according to others - in 1400; died February 3, 1468). The idea of book printing at that time was quite relevant, and there are different views on the first printers, but it was this German inventor who talentedly solved many technical problems and began mass book printing in Europe. Between 1452 and 1455 he published one of the most famous books of the time, the so-called 42-line Bible, which was called the Gutenberg Bible. It was one of the first incunabula - that's what the books published in the XV century are called, literally "lullabies", ie those that stood near the cradle of book printing.
The era of electronic books in Europe began in the Ukrainian city of Kiev, where in 1950 Europe's first Small Electronic Computer ("MESM") was developed at the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine under the leadership of Academician S. Lebedev. Thus began the era of computers in Europe, which in half a century led to the global spread of new information technologies, as well as e-books (computers) and magazines.
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Tsapaeva, Sabina. "Reynke Vosz de olde (Rostock, 1539) in context of the Middle Low German Reynke de Vos tradition in the 15th–16th century". Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 26 (31 de dezembro de 2014): 174–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.26.11tsa.
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The present article discusses the beast epic Reynke Vosz de olde (Rostock, 1539) in context of the Middle Low German Reynke de Vos tradition in the 15th–16th century. Emphasis falls on the comparison of the two particularly important Middle Low German editions of the widely-known epic against the socio-historical background in Northern Germany in the Late Middle Ages. This paper proposes to make a contribution to the field of research of the Middle Low German Reynke de Vos tradition in general but primarily examines the printed Reynke Vosz de olde edition from 1539. For this latter purpose the Reynke Vosz de olde text is compared with the 1498 pretext from the Poppy Printer, the Mohnkopf printing house, in a number of respects: typography and illustrations, construction of the book, division in books and chapters, versification, different tendencies in the commentary parts etc. The 1539 Reynke Vosz de olde edition is filtered for tendencies in textual innovations and structural changes as distinct to prototype text as well as motivation and intention cues for those. Further questions like the importance of the quotation analysis of the marginal gloss notes and of the critical question on the glossator’s identity will be highlighted and discussed.
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Jakobsen, Lise Skytte. "Holding Your Scream in Your Hand. 3D Printing as Inter-Dimensional Experience in Contemporary Artworks by Alicia Framis, Martin Erik Andersen and Hito Steyerl". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 10, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2015): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausfm-2015-0024.
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Abstract During the last couple of years, 3D printing has been widely discussed as a technology with the potential to revolutionize production methods as we used to know them. However, hitherto not much has been written about the aesthetic| aspects of this new possibility of transferring bits to atoms. What kinds of (3D) images are awaiting us? This article focuses on how three contemporary artists are including 3D prints and the process of 3D printing in their work. The article offers a short introduction to the characteristics of 3D printing followed by indebt analysis of art works by Spanish installation artist Alicia Framis. Danish sculptor and professor at The Royal Danish Art Academy Martin Erik Andersen and German filmmaker and writer Hito Steyerl. The article points out how these, very different, works of art use 3D printing to offer the viewer a sense of inter-dimensionality. The central experience here lies somewhere between 2D and 3D.
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Duggan, Mary Kay. "Bringing Reformed Liturgy to Print at the New Monastery at Marienthal". Church History and Religious Culture 88, n.º 3 (2008): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124108x426565.
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AbstractThe reformed liturgical texts created at the Council of Basel (1431–1449) were not printed at Mainz, the birthplace of the new technology, but across the river Rhine at a new monastery of the Brothers of the Common Life at Marienthal. Documentation of the establishment of that monastery is sketchy but includes the involvement of Archbishop Adolph II of Nassau (1462–1475) and vicar general of the Mainz diocese, Gabriel Biel (1410–1495), who would become a Brother at Marienthal. The 21 editions (1474–1484) that were issued by the monastery were almost all newly written books by local clerics: the reformed liturgical texts for the new German Bursfeld Congregation of Benedictines and diocesan breviaries; spiritual reading in the vernacular so typical of the books of the Brothers, including the first German translation by Biel of Jean Gerson's Opus tripartitum, a confessional by Johannes Lupi, and a life of St. Martin of Tours by Sulpitius Severus. Who cast the six types, who did the printing, and who paid for the printing shop remain subjects of conjecture?
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Speth, Sebastian. "Reynard the Fox and the Art of Printing (Reineke Fuchs und die Buchdruckerkunst)". Daphnis 46, n.º 1-2 (15 de março de 2018): 264–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04601019.
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Johann Christoph Gottsched glorifies the benefits of printing for the acquisition, conservation, and distribution of knowledge. Praising the Low German Reynke de vos he expects furthermore the inspiration from the art of printing for the emergence of a contemporary German epic. This article compares different versions of Reineke-stories relating to their variable peritextual presentation. This includes titles, covers, and other paratextual dimensions of the works. But as a product of collective retelling, the fox epic joins completely different literary genres. Johann Christoph Gottsched preist die Leistungen des Buchdrucks bei der Aneignung, Bewahrung und Verbreitung von Wissen. Ausgehend von einem Lob des niederdeutschen Reynke de vos hofft er darüber hinaus, die Druckkunst werde zur Inspirationsquelle für ein zeitgenössisches ‘Heldengedicht’ in deutscher Sprache. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Vergleich verschiedener Reineke-Fassungen nicht auf die bloße Vershandlung reduziert. Im Zentrum steht die Inszenierung durch textgeschichtlich variable Titelbilder, -formulierungen sowie weitere peritextuelle Werkdimensionen. Als Produkt eines gemeinsamen Wiedererzählens von Verfassern und Überlieferungsbeteiligten gerät die Fuchsgeschichte jedoch in ganz andere Gattungskontexte.
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Roelofsen, Mathijs. "La Noble Science des Joueurs d’Espée: Fight Book and Commercial Product". Acta Periodica Duellatorum 8, n.º 1 (15 de outubro de 2020): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/apd-2020-005.
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La Noble Science des Joueurs d’Espée (originally La Noble Science des Ioueurs Despee) is a fight book printed in 1538 by Willem Vorsterman, a local printer in Antwerp. Printed in several exemplars, the book is the French translation of a German fencing treatise written by Andre Paurnfeindt, which itself was first published in Vienna in 1516. The study of Vorsterman’s edition shows several errors were made in recreating Paurnfeindt’s work, including inversions of image and text, which have the potential to alter the transmission of the text’s martial knowledge. This raises the question of Vorsterman's commercial intentions when editing and printing this fight book, especially regarding the flourishing printing business in sixteenth-century Flanders. This paper aims to describe the differences in construction between Vorsterman and Pauernfeindt’s treatises in the context of both printing and martial cultures in Antwerp and the surrounding region.
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Kowalski, Micaela. ":Early Colour Printing: German Renaissance Woodcuts at the British Museum". Sixteenth Century Journal 53, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2022): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj5303133.
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Repucho, Ewa. "The book collection of Jan Kuglin as a source for research on the aesthetics of print in the 20th century". Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 13 (26 de dezembro de 2019): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2019.170.
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The paper describes a somewhat forgotten book collection of the outstanding Wrocław editor Jan Kuglin, in terms of the editions on print aesthetics contained therein. The collection, which is a reflection of Kuglin’s scientific passions, contains many valuable books in German, English, Polish, Russian and Czech in the field of book and printing history, editing, book design, typography, writing, graphic techniques, polygraphy, paper industry, bookbinding, etc. In the book collection of Kuglin one can find editions being examples of a perfect typography. Thus, the collection stored in the Library of the Institute of Information and Library Science of the University of Wrocław is an excellent source for research on the aesthetics of printing in the 20th century.
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Kruis, René, e Gerrold van der Stroom. "The K number". Quaerendo 40, n.º 3-4 (2010): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006910x537754.
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AbstractSome books printed in occupied Holland during the Second World War carry a so-called K number. This was long supposed to signify approval by the Kultuurkamer, a ‘wrong’ (i.e. a pro-German or, as in this case, puppet) body that was set up in November 1941 by the country’s German governor or Reichskommissar. It has now become clear that this is incorrect: the K number was in fact introduced in July 1941 as a bureaucratic means of monitoring and controlling the supply and rationing of all printing paper by the Dutch Department of Economic Affairs, and was a consequence of pre-war Dutch rationing legislation dating from 1939.
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Wilkinson, Robert J. "The Poetic Transformation of Christian Cabbala". Aries 20, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2020): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700593-02002001.
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Abstract This article follows the development of a genre of eighteenth-century texts, explicitly self-designated as ‘cabbalistic’, initially intended for fortune telling by use of a number-alphabet. Such texts were found in Latin and German and eventually emerged from clandestinity into print, though initially they were often anonymous and with false places of printing. As these texts attracted the attention of those interested in promoting the German vernacular and demonstrating the poetic capacity of that language, they were increasingly identified as ‘paragrams’, lost much of their mantic purpose and increasingly became an inventive technique for the stimulation of the composition of honorific verse.
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Motnik, Marko. "Excudebat Leonhardus Formica: Leonhard Formica (Lenart Mravlja) und seine Musikdrucke". Musicological Annual 51, n.º 2 (17 de junho de 2015): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.51.2.27-40.
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Lenart Mravlja, also named Leonhard Formica, is one of the numerous personalities from Carniola who worked abroad in the sixteenth century. After being educated in Ljubljana and in several protestant German towns, Formica moved to Vienna at the end of the 1580s where he founded a printing office. Before his death in 1605, he produced approximately 70 books, among which are five high quality music prints.
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Carlisle, Rachel M. "Early Colour Printing: German Renaissance Woodcuts at the British Museum by Elizabeth Savage". Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 53, n.º 1 (2022): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2022.0025.
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Mross, Diana, e Sandra Rothenberg. "Formulating and implementing environmental strategies: A comparison of U.S. and German printing firms". Environmental Quality Management 16, n.º 4 (2007): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tqem.20141.
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PETTEGREE, ANDREW, e MATTHEW HALL. "THE REFORMATION AND THE BOOK: A RECONSIDERATION". Historical Journal 47, n.º 4 (29 de novembro de 2004): 785–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x04003991.
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Perceptions of the role of the book in the Reformation are shaped by our knowledge of the German print world during the first decades of Protestant expansion. All indications point to evangelical domination of the press in the years when Luther first became a public figure, when the printed book undoubtedly played a crucial role in the dissemination of the evangelical message, and printing enjoyed a period of exuberant growth. But it is by no means certain that assumptions derived from this German model hold good for other parts of Europe. This article re-examines the German paradigm of book and Reformation in the light of two recent bibliographical projects. The first, a trial survey of publishing outputs throughout Europe, demonstrates that the different regional print cultures that made up the European book world were organized in radically contrasting ways. These structural differences were highly significant from the point of view of assisting or impeding the output of controversial literature. The lessons from this survey are then applied to an individual case study, France, which, it emerges, deviated from the German model in almost every particular. Together these two sets of data force us to call into question the natural affinity between print and Protestantism suggested by the German paradigm.
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Bednarek, Kasper. "Historia „Słowa Polskiego” podczas II wojny światowej". Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe 14 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/kpk.14.2022.14.07.
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THE HISTORY OF SŁOWO POLSKIE DURING SECOND WORLD WAR The article presents the history of one of a few Polish underground newspapers Słowo Polskie, which was issued by National Military Organization (NOW) during German and the second Soviet occupation in Lviv (1943-1946). The publication was based on NOW members’ relations, gathered by Boleslaw Tomaszewski. The author describes the structure of NOW, as well as the places where printing houses and contact points were located.
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Galić, Anđelka, e Antonia Došen. "Sebastian Münster Cosmographia as the renaissance mirror of the world". Geoadria 22, n.º 1 (9 de novembro de 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.1336.
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Cosmographey oder beschreibug aller Länder [...]1, famous work by a German cartographer Sebastian Münster is kept among few cartographic works in the Collection of Printing and Bookbinding of the Museum of Arts and Crafts in Zagreb. After its restoration at the Central Laboratory for Conservation and Restoration of the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb, it was determined by using comparative analysis with other editions that the copy of Münster’s work from the Museum of Arts and Crafts, with the missing title page along with the entire contents of the last, Sixth Book, is in fact the German edition of Cosmographia published in Basel in 1567. The established dating is also verified by applying the method of identifying the volume through determining the sequence of maps printed on double pages which precede the main text and are described in detail and analysed in the enclosed table with the text. Münster’s work is a unique endeavour in the history of printing. The knowledge of the world is presented over a thousand text pages equipped with several hundred woodcut illustrations and dozens of maps covering geography, history, ethnography, anthropology, geology and natural sciences. In this paper, Münster’s work on Dalmatia, Istria and Slavonia are especially highlighted as the basis, as well as an incentive, for further research of content and significance of cartographic presentations of a part of Croatian lands during the Renaissance period.
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Mengel, Swetlana. "About the Russian Translations from Halle and Their Printing. A New Interpretation of Already Known Historical Testimonies and Facts". Palaeobulgarica 47, n.º 3 (23 de outubro de 2023): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.59076/2603-2899.2023.3.11.
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The article deals with the first translations from German into Russian, which appeared in the Waisenhaus print shop in Halle at the beginning of the 18th century. These are two translations and the second edition of the second translation of the Small Catechism by A. H. Franke. The already-known facts, archives and existing statements of the scientists, from the viewpoint of the time of the preparation and printing of the translations in Halle, are checked. New findings are obtained.
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Baeva, Galina A. "THE MULTIMODAL СONTENT OF THE FIRST GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHING MANUALS". German Philology at the St Petersburg State University 12 (2022): 347–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu33.2022.118.
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The information explosion caused by the invention of printing in the middle of the 15th century, the Reformation and Luther’s activities led to the elevation of the German language to the level of “high” languages in which it was possible to teach in German schools in addition to the three sacred languages. For the first time, the German language became not only an object of description, but also an object of instruction in German schools, where, along with the abacus and the basics of the Law of God, they taught reading and writing in their native German. There is a need not only for linguistic comprehension of the German language, but also for its introduction into teaching. The communicative practices presented in the first literacy manuals in German reflect a multimodal process carried out through three main information channels — verbal, prosodic and visual. The article describes the formation of the process of integrating verbal information, focused primarily on the teacher, with prosodic (syllabification, onomatopoeia and sound production, etc.) and non-verbal, visual, information contained in tables, graphics and pictures (taking into account gestures, facial expressions, etc.), designed for the student. The objectives of the article are to describe the functional interaction and the invasive potential of verbal, visual, sound and graphic signs in the process of communication when teaching literacy in German. The content of the analyzed literacy manuals of the 16th–17th centuries, compiled by Valentin Ikelzamer, Fabian Frank, Peter Jordan, Ortolph Fuchsberger, etc., demonstrates the dynamics of the development of this type of text from monomodal verbal manuals, through the inclusion of tables and diagrams in the verbal text to the integrative embedding of a picture (image) in a verbal context and the “centric” inclusion of a staged image, in which the leading role is given to the image, and the verbal part acts as an explanation.
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Veisbergs, Andrejs. "The Translation Scene in Latvia During the German Occupation". Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture 5 (5 de junho de 2015): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/bjellc.05.2015.09.
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The German occupation period in Latvia followed the twenty years of Latvian independence and a year of the Soviet occupation. The shifts in the translation policies at these critical junctions were incredibly fast. The independence period saw a developed translation industry. The source language variety was growing; the variety of literature translated and the quality of translations was broad. The communist system quickly nationalized the publishers, ideologised the system and reshaped the translation pattern. Russian was made the main source language and other languages minimized. The share of ideological literature grew exponentially.
Soon after the German invasion the publishers regained their printing houses and publishing was renewed. During the German occupation around 1500 books were published. Another reorientation occurred, with German literature taking around 70 per cent of the source texts. Most of the other source texts were Nordic. No pulp literature was produced. Translation quality was generally high. The focus was on literary classics, travel literature and biographies (many German musicians). There are few ideologically motivated translations.
The official policies of the regime as regards publishing in Latvia appear to be uncoordinated and vague, with occasional decisions taken by ‘gate-keepers’ in Ostministerium and other authorities according to their own preferences. There was a nominal pre-censorship, but the publishers were expected to know and sense what was acceptable. In their turn the latter played safe sticking to classical and quality translations. Yet the statistics of what was published reflects the general drift. Some high class translations into German of Latvian classics were published.
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Strobach, Berndt. "Hebräischer Buchdruck zwischen Hofjuden-Mäzenatentum und christlicher Zensur Wie die Harzstadt Blankenburg nicht zum jüdischen Publikationsort wurde". Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 60, n.º 3 (2008): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007308784742340.
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AbstractIn a petty German principality around 1700, an influential Court Jew wants a traditional Hebrew commentary published. The printer he commissions moves shop and starts printing, not aware of severe clerical censorship. With part of the job done he has to move to another location hoping for a more liberal policy there. Within the absolutist system the episode highlights the opportunities and the limits of Court Jew's influence, as well as the prince's wavering between the prospect of profiting from a new trade and the fear of risking covert un-Christian propaganda.
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Johnston, Sky Michael. "Printing the Weather: Knowledge, Nature, and Popular Culture in Two Sixteenth-Century German Weather Books". Renaissance Quarterly 73, n.º 2 (2020): 391–440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2020.1.
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This article analyzes two vernacular German books that offered learned guidance for how to use natural observation as a means of gaining knowledge of the weather. Published a combined seventy-seven times throughout the sixteenth century, the “Wetterbüchlein” (Weather booklet) and “Bauern Practica” (Peasants’ practica) were commercially successful and widely circulated. Printers marketed the books as being accessible to anyone and reinforced that claim in the paratextual features of the books. In text and image, these books promoted the idea that even common people could participate in the production of knowledge based on the proper observation of nature.
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Friedhoff, Tim, Cam-Duc Au, Nadine Ladnar, Dirk Stein e Alexander Zureck. "Analysis of Social Acceptance for the Use of Digital Identities". Computers 12, n.º 3 (26 de fevereiro de 2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers12030051.
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According to a study by the German Federal Printing Office (2022), every European lives with 90 digital identities on average, and the trend is rising. The German government has launched the innovation competition “Digital Identities Showcase” to select and promote identity projects for data security and sovereignty. The funding amount is 50 million EUR to develop software, research practical use cases and implement them by 2024. Of course, this large sum presupposes acceptance for the use of such digital identities, especially against the backdrop of critical opinions from the media and society, as already outlined in a Canadian study. However, there is little academic research on blockchain technology, but almost no article on the use of digital identities based on blockchain technology. This paper conducts a quantitative study on the social acceptance of digital identities using a questionnaire-based survey with 324 German participants on the social acceptance of the use of digital identities. The result of the study is that social acceptance of the use of digital identities is significantly influenced by demographics, citizens’ experience with blockchain products, affinity with financial products and privacy concerns.
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Veisbergs, Andrejs. "TRANSLATION POLICIES IN LATVIA DURING THE GERMAN OCCUPATION". Vertimo studijos 7, n.º 7 (5 de abril de 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2014.7.10529.
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The period of German occupation in Latvia came after twenty years of Latvian independence and a year of Soviet occupation. The shifts in the translation policies at these critical junctions were incredibly fast. The independence period was marked by a developed translation industry, a variety of the source languages, a variety of kinds of literature, with a broad scope in the quality of the translations. When the Soviets came, they quickly nationalized the publishers, ideologised the system and reshaped the pattern of what was translated. Russian was made the main source language, and other languages were minimized. The share of ideological literature grew exponentially, reaching one third of all books. Soon after the German invasion, the publishers regained their printing houses and publishing was renewed. The percentage of translations was similar to that of the independence period, with German literature making up 70% of the source texts. Most of the other source texts were Nordic and Estonian. Translation quality of fiction was generally high and the print runs grew. There are surprisingly few ideologically motivated translations. The official policies of the regime as regards publishing in Latvia appear to be uncoordinated and vague, with occasional decisions taken by “gate-keepers” in the Ostministerium and other authorities according to their own preferences. There was a nominal pre-censorship, but the publishers were expected to know and sense what was acceptable. In turn the latter played it safe, sticking to classical and serious works to translate and publish. Some high class translations of Latvian classics into German were also published during the period.
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Eckhart, Pia. "Zeitgeschichte im Druck". Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung: Volume 47, Issue 2 47, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2020): 183–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/zhf.47.2.183.
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Summary Contemporary History in Print Augsburg Chronicle Editions of the 16th Century. A Reflection on the (In–)Stability of Printed Chronicles In late medieval and early modern cities, readers and writers were certainly interested in history and in chronicling contemporary events. Even after the establishment of the printing press in German speaking areas large amounts of local and regional chronicles were written and copied by hand. In contrast, very few non-scholarly, vernacular chronicles were published in print. This fact is usually explained by pointing out the functional differentiation between the handwritten and the printed medium: Chroniclers could easily change, enhance or update texts while copying and compiling as long as they worked in the medium of handwriting. While this is certainly true, printed chronicles deserve more attention. This article explores the connections between the rich tradition of urban chronicles, ongoing practices of chronicling as well as the printed medium and the new sources of information connected with the printed medium in the first half of the 16th century. These complex relations are examined through a group of four printed German chronicles published in Augsburg and subsequently in other cities in more than twenty editions. The paper focuses particularly on the processes of revision and adaptation taking place in Philip Ulhart’s printing shop in Augsburg. Furthermore, the article offers methodological reflections on how to study and compare multiple editions of printed books adequately. The aim is to show why it is necessary to focus not only on their content but also on layout, paratexts and codicological proprieties in order to reveal the textual (un–)fixity of printed chronicles.
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Zhang, Zheng Jian, Yu Tong Han, Yun Zhi Chen e Pan Pan Shen. "Surface Sizing Aided Effect on the Printing Performance of Decorative Base Paper". Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (novembro de 2013): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.95.
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With the development of estate and decoration industry, decorative paper become more and more popular, people's needs and requirements are also increasing. However, compared with imported decorative base paper, domestic decorative base paper have a lot of quality problems. In order to improve the performance of domestic decorative paper, surface sizing was used to improve the printing performance and final product quality of domestic decorative base paper in this study. Starch and styrene-acrylic emulsion (SAE) were used as the surface sizing agents for the surface treatment of decorative base paper by the German SUMET coating machine in this paper. Under the conditions of sizing roll pressure of 250N, sizing speed 9m/min, drying temperature and time of 100°C and 70s respective, the effects of metering roller type (No.40 and No.30) and different ratios of starch and SAE ratio (10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1 and 30:1) on the decorative base paper printing performance were investigated in this paper. The optimal sizing conditions and formulation for decorative base paper were as follows: roll pressure 250N, sizing speed 9m/min, drying temperature and time of 100°C and 70s respective, No.30 metering roll, the ration of starch and SAE 20:1. Under this conditions, printing runnability of decorative base paper such as the tensile strength, smoothness were increase greatly and the pH value reached the national standard, the printability such as the color density, tone reproduction range were improved.
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Law, Esteban. "Humanismus und Wahrheit". Bochumer Philosophisches Jahrbuch für Antike und Mittelalter 24 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bpjam.00073.law.
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Abstract This paper analyses the Verlagsanzeige of the humanist, mathematician, astronomer and publisher Johannes Regiomontanus (1436–1476). How is humanism expressed in this famous document from German early printing and what is its relationship to philosophy? The article shows that Regiomontanus advocated a special form of humanism that went beyond the standard humanism that he valued, with ‘truth’ as its most important aspect. From the epistemological perspective of the history of philosophy in Regiomontanus’s publishing programme, the ‘truth’ of mathematics is seen, analogous to some predecessors, as a paradigm of programmatic testimony. The integration of philosophy is evident in this, as in another specified way as well.
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Andrews, Noam. "Tabula III: Kepler’s Mysterious Polyhedral Model". Journal for the History of Astronomy 48, n.º 3 (agosto de 2017): 281–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828617721545.
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The article addresses the genesis and visualization of the capstone image to Kepler’s polyhedral hypothesis of the planetary intervals from his first major work, Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596). The contention is that the famous Tabula III was directed less by Kepler than it was an initiative spearheaded by Georg Gruppenbach, the printer of Mysterium, and Kepler’s mentor Michael Mäistlin, who sought to produce a marketable broadsheet that would appeal to the contemporary German fashion for illustrations of polyhedral geometry. More generally, the article seeks to redefine the key role played by the printing workshop and the decorative arts in the theory’s inception and ultimate graphic manifestation.
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Nowakowski, Nina. "Gattungsvagabund". Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 139, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2017): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2017-0046.
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Abstract ›Der witzige Landstreicher‹, an early work in print by Hans Folz, is showing features of different literary genres, i. e. narrative, disputation and shrovetide play (Fastnachtspiel). Accordingly, it’s generic affiliation cannot be clearly determined. The generic hybridity of ›Der witzige Landstreicher‹ is amplified by remarkable medial aspects regarding the printing. This text is the first known print from the city of Nuremberg with a typographic dramatic format (Dramensatz), although it is not quite a dramatic text. Thus, this short text particularly makes comprehensible the generic permeability that is representing a characteristic feature of short german rhymed literature (Reimpaardichtung) in the late middle ages.
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Wagner, Ewald. "Ein amharischer Atlas aus Malta". Aethiopica 13 (7 de julho de 2011): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.13.1.52.
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In August 2008 Professor Dr. Hans H. Kaminsky of the Institute of History of the University of Giessen, gave me an Amharic atlas, printed in Malta, which he had bought several years ago, at the Giessen flee-market. The atlas is now in the possession of the Hiob Ludolf Zentrum für Äthiopistik of the Asien-Afrika-Institut, Universität Hamburg. The article places the atlas into the historical context of the educational efforts of German protestant missionaries who worked under the auspices of the Church Missionary Society in Ethiopia, during the first half of the 19th century. It also sheds light on the Society’s printing activities in Malta.
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Kordyzon, Wojciech. "Production of Vernacular Catechisms in Early Modern Königsberg (1545–1575), Its Dynamics and Goals Defined by the Print Agents". Knygotyra 80 (18 de julho de 2023): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.2023.80.127.
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This paper discusses the development of the vernacular catechism as a printed genre. The process is exemplified by the editions published in Königsberg between 1545 and 1575 where the catechisms were printed in several vernacular languages (German, Lithuanian, Polish, Prussian) in printing shops run by Hans Weinreich, Aleksander Aujezdecki, and Hans Daubmann. The paper seeks to analyse the material in terms of linguistic coverage in the Duchy of Prussia and, via analysis of the peritextual elements, how the print agents presented their work to the recipients. The aspects of book design, such as the volume, format, and decorations, are included in the analysis to indicate the intended book prestige and usage.
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Wögerbauer, Michael. "Almanacs, Journals, Privileges? An Essay on the Backbone of the Printing Business Culture in Bohemia in 18th-Century Bohemia". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 63, n.º 3-4 (2019): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amnpsc-2018-0003.
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Based on two intertwined case studies, this essay shows the economic importance of almanacs for Bohemian printing houses under the reign of Maria Theresa (1740–1780). The first case study focuses on the printing house of Sophie Rosenmüller (Kirchner-Klauser) in Prague, which during the 18th century published the only two newspapers in Bohemia, one in German and one in Czech. After her husband’s death (1745), Sophie Rosenmüller asked the Viennese administration for the permission to close the loss-making Cžeský postylion neboližto NOWJNY Cžeské [Bohemian Postilion or Czech Newspaper], which never had more than twelve subscribers per year. But Empress Maria Theresa insisted on the existence of the Czech newspaper. As compensation, she granted Sophie Rosenmüller privileges to publish highly profitable almanacs. In 1771, the empress finally agreed to suspending the paper. The second study deals with the severe impact of Maria Theresa’s religious reforms on provincial printing houses, like the one of Ignaz Hilgartner in the South Bohemian town of Jindřichův Hradec. Thoroughly discussed short-term issues included the reduction of the number of holidays and the fact that they were no longer to be printed in red in almanacs; more severe problems involved the loss of important clients, caused by the disbanding of some secular religious fraternities and foremost the Jesuits, and the end of some important genres, e.g. school dramas with their printed synopsis; the biggest problem was caused by the societalisation of the school system and the printing of textbooks. Due to the lack of a secular literary market (universities, enlightened clientele) in South Bohemia, Hilgartner saw only two possibilities to compensate for these losses: either to move his office to Prague or to assume the privileges of Sophie Rosenmüller (and especially her best-selling almanacs) after her death in 1780. Nevertheless, both possibilities were denied to him.
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Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph. "First treatise containing general experiments on a new method for researching the nature and movement of electrical matter presented at the public meeting of the Royal Society of Sciences on 21 February 1778". Philosophy of Photography 13, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2022): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pop_00037_1.
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This text was first published as ‘De nova methodo naturam ac motum fluidi electrici investigandi’ in Novi Commentarrii Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. Commentationes physicae et mathematicae classis 8 (Göttingen 1778: 168–80). It also appeared in a printing by Joann Christian Dieterich in Göttingen in 1778. Lichtenberg delivered this talk personally to the Royal Society of Sciences in Göttingen on 21 February 1778. Although Lichtenberg was not present, he had already informed the Royal Society of Lichtenberg’s discovery of the electrical figures at a meeting on 3 May 1777. The present German version was first published in Lichtenberg’s Vermischte Schriften, vol. 9 (Physikalische und mathematische Schriften, vol. 4) (Göttingen, 1806) pp. 49–80. Wolgang Promies suggests that the German translation was likely done by Friedrich Christian Kries, who was a co-editor of the Vermischte Schriften and Lichtenberg’s student (see Georg Christoph Lichtenberg [1974], Schriften und Briefe, [ed. Wolfgang Promies (K II: Kommentar zu Band III)], Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag, p. 11). Lichtenberg was the first to propose the use of + and – to designate electricity in this article.
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Martyniuk, O. "HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL BOOK IN GERMANY IN THE VII–XVIIІ CENTURIES". Research Notes, n.º 1 (4 de maio de 2022): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31654/2663-4902-2022-pp-1-116-122.
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The article considers the main stages of formation of school education in Germany in the VII–XVII centuries. There have been highlighted the historical aspects that formed the trends of its development and formed the basis of the modern education system. There has been analyzed a contribution of representatives of German philosophical thought and the influence of their ideas on the process of education and training of the individual. There has been revealed the role of socio-political and economic factors that shaped out the system of German school education in a certain historical period. The types of educational institutions that have been formed over the centuries have been characterized. Also there have been described some curricula, volumes and content of educational work of these institutions. There has been considered a development of printing and book publishing in Germany and the creation of textbooks, manuals and textbooks, in particular. An attempt has been made to find out how, in the 7th and 17th centuries, under the influence of objective circumstances, ideas about the purpose and appearance of school textbooks were formed. It is a well-known fact that the education system is an important factor in the national development of each country. It is formed over the centuries under the influence of many factors. In our opinion, the formation of education in Germany, where development took place under the influence of traditions, religious and humanistic ideas, is worth our interest. These factors have become the basis for the development of modern trends in education. It should be noted that Germany today is a decentralized democracy, which unites 16 federal states and has an extensive education system. In each state the Ministry of Culture is in charge of education. The new educational policy focuses on obtaining quality education by methods of stimulating independent work, selection of educational material, selective approach to the acquisition of knowledge, which promotes the development of logical thinking, intellectual abilities and education of the individual as a whole. There has been formed an extensive system of educational institutions, which takes into account all the needs of the individual and is a single structure from preschool to adult education. Its features have been formed over the centuries.
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Freudenthal, Gad. "Court Jews, Printers, Book Publishing, and the Beginning of the Haskalah in the German Lands: The Life History of the Wulffian Printing Press as a Case-Study". European Journal of Jewish Studies 12, n.º 1 (5 de abril de 2018): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11211040.
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Abstract This article presents the history of a printing press that operated at several places near Berlin during the first half of the eighteenth century, culminating in the epoch-making reprinting of Maimonides’ Guide of the Perplexed in 1742. The press was established in Dessau in 1694 by the court Jew Moses Wulff (1661–1729), and was run by several printers, notably the convert Israel b. Abraham (fl. 1715–1752). Using the trajectory of the Wulff press as a case study, I examine the relations between scholars, patrons of learning (especially court Jews), printers, and book publishing. The inquiry will highlight the considerable role that court Jews played in shaping the Jewish bookshelf, notably by choosing which books (reprints and original) would be funded. Surprisingly perhaps, although court Jews were in continuous contact with the environing culture, they did not usually favor the printing of non-traditional Jewish works that would favor a rapprochement.
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Nurkumalawati, Intan, Eva Achjani Zulfa e Muhammad Syaroni Rofii. "Indonesian Travel Documents and the ICAO Document 9303: Principles, Security, Technology, and Infrastructure". Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum 18, n.º 1 (28 de março de 2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2024.v18.29-48.
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The issuance, printing, production, and distribution standards of Indonesian travel documents refer to international standards of travel documents and the Regulation of Minister of Law and Human Rights. However, significant issues have risen that the Indonesian passport holders without the bearer’s signature who applied for German visa were rejected by the Embassy of Federal Republic of Germany in Jakarta. Besides, the stolen and lost Indonesian Passport policy is fragmented between the Indonesian National Police, Immigration offices and the Interpol. Using the document analysis and policy evaluation, this paper investigates the issuance standards of Indonesian travel documents under the ICAO Document 9303 about Travel Documents and the policy and management of the stolen and lost Indonesian travel documents. This study shows the Indonesian travel documents have not fully complied with the ICAO Doc 9303 in which the bearer’s signature is a compulsory either in the biodata page or in additional pages. Data of stolen and lost Indonesian Passport have not been recorded in the Interpol Stolen and Lost Travel Documents (SLTD) database. We propose the infrastructure of the security, cooperation, and management of the SLTD, and all Indonesian travel documents must be redesigned and equipped with the chip features.
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Efing, Christian. "Kommunikative Anforderungen an Auszubildende in der Industrie". Fachsprache 32, n.º 1-2 (31 de maio de 2017): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v32i1-2.1404.
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Apparently, German secondary schools (Hauptschulen, Realschulen) do not succeed sufficiently in providing their pupils with a basis for vocational training. Especially the linguistic competence at the end of a school career seems to be underdeveloped compared to the necessary communicative skills in vocational education. As the curricula (Bildungsstandards) explicitly admit the responsibility of the German lessons for preparing vocational training, this difference between actual competences and requirements is surprising. To make German lessons in secondary schools more effective in this regard, the real communicative requirements of (industrial) companies have to be analysed, first of all. Thereupon proposals for lessons (or a reorganised curriculum) in secondary schools, that might prepare a vocational training in a better way, can be made. This paper presents the results of such an empirical survey and analysis of communicative requirements in industry. The survey was conducted from May to July 2009 exemplarily at “Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG” (constructor and global market leader of printing units), within the vocational fields of industrial mechanics, mechatronics fitters, electronics technicians and design draughtsmen. The focus of the analysis will be on the prototypical types of text and of discourse, vocational trainees have to deal with regularly within their first two years of vocational training; then the necessary competences to master these requirements will be discussed. In conclusion, we will present possible didactical consequences of the analysis of the collected data in industry.
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Bagel, Ida, e Michael Troege. "Family Firms versus Private Equity: A struggle of business models? The example of the German printing industry". Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles Novembre 2019, n.º 4 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rindu1.194.0064.
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Milsom, John. "Early Music Printing in German-Speaking Lands. Ed. by Andrea Lindmayr-Brandl, Elisabeth Giselbrecht, and Grantley McDonald". Library 20, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2019): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/20.3.404.
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Sheridan-Quantz, Edel. "“Our publications are available worldwide”". Chimera 26, n.º 2012/2013 (11 de setembro de 2013): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/chimera.26.6.
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In the second half of the 19th century, printing was an important sector in the North German city of Hannover. The city was the world leader in the industrial production of account books; the product itself had been invented there. It is all the more surprising that the fourth-largest printing works in the city in the 1920s should have been almost entirely forgotten by the early 21st century. As a Jewish-owned firm, the family business of A. Molling & Comp. had been forced to sell during the Nazi dictatorship and its owners emigrated in the late 1930s. In the absence of the more obvious sources such as company records, much of the history of the firm could only be traced through its products. Unusually for Hannover, as well as printing colour advertising and packaging for many well-known companies, Molling had specialised in children’s picture books, which were marketed worldwide. Editions of their books were sold as far afield as Indonesia, Estonia, South America and the USA. This article presents a brief account of the firm, highlighting the analysis of surviving products to trace the ramifications of Molling’s international contacts, including work for world-famous companies such as Raphael Tuck of London. The study is of interest to historical geographers, economic and urban historians and book historians. The research fills a gap not only in the specific, local historical geography of Hannover, but also in our knowledge of aspects of globalisation in the early twentieth century.