Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Génétiques des tumeurs"
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Chauveinc, Laurent. "Etudes génétiques des tumeurs radio-induites". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T040.
Texto completo da fonteRadiation induced tumors are a possible very late complications of radiotherapy. Many epidemiologist studies exists, with the evaluation of the relative risk for different tissues. But, the genetic studies are rare, and no global theory exists. With the published cases, two profiles existed, one with translocations and one with genetic material losses, evoking two different genetic evolutions. In this work, a few ways to explain the chromosomic evolution of the radiation-induced tumors were explored. In the fust part, with study of the age and the latency period of second tumor after retinoblastomas, two or more genes were modified by the irradiation. With 12 cytogenetic cases, analyzed in the laboratory, and the 25 cases of the literature, the radiation-induced tumors were characterized by genetic material losses. A anti-oncogenic evolution is probable. Only thyroid tumors did not have this evolution. The mechanism of the chromosomic material losses could be the chromosomic instability. The telomere length decreasing is a possible explanation of these phenomena. In our preliminary results, the telomere length of radiation-induced tumor did not decrease comparing to normal human cells, suggesting that telomerase activity stabilized this length
Azzouzi, Abdel-Rahmène. "Facteurs de risque génétiques des tumeurs prostatiques". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA11TO34.
Texto completo da fonteBarault, Ludovic. "Altérations génétiques et épigénétiques dans le cancer colique sporadique". Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS025.
Texto completo da fonteCancer cells are often the result of alterations in signalling pathways implicated in cell survival or apoptosis. We successfully demonstrated in a population base of 586 colon adenocarcinomas, followed by the cancer registry of Burgundy, that activating mutation of at least one of the three genes from the MAPK signalling pathway (KRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA) was associated with a lower survival in patients bearing a tumour without microsatellite instability. In a second study, DNA Methylation, an epigenetic alteration, was evaluated in the population base (characterization of the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype). Three subgroups of methylation phenotype were identified (No-CIMP, CIMP-Low, and CIMP-High). The clinico-pathological features of cancers with MSS/No-CIMP and MSS/CIMP-Low were quite similar, but they affected survival to different degrees. The higher the level of methylation, the poorer the survival. Our work clearly showed the prognostic effect of methylation in MSS patients and the need to distinguish between the 3 groups of CIMP. These studies are all the more important since the recent use of “targeted therapies” against proteins from the signal transduction system have recently been used in cancer treatment. The identification of activating mechanisms of signalling pathways and the characterisation of epigenetic alterations involved in colon cancer are fundamental to the understanding of the molecular factors involved in colorectal cancer. Knowledge of these will have an impact on patient response and follow-up
Gad, Sophie. "Etude des prédispositions génétiques aux cancers du sein et de l'ovaire : recherche d'altérations de grande taille des gènes BRCA1 et BRCA2, recherche de facteurs génétiques modificateurs du risque de cancer de l'ovaire chez des femmes porteuses d'une mutation de BRCA1". Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N028.
Texto completo da fonteGoutagny, Stéphane. "Identification des altérations génétiques impliquées dans la tumorigénèse méningée chez l'homme". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077131.
Texto completo da fonteMeningiomas are the most common central nervous System tumours in the population of age 35 and older. World Health Organization defines 3 grades, predictive of the risk of recurrence. Grade 1 meningiomas account for 75-80% of cases and are slow growing benign tumours. Twenty to thirty percent are grade II, with a higher risk if recurrence. Grade III account for 2-3% of meningiomas and are associated with shorter survival. The mainstay of treatment is surgical resection, and radiotherapy in selected cases. No efficient chemotherapy is available to date. The main predisposing factor is Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). About half NF2 patients harbour meningiomas, often multiple. About 2/3 of sporadic meningiomas display somatic biallelic inactivation of the NF2 tumour suppressor gene. For 1/3 of meningiomas the gene(s) involved in initiation of tumorigenesis remain unknown. The aims of this thesis were: to identify genetic events associated with meningioma malignant progression and to identify alternative pathways involved in the initiation of meningiomas tumorigenesis. We identified genetic alterations associated with histological progression of 36 paired meningioma samples in 18 patients using 500K SNP genotyping arrays and NF2 gene sequencing. Chromosome alterations acquired during progression from grade I to grade II meningioma were not recurrent. Progression to grade III was characterized by recurrent genomic alterations, the most frequent being CDKN2A/2B locus loss on 9p. Of note, the most frequent chromosome alterations observed in progressing meningioma samples are early alterations, i. E. Present both in lower and higher-grade samples of a single patient. Meningiomas displayed different patterns of genetic alterations during progression according to their NF2 status: NF2-mutated meningiomas are associated with higher chromosome instability during progression than NF2-non-mutated meningiomas, which show very few imbalanced chromosome segments. No gene or molecular pathway could be identified in initiation of meningioma tumorigenesis, but robust bioinformatic data were acquired and will be analyzed. This pattern of alterations could thus be used; as markers in clinical practice to identify tumours prone to progress among grade 1 meningiomas. Prospective validation of these prognostic criteria is a prerequisite to their clinical application
Galiana-Coudray, Corinne. "Recherche d'altérations génétiques dans les tumeurs d'oesophage : rôle éventuel des oncogènes Ras". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T113.
Texto completo da fonteAndujar, Pascal. "Altérations génétiques des tumeurs respiratoires humaines et murines après exposition à des fibres minérales". Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0030.
Texto completo da fonteRésumé en anglais non communiqué
Bounacer, Ali. "Altérations génétiques dans les tumeurs de la thyroïde survenues à la suite d'une irradiation thérapeutique". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T044.
Texto completo da fonteCosta, Lionel. "Facteur de transcription USF1 et systèmes de réparation des dommages à l'ADN au cours de la réponse de l'hôte à l'infection par Helicobacter pylori". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC150/document.
Texto completo da fonteHelicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that infects 50% of the worlds population. H. pylori is the only bacterium known to be a class 1 carcinogenic agent, and represents the major risk factor in the development of gastric cancer. The genotoxic activity of H. pylori plays an essential role in the promotion of gastric cancer. Furthermore, H. pylori favours the proteasomal degradation of p53, a central regulator of the DNA damage response. H. pylori induces DNA hypermethylation in the promoter region of two genes encoding transcription factors, Upstream Stimulating Factors USF1 and USF2, inhibiting their expression. USF1 regulates the level of p53 and the components of the nucleotide excision DNA repair (NER) system. Moreover, in response to genotoxic stress, USF1 binds to p53 and inhibits its proteasomal degradation. My thesis project aims to elucidate the mechanisms leading to the development of gastric cancer due to H. pylori infection. This work will address the consequences of USF1 depletion during this infection, focusing on the impact on i) p53, its isoforms, and the DNA damage and repair response, and ii) the gastric carcinogenesis process. To facilitate this investigation, I have developed complementary approaches, using epithelial gastric cells for in vitro studies, and a USF1-/- mouse model for in vivo analyses. My results show a concomitant decrease in the nuclear levels of USF1 and p53, combined with a cytoplasmic delocalisation of USF1 in cells infected by H. pylori. This deregulation is accompanied by the inhibited expression of genes targeted by USF1 and p53, implicated in the DNA damage and repair response. Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) experiments show that H. pylori alters the response of cells to genotoxic stress by inhibiting the interaction between USF1 and p53 in the nucleus following treatment with camptothecin. In parallel, H. pylori also induces the transcription of p53 isoforms. My results suggest that USF1 is a negative transcriptional regulator of the expression of these isoforms. In vivo, the absence of USF1 in USF1-/- mice exacerbates inflammation and accelerates the severity of the gastric lesions, leading to the presence of dysplasia at 9 months post-infection. These results are in agreement with the weak USF1 expression levels observed in patients with gastric cancer, which is associated with worse prognoses. In conclusion, the results obtained show the essential role played by USF1 during H. pylori infection, in the maintenance of the tumour suppressor p53 and the genetic stability of host cells. They confirm USF1 as a tumour suppressor. Finally, these findings describe not only the novel strategy by which H. pylori infection favours gastric cancerogenesis, but could also be of clinical significance, as USF1 is promising as a candidate biomarker of gastric cancer
Meunier, Katy. "Influence du statut MSI et des principales altérations génétiques des cancers coliques sur l’évolution tumorale métastatique naturelle et après chirurgie". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066332.
Texto completo da fonteThe first aim was to investigate the influence of mutations characteristics of tumours displaying microsatellite instability (MSI), due to mismatch repair system (MMR) deficiency, in tumour invasion and metastatic potential. For this purpose, we set up a model of orthotopic xenograft in NOD/SCID mice using the human MSI colon cancer cell line HCT116, deficient in MLH1, a key MMR actor and its isogenic cell line obtained by transfecting a wild type MLH1 cDNA expression vector. Subcutaneous tumours were first established in mice; then, tumours were grafted onto the caecum and either left in situ to evaluate the natural evolution, or resected to assess clinical outcome after surgery. Our observations show that the expression of MLH1 improves clinical outcome of mice who underwent a curative surgical resection or when tumours were left in situ. The second objective was to compare the molecular characteristics of colon cancer with liver metastases and/or peritoneal carcinomatosis in a prospective multicentre study. Genome regions with copy number variations were identified by comparing DNA isolated from normal tissues and the different tumour sites using pan-genomic "HumanCNV370" chips. The level of genomic alterations in primary tumours is not indicative of evolution, and carcinomatosis as metastases may differ from each other and from the primary tumour. The intra-individual tumour heterogeneity has important consequences in clinics. Identifying a molecular signature in the primary tumour able to predict evolution, and defining the molecular characteristics of metastasis, should help clinicians to improve the therapeutic management of patients with colon cancer in the future
Alarcon, Flora. "Estimation des risques de maladies dues à des mutations génétiques à partir de données familiales". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T050.
Texto completo da fontePallier, Karine. "Associations d'altérations génétiques et liens de coopérations oncogénique dans les cancers broncho-pulmonaires non à petites cellules". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T058.
Texto completo da fonteBessière, Laurianne. "Exploration génomique et fonctionnelle des tumeurs des cellules de la granulosa ovarienne". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC308.
Texto completo da fonteFemale gametes consist of an oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells. These can form ovarial granulosa cells tumors (GCT). Two types of tumors are described: the adult form (95% of cases AGCT) or juvenile (JGCT). The AGCTs feature a FOXL2 mutation p. C134W, found in 95% o cases; no genetic marker is set for JGCTs. My PhD work was divided into two areas, according to the two types of tumors. The first was th search for a common genetic marker to JGCTs. We used a global approach to characterize th tumors and candidate genes approach, oriented towards the PI3K / AKT / mTOR pathway. W identified duplications in phase in the AKT1 protein in 60% of our samples. We they characterized the mutant proteins of AKT1: they are enriched in the membrane, under hyper phosphorylated and hyper-active form and give cells a shaggy membrane phenotype. We have also found point mutations, different from one tumor to another. The activity of these mutation remains to be characterized, as it is unclear why the found duplications are specific JGCTs. The second focus of the work was to better understand the mechanisms of action of the C134V mutation FOXL2. We have created a cell- tool containing a copy of our gene of interest unde wild or mutated form, at a specific and unchanging locus. The objective is to determine if tht mutation C134W influences the binding of the protein to DNA or affect the interaction witl partners
Cauchi, Stéphane. "Etude des polymorphismes génétiques du récepteur aux hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques (AHR) et de son répresseur (AHRR) : relation avec l'inductibilité du CYP1A1 et le cancer pulmonaire". Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N030.
Texto completo da fontePolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) found in cigarette smoke play a key role in the appearance of the lung cancer at the smokers. Cytochrome P-4501A1, metabolizes these HPA like benzo(a)pyrene in reactive and mutagen compounds. The CYP1A1 is inductible by the HPA and others compounds like dioxine. This inductibility is itself variable and largely dependent on the receptor Ah (AhR). The AhR is partially responsible for a polymorphic expression of the CYP1A1 and thus could be an important factor in carcinogenicity. We investigated the genetic polymorphisms of the AhR gene in a case-control study of lung cancer. Two new polymorphisms were found, none of them were found to play a key role. . .
Mailly, Laurent. "Développement, par modifications génétiques de la fibre, de vecteurs adénoviraux ciblant les lymphocytes B". Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S005.
Texto completo da fonteHu, Hui-Han. "Genetic risk factors for cutaneous melanoma : a work focusing on genes implicated in skin pigmentation and Parkinson's disease". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077142.
Texto completo da fonteAs melanoma is a multifactorial disease, a part of this work was to list out the major risk factors including environmental, phenotypic, and genetic factors. Genetic factors, according to the force of susceptibility they confer, are classified as high-risk genes with high penetrance (CDKN2A, CDK4, and BAP1), intermediate genetic risk factors (MC1R and MITF), and low penetrance alleles (TYR, ASIP, and etc. ). In addition, we summarized the epidemiological studies showing an association between Parkinson's disease and melanoma. The studies of some pigmentation genes confirmed the involvement of common genetic variants in predisposition to melanoma and identified many rare variants in thé TYR, MC1R, and KIT gene in a large French population, as well as other populations from southern Europe (Spain and Italy). We demonstrate a common genetic pathway between Parkinson's disease and melanoma. Germline inactivation of a susceptibility gene to Parkinson's disease, PARK2, significantly increased the risk of melanoma. Inactivation of PARK2 was present in more than 50% of melanoma cell lines or primary tumors. Finally, transfection of PARK2 cDNA in several melanoma cell lines resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation. In conclusion these results may help to identify patients at high risk of melanoma, who should be provided by a reinforced dermatological surveillance to improve and better target screening for melanoma
Masliah-Planchon, Julien. "Complexe SWI/SNF et cancer _ Altérations génétiques et anomalies métaboliques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS112/document.
Texto completo da fonteNearly 20 years ago, the demonstration of truncated bi-allelic mutations in the SMARCB1 gene in rhabdoid tumors established the first demonstration of alterations in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in oncology. Since then, the advent of high-throughput molecular analysis techniques applied to oncology has shown that alterations in other genes of the SWI/SNF complex are present in a wide variety of cancers. Through the presentation of several types of SWI/SNF deficient tumors and our models of rhabdoid tumors, we show that the loss of SMARCB1 is associated with an increase of the serine biosynthesis pathway and the downstream metabolic pathways important for oncogenesis.These results could lead to a therapeutic option for rhabdoid tumors or, more generally, for other models of SWI/SNF-deficient tumors. Finally, the prospect of these metabolic changes with the epigenetic alterations observed in SWI / SNF deficient tumors may be relevant to continue to deepen our knowledge of these tumors
Bluteau, Olivier. "Recherche de gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs impliqués dans la carcinogenèse hépatique humaine". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077027.
Texto completo da fonteCheng, Jin Quan. "Isolement et caractérisation de l'oncogène humain AKT2, codant pour une protéine kinase. : Modifications génétiques dans le cancer du poumon et le mésothéliome malin". Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132046.
Texto completo da fonteCouchy, Gabrielle. "Amélioration de la classification moléculaire des tumeurs hépatocellulaires bénignes : vers la mise en place d’outils diagnostiques". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP032.
Texto completo da fonteHepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign tumors defined according to the presence of inactivating mutations of HNF1A, activating mutations of the CTNNB1 and IL6/JAK/STAT pathway activation. However, a small number of HCA remain without specific characteristics. We aim to refine the molecular classification of HCA and identify potential associations with the clinical and molecular characteristics of each subgroup of HCA. For this purpose, we collected of 533 HCA of 411 patients. We sequenced the 10 genes known to be mutated in HCA, and we analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR the expression of 20 genes significantly deregulated in the differents moleculars groups of HCA, allowing us to classify HCA according to their genetic and molecular alterations. However, 11% of HCA remained unclassified (U_HCA). In order to identify the genetic and molecular alterations involved in the tumorigenesis of these U_HCA, we analyzed the RNAseq profiles and compared the expression profiles of 4 normal livers and 36 adenomas from differents moleculars groups. A microdeletion of the INHBE gene leading to the formation of a gene fusion between the INHBE gene and exons 2 and 4 of the GLI1 gene, a transcription factor of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway (Hh), has been identified. In addition, the GSEA study, showed an enrichment of the Hh pathway genes in half of the U_HCA analized. We therefore identified a new subgroup of AHC (sh_HCA, 4%), characterized by the activation of the Hh pathway characterized to the presence of an INHBE-GLI1 gene fusion. The comparison of the histological, clinical and molecular characteristics of each of the HCA subgroup allowed us to refine our knowledge of the risk factors, clinical and histological characteristics related to each molecular group. We showed that the new sh_HCA adenoma subgroup was associated with a higher risk of histological and clinical bleeding. A proteomic study of HCA proposed ASS1 as a marker for HCA at high risk of bleeding. Interestingly, a study on hepatic metabolic zonation showed that ASS1 is a marker of the periportal zone of the hepatic lobule. We therefore sought to evaluate the importance of the level of expression of the ASS1 in the molecular classification of HCA and its involvement following the activation of the Hh pathway. In our series of HCA, we showed that the expression of ASS1 belonged to the periportal expression program that was maintained in sh_HCA while in the other subtypes of HCA, it was under-expressed. In addition, in contrast to sh_HCA, we identified the activation of the perivenous program in b_HCA with Wnt/ β-catenin activation. We performed a functional study by transfecting cell lines either by inhibiting the expression of the GLI1 gene. Inhibition by siRNA of GLI1 gene expression in cell lines induces negative regulation of the ASS1 gene. This study shows the importance of the molecular classification of HCA. Indeed, the improvement of this classification allowed the identification of a new subgroup of HCA, the sh_HCA, adenomas presenting a hemorrhagic risk. These findings highlight for the first time the involvement of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway in benign liver tumorigenesis and hepatic zonation in humans. Finally, this new classification could be useful in clinical practice to customize treatement to individual patients based on the molecular characteristics of the tumors
Mourra, Najat. "Analyse des paramètres génétiques de la survenue de métastases hépatiques dans les cancers rectocoliques". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20695.
Texto completo da fonteThe metabolic syndrome includes a constellation of interrelated factors of metabolic origin which are associated with increased risk cardiovascular disease: insulin-resistance, high glucose, hypertriglyceridemia, high blood pressure and overweight/obesity. The human intervention study LIPGENE was led in a multicentric cohort of 486 volunteers with metabolic syndrome defined by the NCEP-ATPIII criteria. The principal aim is to determine the relative efficacy of reducing dietary SFA consumption, by altering the quality and the quantity of dietary fat, on multiple metabolic and molecular risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: high-SFA, high-MUFA and two low-fat diets, one supplemented with long chain n-3 PUFA for 12 weeks. Volunteers from eight centres across Europe completed the dietary intervention. Results indicated that compositional targets were largely achieved. A robust, flexible food exchange model was developed and implemented successfully in the LIPGENE pan European intervention study. After the nutritional intervention we observed that the habitual dietary fat composition had a profound effect on markers of insulin sensitivity. We found a hypotriglyceridemic effect of the low fat high carbohydrate diet supplemented with long chain n-3 PUFA. The lipidic profiles of the volunteers were affected by the low fat-high carbohydrate diets. Inflammatory, oxidative stress and fibrinolysis markers were not changed after the nutritional intervention. Ancillary studies were conducted in a Mediterranean sub-cohort. One of them concerned the quantification of circulating microparticles to assess the endothelial dysfunction. We showed that increased levels of various types of microparticles were associated with the mild metabolic abnormalities of MetS and with oxidative stress
Boige, Valérie. "Impact des polymorphismes constitutionnels et des altérations génétiques somatiques sur l'efficacité et la toxicité des chimiothérapies anti-tumorales dans le cancer colorectal". Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05S003.
Texto completo da fonteGinolhac, Sophie. "Facteurs génétiques modificateurs du risque de cancer du sein et de l'ovaire chez les femmes porteuses d'une mutation constitutionnelle des gènes BRCA1 ou BRCA 2". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T149.
Texto completo da fonteRenault, Anne-Laure. "Identification de facteurs génétiques modifiant le risque de cancer chez les porteuses d'une mutation constitutionnelle d'ATM & profil tumoral des tumeurs du sein associées à une perte de fonction d'ATM". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS389/document.
Texto completo da fonteInherited biallelic mutations in the ATM gene cause Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T), a multisystemic disorder characterized by neurological, cutaneous and immunological abnormalities. The disease is associated with an elevated risk of malignancies, particularly of lymphoma or leukemia, and a high radiosensitivity. Epidemiological studies have shown that female heterozygote carriers (HetAT) younger than 50 years are at increased risk of breast cancer, as compared to women from the general population (RR 4,94, 95%CI 1,90 - 12,09). Despite the rarity of A-T disease, 0.5 to 1% of the population is estimated to be HetAT. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that some specific truncating or missense variants in ATM are associated with increased breast cancer risk but this risk is not yet well estimated. The first part of my thesis project has consisted in characterizing inherited genetic factors modifying cancer risk in women participating in the prospective cohort CoF-AT (“cohorte de femmes apparentées à un enfant atteint d’A-T). In the second part of my work, I described the morphological and molecular features of ATM breast tumours with the aim to identify biomarkers allowing to distinguished ATM-associated tumours from sporadic tumours.Assessment of the contribution of inherited factors such as SNPs of telomere length on the risk of cancer was performed on 284 HetAT individuals and 174 non-HetAT individuals belonging to 103 A-T families. We showed that HetAT individuals have longer telomeres than their non-HetAT counterparts (p=0.0008). However, we found that telomere length was not associated with cancer risk in our study population. The SNP rs9257445 (ZNF311), which is associated with telomere length in HetAT participants, was not associated with cancer risk. Conversely, SNPs rs6060627 (BCL2L1) and rs2380205 (ANKRD16) modified cancer risk in HetAT and non-HetAT women.Pathology review of 41 ATM-associated breast tumours revealed that these tumours mostly belonged to luminal B molecular subtype. The molecular characterization of 23 ATM-associated tumours did not revealed the BRCAness profile associated with Large-Scale State Transitions. However, we found that ATM tumours were mostly tetraploïd and observed loss of heterozygosity at 11q22-23 in the majority of the tumours and loss of ATM wild type allele. Moreover, copy number losses at loci 13q14.11-q14.3, 21p11.2-p11.1 and 22q11.23 appeared to be specific of ATM tumours.Altogether, this project allowed to better characterize the genetic background of the CoF-AT participants and to highlight biomarkers of ATM breast tumours
Ayme, Aurélie. "Prédispositions génétiques au cancer du sein et de l'ovaire dans la population suisse entre 1996 et 2009 : bilan de l'activité oncogénétique et du dépistage de mutations constitutionnelles dans les gènes BRCA1/BRCA2". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5081.
Texto completo da fonteGenetic predispositions are responsible for 5 to 10 % of all breast and ovarian cancers. The main breast/ovarian cancer predisposing genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2. For some years, the screening of pathogenic mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes is provided in a clinical setting. At the Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG, Geneva, Switzerland), a consultation in predictive oncology has been set up since 1994 for individuals concerned by the evaluation of their familial cancer risk and the probability to carry a genetic predisposition to cancer. Until 2009, the single national laboratory for BRCA1/BRCA2 testing was established in the HUG. The objectives of this work were to evaluate different aspects of the consultation process for breast/ovarian cancer predisposition syndromes provided in our Unit and to review all BRCA1/BRCA2 complete screenings (n=1’163) performed between 1996 and 2009. Results of the present study will certainly influence future activity in predictive oncology, particularly regarding the role of the genetic counselor
Grandval, Philippe. "Caractérisation des variations génétiques constitutionnelles de signification inconnue dans le syndrome de Lynch". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5004/document.
Texto completo da fonteLynch syndrome is a frequent cancer predisposition with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and caused by heterozygous germ line mutations in one of the major DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6). For 20 years, the French laboratories network involved in Lynch syndrome identified a total of 6687 variations. Among them, 707, mainly missense variations, remained variants of uncertain significance (VUS), thus could not be used for reliable genetic counseling. The aim of our study was to develop an algorithm able to classify VUS, according to the international consensus (IARC). This algorithm was constructed based on criteria usually required for genetic characterization such as in silico analysis, phenotypical data (segregation, Amsterdam criteria's), MMR status in tumor cells, functional assays, splicing analyses and published data. Data were registered in the French database. As a result of this work, we were able to classify 370 variants of the 707 (52,3%). As part of this work, we also analyzed phenotypical data of patients with Lynch syndrome and showed that breast cancer can definitively be excluded from the spectrum of Lynch-related cancers, and that EPCAM mutations, which may lead to Lynch syndrome, are associated with a very low incidence of endometrial cancer and have probably to be considered as an allelic disease with specific clinical recommendations
Labit-Bouvier, Corinne. "Marqueurs moléculaires diagnostiques et pronostiques des tumeurs neuroépithéliales". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20691.
Texto completo da fonteMartinez, Emmanuelle. "Altérations génétiques au sein de la séquence nucléotidique des VNTR de la lipase sels biliaires-dépendante : relation avec le cancer du pancréas". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5053.
Texto completo da fontePancreatic cancer is a devastating disease progressing asymptomatically until death within months after diagnosis. In this context, it is necessary to identify new specific markers to develop diagnostic tools and to target an at risk population. The aim of our study was to find a "genetic" marker in the bile salt-dependant lipase gene (BSDL). The human BSDL gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 9 in 9q34.3 with a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the coding region of exon 11. The electropherograms obtained after Sanger sequencing analysis of gDNA amplified from pancreatic cancer tissue samples allowed us to highlight: (i) the presence of a SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) involved in c.1719C>T transition which is referenced rs488087. rs488087 seems to be associated with the sporadic pancreatic cancer development and may be a predictive factor of pancreatic cancer for targeting an at risk population, (ii) the presence of a C nucleotide insertion leading to a premature stop codon with truncated protein and to the modification of the C-terminal sequence end. This new C-terminal sequence, alteration could be used as a potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic marker. Finally, these two genetic alterations identified in BSDL gene could constitute potential markers of pancreatic cancer
Devouassoux, Shisheboran Mojgan. "Analyse génétique des tumeurs germinales : recherche d'instabilité génétique et caractéristiques génotypiques". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T132.
Texto completo da fonteSimoneau, Maryse. "Analyse génétique des tumeurs superficielles da la vessie". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/NQ39395.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMeng, Xiangyu. "Insights in bladder cancer molecular biology and etiology through signature analysis of somatic mutations and functional annotation of genetic associations". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASL051.
Texto completo da fonteBladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancy (the 4th in males). It is of significant heterogeneity and high somatic mutation burden. A better understanding of its molecular biology and etiology should lead to improvement of its prevention and clinical management.This thesis involves a series of efforts in advancing our understanding of BCa molecular biology and etiology, through two approaches: 1) somatic mutation signature analysis, which offers insights in the etiology of frequent mutations in oncogenes (OG) and tumor suppressor genes (TSG) and in the discovery of new translational candidates; 2) functional annotation of genetic associations, which enables translation from variants to insights through prioritization of the genes and pathways associated with stronger or joint genetic effects. Following a description of the background and objectives, the major findings of this thesis are organized in five independent and inter-correlated investigation reports. In the first report, mutation signature analysis in whole-exome sequenced BCa tumors demonstrated that the APOBEC-mediated deamination, the primary mutagenic source of BCa mutations, represented a key etiologic factor of the prominently high prevalence of S249C substitution across all mutations in FGFR3, one of the most important BCa oncogenes. In the second report, extended exome-wide analyses enabled systematic identification of APOBEC-induced hotspot mutations, including those in OGs and TSGs, plus estimation of the ‘driverness' or ‘passengerness' for those of undetermined functional relevance. The role of a predicted new driver, AHR Q383H, was validated computationally and functionally. In the third report, a number of APOBEC-associated frequent non-coding mutations were identified in whole-genome sequenced BCa tumors, including the TERT promoter mutations, the most prevalent non-coding driver mutations in BCa. It was further shown that APOBEC-related frequent coding and non-coding mutations could be potential biomarkers for estimation of APOBEC-related mutation burden and prediction of immunotherapy outcome in BCa. In the fourth report, a reminiscent variant of the tobacco-smoking induced reference mutation signature was identified in BCa tumors. It was associated with LumU molecular subtype, enhanced cell proliferation, suppressed immune signaling, loss of urothelial and gain of squamous differentiation defined molecularly, and poor treatment response and prognosis. A link between smoking and complex genomic instability features was also noted, likely responsible for treatment resistance and poor prognosis in smokers. In the last report, a functional annotation of BCa GWAS associations by integration of gene-rankings of multiple approaches followed by gene-set enrichment analysis identified novel genes likely playing a role in BCa development, and uncovered interesting convergences between germline variants and somatic alterations on both gene- and pathway-levels.In summary, the works presented in this thesis provide important new findings regarding the significance and relevance of the primary endogenous and exogenous factors, namely the APOBEC-mediated deamination and tobacco-smoking, so as the genetic makeup, in BCa molecular biology and etiology. A unified systems framework based on the elucidation of the complex interplays between these factors and their consequences should be the future direction of investigation
Maire, Georges. "Caractérisation génétique d'une tumeur dermique : le dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4004.
Texto completo da fonteDermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DP) is a rare slow-growing infiltrating dermal neoplasm of intermediate malignancy. At the cytogenetic level, DP cells are characterized by either supernumerary ring chromosomes or t(17;22) that are most often unbalanced. Both the rings and linear der(22) contain a specific fusion of COL1A1 with PDGFB. Whereas rings have been mainly observed in adults, translocations have been reported in all paediatric cases. DP is therefore a unique example of tumor in which (i) the same molecular event occurs either on rings or linear translocation derivatives, and (ii) the chromosomal abnormalities display an age-related pattern. In all DP cases that underwent molecular investigations, the breakpoint localization in PDGFB was found to be remarkably constant in exon 2. In contrast, the COL1A1 breakpoint was found to be variably located within the exons of the alpha-helical coding region (exons 6-49)/ No preferential COL1A breakpoint and no correlation between the breakpoint location and the age of the patient or any clinical or histological particularity have been described. Congenital case as well as paediatric or adult case presented all the same COL1A1-PDGFB rearrangement. The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion is detectable by multiplex RT-PCR or dual colour FISH experiment adapted to fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. In approximately 13 % of DP cases, the COL1A1-PDGFB fusion is not found, suggesting that genes other than COL1A1 or PDGFB might be involved in a subset of cases. We identified a DP without the COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene. We observed a t(5;8) where PTK2B gene was found rearranged. In addition, we detected a high level of PDGFRB transcription in the case
Danguiat, Germain-Constant. "Génétique du néphroblastome : à propos d'un cas bilatéral sporadique". Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M060.
Texto completo da fonteBaudry, Dominique. "Caractérisation des évenements génétiques impliqués dans la tumorigénèse du néphroblastome". Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N061.
Texto completo da fonteWilm's tumour (WT) or nephroblastoma is the most frequent cancer of kidney in children (1/10000 births). This tumour is overall of good pronostic. However, 20 to 25% of the tumours resist and relapse without any predictive factor explaining this bad outcome. The only cloned gene, clearly implicated in the tumorigenesis of the nephroblastoma is WT1. The purpose of the work carried out during my thesis was (1) to searchnew genes, particularly those located on the chromosome 16 ; (2) to determine, more clearly, the role of WT1 in the tumorigenesis of WT. The study of chromosome 16 allowed us to highlight the 10% frequency of 16q LOH and the implication of two cadherin genes (E and KSP) wich are down-expressed
Jacob, Arthur. "Apport du séquençage d'exome pour le diagnostic et le traitement des maladies complexes". Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S011.
Texto completo da fonteSince the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2001, the field of genomicshas grown exponentially, in large part due to the introduction of Next GenerationSequencing (NGS). This technique has revolutionized the investigation methods ofgenetic diseases, allowing high-throughput genome-wide sequencing to establish thegenetic basis of diseases. The increasing accessibility of these technologies allowsthe development of precision medicine, based on the specific care of each patientaccording to his genetic profile. Sequencing can be used for the diagnosis ofdiseases, the search for genetic predispositions to a disease, or for the therapeuticchoice, in particular in oncology. Exome sequencing (WES), in particular, offers aneffective method for studying diseases, since exonic regions represent 2% of theentire genome, but can contain up to 85% of functional variants responsible fordiseases. However, the genetic analysis of patients in a clinical setting is mainly carried out by the targeted sequencing of panels of a few genes chosen according tothe clinical context. The work carried out during this CIFRE thesis in partnership withthe company Prenostics was to develop relevant WES analyzes to characterize thegenetic profile of patients with rare genetic diseases and cancers. The objective wasto assess their contribution to the diagnosis and establishment of personalizedtreatment strategies in three distinct contexts of clinical practice, by comparing it tothe conventional approach of panel sequencing.- In the field of pediatric genetic diseases, molecular diagnosis by conventionalmethods only reaches 25%, leaving the majority of families without precise geneticcounseling. Our WES analysis of a cohort of 26 children with genetic diseases notdiagnosed by conventional genetic analyzes, our WES approach resulted in apositive diagnosis in 35% of cases.- About 5 to 10% of breast cancers are hereditary, but more than half of them are notelucidated by the genes at risk of breast cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, etc.) thatare included in conventional panel sequencing. By analyzing the exome of fourfamilies, we attempted to identify the genes involved in familial cases non-mutatedfor the known BRCA1 / BRCA2 genes (BRCAx families). After filtering the riskvariants transmitted among affected limbs, we identified the candidate genesHIST1H1C, TYRO3, TPH1, SLC12A3 and CCNF as possible genes of predispositionto breast cancer. However, without in-depth functional studies to validate theirinvolvement, WES does not seem to provide any benefit for patient management.- Finally, in the field of oncology, the personalization of treatment is at the center ofcurrent issues. Our study of a cohort of 35 refractory solid tumors aimed atdemonstrating the feasibility and efficacy of WES for characterizing the geneticprofile of solid tumors and for decision-making in oncology. We were able to maketreatment suggestions for half of them and helped modify the treatment of at leasteight out of 35 patients.This study describes the different applications, limits and advantages of WES as amolecular investigation tool for human diseases. By demonstrating the benefit ofusing WES in the clinic, our results contribute to the ongoing efforts to integrate it intothe care pathway and the development of precision medicine
Amira, Najla. "Instabilité génétique des carcinomes de la voie excrétrice urinaire : recherche de gènes suppresseurs de tumeur candidats et applications cliniques". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0022.
Texto completo da fonteMorcrette, Guillaume. "GEPELIN : genomics of pediatric liver neoplasms APC germline hepatoblastomas demonstrate cisplatin induced intratumor tertiary lymphoid structures and good prognosis Molecular classification of hepatocellular adenoma associates with risk factors, bleeding, and malignant transformation". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB225.
Texto completo da fonteWager, Michel. "Statut moléculaire - oncogènes et gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs - des tumeurs gliales de l'adulte en relation avec le grade anatomo-pathologique et l'évolution tumorale". Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT1401.
Texto completo da fonteBenhassine, Manel. "Caractérisation du mode de régulation du récepteur 2B de la sérotonine (HTR2B) dans le mélanome uvéal". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30257.
Texto completo da fonteLe mélanome uvéal (MU) est la principale forme de cancer intraoculaire possédant la capacité d’engendrer des métastases au foie et aux poumons des patients atteints, cette maladie est incurable et fatale dans les 8 mois suivant le dépistage des métastases. Grâce à des analyses en profilage génique sur biopuces à ADN, une signature moléculaire de 12 gènes dérégulés permettant de subdiviser les MU en deux classes: à faible (classe 1) ou haut (classe 2) risque d’évoluer vers le stade métastatique a pu être identifiée. Parmi les 4 gènes de la classe 2, la surexpression du gène codant le récepteur 2B de la sérotonine (HTR2B) est l’indice le plus fiable menant à l’identification des patients à risque d’évoluer vers la maladie métastatique. Cette étude a pour but de caractériser le promoteur de ce gène et les mécanismes moléculaires menant à sa surexpression aberrabte dans les lignées métastatiques de MU. Différents segments du promoteur du gène HTR2B ont été clonés dans le plasmide pCATbasic, puis introduits par transfection dans les lignées cellulaires MU. Des analyses d’interférence de méthylation au diméthylsulfate (DMS) et de retard sur gel de polyacrylamide (EMSA) ont été réalisées afin de démontrer la liaison de facteurs de transcription (FTs) au promoteur HTR2B. La transfection des délétants HTR2B/CAT a permis d’identifier des régions régulatrices positives et négatives en amont du promoteur HTR2B. Les analyses EMSA et d’interférence de méthylation au DMS nous ont permis de démontrer la liaison des FTs NFI et RUNX1 au promoteur du gène HTR2B. Ce projet permettra de mieux comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires responsables de la surexpression du gène HTR2B et de définir de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques qui pourraient permettre le dépistage des patients à risque d’évoluer vers la maladie métastatique.
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common type of primary intraocular tumor in the adult population. UM will propagate to the liver as the first metastatic site. Once this organ is invaded, survival becomes a matter of months for the patient as no treatment has proven to be effective. Among the candidates from the class II gene signature, the serotonin receptor-encoding gene (HTR2B) appears to be the most discriminating as its expression strongly increases in the tumors that will progress toward liver metastases. Our study aims at characterizing the molecular mechanisms that lead to this aberrant expression of HTR2B in metastatic UM cell lines. Expression of HTR2B was monitered by microarrays in a variety of UM cell lines. Various segments from the promoter and 5’-flanking sequence of the HTR2B gene were cloned upstream the CAT gene in the plasmid pCATbasic. The genomic areas of interest were 5’end-labeled and used as probes in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). DMS methylation interference footprinting was also used to precisely position the DNA target sites for transcription factors (TFs) that bind the HTR2B regulatory regions. Transfection analyses revealed that the upstream regulatory regions of HTR2B promoter is made up of a combination of alternative positive and negative regulatory elements. Repressive regions also bear a high number of target sites for the TF NFI. EMSA analyses provided evidence that multiple NFI isoforms can interact with the promoter of the HTR2B gene. In addition, the TF RUNX1 was shown by DMS methylation interference footprinting to bind a target site from the HTR2B distal silencer element. This project will help understand better the molecular mechanisms accounting for the abnormal expression of HTR2B in uveal melanoma. In the long term, this study will allow us to identify new potential targets that could help screening patients at high risk of evolving toward the liver metastatic disease.
Roussel, Xavier. "Oncogénèse des proliférations de cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes associées aux leucémies aiguës myéloïdes et études des interactions au sein du microenvironnement leucémique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/nxpath/default/default-domain/sections/confidentiel/these-a-roussel-xavier@view_documents?tabId=&conversationId=0NXMAIN1.
Texto completo da fonteMature plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) proliferation associated with acute myeloid leukemia (pDC-AML) are a new describe entity by the world health organization Classification in 2022. Origin and function of pDC are little known, with only one study suggesting a worst prognosis. This work proposes a comprehensive description of pDC-AML. The first axis include a characterization of the leukemic cell-of-origin of pDC proliferation in pDC-AML, permitting to obtain its transcriptomic, epigenetic, phenotypic, and functional profile. The second axis include an investigation of the impact of RUXN1 mutations in pDC-AML oncogenesis, which are RUNX1 mutated in 70% of cases. The contribution of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology have permitted to obtain a RUNX1 knock out, and a RUNX1 Knock out / eGFP knock AML cell lines. The comparison with the pDC-AML leukemic stem cell have permitted to identify pathways related to RUNX1 mutations and other pathways required to obtain pDC-AML model. Finally, the third axis constitute a comprehension study about immune cells interaction in the pDC-AML leukemic microenvironment. This study highlights many cross talks between immune cells leading to lymphocyte exhaustion, and an upregulation of genes involved in the tolerogenic function of the immune system. In perspective, we propose several hypothesis increasing knowledge about pDC-AML oncogenesis, which can involve other entities such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but also provide mechanisms impairing survival in pDC-AML, and new insight for novel strategy of treatment specific to this poor-prognosis entity
Wong, Jennifer. "Inactivation et activation de régions chromosomiques par des modifications épigénétiques. Mécanismes impliqués et rôle dans la progression tumorale dans les cancers de la vessie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS484.
Texto completo da fonteIn cancers, gene transcription can be altered by genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. In 2011, my laboratory showed that the progression of bladder cancer could be linked to an epigenetic mechanism called MRES ("Mutiple Regional Epigenetic Silencing"). Tumors with this phenotype exhibit simultaneous inactivation of neighboring genes in 7 regions of the genome. Using a new bioinformatics approach: "SegCorr", we have identified more than 400 genomic regions in which gene expression is correlated. These regions fall into 7 groups and are associated with 6 phenotypes of bladder cancer. In addition, the extinction of gene expression from a small proportion of regions is associated with DNA methylation and / or loss of histone marks associated with active transcription: H3K9ac and H3K4me3 or gains of histone marks associated with transcription repression: H3K27me3 and H3K9me3. Using a new algorithm “Musette”, I have shown that the MRES phenotype is probably not due to genetic alterations. Finally, to understand at which stage of tumor progression of bladder cancer the MRES phenotype might appear, I have shown that bladder cancer tumors induced in mice by ingestion of a carcinogen (N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine) could be a good model
Coste-Invernizzi, Isabelle. "La β-caténine dans les tumeurs sporadiques chez la souris". Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10043.
Texto completo da fonteBouancheau, Delphine. "PPARγ et tumeurs colorectales humaines : altérations, expression et recherche de gènes cibles". Nantes, 2005. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ad25116c-3684-432a-aff4-0938cd68a67b.
Texto completo da fontePPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARγ agonists have anti-proliferative effects and induce cell differentiation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. PPARγ was therefore proposed as a therapeutic target for colon cancer. We first aimed to search for alterations and determine the expression level of PPARγ in human colorectal tumours. We have not found mutated PPARγ gene in the samples analyzed (codon 422 and exon 6). By contrast, we have shown that deregulation of PPARγ function involved aberrant expression of PPARγ, of its co-activators, and of a splicing variant that acts as a dominant negative. The other goal of our work was to identify PPARγ targets in human colorectal epithelial cells. Our results indicate that PPARγ ligands regulate MCT1 (Monocarboxylate Transporter 1) gene expression in HT29. Cl16E cells. This is probably an indirect effect, involving NF-KB inhibition
Bergeron, Marjorie-Allison. "Étude des mécanismes de régulation transcriptionnelle des sous-unités α5 et ß5 des intégrines dans le contexte du mélanome uvéal". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24702.
Texto completo da fonteRodrigues, Manuel. "Génétique des mélanomes oculaires". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS107.
Texto completo da fonteOcular melanomas are rare tumors representing about 5% of all melanomas. Ocular melanomas may arise from two tissues: the uvea (~ 500 cases / year in France) and the conjunctiva (~ 30 cases / year). Uveal melanomas have a very low rate of somatic mutations. These tumors also carry specific distinctive copy number alterations (gains of 8q, 1q, 6p, losses of 3, 1p, 6q or 8p). The evolution of the genome of these tumors during metastatic progression has been poorly described.To explore the metastatic evolution of uveal melanoma, we whole-exome sequenced 14 primary tumors and 79 metastases from 24 patients. Primary tumors and metastases presented close genetic profiles with a median of 11.5 mutations in primary tumors, and 14 in metastases. Although SF3B1 and EIF1AX mutations are major prognostic factors in uveal melanomas, their frequencies in metastases were similar to those observed in historical primary tumors. The metastases showed some additional copy number alterations compared to the corresponding primary tumors. Among the alterations acquired during the metastatic process, 8q gains were present in 92% of metastases.Thanks to this work, we found a uveal melanoma with a CpG> TpG hypermutated phenotype in a patient who had an exceptional response to anti-PD1 immunotherapy. This hypermutated phenotype was explained by a deleterious germline mutation of MBD4 (Methyl-CpG Binding Domain 4) with bi-allelic inactivation in the tumor. Two other hypermuted CpG> TpG tumors with germline MBD4 mutation, a uveal melanoma and a glioblastoma, were identified in public databases.The biology of conjunctival melanomas and their genomic profiles have been scarcely described. We sequenced the genomes of 6 tumors and then target-sequenced 47 other tumors. We showed that these tumors had a C> T hypermuted profile induced by ultraviolet exposure. These tumors presented a pattern of mutations close to cutaneous melanomas with a lower frequency of BRAF mutations (33%), and mutations that were more specific of mucosal melanomas such as activating mutations of KIT and SF3B1 in conjunctival melanomas not exposed to the sun. We also identified CTNNB1 mutations in tumors developed on conjunctival nevi.All of these works illustrate how the molecular description of rare tumors opens new avenues for precision medicine
Andrique, Laetitia. "Nouveaux partenaires du suppresseur de tumeurs p14ARF : découverte de nouvelles fonctions indépendantes de p53". Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT1403.
Texto completo da fonteEmily, Mathieu. "Modèles statistiques du développement de tumeurs cancéreuses". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00106972.
Texto completo da fonteFaillot, Simon. "Génomique intégrée des tumeurs bénignes corticosurrénaliennes". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB261/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones, mainly cortisol, aldosterone and androgens. The adrenal cortex can be the site of tumors - adenomas or cancers -, hyperplasias and dysplasias. These lesions are in their great majority benign. They may be associated with hypersecretion of steroid hormone, most commonly cortisol (Cushing's syndrome) or aldosterone. There are also non-secreting tumors. Although molecular classifications have been established for carcinomas, to date there is no genome-wide classification of benign adrenocortical tumors, which could provide information on the mechanisms of autonomic secretion and proliferation of these lesions. Finally, the genetic determinism of dysplasia and hyperplasia is only partially known. During my thesis, I analyzed a complete "omics" dataset of benign adrenocortical lesions for more than a hundred samples, including high-throughput sequencing (exome / targeted for mutations, RNA-seq for microRNA analysis), transcriptome and methylome microarrays, and SNP microarrays for chromosomal alterations. I was able to identify a relatively convergent genome-wide molecular classification between the different "omics", which is consistent with the tumor and secretory types, but also identifies new subgroups within these lesions. In particular, it appears that mutations in these lesions are essential determinants of molecular classification. Thus, the lesions are grouped according to the signaling pathway or the altered gene, in particular the PKA / cAMP pathway for lesions producing cortisol, the Wnt / beta-catenin pathway for adenomas that do not secrete little or no cortisol, and ARMC5 for a subgroup of macronodular hyperplasia. These very distinct groups also contain lesions with no identified mutation, presumably with alternative mechanisms of alteration of these signaling pathways. In the group of ARMC5 mutated macronodular hyperplasia, the comparison with all other benign lesions shows a strong ovarian expression signature, marked by the expression of FOXL2 and its targets CYP19A1 and PTHLH. This mark of specifically gonadal differentiation in the adrenal gland causes a development anomaly to be discussed. This integrated genomic analysis also identifies epigenetic alterations of steroidogenesis. In particular, tumors secreting a lot of cortisol are globally hypermethylated in their CpG islands. In addition, hypermethylation of CYP21A2 is probably a mechanism of intratumoral 21-hydroxylase deficiency. MiRNA signatures also appear to have an impact on steroidogenesis. During my thesis I also analyzed the exome of unmutated macronodular hyperplasia ARMC5. I did not identify a new recurrent somatic mutation. At the level of the germinal exome, I identified several recurrent candidate genes, which open the way for complementary genetic analyzes (cohort extension) and cell biology. This work is the first major genomic characterization of benign lesions of the adrenal cortex. Although not all mechanisms are fully elucidated, these data represent an important resource for guiding future research into benign adrenal tumorigenesis and steroidogenesis
Seghatoleslam, Atefeh. "Study of a novel human gene over-expressed in hypopharyngeal tumors". Strasbourg 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13020.
Texto completo da fontePrevious work, performed in our laboratory, screened for genes involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using differential display (DD) and DNA microarrays. In this study, we present the first analytical analysis on a novel human gene, LOC92912, identified by DD as a gene upregulated in HNSCC. LOC92912, which is a putative member of the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme family, encodes a protein of 375 amino acids containing a RWD domain, a coiled-coil and an E2 domain. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that there are related proteins in organisms as diverse as humans and worms. The striking conservation of LOC92912 sequence homology among species, particularly in the predicted catalytic domain of the carboxy terminal half of the protein, suggests that it has an important catalytic function. LOC92912 is upregulated in about 85% of tumor samples. It is expressed in tumor masses and in invasive epithelium, and is located in the cytoplasm of cells. We raised a rabbit polyclonal antibody that specifically detects the transfected and endogenous LOC92912 polypeptide of the expected size (~43kDa). To understand which pathways are affected in cancer tissues that overexpress our gene, we established RPMI 2650 stable transfectant over-expressing LOC92912, aimed at the identification of the signatures that can be subsequently validated for their implication in cancer. In this over-expressing system some normal functions of the cells were altered. We observed: an increase in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, formation of focus-like structures in the culture, a decrease in clonogenicity and cell growth and more migration in Boyden chamber. Preliminary data also showed changes in cell shape and cell-to-cell adhesion. To gain insights into LOC92912 functions, we identified potential interacting partners by immunoaffinity purification of the flag tagged protein followed by MALDI Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) mass spectrometry. Actin and 6 actin-binding proteins were unambiguously identified as potential interacting partners, suggesting that LOC92912’s functions may be linked with the cytoskeleton. This novel human gene may represent a new target for cancer therapeutics. This study provides a solid basis that should encourage scientists and clinicians to become interested in this gene
Tournel, Gilles. "Analyse du profil d'expression des gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme et le transport des xénobiotiques dans les tissus broncho-pulmonaires humains : identification d'un polymorphisme génétique du cytochrome P450CYP2F1". Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S049.
Texto completo da fonte