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Hall, Clare R. "Genetically modified food and crops : perceptions of risks". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4719.
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The debate around genetically modified food and crops has proved to be complex and far-reaching, involving diverse stakeholder groups and many issues. Although the extent of global uptake of GM crops has been substantial (23 countries and 114.65 million hectares by 2007), it is significant that four countries are responsible for 86% of all GM plantings, and that a number of key food markets (for example the EU and Japan) remain largely "GM-free‟. This suggests that there is reluctance on the part of many countries to embrace GM technology. There are likely many reasons for this, but one significant issue is that of the perception of the risks associated with the technology. There is a distinction between risk that exists in the world and that can be measured (objective risk) and risk that is perceived by an individual to exist and that is constructed by them based on their values and preferences. When technical measurement of actual risks is not possible, peoples‟ own perceptions of risks become important. This thesis aims to investigate the topic of risk perceptions associated with GM food and crops. Different stakeholder groups have been targeted, and a range of methodologies from a variety of disciplines have been employed to investigate what factors can be shown to influence risk perception. A range of factors were identified from existing literature, as having potential impact on risk perceptions. A number of these were investigated, some of which were found to have some influence on levels of risk perception. Results demonstrate that factors influencing peoples‟ perceptions of risk relating to GM food and crops, include the uncertainty associated with the technology, and trust in regulators, policy makers and others with control over the future development of the technology. Other factors found to be important to levels of risk perception held by different stakeholder groups, were a range of socio-demographic and cultural variables, the relationship between perceived risks and benefits, the equity of impacts, and the influence of third parties. There are a number of implications for the development of the GM debate arising from the findings. First, as there are socio-demographic and cultural factors linked to the perceptions of risk associated with GM technologies in food and agriculture, it is important to recognise that different people will react differently to the technology. Specifically, results from this thesis show that it may be that men, those who are more highly educated, those with a less ecocentric worldview, and those living in urban areas, are likely to respond more favourably to targeted promotional campaigns. As regards the farming community, results show that the first farming adopters are likely to be those who are both owners and tenants, not in an urban fringe location, potato growers, and not barley growers. Second, this thesis provides evidence that third parties are particularly important to farmers, thus it is crucial to recognise that there is potentially a long chain of action and reaction amongst many different stakeholders and actors impacting on farmers' levels of risk perception, and hence willingness to adopt the technology. Third, results from this research demonstrate that the linked issues of the relationship between risks and benefits, and the equity of (positive and negative) impacts, require that all stakeholders are content that they will receive a share of the benefits (if any) to be derived from the technology, and that neither they nor any other group of stakeholders are unduly impacted by the risks or negative impacts (if any) of the technology. Important here is the recognition that perceptions are as important as actual impacts. Fourth, the issue of trust has been shown by the results obtained by this research to be extremely important to peoples' perceptions of risk. It can be concluded that trust is of wider social and political importance that relates to the need to ensure greater democratisation of decision-making in order to re-establish trust in authorities. In the case of GM food this may require a rethinking of the EU legislation relating to the technology. This also relates to point below about the delivery of messages and education. Information sources must be trusted by those at whom the messages are aimed. More importantly though, if people are to trust decision making processes, there needs to be stakeholder involvement at an early stage of decision making, that allows some impact on decisions taken. In the case of the GM debate it may indeed be too late as decisions about the technology, its applications, the regulatory processes and its inclusion within the food chain are well established. Perhaps the best that can be hoped for is that lessons will be learnt and applied to future technology developments of relevance to the food chain, such as, nano-technology. Finally, this thesis has shown that uncertainty is central to peoples' perceptions of risk. This could be addressed through a combination of additional research into what is uncertain to people, the impacts and implications of the technology, more effective dissemination of existing knowledge, and impartially delivered messages and education strategies from trusted sources that address the concerns that people have about the technology. Importantly however there must be an acknowledgement that uncertainty is not restricted to "knowledge deficit‟ but encompasses the scientific uncertainties inherent within the technology, and is framed by the social and cultural values of those whose views are considered. This thesis uniquely targeted diverse groups and employed a combination of different methods from a variety of disciplines. By doing this the study has increased understanding of the views of two groups (campaigners and farmers) who are crucial to the uptake of the technology, and who are seldom researched in the area of attitudes to GM technologies. The diversity of groups, methods and disciplines brought together in this thesis is important because the issue of GM has proved to be complex and far-reaching, and previous discussions of risk perceptions have been complex and disjointed. All groups investigated here are stakeholders in the process, and as such their views and concerns relating to risk perceptions of GM technologies ought to be taken into consideration.
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Scholderer, Joachim. "Consumer attitudes towards genetically modified foods in Europe : structure and changeability". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/624/.
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Genetically modified foods have been at the center of debate in European consumer policy in the last two decades. Although the quasi-moratorium has been lifted in May 2004 and the road to the market is in principle reopened, strategies for product introduction are lacking. The aim of the research is to assess potential barriers in the area of consumer acceptance and suggest ways in which they can be overcome. After a short history of the genetically modified foods debate in Europe, the existing literature is reviewed. Although previous research converges in its central results, issues that are more fundamental have remained unresolved.
Based on classical approaches in attitude research and modern theories of social cognition, a general model of the structure, function and dynamics of whole systems of attitudes is developed. The predictions of the model are empirically tested based on an attitude survey (N = 2000) and two attitude change experiments (N = 1400 and N = 750). All three studies were conducted in parallel in four EU member states. The results show that consumer attitudes towards genetically modified foods are embedded into a structured system of general socio-political attitudes. The system operates as a schema through which consumers form global evaluations of the technology. Specific risk and benefit judgments are mere epiphenomena of this process. Risk-benefit trade-offs, as often presupposed in the literature, do not appear to enter the process. The attitudes have a value-expressive function; their purpose is not just a temporary reduction of complexity. These properties render the system utterly resistant to communicative interventions. At the same time, it exerts stong anchoring effects on the processing of new information. Communication of benefit arguments can trigger boomerang effects and backfire on the credibility of the communicator when the arguments contrast with preexisting attitudes held by the consumer. Only direct sensory experience with high-quality products can partially bypass the system and lead to the formation of alternative attitude structures. Therefore, the recommended market introduction strategy for genetically modified foods is the simultaneous and coordinated launch of many high-quality products. Point of sale promotions should be the central instrument. Information campaigns, on the other hand, are not likely to have an effect on the product and technology acceptance of European consumers.
Gentechnisch veränderte Lebensmittel haben sich im Lauf der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte zu einem Symbol verbraucherpolitischer Auseinandersetzungen in Europa entwickelt. Mit der Aufhebung des Quasi-Moratoriums im Mai 2004 ist der Weg zum Markt zwar prinzipiell freigeschaltet, Strategien der Produkteinführung fehlen jedoch. Ziel der Arbeit ist, potenzielle Hindernisse im Bereich der Verbraucherakzeptanz auszuloten und Wege aufzuzeigen, wie Vorurteile gegenüber diesen Produkten abgebaut werden könnten. Nach einem historischen Abriss der Gentechnikdebatte in Europa wird zunächst die existierende Literatur zur Verbraucherakzeptanz diskutiert. Obwohl die bisherige Forschung in ihren Ergebnissen konvergiert, sind grundsätzlichere Fragen weitgehend ungelöst geblieben.
Auf der Grundlage klassischer Ansätze der Einstellungsforschung und moderner Theorien sozialer Kognition wird daher ein allgemeines Modell der Struktur, Funktion und Dynamik ganzer Einstellungssysteme entworfen. Die Vorhersagen des Modells werden anhand einer Einstellungsbefragung (N = 2000) und zweier Einstellungsänderungsexperimente (N = 1400 und N = 750) empirisch überprüft. Alle drei Studien wurden parallel in vier EU-Mitgliedsstaaten durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Verbrauchereinstellungen zu gentechnisch veränderten Lebensmitteln in ein strukturiertes System allgemeiner soziopolitischer Einstellungen eingebettet sind. Das System fungiert als Schema, anhand dessen eine globale Bewertung der Gentechnik vorgenommen wird. Spezifische Nutzen- und Risikourteile sind lediglich Epiphänomene dieses Prozesses. Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägungen, wie sie in der Literatur oft unterstellt werden, finden dabei offenbar nicht statt. Die Einstellungen haben eine wertexpressive Funktion, dienen also nicht nur der vordergründigen Reduktion von Komplexität. Diese Eigenschaften machen das System ausgesprochen resistent gegenüber Versuchen der kommunikativen Beeinflussung. Gleichzeitig übt es eine starke Ankerwirkung auf die Verarbeitung neuer Informationen aus. Kommunikation von Nutzenargumenten zu gentechnisch veränderten Lebensmitteln kann zu Bumerangeffekten auf die Glaubwürdigkeit eines Kommunikators führen, wenn die Argumente den Voreinstellungen der Verbraucher widersprechen. Lediglich direkte sensorische Erfahrung mit qualitativ hochwertigen Produkten kann zu einer teilweisen Entkoppelung des Systems und damit zum Aufbau alternativer Einstellungsstrukturen führen. Als optimale Markteinführungsstrategie für gentechnisch veränderte Lebensmittel wird daher die gleichzeitige und koordinierte Einführung vieler hochwertiger Einzelprodukte empfohlen. Zentrales Instrument sollten Aktionen am Point of Sale sein. Vorbereitende Informationskampagnen werden dagegen voraussichtlich keine Wirkungen auf die Produkt- and Technikakzeptanz europäischer Verbraucher haben.
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Plunkett, Marni. "Are genetically modified foods good?, the welfare implications of agricultural biotechnology". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ49580.pdf.
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Atkinson, Emily. "Habermas, biopower, and the regulation of genetically modified crops and foods". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45129.
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In this paper I combine insights from Habermas’s analysis of the democratic public sphere and Foucault’s concept of biopower to delineate barriers to democratic engagement in health and environmental policy processes, with a focus on rational-critical debate in the public sphere. I begin by demonstrating how Habermas’s approach provides a normative basis for critiquing certain power relations based on how they affect the information and opinions circulating in the public sphere and the development of forums for rational-critical debate. I then explain how Foucault’s concept of biopower draws attention to the more specific mechanisms through which those power relations have the effects that they do in health and environmental policy processes, especially over time. Finally, I apply these insights to the regulation of genetically modified crops and foods in Canada and argue that democratic engagement in this policy process will only improve if unequal power relations that hinder rational-critical debate are mitigated.
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Moser, Celeste Laurana. "Public opinion and public engagement with genetically modified foods : a qualitative study". PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4279.
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The purpose of the current study was to understand public opinion formation by determining what factors influence opinion leaders in the organic food community to engage in the genetically modified food debate, and how opinion leaders describe American lay publics' engagement in the debate.
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Gao, Rong, e 高溶. "A systematic review of the use of genetically modified food in China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193785.
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Introduction: The Genetically Modified (GM) food, which is one of the fruit of the modern biotechnology, is closely related to people's lives. GM food, specifically, GM crops, also known as biotech food, are produced from genetically modified organisms (GMO), which use genetic engineering techniques to introduce, recombine and modify DNA. The safety of GM food still do not have final conclusion at present. Although GM food has been introduced into China for over 15 years, many of the surveys show that Chinese consumers‘ knowledge of GM food is relatively low comparing with other countries. In 2002, China‘s Ministry of Agriculture promulgated three regulations to manage the GMOs in China. The attitudes and acceptance of market for GM food have direct impact on the development of genetic engineering technique and government‘s policy making. This review aims to investigate cognition and attitudes of GM food among Chinese consumers; to investigate how the consumers react to the GM food labeling policy; to find out how factors such as knowledge about transgenic information, price of GM food would affect the consumption of GM food.
Methods: Relevant studies published between January 2002 and May 2013 were searched and identified through NCBI, CNKI, and Google Scholar with a combination of keywords, such as “GM”, “China”, “attitude”, “knowledge”, and “willingness” both in English and Chinese. Studies regarding the average knowledge level, acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for GM food among Chinese consumers, and factors affecting the WTP were included.
Results: Of 1032 papers identified, 9 articles fulfilling the selection criteria were included in this systematic review. Among the 9 articles, 7 were written in English, 2 in Chinese. Awareness and knowledge of GM food among Chinese consumers were still not satisfying.
Given the potential risks, the public tended to hold divergent attitudes to GM food, which had significantly influenced the WTP. Socio-economic factors such as the number of children, and external factors such as information and price also affected the WTP. Among all the factors, positive attitudes (including willingness-to-accept WTA), and positive information about GM food have significant positive influence on the WTP of GM food, while consumer‘s number of children, price of GM food and negative information about GM food would reduce the purchase intention.
Discussion: Positive attitudes (including willingness-to-accept WTA), and positive information have significant positive influence on the WTP of GM food, while increasing number of children and price of GM food and negative information would reduce the purchase intention. It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive and objective propaganda of GM food and transgenic technology; enhance the management of GM food; plan and develop GM food industry with focus on low-income consumers for they are more willing to buy GM food.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Cuellar, Jose. "Mexican consumer preferences for biotechnology and retail food outlets". Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2004/J%5FCuellar%5F121704.pdf.
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Kaneko, Naoya. "Three essays on economic valuation of consumer preferences on genetically modified foods". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127328876.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 168 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-168). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Magnusson, Maria. "Consumer Perception of Organic and Genetically Modified Foods : Health and Environmental Considerations". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis :, 2004. http://publications.uu.se/theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=4218.
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Costello, Alexandra Jane. "The effect of GM label variation on perceptions of genetically modified foods". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1983.
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This thesis investigates the factors which are suggested to affect perceptions of genetically modified (GM) foods. It first tests the extent to which the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and perceived 'outrage' are able to predict intentions towards buying GM foods using linear regression. It then focuses on how GM label design characteristics and linguistic variations influence perceptions of GM foods including measures of hazard perception and purchase intention using ANOVA repeated measures. Modelling is then used to identify whether label variations affect the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, namely attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control or whether their effect is by some other psychological process. As a result of the first six studies a model is proposed to explain the psychological process by which GM label variations affect behavioural intention for a specified product. The last two studies investigate the extent to which the previous findings generalise across products type using four different product types, two natural and two synthetic. The principle finding from this research is that some GM informational label design factors such as GM content, wording and use of the colour red have a strong stable effect across product type, whilst others such as label shape and font size are less consistent. The modelling suggests that GM label variations affect attitudes in particular, and to some extent subjective norms and perceived behavioural control which are then predictive of the behavioural intention. to buy GM foods. This thesis provides recommendations for those wishing to inform the public about the GM status of their product.
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Khromov, I. "Genetic modified food". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33677.
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The genetically modified foods controversy is a dispute over the relative advantages and disadvantages of food derived from genetically modified organisms, genetically modified crops used to produce food and other goods, and other uses of genetically modified organisms in food production. The dispute involves consumers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations and scientists. The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified (GM) food are: risk of harm from GM food, whether GM food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the effect of GM crops on the environment, the impact of GM crops for farmers, including farmers in developing countries, the role of GM crops in feeding the growing world population, and GM crops as part of the industrial agriculture system.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33677
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Hu, Rongrong 1970. "Labeling of genetically modified organisms and the producer's negative labeling decision under a voluntary labeling regime". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112638.
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During the past decade, there has been growing public attention and concern over consuming products containing or processed with genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Labeling of the food products derived from the use of GMOs has thereby been a contentious debate across the world. Currently, there are two systems with regard to labeling GMO-based products: mandatory versus voluntary. The purpose of this study was to survey the research on GMOs, its application in agriculture and the surrounding labeling issues. A theoretical model was developed to analyze non-GMO producers' labeling decisions under a voluntary labeling regime, aimed at providing a theoretical perspective for governments that are contemplating the adoption of a voluntary approach to regulate GMO food products. The analysis indicates that the size of labeling costs and consumers' preferences toward non-GMO products are critical factors that will impact on non-GMO producers' labeling decisions.
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Shirai, Tomoko. "The WTO and the mandatory labeling of generically modified foods /". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81235.
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The manipulation of nature using modern biotechnology has resulted in the creation of Genetically Modified (GM) foods. There are states already enacting laws requiring the mandatory labeling of GM foods so that consumers can make informed choices as to what food to eat. However, on the flip side, the mandatory labeling of GM foods can also constitute non-tariff barriers as it can impose burdens on states that export GM foods. How should these two interests be balanced? This thesis takes the ambitious challenge of exploring whether the mandatory labeling of GM foods enacted under the government's protection of the consumers' right to information regarding what food to consume is consistent with the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework, particularly the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (MT Agreement). This thesis holds the view that the WTO, an international organization established to promote trade liberalization, can incorporate protection of consumers' interests by including it within to the interpretation of "legitimate objective" contained in Article 2.2 of the TBT Agreement. Rather, the heart of problem lies in the threshold setting of exempting mandatory labeling. In particular, the dispersed threshold should be adjusted hi order to solve this issue, this thesis contends that both the TBT Committee and the dispute settlement system should be utilized.
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Aydin, Gamze. "Detection Of Genetically Modified Maize Via Polymerase Chain Reaction". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605495/index.pdf.
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In recent years, foods produced by genetic engineering technology have been on the world food market. The biosafety aspects, regulations, and labelling of these foods are still contentious issues in most countries. It is necessary to have approval for the use of GMOs in the production of food. Thus, detection and quantification of GMOs play crucial role for developing regulations on GM foods.
In this study, raw and processed maize samples were analysed for genetic modification using a DNA based detection method, the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Ten raw food and 18 processed maize food including maize flour, starch, corn flakes, maize chips were collected from different markets located in different places in Turkey. The samples were examined for the presence of genetic elements located in the majority of transgenic crops such as NOS terminator, CaMV 35S promoter, kanamycin resistance (KanR) gene, using
conventional PCR with oligonucleotide sets targeting to novel genes. Furthermore screening was conducted via Real-Time PCR assay for NOS terminator and 35S
promoter. For confirming the presence of Bt11 maize lines event specific primers were utilised. Quantification of Bt11 maize lines were performed via Real-Time PCR.
The result indicates that foreign genetic elements were found in all analysed raw material. In six out of 10 raw material, presence of Bt11 gene were identified. GMO detection was also possible for maize flour and starch, however in processed material as corn starch, corn flakes, corn chips and pop corn, transgenes were not detected.
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Johnson, Adam Michael. "Pricing Genetically Modified Output Traits and Effects on Competing Technologies". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29851.
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This study develops a framework for pricing output traits derived from agriculture biotechnology and the effects on competing technologies post-introduction of the genetically modified (GM) variety. The price impact model determines processor or consumer adoption rates and changes in processor, farmer, and tech firm surplus as a result of the release of the new GM variety. Several implications result from this research. First, adoption of the GM variety may not be as high as expected due to the lower cost of using conventional varieties for processing or consumption inputs. Second, both processors who adopt the GM variety and those who continue to use conventional varieties will have an increase in surplus as a result
of the introduction of the GM variety. Lower costs of conventional varieties will also result in new entrants into the market.
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Diaz, Carcamo Ricardo I. "Consumers acceptance of genetically modified food products in Chile and economic implications of invaisve [i.e. invasive] species in international trade". Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/r%5Fdiaz-carcamo%5F050305.pdf.
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Frost, Carolyn. "Covering the GMO issue : an overview for South African science reporters". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52175.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim and function of this paper is to provide a balanced account of how the media, international and South African, have dealt with the issue of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A selection of interviews, presentations, articles, transcripts and published reports forms the background of this interpretation, and offers insight into the history of the technology, the major role players, the legislation required and implemented, the question of environmental accountability, and the power of the media's influence. It addresses aspects of the causal relationship between the media and public understanding, and the subsequent power of the consumer as manifested by the perception of risk. The central theme of genetic engineering conjures up a variety of meanings and applications, and the plethora of available information is evaluated in an attempt to develop informed understanding for reporters covering the many dimensions of this development within the arena of science and technology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om 'n ewewigtige oorsig te verstrek van hoe die media - Suid-Afrikaans sowel as internasionaal - die kwessie van geneties gemodifiseerde organismes gehanteer het. 'n Seleksie onderhoude, aanbiedinge, artikels, transkripsies, en gepubliseerde verslae vorm die basis van hierdie interpretasie, en verskaf 'n insig in die geskiedenis van die tegnologie, die belangrike rolspelers, nodige en géimplementeerde wetgewing, die vraag van omgewingstoerekenbaarheid, en die mag van die media se invloed. Dit spreek aspekte aan van die kousale verwantskap tussen die media en begrip deur die algemene publiek, en die daaropvolgende mag van die verbruiker, soos dit duidelik word in hulle insig in en begrip van die risiko-faktor. Die sentrale tema van genetiese modifisering bring te voorskyn 'n verskeidenheid betekenisse en aanwendings; en 'n oorsig van die massa beskikbare inligting word hier aangebied in 'n poging om aan verslaggewers ingeligte begrip aan te bied van die veelsydige omvang van die ontwikkeling van genetiese modifisering in die gebied van wetenskap en tegnologie.
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Ruch, Alexander Martin. "Perceived organizational risks and reputations are related to individuals' decisions to eat genetically modified foods". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6264.
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Sociologists have studied how organizations respond to perceived risks, but overlooked how individuals react to perceptions of organizational risks. We may expect individuals to avoid the goods and services of supposedly risky organizations, but how do other social judgments of organizations, such as those concerning reputation, relate to individuals’ risk aversion independently from their perceptions of risk? Social psychological theories on legitimacy and status and psychological theories on risk perception can bridge these gaps. Using data from the 2006 General Social Survey, this paper tests how individuals’ aversion to genetically modified foods (GMOs) relates to their perceptions of organizational risks and other qualities of business leaders, medical researchers, and political officials who are involved with producing, evaluating, and regulating GMOs. Logistic regression models find that individuals’ perceptions of medical researchers’ ignorance and disagreement about GMOs’ possible risks synergistically interact to increase the probability of rejecting GMOs. Individuals’ deferral of political influence to medical researchers attenuated the increased odds of rejecting GMOs among individuals who believe that industry scientists are disreputable. Surprisingly, perceived risks among business and political leaders were unrelated to GMO aversion. These results extend sociological risk research by demonstrating how individuals’ responses to perceived organizational risks are shaped by social characteristics such as reputations. Finally, links are drawn to inform social movement literatures and debates on GMOs, as reputational correlates exist independently from individuals’ knowledge of science, environmentalism, and generalized trust.
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Moore, Elizabeth Louise. "Science, internationalization, and policy networks, regulating genetically-engineered food crops in Canada and the United States, 1973-1998". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ53851.pdf.
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Magnier, de Maisonneuve Alexandre. "The economics of regulatory standards : the case of GM thresholds in seed production /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418049.
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Berhaupt, Amanda. "The Perceptions, Attitudes and Practices of Registered Dietitians Regarding Functional Foods". FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/156.
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The term “functional food” (FF) has a variety of definitions resulting in term ambiguity. It is unclear Registered Dietitians’ (RDs) understanding and practices about FF. A descriptive, cross-sectional study investigated RDs’ perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding FF. A national random sample (n=1800) of RDs was mailed a FF questionnaire, 385 (22%) responded. Given five definitions from food-nutrition authorities, the majority of RDs did not agree on a definition, although three-fourths (n=292, 75.8%) perceived fortified foods as FF. Registered Dietitians agreed FF could improve health (n=266, 69.1%), prevent disease (n=282, 73.2%) and treat clientele (n=246, 63.9%), however were neutral (41.6%) or disagreed (37.7%) FF were herbs, or equivalent to medicine (32.7%, 49.2% respectively). Most RDs (n=290, 75.9%) ate FF; fewer (n=231, 61.4%) professionally recommended them. Nearly all (n=353) indicated interest in learning about FF. Registered Dietitians revealed inconsistencies between their perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding FF. Professional education is needed to resolve discrepancies regarding FF.
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Li, Hanzhe. "Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining on Twitter with GMO Keyword". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25787.
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Twitter are a new source of information for data mining techniques. Messages posted through Twitter provide a major information source to gauge public sentiment on topics ranging from politics to fashion trends. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Twitter tweets to discern the opinions of users regarding Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). We examine the effectiveness of several classifiers, Multinomial Na?ve Bayes, Bernoulli Na?ve Bayes, Logistic Regression and Linear Support Vector Classifier (SVC) in identifying a positive, negative or neutral category on a tweet corpus. Additionally, we use three datasets in this experiment to examine which dataset has the best score. Comparing the classifiers, we discovered that GMO_NDSU has the highest score in each classifier of my experiment among three datasets, and Linear SVC had the highest consistent accuracy by using bigrams as feature extraction and Term Frequency, Chi Square as feature selection.
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Waite, Aldious A. "Consumer Knowledge, Perception and Attitudes of Unlabeled Genetically Modified Foods of an Educated Population in the State of Kentucky". TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2026.
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Genetically modified (GM) foods technology is a novel idea for improving food and crop production, but the supposed health risk of GM foods, such as possible negative long-term health effects to humans, animals and the environment, have provoked the European Union to create assessment protocols to monitor and regulate the safety of GM foods and crops. This research investigates the perception and attitudes of unlabeled GM foods of the WKU faculty and staff. A survey was administered via WKU Qualtrics, and chi-square tests were performed to see how the benefits and disadvantages of GM foods may affect the purchasing decisions of the educated consumer, and to see if the WKU faculty and staff wants GM foods to be labeled or not. The research confirms that the benefits and disadvantages of GM foods do affect the purchasing decisions of the educated consumer. The survey revealed that about 60% of the WKU faculty and staff buys GM foods, and 40% do not buy GM foods, and approximately 92% of the WKU faculty and staff wants GM foods to have proper labeling and information. The research provides information about how the educated consumer of Kentucky may feel about unlabeled GM foods.
The research also recommends some trade-off benefits of GM foods, including that approximately 35% of the WKU faculty and staff reported that they would buy GM foods if it helps to lower cholesterol and fight diabetes, and 20% say they would buy GM foods if it is cheaper than other foods. Some of the disadvantages of GM foods are that the pesticide chemicals used in the production methods of GM foods are toxic to humans, animals, and the environment. Approximately 54% of the participants say they would not buy GM foods because they are concerned about how it may affect their long-term health, and about 35% reported that they don’t buy GM foods because of improper labeling and information.
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Vermeulen, Hester. "Genetically modified white maize in South Africa : consumer perceptions and market segmentation". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11222005-110807.
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Ribeiro, Tatiane Godoy 1989. "A percepção do consumidor sobre o uso de organismos geneticamente modificados em alimentos". [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254514.
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Orientador: Jorge Herman BehrensDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de alimentos transgênicos, porém faltam pesquisas que avaliem de forma mais profunda a opinião pública sobre o tema. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a percepção do consumidor brasileiro sobre o uso de engenharia genética na produção de alimentos sob uma perspectiva de pesquisa quali-quantitativa. Inicialmente foram realizadas entrevistas com 48 consumidores na cidade de Campinas,SP, e os resultados mostraram que, de forma geral, há desconhecimento sobre os fundamentos científicos da biotecnologia moderna, bem como da sua finalidade na produção de alimentos. Os respondentes mostraram-se mais favoráveis à aplicação de engenharia genética aos produtos de origem vegetal e àqueles produzidos com uso de micro-organismos, em detrimento dos produtos de origem animal, notadamente a carne. Benefícios, tais como aumento de produtividade, melhoria de qualidade e possível redução do preço dos alimentos mostraram-se como motivadores do consumo. Por outro lado, há desconfiança justificada pelo risco de efeitos adversos à saúde e também ao meio ambiente, sobretudo em longo prazo. Três segmentos de consumidores foram identificados, quais sejam, os de atitude positiva em relação ao uso da engenharia genética na produção de alimentos, os de atitude negativa e os de atitude neutra a positiva. No segundo momento da pesquisa, avaliou-se a intenção de compra de alimentos produzidos por biotecnologia moderna por 55 consumidores combinando-se três fatores: tipo de alimento (de origem animal, vegetal ou produzido por processo microbiológico), denominação ("organismo geneticamente modificado" ou "transgênico") e benefícios (à saúde, ao meio ambiente ou nenhum benefício). A Análise de Conglomerados associada à Análise Conjunta demonstrou que, 1) produtos de origem animal são preferidos em comparação aos de origem vegetal ou produzidos por ação de micro-organismos, 2) a denominação "organismo geneticamente modificado" é preferida à "transgênico" e, finalmente, 3) benefícios à saúde ou ao meio ambiente são menos importantes e úteis na intenção de compra. Como conclusão, este estudo aponta a necessidade de estratégia de comunicação à população sobre os fundamentos, os possíveis benefícios e os riscos da engenharia genética de forma a promover o debate social e escolha consciente dos consumidores brasileiros em relação aos alimentos produzidos com tecnologias associadas
Abstract: Although Brazil is one of the world's largest producers of transgenic food, there are few studies assessing local public opinion on the subject. The aim of this work was to study the perception of Brazilian consumers about the use of genetic engineering on food production using a quali-quantitative research perspective. Firstly, 48 consumers were interviewed in the city Campinas, SP, and the results showed that, in general, lack of knowledge about the scientific fundamentals of modern biotechnology and its purposes on food production. The respondents showed to be more favorable to the application of genetic engineering on plants and and food produced by microbiological process, than on animal origin products, especially meat. Benefits, such as increased productivity, improved quality and possible price reduction appeared as the main drivers of consumption. On the other hand, it seems to be distrust justified by the risk of adverse effects on health and also to the environment, particularly in the long term. Three consumer clusters were identified: one showing positive attitude; another one with negative attitude; and a third group of consumer showing neutral to positive attitude towards the use of genetic engineering in food production. In the second part of the study, a conjoint study with 55 consumers was performed in order to assess the purchase intention of concepts of foods produced by modern biotechnology. Concepts were defined by combining three factors: type of food (animal, plant or produced by microbiological process), name ("genetically modified organism" or "transgenic") and benefits (to the health, to the environment or no benefit stated). Cluster Analysis associated with Conjoint Analysis showed that: 1) animal products are preferred in comparison to plants or food produced by microbiological process, 2) the name "genetically modified organism" is preferred to the "transgenic" and finally, 3) benefits to health or to the environment are less important in the purchase intention. In conclusion, this study indicates the need of a communication strategy to inform the Brazilian population about the fundamentals and the possible benefits and risks of genetic engineering in order to promote a social debate and more conscious choice by local consumers regarding food produced with associated technologies
Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestra em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Денисенко, Анатолій Федорович, Анатолий Федорович Денисенко, Anatolii Fedorovych Denysenko, Олександра Олександрівна Білопільська, Александра Александровна Белопольская e Oleksandra Oleksandrivna Bilopilska. "Аналіз проблеми виробництва та споживання генитично модифікованих продуктів в Україні". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5819.
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Слід на експертному рівні визначити чи потрібно взагалі в Україні вирощувати трансгенні сорти рослин. Адже вирощуючи їх ми можемо потрапити в залежність від світових виробників насіння і сплачувати роялті закордонним власникам прав на сорти рослин, замість того щоб підтримувати власну селекційну науку. До того ж стати сировинним придатком для розвинених країн не є для України національним інтересом.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5819
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Яхненко, Олена Миколаївна, Елена Николаевна Яхненко, Olena Mykolaivna Yakhnenko e С. Ю. Шоломий. "ГМО в продуктах питания". Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5799.
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Konduru, Srinivasa Prasad Kalaitzandonakes Nicholas G. "Three essays on the potential economic impacts of biotech crops in the presence of asynchronous regulatory approval". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6642.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 8, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lu, Linqi. "Framing Genetically-modified Foods Communication in China: A Content Analysis of News Coverage of People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7054.
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Grounded in framing theory, this thesis presents a qualitative content analysis of newspaper coverage of genetically modified foods by two Chinese newspapers- People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis, in 2000-2017. The political, economic, public opinion and legal implications involved have made the reports of genetically modified (GM) foods present different framing, themes, and positions between People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis. This study aims to examine the various frames used in the coverage of GM foods in two major Chinese newspapers that operate within different media frameworks.
Results of the content analysis illustrated that significant differences existed in the newspapers in their framing of GM foods, the themes of GM foods, the positions, news source, and media attributes. While the frames used by People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis were similar in the emphasis on the importance of “Supervision to GM product”, “Worries & Potential Risk/Safety”, and “International perspective”, Southern Metropolis presented a significance of pluralistic standpoint than People’s Daily whose attitude was likely to neutral and pro-GMO. People’s Daily preferred to use the frames of “Advanced Technology”, “International Perspective” or “Economic Consequences”, whereas Southern Metropolis preferred to produce the framed stories of “Worries & Potential Risk/Safety”.
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Shakya, Sumadhur. "Valuing and Pricing of Random and Non-Persistent Genetically Modified Traits (Corn and HRSW)". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29713.
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With many genetic traits discovered and many more in progress, it is imperative to the industry that firms (biotechnology companies) decide on the trait valuation and pricing. This includes more than one trait (also referred to as stacked traits) in a single variety of crop; the risk and uncertainty of expected returns associated with the development and release of a variety increases even more in case of stacked traits.
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model that can be used for the valuing and pricing of genetically modified (GM) traits that are random, sporadic, and non-persistent (e.g. drought tolerance, heat/cold stress) using the real option approach. The efficiency gain in case of occurrence of random event and expression of GM traits will be measured and used as a decision factor in determining the value of GM trait(s) at different phases of development. Risk premiums representing the value of GM trait to growers is calculated across risk averse attitudes. The return to labor and management (RTLM) provided by a GM trait is used to calculate the risk premiums when variation in parameters is allowed to be same as that reflected in historical data and gains from GM traits are realized. Monte Carlo simulation and stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) are used to estimate the certainty equivalents that decision makers would place on a risky alternative relative to a no risk investment. Certainty equivalents are estimated across a range of risk aversion coefficients and used to rank alternatives and determine where preferences among alternatives change while estimating risk premiums for the base case (no trait), drought tolerance, cold tolerance, NUB, and All traits (all traits combined into one as a stacked trait). Premiums provide perspective on the magnitude of differences in relative preferences among choices. The range of ARAC utilized was from 0.00 to 0.15 for all three crops. The risk premiums are treated as a potential source of revenue in the model as a technology fee charged by a biotech company. This thesis uses the Real Option methodology to evaluate GM traits as Option values at various stages of development. This approach helps managers decide the best possible option in making a certain decision today. It is also helpful in comparing different pathways (series of decisions) and thus better exploits the potential cash return in the future from investments made today (Figure D.1, Figure D.2). Three possible options to "continue", "wait", and "abandon" were modeled in this thesis. Such modeling determines the possible option values of GM traits at different stages of development depending on the kind of choices made at different points of time. This thesis shows that various GM traits that are out-of-money (OTM) at initial stages have increased probability of being in-the-money (ITM) at later stages of development. Sensitivities show that a share of potential technology fees and acreage of GM crops play a significant role in option values being ITM. Stacked traits provide a better chance of being ITM, thus the option to continue will be exercised by management. The option to wait causes reduction in option value. Among
individual traits, drought tolerance has the greatest maximum option value in most cases. Therefore, if management has to choose the development of only one GM trait, it is most likely to choose to invest in the development of drought tolerance.
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Vogliano, Christopher T. "Knowledge Base and Perception Registered Dietitians Hold on the Genetic Modification of Foods". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1353297827.
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Burchardi, Jan-Erik. "Die Vereinbarkeit der europäischen Vorschriften zur Kennzeichnung gentechnisch veränderter Lebensmittel mit dem Welthandelsrecht /". Berlin : Duncker und Humblot, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015744372&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Miguel, Fernando Bergantini [UNESP]. "Rentabilidade e risco da produção de milho safrinha geneticamente modificado na região de Guaíra-SP". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101955.
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000756745.pdf: 1138398 bytes, checksum: 0ec92173455c89e083b0acce53faaebd (MD5)Uma das razões para a rápida adoção de milho transgênico no Brasil foi o benefício econômico que essa tecnologia pode proporcionar aos produtores, como redução nos custos de aplicação de inseticidas e aumento da renda, através da redução de perda de produtividade por ataques de insetos. Esses benefícios superam os custos da adoção de tal tecnologia, que é o valor (R$) pago pelos produtores ao usar a semente de milho geneticamente modificada (GM). Foi objetivo deste estudo dimensionar o retorno econômico e os riscos para os adotantes de milho GM em uma das principais regiões produtoras do Estado de São Paulo (Guaíra/SP), a partir da análise de variação das quantidades e preços de inseticidas 10 utilizados, ganhos em produtividade e variação das diferenças de preços de sementes de milho GM em relação aos híbridos convencionais, levando-se em consideração a variação dos preços de milho durante o período de estudo. A metodologia utilizada foi a de avaliação dos benefícios líquidos, ou seja, os ganhos econômicos menos os custos da tecnologia transgênica, sob condições de risco. Os benefícios líquidos podem oscilar em função de quatro variáveis críticas: (1) produtividade do milho transgênico; (2) custos de controle de lagartas; (3) preço do milho; (4) custo de sementes transgênicas. As funções de distribuição de probabilidade dessas variáveis críticas foram estimadas e incluídas na equação de benefícios líquidos. Utilizando o método de simulação de Monte Carlo, foram estimados os seguintes conjuntos de indicadores: medidas de tendência central, variabilidade dos benefícios líquidos (benefícios totais menos custos totais), análise de sensibilidade dos benefícios líquidos em relação às variáveis críticas e, por fim, mapeamento de risco dos adotantes da tecnologia transgênica. Esses indicadores permitiram desenhar cenários econômico...
One of the reasons for the rapid adoption of transgenic corn in Brazil was the economic benefit this technology can provide to the producers, such as a reduction in the costs of applying insecticides and increased income due to the reduction in productivity losses caused by insect attacks. These benefits outweigh the costs of adopting such technology, which is the value (R$) paid by the farmers to use genetically modified (GM) seeds. The objective of this study was to dimension the economic risks and returns to the adopters of GM corn in one of the major corn producing regions of the state of São Paulo, as from the analysis of variation of the quantities and prices of insecticides used, 12 productivity gains and variation in the price differentials of the GM corn seeds in relation to conventional hybrids, taking into account the variation in corn prices during the period studied. The methodology used was the analysis of the net benefits, that is, the economic gains minus the costs of GM technology under conditions of risk. Net benefits can fluctuate as a function of four critical variables: 1) GM corn productivity; 2) costs of caterpillar control; 3) the price of corn; 4) the cost of GM seeds. The probability distribution functions of these critical variables were estimated and included in the net benefit equation. Using the Monte Carlo simulation methodology, the following indicator sets were estimated: central tendency measurements, variability in net benefits (total benefits minus total costs), sensitivity analysis of the net benefits in relation to the critical variables, and finally, the mapping of the risk to GM technology adopters. These indicators allow one to design economic scenarios associated with their probability of occurring. In general, it appeared that farmers who adopted the planting of transgenic corn showed positive profitability levels. The probability of positive ...
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Miguel, Fernando Bergantini 1964. "Rentabilidade e risco da produção de milho safrinha geneticamente modificado na região de Guaíra-SP /". Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101955.
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Orientador: Maura Seiko Tsutsui EsperanciniBanca: Luiz Cesar Ribas
Banca: Carmen Ozana de Melo
Banca: Ivana Marinho Barbaro
Banca: Izabel Cristina Takitane
Resumo: Uma das razões para a rápida adoção de milho transgênico no Brasil foi o benefício econômico que essa tecnologia pode proporcionar aos produtores, como redução nos custos de aplicação de inseticidas e aumento da renda, através da redução de perda de produtividade por ataques de insetos. Esses benefícios superam os custos da adoção de tal tecnologia, que é o valor (R$) pago pelos produtores ao usar a semente de milho geneticamente modificada (GM). Foi objetivo deste estudo dimensionar o retorno econômico e os riscos para os adotantes de milho GM em uma das principais regiões produtoras do Estado de São Paulo (Guaíra/SP), a partir da análise de variação das quantidades e preços de inseticidas 10 utilizados, ganhos em produtividade e variação das diferenças de preços de sementes de milho GM em relação aos híbridos convencionais, levando-se em consideração a variação dos preços de milho durante o período de estudo. A metodologia utilizada foi a de avaliação dos benefícios líquidos, ou seja, os ganhos econômicos menos os custos da tecnologia transgênica, sob condições de risco. Os benefícios líquidos podem oscilar em função de quatro variáveis críticas: (1) produtividade do milho transgênico; (2) custos de controle de lagartas; (3) preço do milho; (4) custo de sementes transgênicas. As funções de distribuição de probabilidade dessas variáveis críticas foram estimadas e incluídas na equação de benefícios líquidos. Utilizando o método de simulação de Monte Carlo, foram estimados os seguintes conjuntos de indicadores: medidas de tendência central, variabilidade dos benefícios líquidos (benefícios totais menos custos totais), análise de sensibilidade dos benefícios líquidos em relação às variáveis críticas e, por fim, mapeamento de risco dos adotantes da tecnologia transgênica. Esses indicadores permitiram desenhar cenários econômico ...
Abstract: One of the reasons for the rapid adoption of transgenic corn in Brazil was the economic benefit this technology can provide to the producers, such as a reduction in the costs of applying insecticides and increased income due to the reduction in productivity losses caused by insect attacks. These benefits outweigh the costs of adopting such technology, which is the value (R$) paid by the farmers to use genetically modified (GM) seeds. The objective of this study was to dimension the economic risks and returns to the adopters of GM corn in one of the major corn producing regions of the state of São Paulo, as from the analysis of variation of the quantities and prices of insecticides used, 12 productivity gains and variation in the price differentials of the GM corn seeds in relation to conventional hybrids, taking into account the variation in corn prices during the period studied. The methodology used was the analysis of the net benefits, that is, the economic gains minus the costs of GM technology under conditions of risk. Net benefits can fluctuate as a function of four critical variables: 1) GM corn productivity; 2) costs of caterpillar control; 3) the price of corn; 4) the cost of GM seeds. The probability distribution functions of these critical variables were estimated and included in the net benefit equation. Using the Monte Carlo simulation methodology, the following indicator sets were estimated: central tendency measurements, variability in net benefits (total benefits minus total costs), sensitivity analysis of the net benefits in relation to the critical variables, and finally, the mapping of the risk to GM technology adopters. These indicators allow one to design economic scenarios associated with their probability of occurring. In general, it appeared that farmers who adopted the planting of transgenic corn showed positive profitability levels. The probability of positive ...
Doutor
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Flagg, Ian Marshall. "The Valuation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The Real Options Approach". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29761.
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This study develops a real options model of agbiotechnology and is applied to three genetically modified (GM) traits. Each trait is evaluated as growth options where technical or marketing milestones must be completed before management can exercise the option to invest further in trait development. The real options values are evaluated by employing a binomial tree which is simulated using distributions for random elements within stages of the growth option. Mean option values were negative for the discovery stage for fusarium-resistant wheat and for all but the regulatory submission stage for Roundup Ready wheat. The length of the regulatory submission stage had the greatest negative impact on the value of the option while the ability of the firm to maximize technology-use-fees had the greatest positive impact. Additionally, traits adapted to crops with larger potential market size are more likely to be in the money than traits developed for smaller market segments.
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Addey, Kwame Asiam. "The Role of Trade Facilitation Indicators and Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index on U.S. State Exports and Efficiency". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29005.
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Trade Facilitation Indicators have become important mechanisms of monitoring the ease of trade. Another issue of rising concern is the pervasive debate on genetically engineered organisms and the development of Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index to evaluate its implications on trade. With regards to these, the objective of the United States Trade Representative is to eliminate implicit trade barriers. Hence, this study examines the impact of TFIs on U.S. agricultural export and its efficiency. From the results, a 1% increase in destination?s Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index leads to a US$ 9,426.82 and US$ 74,268.04 decline in corn and soybean exports while wheat experiences a US$ 26,204.05 increase. The ?I-State? paradox was also revealed from the efficiency rankings. This research recommends that GE labelling policies should be synchronized to match the requirements of the destination countries. Furthermore, information on GE foods must be transparent and disseminated to change destinations? negative perception.
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Музика, І., e В. Слободенюк. "Сучасні погляди щодо безпечності генномодифікованої продукції для здоров'я населення". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45183.
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Мета. Встановити всі "за" і "проти" генномодифікованої продукції для здоров'я та добробуту населення.
Матеріали та методи. Проведений аналіз даних літератури щодо впливу трансгенних продуктів на організм людини. Методи - описовий, аналітичний.
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Schneider, Patrícia Maria. "Segurança alimentar e princípio da informação sobre alimentos geneticamente modificados : perspectivas jurídica e socioambiental". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2010. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/526.
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Os panoramas social e ambiental estão intimamente relacionados, o que atrai a perspectiva socioambiental. Assim, as interferências nas condições de vida da população proporcionadas pela biotecnologia são compreendidas na proteção ao meio ambiente. A comercialização de organismos geneticamente modificados em alimentos gera muito debate doutrinário e científico na atualidade. No entanto, já é possível revelar alguns mitos e efetivar algumas constatações acerca do tema. Os mitos trazem as promessas de buscar saciar a fome através do aumento da produção com a utilização da biotecnologia na área alimentar, bem como a prioridade na produção de alimentos com propriedades benéficas para a saúde da população. As constatações esbarram em alguns episódios negativos envolvendo a utilização de organismos geneticamente modificados e, também, no forte domínio de grandes corporações, que estão ditando as regras do desenvolvimento biotecnológico. Diante deste quadro, na comercialização dos alimentos, a disponibilização de informações através da rotulagem ganha destaque, sendo importante analisar o tratamento legal que vem sendo dado no âmbito interno, na União Européia, sob a perspectiva dos Estados Unidos e do Codex Alimentarius. Diante do contexto legal, resta claro que ainda existem diversas polêmicas e que a disponibilização de informações ainda encontra alguns desafios, em especial, na fiscalização da rotulagem e na conciliação da informação com a diversidade cultural. Para que a informação tenha plena concretização deve estar inter-relacionada com a educação e a participação dos atores envolvidos.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-02T19:26:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Patricia Maria Schneider.pdf: 760958 bytes, checksum: a2b8997a6ff8084e112826104e2cbf4a (MD5)
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The social and environmental views are closely related, which attracts the socioenvironmental perspective. All artifacts in the living conditions of the population is comprised of biotechnology in environmental protection. The commercialization of genetically modified organisms in food generates much debate and scientific doctrine today. However, it is possible to draw some myths and commit some observations on the subject. Myths bring the promises of seeking satisfying hunger by increasing production with the use of biotechnology in the food, as well as the priority in food production with properties beneficial to health. The findings run into some negative episodes involving the use of genetically modified organisms and also strong in the domain of large corporations that are dictating the rules of biotechnology development. This picture, in the marketing of food, the availability of information through labeling is emphasized, it is important to consider the legal treatment that has been given at the domestic, European Union, from the perspective of the United States and the Codex Alimentarius. Given the legal context, it remains clear that there are still many controversies and the availability of information is still some challenges, particularly in reviewing the labeling and reconciliation of information about cultural diversity. For information to have full effect should be inter-related education and participation of stakeholders.
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Puta, Usanda. "Effects of genetically modified maize (MON810) and its residues on the functional diversity of microorganisms in two South African soils". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/419.
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Genetically modified (GM) crops are commercially cultivated worldwide but there are concerns on their possible negative impacts on soil biodiversity. A glasshouse study was conducted to determine effects of Bt maize residues on soil microbial diversity. Residues of Bt maize (PAN 6Q-308B) and non-Bt maize (PAN 6Q-121) were incorporated into the soil and corresponding maize seeds planted. The treatments were replicated three times. Fertilizer and water application were similar for both treatments. Rhizosphere and bulk soil was destructively sampled from each treatment and analyzed for microbial community level physiological profiles using Biolog plates with 31 different carbon substrates. Absorbance in the Biolog plates was recorded after 72 h of incubation at 20oC. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore counts were also determined. Field studies were conducted at the University of Free State and University of Fort Hare Research Farms to determine the effects of growing Bt maize on soil microbial diversity. One Bt maize cultivar (PAN6Q-308B) and non-Bt maize (PAN6Q-121) were grown in a paired experiment at University of Free State farm, while two Bt maize (DKC61-25B and PAN6Q-321B) and their near-isogenic non-Bt maize lines (DKC61-24 and PAN6777) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Fertilization, weed control and water application, were similar for both Bt maize cultivars and their non-Bt maize counterparts. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected by uprooting whole plants and collecting the soil attached to the roots. The samples were analysed for microbial diversity and for arbuscular mycorrhizae fungal spore counts. Principal component analysis showed that soil microbial diversity was affected more by sampling time whereas genetic modification had minimal effects. Presence of residues also increased the diversity of microorganisms. Mycorrhizal fungal spores were not affected by the presence of Bt maize residues. Growing Bt maize had no effect on the soil microbial diversity in the rhizosphere.
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Kotey, Daniel Ashie. "Genetically modified (GM) maize cultivation by smallholders in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Effects on target and non-target organisms and adoption challenges". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5161.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The use of genetically modified (GM) maize technology is subject to compliance with stewardship requirements and the adoption of specific management practices that promote the long-term effectiveness and environmental sustainability of the technology. For smallholders to comply with these requirements and adopt the desired management practices to ultimately benefit from the technology, they require information that creates awareness of the value of these requirements. To determine what information farmers receive about GM maize and how this information is disseminated to farmers, face to face interviews were conducted with 81 extension personnel and 210 smallhoder GM maize farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The effect of Bt maize introduction and management practices in smallholder maize agroecosystems in the Eastern Cape on Bt maize target [Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] and non-target insect pests [Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] and a snail species, [Cornu aspersum (Müller) (Gastropoda: Helicidae)] was determined through laboratory, field and cage experiments. The effect of smallhoder farmers‟ GM maize cultivation practices on the profitability of GM maize technology was also determined through on-farm trials in different localities of the Eastern Cape identified as hot-spots for stem borer and weed infestation. Results of surveys indicated that extension personnel had a low level of awareness of GM maize technology stewardship requirements. GM maize technology was also largely disseminated to smallholder farmers through non-participatory approaches and print media sourced from GM seed companies. Although farmers had a high level of contact with extension services, they lacked access to information about GM maize technology. Smallholder farmers‟ level of awareness about GM maize and compliance with the requirement for the planting of non-Bt maize refuge areas adjacent to Bt maize was also very low. While Bt maize event (MON810) commonly cultivated by smallholder farmers in the Eastern Cape Province had a variable effect on A. segetum under laboratory conditions, it had no effect on the incidence of plants damaged by A. segetum and C. aspersum under field conditions. The incidence of H. armigera damage on Bt maize plants was however significantly affected by Bt maize. Populations of B. fusca collected from smallholder maize fields in the province were observed to be still highly susceptible to Bt maize. Results of on-farm evaluation of the profitability of GM maize revealed that stem borer pressure, growing conditions, input supplies and market access affect the productivity and profitability of GM maize cultivation. Challenges within the extension and advisory services of the Eastern Cape which can militate against smallholder farmers‟ ability to benefit from GM maize technology and sustain the long-term efficacy of the technology were identified during this study. Given these challenges and the fact that the cultivation of GM maize may not be profitable under typical smallholder maize cultivation conditions and management practices, dissemination approaches that provide farmers the opportunity to evaluate GM maize technology alongside alternate technologies under their conditions, may prove beneficial.
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Renton, Michelle Susan. "Influencing consumer perceptions of a social issue: an experiment on the effects of credibility of the source, message sidedness and inward/outward focus on consumer attitudes toward genetically modified foods". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/874.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This thesis aims to increase understanding of New Zealand consumer reactions to messages promoting genetically modified food products (GMFs) and to determine how the manipulation of three persuasion variables, message sidedness, source credibility and inward vs. outward focus impact upon consumer attitudes. To achieve this aim, the study integrated two frameworks, Bredahl's, (2001) determinants of attitudes towards GMFs and Wansink and Kim's, (2001) strategies for educating consumers about GMFs, into a new model. To empirically examine the model, a web-based experiment using a 2x2x2 between-subjects factorial design was conducted. The experiment exposed participants to one of eight treatment groups containing a promotional message for Genetically Modified foods. The participants then completed an on-line questionnaire detailing their responses to the messages. A total of 380 useable questionnaires were collected from a national sample of consumers and analysed using ANCOVA. The results of the study suggest that the outwardly focused, two-sided message was more powerful at lowering perceptions of risks, raising perceptions of benefits and positively influencing attitudes toward the ad than either the one-sided, outwardly focused message, or the inwardly focused messages of either sidedness condition. For purchase intentions individual differences appeared to be of greater influence than message factors.
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Lieberman, Sarah Zilda. "An analysis of the internal and external repercussions of the European Union’s ’de facto’ moratorium on the authorisation of new genetically modified crops and foods". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437975.
Texto completo da fonte
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Förster, Susanne. "Internationale Haftungsregeln für schädliche Folgewirkungen gentechnisch veränderter Organismen : europäische und internationale Entwicklungen und Eckwerte für ein Haftungsregime im internationalen Recht /". Berlin : Springer, 2007. http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=197111.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Göttingen, 2004.English summary: International liability for damage caused by genetically modified organisms. Copyright by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., to be exercised by Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Heidelberg. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. [393]-410) and index.
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Du, Plessis Marthinus Johannes. "The international political economy of the Cartagena Protocol on biosafety". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52543.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of the global biotechnology industry largely coincided with the development of the US biotechnology industry. This resulted in this industry's oligopolistic and centralised nature where only a few multinational chemical and pharmaceutical companies control most biotechnology processes and production of commodities emanating from these processes. The governance of biotechnology has, until recently, been dominated by state actors who have endeavoured to secure national interests, including those of large multinational corporations (MNCs) based within their boundaries. The technological ability of developed states to exploit and use unevenly distributed resources to their advantage means that an uneven relationship exists between these and poor developing countries. This has been highlighted by differences in public opinion about the role and application of biotechnology in society. While some opinions favour the use and application of biotechnology to enhance food supplies and boost production levels and trade, other opinions caution against the possible hazards that genetically manipulated organisms (GMOs) hold for the environment and human existence. The commercialisation of biotechnology has resulted in the exponential growth of genetically manipulated crops in especially the United States and countries like Argentina and Canada. These countries produce large surpluses of staple grains such as corn and soya and try to sell these to countries with food supply problems. The clash in commercial interests stemming from developed countries' insistence on the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) on genetically manipulated (GM) seeds has caused considerable conflict with poor farmers who will not be able to sustain their livelihoods if they cannot save seeds for future harvests. This is one aspect of the problems surrounding the protection of knowledge products that is exacerbated by the scientific uncertainty pertaining to the risk involved with biotechnology. While some observers agitate for precaution with the use of GMOs, others feel that a lack of scientific proof of harm is sufficient grounds for proceeding with developments in biotechnology. Conversely, there are some that feel that biotechnology is market driven instead of human needs driven, ultimately resulting in developing countries receiving very little benefit from it. The Cartagena Protocol on biosafety was drafted to address some of the difficulties involved with the transboundary movement of GMOs. Although it holds very specific advantages for developing countries, as a regulatory framework it is limited in its scope and application. Developing countries are limited in their policy options to address their need to protect biodiversity and secure their food supply. This means that considerable challenges and constraints await these countries in utilising global governance of public goods and building their human and technological capacities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van die globale biotegnologie-industrie het grootliks saamgeval met die ontwikkeling van die Verenigde State se biotegnologie-industrie. Dit het aanleiding gegee tot hierdie industrie se oligopolistiese en gesentraliseerde aard waar slegs enkele multinasionale chemiese en farmaseutiese maatskappye die meeste biotegnologie prosesse en die vervaardiging van kommoditeite uit daardie prosesse beheer. Die regering van biotegnologie was tot onlangs oorheers deur staatsakteurs wie gepoog het om nasionale belange te beskerm, insluitend die belange van multinasionale korporasies (MNK) wat vanuit hulle grondgebied funksioneer. Die tegnologiese vermoë van ontwikkelde state om oneweredig verspreide hulpbronne tot eie gewin te benut beteken dat 'n ongelyke verhouding bestaan tussen hierdie en arm ontwikkelende state. Dit word beklemtoon deur verskille in openbare mening oor die rol en aanwending van biotegnologie in die samelewing. Terwyl sekere opinies ten gunste van die aanwending van biotegnologie vir die verbetering van voedselbronne en produksievlakke en handel is, dui ander opinies op die moontlike gevare wat geneties gemanipuleerde organismes (GMOs) vir die omgewing en menslike voortbestaan inhou. Die kommersialisering van biotegnologie het gelei tot die eksponensiële groei van geneties gemanipuleerde gewasse in veral die Verenigde State en state soos Argentinië en Kanada. Hierdie state produseer groot hoeveelhede stapelgrane soos mielies en soja en poog om dit te verkoop aan state met voedselvoorsieningsprobleme. Die botsing in kommersiële belange wat spruit uit ontwikkelde state se aandrang op die beskerming van intellektuele eiendomsreg op geneties gemanipuleerde saad veroorsaak beduidende konflik met arm landbouers wie nie hulle lewensonderhoud kan verseker as hulle nie saad kan berg vir toekomstige saaiseisoene nie. Dit is een aspek van die problematiek rondom die beskerming van kennisprodukte wat vererger word deur die wetenskaplike onsekerheid wat gepaard gaan met die risiko's van biotegnologie. Terwyl sekere waarnemers vir waaksaamheid pleit in die gebruik van GMOs, is daar ander wat voel dat 'n gebrek aan wetenskaplike bewyse van skade genoegsame gronde is vir die voortsetting van ontwikkelings in biotegnologie. Insgelyks is daar diegene wat meen dat biotegnologie markgedrewe in plaas van menslike behoefte gedrewe is, wat uiteindelik daartoe lei dat ontwikkelende state baie min voordeel daaruit trek. Die Kartagena Protokoloor bioveiligheid is opgestel om van die probleme betrokke by die oorgrens verskuiwing van GMOs aan te spreek. Hoewel dit spesifieke voordele vir ontikkelende state inhou is dit as reguleringsraamwerk beperk in omvang en aanwending. Ontwikkelende state het beperkte beleidsopsies om hulle behoefte om biodiversiteit te beskerm en voedselvoorsiening te verseker, aan te spreek. Dit beteken dat beduidende uitdagings en beperkings hierdie state in die benutting van globale regering van openbare goedere vir die bou van menslike en tegnologiese kapasiteite in die gesig staar.
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Conradie, Tobie Tertius. "Genetic engineering of sugarcane for increased sucrose and consumer acceptance". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17826.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sugarcane is a crop that is farmed commercially due to the high amounts of sucrose that is stored within the mature internodes of the stem. Numerous studies have been done to understand sugar metabolism in this crop as well as to enhance sucrose yields. Until now sugarcane improvement strategies have been implemented through either breeding programs or transgenic manipulation. Public mistrust and regulatory hurdles, however, have made the commercialisation of transgenic crops difficult, expensive and timeconsuming. In this thesis two projects will address issues relating to the above. The first will address an effort to increase sucrose accumulation within the sugarcane culm. This was attempted via the expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar pyrophosphatase (AtV-PPase) gene, linked to the maize ubiquitin promoter, in sugarcane callus. It was anticipated that increased activity of the tonoplast-bound AtV-PPase will result in increased sucrose accumulation in the vacuole. Transgenic sugarcane callus lines were tested for soluble sugar content which suggested no significant increase in sucrose content. However, this may change upon further assessment of sugarcane suspension cultures and glasshouse plants. The second project was concerned with the development of a novel sugarcane transformation technology that utilises only sugarcane sequences. This ‘cisgenic’ approach to sugarcane transformation will require a native sugarcane promoter, terminator, vector backbone and selection marker. It was attempted to first isolate a functional promoter as well as developing a selection system based on an endogenous selection marker. A promoter was amplified from sugarcane, using primers designed on a sorghum template, and its expression assessed using a GFP reporter gene. Unfortunately expression could not be confirmed in transgenic sugarcane callus. Currently, an alternative approach is followed by using short fragments of constitutively expressed genes to screen sugarcane Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) libraries to isolate their corresponding promoters. Lastly, it was attempted to develop a selection system for transgenic sugarcane based on resistance to the herbicide chlorosulfuron. A mutant acetolactate synthase (alsb) gene from tobacco, which has shown to confer resistance to the tobacco, was transformed into sugarcane callus. It was anticipated that this gene will confer chlorosulfuron resistance to transgenic sugarcane. If resistance is achieved, the corresponding sugarcane gene will be mutated via site-directed mutagenesis and checked if it also confers resistance to sugarcane. Results showed that although transgenic lines were generated, resistance development is still inconclusive.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suikerriet is ‘n kommersiële gewas wat verbou word as gevolg van die hoë hoeveelhede sukrose wat gestoor word in die volwasse tussenknope van die stam. Verskeie studies is al gedoen om suiker metabolisme in die gewas te ondersoek, sowel as om die sukrose opbrengs te verhoog. Huidige strategieë vir suikerriet verbetering word beywer deur middel van teel-programme of transgeniese manipulasie. Die kommersialiseëring van transgeniese gewasse word egter bemoeilik deur publieke wanpersepsies, sowel as regulatoriese uitdagings. Hierdie tesis beoog om boenoemde kwessies aan te spreek, deur middel van twee projekte. Die eerste projek poog om sukrose akkumulasie in sukerriet te verhoog. Dit was onderneem om die Arabidopsis thaliana vakuolere pirofosfatase (AtV-PPase) geen, wat verbind is met die mielie ubiquitien promoter, uit te druk in suikerriet kallus. Daar was verwag dat die verhoogde aktiwiteit van die tonoplast-gebonde AtV-PPase sal veroorsaak dat meer sukrose in die vakuool akkumuleer. Oplosbare suiker inhoud was getoets in transgeniese suikerriet kallus lyne, maar geen merkbare verhoging in sukrose inhoud was waargeneem nie. Hierdie mag egter verander met verdere ondersoeke in suikerriet suspensie-kulture en glashuis-plante. Die tweede projek het beywer om ‘n nuwe suikerriet transformasie tegnologie te ontwikkel, wat slegs van suikerriet genetiese materiaal gebruik maak. Hierdie ‘cisgeniese’ benadering tot suikerriet transformasie sal ‘n inheemse suikerriet promoter, terminator, vektor ruggraat en seleksie-merker, benodig. Dit was eers beoog om ‘n funksionele promoter te isoleer, sowel as om ‘n seleksie sisteem, gebasseer op ‘n inheemse seleksie merker, te ontwikkel. Deur gebruik te maak van primers wat op ‘n sorghum templaat gebasseer is, was ‘n promotor geisoleer vanuit suikerriet; die uitdrukking hiervan is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van ‘n GFP verklikker geen. Ongelukkig kon uitdrukking nie bevestig word in transgeniese suikerriet kallus nie. Tans word suikerriet Kunsmatige Bakterieële Chromosoom (KBC) biblioteke geskandeer, deur gebruik te maak van geen-fragmente van globaal-uitgedrukte gene, om ooreenstemmende suikerriet promoters te isoleer. Die tweede deel van die cisgeniese projek het beoog om ‘n seleksie sisteem vir transgeniese suikerriet te ontwikkel, wat gebasseer is op weerstand teen die plantdoder chlorosulfuron. Suikerriet kallus was getranformeer met ‘n mutante tabak geen – asektolaktaat sintase (alsb) – wat chlorosulfuron weerstand in tabak meebring. Daar was verwag dat die geen chlorosulfuron weerstand aan transgeniese suikerriet sou oordra. Indien weerstand ontwikkel, sal die ooreenstemende suikerriet geen deur gerigte mutagenese gemuteer word; dan sal dit kan bepaal word of weerstand ook oorgedra word aan suikerriet. Daar is bevind dat alhoewel transgeniese lyne gegenereer is, daar steeds nie ‘n konklusiewe bevestiging van weerstand ontwikkeling is nie.
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Santos-Donado, Priscila Robertina dos. "Estudo proteômico de variedades de milho (Zea mays L.) obtidas por melhoramento clássico e por recombinação genética". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-26012017-141922/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
O melhoramento genético clássico de sementes milho (Zea mays L.) permitiu desenvolver inúmeras variedades, incluindo o milho com qualidade proteica melhorada (Quality Protein Maize, QPM), que visava aumentar os teores proteicos e as propriedades nutricionais. Por outro lado, novas variedades comerciais foram obtidas por vegetais geneticamente modificados (GM), com foco em parâmetros agronômicos. Em ambos os casos, a segurança dessas variedades para uso como alimento é uma das principais preocupações dos desenvolvedores e dos órgãos de regulamentação. A Equivalência Substancial é a base do sistema de avaliação da segurança de culturas geneticamente modificadas, no entanto alterações na expressão de proteínas não são devidamente analisadas e esclarecidas. As abordagens proteômicas complementam as técnicas de avaliação de biossegurança para alimentos GM, bem como permitem investigar possíveis efeitos indesejáveis derivados do melhoramento clássico. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram caracterizar e comparar os perfis proteicos de variedades de milhos convencionais melhorados (QPM) e geneticamente modificados (GMs), contra suas respectivas linhas convencionais utilizando técnicas proteômicas como eletroforese bidimensional (2-DE) e bottom up shotgun (gel-free). Num primeiro estudo, foram utilizadas três amostras de milho, sendo duas variedades convencionais com QPM (QP1 e QP2) e uma variedade convencional normal (CN). No segundo estudo, foram analisadas duas cultivares de milho GM (GM1 e GM2) e seus respectivos convencionais genitores (CG1 e CG2). As composições químicas de todas as amostras também foram avaliadas quanto a Equivalência Substancial. O extrato bruto proteico foi submetido à análise de eletroforese unidimensional (1-DE), bidimensional (2-DE) e bottom up shotgun (gel-free). As imagens dos mapas proteicos foram analisadas pelo software Image Master 2D Platinum 7.0 (GE). Os spots diferencialmente expressos e selecionados foram sequenciados por MS. Pela composição química das principais frações das amostras de milho foi possível identificar a equivalência substancial entre as amostras convencionais e GMs, bem como QPMs e sua convencional dentro das faixas de variabilidade esperadas da espécie. Nos géis 1-DE foram observadas bandas proteicas com perfis similares entre os grupos de amostras avaliadas para ambos estudos. Nas imagens dos géis 2-DE não houveram alterações extremas entre as amostras de milhos GMs e seus respectivos convencionais genitores (CGs), mas apenas diferenças na intensidade dos spots proteicos. As variedades QPMs e CN apresentaram diferenças devido à distribuição dos spots. Os mapas proteicos das amostras CG1 x GM1 e CG2 x GM2 apresentaram maior semelhança com porcentagens de matchings superiores a 70 %, enquanto as porcentagens de matchings entre variedades diferentes (QPMs e CN) foram menores. No total foram identificadas 219 proteínas das amostras CGs x GMs e QPMs x CN, classificadas quanto aos seus processos biológicos e função molecular. Em conclusão, foram encontradas diferenças entre os cultivares GMs e CGs, indicando uma variação normal entre variedades de milho, que não comprometem a segurança alimentar das amostras estudadas. Quanto às amostras com QPM e CN as diferenças encontradas são devido à sua distância nas linhagens ou germoplasma.The classic genetic breeding of corn seeds (Zea mays) has enabled the development of many varieties, including corn with improved protein quality (Quality Protein Maize, QPM), which aimed to increase protein levels and nutritional properties. On the other hand, new commercial varieties have been obtained out of genetically modified (GM) vegetables, with a focus in agronomic parameters. In both cases, the safety of these varieties for food use is one of the main concerns for the developers and for the regulatory agencies. Substantial Equivalence is the basis of the safety evaluation system for genetically modified crops, however, alterations in the protein expressions are not been properly analyzed and clarified. The protein approaches complement the techniques of biosafety evaluation for GM foods, as well as allow for possible undesirable effects derived from classic improvement to be investigated. The goals of the current studies were to characterize and compare the protein profiles of the different varieties of conventionally improved (QPM) and genetically modified (GM) corn, against their respective conventional lines using proteomic techniques, such as, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), bottom up shotgun (gel-free) and masses spectrometry (MS). In a first instance of the study, three samples of corn were used, two of conventional varieties with QPM (QP1 and QP2) and one conventional normal variety (CN). In a second instance of the study, two cultures of GM corn (GM1 and GM2) were analyzed and their respective conventional genitors (CG1 and CG2). The chemical compositions of all the samples were also evaluated for their Substantial Equivalence. The protein raw extract was submitted to analysis of one-dimensional (1-DE), two-dimensional (2-DE) electrophoresis, and bottom up shotgun (gel-free). The protein image maps were analyzed by the Image Master 2D Platinum 7.0 (GE) software. The spots which were expressed and selected differentially were sequenced by MS. By the chemical composition of the main fractions of the samples of corn, it was possible to identify the substantial equivalence between the conventional samples and GMs, likewise with OPMs and their conventional in the ranges of variability which were expected for the species. On the 1-DE gel, it was observed protein bands with similar profiles amongst the groups of evaluated samples for both studies. In the images of the 2-DE gel, there were no alterations between the GM corn and their respective conventional genitors (CGs), but only differences in intensity of the protein spots. The OPM and CN varieties presented differences due to the distribution of the spots. The protein maps of samples CG1 vs. GM1 and CG2 vs. GM2 presented greater similarities with the percentages of matchings superior to 70%, while the percentage of matchings among different varieties (QPMs and CN) were smaller. In total, there were 219 proteins identified in the samples CGs vs. GMs and QPMs vs. CN, classified by the biologic processes and molecular function. In conclusion, there were found differences between the cultures of GMs and CGs, indicating a normal variation among the corn varieties, which do not affect the food security of the studied samples. As per the samples with QPM and CN, the differences found were due to the line distances or germplasm.
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"Detection of genetically modified foods (GMFs)". 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896000.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Wong Wai Mei.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-192).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Declaration --- p.ii
Acknowledgements --- p.iii
Abstract --- p.iv
Abbreviation --- p.vi
Table of Contents --- p.vii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Section I --- The Making of Genetically Modified Organisms --- p.2
Chapter 1.1 --- Conventional breeding in agriculture --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- What is genetic engineering? --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Plant transformation --- p.5
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Agrobacterium-mediated --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Direct gene transfer --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Microparticle bombardment --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Protoplasts --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Gene silencing --- p.10
Chapter 1.4 --- Examples of genetically modified crops --- p.13
Chapter 1.5 --- Foreign genes commonly found in transgenic plants --- p.14
Chapter Section II --- Benefits and Environmental Concern of GMOs --- p.17
Chapter 2.1 --- Mechanism of GMO --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Herbicide tolerant crops --- p.18
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Insect resistant crops --- p.19
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Delayed ripening crops --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Virus resistant crops --- p.20
Chapter 2.2 --- Benefits of GMOs --- p.21
Chapter 2.3 --- Impact of GM foods to human health and the environment --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Human health --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- GM potatoes --- p.23
Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- CaMV risks? --- p.24
Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Food allergy --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Environmental concerns --- p.26
Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Horizontal gene transfer --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.2.1.1 --- Selectable marker genes --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.2.1.2 --- Herbicide resistant genes --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.2.1.3 --- Insect resistant genes --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Ecology --- p.30
Chapter 2.3.2.2.1 --- Monarch butterfly --- p.30
Chapter Section III --- Future developments of GMO --- p.32
Chapter 3.1 --- Designer Food and engineered plants --- p.32
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Insect resistance --- p.33
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Viral resistance --- p.33
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Fungal resistance --- p.34
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Nutritional quality --- p.34
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Modifications of oil composition --- p.35
Chapter 3.1.6 --- Medical applications --- p.37
Chapter 3.1.7 --- Environmental applications --- p.40
Chapter 3.1.7.1 --- Tolerance to high salinity and drought --- p.40
Chapter 3.1.7.2 --- Tolerance to frost --- p.41
Chapter 3.1.7.3 --- Bioremediation --- p.42
Chapter 3.1.7.4 --- Biodegradable products --- p.43
Chapter Section IV --- Regulation of GMO --- p.44
Chapter 4.1 --- The question of labeling --- p.44
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Moral and ethical issues --- p.44
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Animal welfare --- p.45
Chapter 4.2 --- International practice in GMO labeling --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.1 --- United States of America --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Canada --- p.48
Chapter 4.2.3 --- European Union --- p.49
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Australia and New Zealand --- p.50
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Japan --- p.51
Chapter 4.2.6 --- Republic of Korea --- p.52
Chapter 4.2.7 --- China --- p.53
Chapter 4.2.8 --- Taiwan --- p.53
Chapter 4.2.9 --- Hong Kong --- p.54
Chapter Section V --- Uses of crops --- p.56
Chapter 5.1 --- Uses of crops --- p.56
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Soybean --- p.56
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Corn --- p.57
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Tomato --- p.58
Chapter 5.1.4 --- Potato --- p.59
Chapter 5.1.5 --- Rice --- p.60
Chapter 5.1.6 --- Rapeseed --- p.61
Chapter 5.1.7 --- Oil --- p.62
Chapter 5.2 --- "Food additives, hormones and flavourings" --- p.63
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials & Methods --- p.65
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.66
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Growth media & agar --- p.66
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Reagents for agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.67
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Reagents for preparation of competent cells --- p.67
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Reagents for measurement of DNA concentration --- p.68
Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- Measurement of DNA concentration by PicoGreen --- p.68
Chapter 2.1.5 --- Reagents for Southern hybridization --- p.68
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.70
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Restriction endonuclease digestion --- p.70
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA --- p.70
Chapter 2.2.3 --- DNA recovery from agarose gel --- p.71
Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- QIAquick® gel extraction --- p.71
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Ligation of purified DNA fragment into vector --- p.72
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Transformation --- p.72
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Rubidium chloride method for making competent cells --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Plasmid DNA preparation --- p.73
Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Concert Rapid Mini Prep --- p.73
Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- QIAprep® Miniprep --- p.74
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Extraction of plant genomic DNA --- p.75
Chapter 2.2.8.1 --- Qiagen DNeasy´ёØ Plant Mini Kit --- p.75
Chapter 2.2.9 --- Southern Hybridization --- p.75
Chapter 2.2.9.1 --- Denaturation --- p.76
Chapter 2.2.9.2 --- Blot transfer --- p.76
Chapter 2.2.9.3 --- Pre-hybridization --- p.77
Chapter 2.2.9.4 --- Synthesis of radiolabelled probe --- p.77
Chapter 2.2.9.5 --- Hybridization of radiolabelled probe on filter --- p.77
Chapter 2.2.9.6. --- Detection of hybridized probes --- p.78
Chapter 2.2.10 --- Measurement of DNA concentration --- p.78
Chapter 2.2.10.1 --- Determination of DNA on EtBr stained gel --- p.78
Chapter 2.2.10.2 --- Determination of DNA by UV spectrophotometer --- p.78
Chapter 2.2.10.3 --- Determination of DNA by PicoGreen --- p.79
Chapter 2.2.11 --- DNA sequencing --- p.80
Chapter 2.2.11.1 --- Automated sequencing by ABI Prism 377 --- p.80
Chapter Chapter 3 --- PCR Diagnostics --- p.81
Chapter 3.1 --- Applications of PCR to processed foods --- p.82
Chapter 3.1.1 --- DNA quality --- p.82
Chapter 3.1.2 --- PCR & Multiplex PCR --- p.83
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Choice of primers --- p.84
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Inhibitors --- p.84
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials & Methods --- p.85
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Selection of primers --- p.85
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Amplification of target sequences --- p.86
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Multiple amplification of target sequences --- p.87
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.88
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.93
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Quality Control in GMO detection --- p.95
Chapter 4.1 --- Standardization of pre- and post- PCR analysis --- p.96
Chapter 4.1.1 --- General guidelines --- p.96
Chapter 4.1.2 --- UV irradiation --- p.97
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Inactivation protocols --- p.93
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Positive and negative controls --- p.99
Chapter 4.1.5 --- PCR verification --- p.99
Chapter 4.1.6 --- Equipment decontamination --- p.100
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials & Methods --- p.101
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Selection of primers for external control --- p.101
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Development of the external control --- p.101
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Selection of primers for internal control --- p.103
Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.104
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.107
Chapter Chapter 5 --- DNA extraction from food samples --- p.110
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.111
Chapter 5.2 --- Reagents and Buffers for DNA extraction from food samples --- p.112
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction method --- p.112
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Organic-based extraction method --- p.113
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Potassium acetate/sodium dodecyl sulphate precipitation method --- p.113
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Hexane-based extraction method --- p.114
Chapter 5.3 --- Weight and names of samples --- p.115
Chapter 5.4 --- DNA extraction methods --- p.115
Chapter 5.4.1 --- CTAB extraction method --- p.115
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Qiagen DNeasy´ёØ plant mini kit --- p.116
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Promega Wizard® genomic DNA purification --- p.116
Chapter 5.4.4 --- Promega Wizard® Magnetic DNA purification system --- p.117
Chapter 5.4.5 --- Promega Wizard® DNA Clean-Up system --- p.118
Chapter 5.4.6 --- Qiagen QIAshreddrer´ёØ and QIAamp spin column --- p.119
Chapter 5.4.7 --- Chelex-based extraction method --- p.119
Chapter 5.4.8 --- Organic-based extraction method --- p.120
Chapter 5.4.9 --- Nucleon PhytoPure extraction and purification method --- p.120
Chapter 5.4.10 --- Potassium acetate/SDS precipitation method --- p.121
Chapter 5.4.11 --- Hexane-based extraction method --- p.122
Chapter 5.5 --- Results --- p.123
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Comparison of eleven extraction methods --- p.123
Chapter 5.5.2 --- Comparison of DNA extraction on selected methods --- p.125
Chapter 5.6 --- Discussion --- p.132
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Quantitative Analysis --- p.136
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.137
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Chemistry of quantitative PCR --- p.138
Chapter 6.1.2 --- PCR system --- p.140
Chapter 6.2 --- Materials & Methods --- p.142
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Design of primers and probes --- p.142
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Methods --- p.145
Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.146
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Selection of primer/probe --- p.146
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Primer optimization --- p.149
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Quantitative analysis of real samples --- p.158
Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.152
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.168
References --- p.175
Appendix --- p.193
48
Liou, Hang-Yu, e 劉航宇. "Public Perceived Risk toward Genetically Modified Foods". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14407392675579131482.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士淡江大學
企業管理學系碩士班
102
The attitudes and perceived risk of GM foods toward people will affect it''s consumer behavior. To investigate the effects of perceived risks in GM food, most researchers use the gene technology acceptance model to measure the relationship of path analysis. More commonly used variables are the degree of trust and knowledge, and it have an impact on perceived risk and perceived benefits respectively, thereby affecting the attitude of GM. In this study, refer to this model and add a new dimension (intergenerational influence), the purpose is to understand the relationship about intergenerational influence, food neophobia, social trust, GM knowledge, perceived risk, perceived benefit and behavioral intentions. In this study, samples taken from Taiwan, we retrieved 423 valid samples. First we start pilot test to identify the item of reliability and validity, then using confirmatory factor analysis to determine the factor structure between variables and potential variables. In the end, we use path analysis to assess the relationship between variables of structural equation model. Our study developed a structural model ,and the results of structural equation modeling analysis give evidence that GM knowledge and intergenerational influence have positive impacts on the perceived risk,but social trust have negative impact on the perceived benefits. while the perceived risk and food neophobia have negative impacts on the behavioral intention,but the perceived benefits have positive impacts on the behavioral intention. The contribution of this study is that more understanding the mechanism between perception and behavior intention, and our study try to add a new dimension to probe the structural model, in addition, our study by clustering groups to understand the impact of differences. Our Study included management implications and recommends for manufacturers and government, as well as the future direction of research.
49
Catizone, Ilaria. "Public opinion on labelling of genetically modified foods". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151514.
Texto completo da fonte
50
Wang, Ching-Yi, e 王晴怡. "Measuring Public Attitude of Genetically Modified Foods in Taiwan". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06447246777251908793.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立交通大學
經營管理研究所
89
Genetically modified foods have arisen many controversies in European and America. In Taiwan, public still has low awareness of these foods, but we can see food manufacturers label their foods as non-GM. The exposure information content will influence public attitude along with availability of other relevant reports. Public attitude will decide the direction of development of genetic engineering. The aim of this study is to understand public attitude formulation towards the new product, genetically modified foods. Based on the previous literature, Hoban, Woodrum and Czaja (1992) proposed awareness and the results indicated that people with low awareness have opposed attitude toward genetic engineering on food and agriculture. This study proposed prior exposure information content, a type of awareness, and interested in its influence on attitude. The results indicated that gender, prior exposure information content, and age are three predictors of attitude formulation. Therefore, we can conclude that (1) women have more opposed attitude than men have, (2) people with net positive prior exposure information content have greater positive attitude, (3) the young have greater positive attitude than the elder. All of these findings give important application. Women are the main consumers consuming foods; therefore, food manufacturers should pay attention on this result and their acceptability of genetically modified foods. While exposure information content become more and more available, public attitude will change; therefore, these transmitting information should be neutral to provide consumers to make subjective decisions. The young will be the major decision makers in the future. They have positive attitude may due to environmental consideration. Using genetic engineering may decrease the use of agriculture chemicals. Environmental preservation may be the most persuasive reason to persuade public to accept the genetically modified foods. Genetically modified foods cover many fields, including education, communication, and label. Education and communication will provide public knowledge to participate, and interact effectively. Public should be given rights to do consuming choice by labeling genetically modified foods.