Artigos de revistas: "Gd00"

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Stenhouse, Claire, Peter Tennant, W. Colin Duncan e Cheryl J. Ashworth. "Doppler ultrasound can be used to monitor umbilical arterial blood flow in lightly sedated pigs at multiple gestational ages". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, n.º 11 (2018): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd17298.

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Doppler ultrasound was performed under moderate sedation (ketamine and azaperone) for 30 min to monitor umbilical arterial (UA) blood flow in one uterine horn of Large White × Landrace gilts (n = 23) at Gestational Days (GD) 30, 45, 60 and 90. Gilts were scanned before they were killed to examine relationships between litter size, sex ratio and five UA parameters (peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), A/B (PSV to EDV) ratio, fetal heart rate (FHR) and resistance index (RI)). In gilts in which scans were obtained from all fetuses in the scanned horn, relationships between UA parameters, and fetal weight and sex were examined. A subset of gilts were sedated, scanned and recovered (SSR) earlier in gestation (GD30 or GD45) to assess the effects of sedation on later fetal development by comparison with control litters (no previous sedation). Temporal changes were observed in all UA parameters (P ≤ 0.001). At GD60 and GD90, FHR decreased with increasing duration of sedation (P ≤ 0.001). Sex ratio and fetal weight affected UA blood flow, whereas litter size and fetal sex did not. SSR at GD30 and GD45 was associated with decreased fetal weight at GD60 (P ≤ 0.001) and GD90 (P = 0.06) respectively, compared with controls. These results suggest maternal sedation during gestation affects fetal development, which should be investigated further. Measuring UA blood flow in growth-restricted porcine fetuses throughout gestation may be feasible.

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Stenhouse, Claire, Charis O. Hogg e Cheryl J. Ashworth. "Association of foetal size and sex with porcine foeto-maternal interface integrin expression". Reproduction 157, n.º 4 (abril de 2019): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-18-0520.

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Integrins regulate adhesion at the foeto-maternal interface by interacting with secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and fibronectin (FN). It is hypothesised that impaired foetal growth of ‘runt’ piglets is linked to altered integrin signalling at the foeto-maternal interface. Placental and endometrial samples associated with the lightest and closest to mean litter weight (CTMLW) (gestational day (GD18, 30, 45, 60 and 90), of both sex (GD30, 45, 60 and 90) (n = 5–8 litters/GD), Large White × Landrace conceptuses or foetuses were obtained. The mRNA expression of the integrin subunits (ITG) ITGA2, ITGAV, ITGB1, ITGB3, ITGB5, ITGB6, ITGB8, SPP1 and FN was quantified by qPCR. Temporal changes in mRNA expression were observed, with different profiles in the two tissues. Endometrial ITGB1 (P ≤ 0.05, GD45) and SPP1 (P ≤ 0.05, all GD combined and GD60) expression was decreased in samples supplying the lightest compared to the CTMLW foetuses. Placentas supplying female foetuses had decreased expression of ITGB6 (GD45, P ≤ 0.05) and FN (GD90, P ≤ 0.05) compared to those supplying male foetuses. Endometrial samples supplying females had increased ITGB3 (P ≤ 0.05, GD60) and FN (P ≤ 0.05, GD30) expression and decreased SPP1 (P ≤ 0.05, GD60) expression compared to male foetuses. Correlations between mean within-gilt mRNA expression and percentage prenatal survival, number of live foetuses or conceptuses and percentage male foetuses were observed. This study has highlighted novel and dynamic associations between foetal size, sex and integrin subunit mRNA expression at the porcine foeto-maternal interface. Further studies should be performed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms behind these novel findings.

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Stenhouse, Claire, Charis O. Hogg e Cheryl J. Ashworth. "Novel relationships between porcine fetal size, sex, and endometrial angiogenesis†". Biology of Reproduction 101, n.º 1 (23 de abril de 2019): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioz068.

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Abstract It is hypothesized that growth restriction occurs due to inadequate vascularization of the feto-maternal interface. Evidence exists for sexual dimorphism in placental function although associations between fetal sex and the endometrium remain poorly investigated. This study investigated the relationship between porcine fetal size, sex and endometrial angiogenesis at multiple gestational days (GD). Endometrial samples supplying the lightest and closest to mean litter weight (CTMLW), male and female Large White X Landrace conceptuses or fetuses were obtained at GD18, 30, 45, 60, and 90 (n = 5–9 litters/GD). Immunohistochemistry for CD31 revealed a greater number of blood vessels in endometrium supplying females compared to those supplying males at GD45. Endometrial samples supplying the lightest fetuses had fewer blood vessels (GD60) and uterine glands (GD90) compared to those supplying the CTMLW fetuses. Quantitative PCR revealed decreased CD31 (GD60), HPSE and VEGFA (GD90) expression, alongside increased HIF1A (GD45) expression in endometrial samples supplying the lightest compared to the CTMLW fetuses. At GD30, PTGFR, CD31, and VEGFA mRNA expression was increased in samples supplying female fetuses compared to those supplying male fetuses. Intriguingly, decreased expression of ACP5, CD31, HIF1A, and VEGFA mRNAs was observed at GD60 in endometrial samples supplying female fetuses compared to those supplying their male littermates. Endothelial cell branching assays demonstrated impaired endothelial cell branching in response to conditioned media from endometrial samples supplying the lightest and female fetuses compared with the CTMLW and male fetuses, respectively. This study has highlighted that endometrial tissues supplying the lightest and female fetuses have impaired angiogenesis when compared with the CTMLW and female fetuses respectively. Importantly, the relationship between fetal size, sex and endometrial vascularity is dynamic and dependent upon the GD investigated.

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Knapczyk-Stwora, Katarzyna, Malgorzata Durlej-Grzesiak, Renata E. Ciereszko, Marek Koziorowski e Maria Slomczynska. "Antiandrogen flutamide affects folliculogenesis during fetal development in pigs". REPRODUCTION 145, n.º 3 (março de 2013): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-12-0236.

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Androgen deficiency during prenatal development may affect the expression of genes involved in the folliculogenesis regulation. In order to study the effect of antiandrogen on fetal ovarian development, pregnant gilts were injected with flutamide (for 7 days, 50 mg/kg body weight per day) or corn oil (control groups) starting on gestation days 43 (GD50), 83 (GD90), or 101 (GD108). The obtained fetal ovaries were fixed for histology and immunohistochemistry or frozen for real-time PCR. Morphological evaluation, TUNEL assay, and expression of selected factors (Ki-67, GATA binding transcription factor 4 (GATA4), E-Cadherin and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)) were performed. On GD90 and GD108, ovaries following flutamide administration showed a higher number of egg nests and lower number of follicles than those in respective control groups. An increased mRNA and protein expression of Ki-67 was observed in flutamide-treated groups compared with controls on GD50 and GD108 but decreased expression was found on GD90. In comparison to control groups a higher percentage of TUNEL-positive cells was shown after flutamide exposure on GD50 and GD90 and a lower percentage of apoptotic cells was observed on GD108. These data were consistent with changes in TNF (TNFα) mRNA expression, which increased on GD90 and decreased on GD108. E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression was upregulated on GD50 and downregulated on GD90 and GD108. In conclusion diminished androgen action in porcine fetal ovaries during mid- and late gestation leads to changes in the expression of genes crucial for follicle formation. Consequently, delayed folliculogenesis was observed on GD90 and GD108. It seems however that androgens exhibit diverse biological effects depending on the gestational period.

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Agoh, Charly Fernand, Mahaman Bachir Saley, Tacra Thierry Lekadou, Saraka Didier Martial Yao, Pierre-Marie Janvier Coffi, N’klo François Hala e Bi Tié Albert Goula. "Impacts of climate variability on the production of Dwarf x Tall and Tall x Tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) palm hybrids planted on the coast in Côte d'Ivoire". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, n.º 2 (31 de maio de 2023): 451–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i2.14.

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The Ivorian coast is the main coconut production area where agriculture is mainly rainfed. However, in this area, climate variability poses a great threat to the growth and sustainable development of agriculture. This study aimed at highlighting the impacts of climate variability on the production of the most popular Dwarf x Tall and Tall x Tall coconut palm hybrids in the world. It is based on the evaluation of the production of the hybrids from statistical tests (ANOVA, STUDENT's T-test at 5%) and the results of the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration indices (SPEI) during the period of 2009 to 2018 of the study area. The results obtained revealed that the NJM×GOA+ hybrid was significantly differentiated by its good production potential of bunches (10 bunches), fruits (151 nuts) and copra (3.69 t). The maximum fruit production per year was observed in the Dwarf × Tall hybrids (101 nuts). The highest mass productions of copra per tree and copra per hectare were recorded in the Tall × Tall hybrids. The maximum productions of the ten hybrids were observed in 2012, 2015 and 2018 and the lowest in 2014 and 2017. Productions gradually increase or remain stable for consecutive wet years (2009 to 2011) prior to harvest. The onset of drought in one year (2012, 2013, 2015, 2016) and pronounced for two consecutive dry years (2012 to 2013 and 2015 to 2016) prior to harvest significantly decrease the level of production. These cumulative effects of drought are most pronounced in NRC×GRL+, NRM×GTN, NJM×GD001, NJM×GD002, and NJM×GD003 hybrids. NJM×GOA+, GVT×GTN, GSL×GTN, NRM×GVT, and NVS×GVT hybrids are developing abilities to express themselves better under this climate variability. They could be taken into account in the crop improvement program and proposed to growers to improve the yield of coconut trees under rainfed conditions.

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Kleinbussink, Chanta’l, Flora Kiss, Morton Frankson, Andrew Y. Finlay e Jui Vyas. "GD09 GD10 Impact of chronic conditions on the quality of life of patients and their family members". British Journal of Dermatology 191, Supplement_1 (28 de junho de 2024): i165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae090.348.

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Abstract This study aimed to determine impact of chronic conditions on the quality of life (QoL) of patients and their family members. A cross-sectional correlational study was undertaken in the Bahamas and Wales, involving patients aged > 18 years with psoriasis, acne, eczema and hidradenitis suppurativa. Patients in both countries completed the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). In the Bahamas, children (aged 4–16 years) also completed the Children’s DLQI (CDLQI). Family members (> 18 years) completed the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM)-16 and the Family DLQI (FDLQI). Patients in the Bahamas with other chronic conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease) completed the WHOQOL-BREF, and children (4–16 years) completed the KINDLR. Their family members (> 18 years) completed FROM-16. The 436 participants were from Wales (20%) and the Bahamas (80%). Of the 203 adult patients, 74% identified as Black, 21% as White and 5% as mix, multiple ethnic groups or other. Of 218 family members, 77% identified as Black, 19% as White, and 4% as mix, multiple ethnic groups or other. In Wales the mean DLQI score was 13.8 (SD 7.7, n = 44), indicating very large impact on QoL. Family members’ FROM-16 mean score was 8.7 (SD 6.7, n = 44), indicating moderate effect on QoL. The FDLQI mean score was 7.7 (SD 6.7, n = 44). DLQI and FDLQI scores [rsp = 0.61, P (two-tailed) = 0.01, n = 88] and DLQI and FROM-16 scores [rsp = 0.59, P (two-tailed) = 0.01, n = 88] were strongly positively correlated. FROM-16 and FDLQI scores were very strongly positively correlated [rsp = 0.74, P (two-tailed) = 0.01, n = 44]. In the Bahamas the mean DLQI score was 7.4 (SD 5, n = 34), indicating moderate impact on QoL. The FROM-16 mean score for family members of adult patients was 3.5 (SD 4.5, n = 45), indicating small effect on QoL. The FDLQI mean score was 3.0 (SD 3.7, n = 45). DLQI and FDLQI scores [rsp = 0.34, P (two-tailed) = 0.05, n = 68] were moderately positively correlated. FROM-16 and FDLQI scores were strongly positively correlated [rsp = 0.61, P (two-tailed) < 0.001, n = 45]. Children’s mean CDLQI score was 7 (SD 4.3, n = 11), indicating moderate effect on QoL. Their family members’ mean FROM-16 score was 3.1 (SD 2.4, n = 11), indicating small impact. The FDLQI mean score was 3.6 (SD 4.4, n = 11). The CDLQI and FDLQI [rsp = 0.60, P (two-tailed) = 0.05, n = 22] and CDLQI and FROM-16 personal/social domain scores [rsp = 0.67, P (two-tailed) = 0.03, n = 22] were strongly positively correlated. FROM-16 and FDLQI scores [rsp = 0.72, P (two-tailed) < 0.01, n = 11] were strongly positively correlated. The mean WHOQOL-BREF for other chronic conditions was 56.4 (SD 8.9, n = 125) and the mean KINDLR score was 74.5 (SD 12.5, n = 4). Their family members’ FROM-16 mean score was 6.3 (SD 5.5, n = 129), indicating small impact on QoL. The WHOQOL-BREF and FROM-16 scores [rsp = −0.28, P (two-tailed) = 0.001] were weakly negatively correlated. Validated QoL questionnaires can be used to measure impact on QoL in different countries. Family members experience a substantial impact on QoL. Skin disease can impact the QoL of family members just as much as family members of people with other noncutaneous chronic diseases. The data provide a challenge to clinicians to identify severely affected family members and assist them further.

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Strawn, Monica, Joao G. N. Moraes, Timothy J. Safranski e Susanta K. Behura. "Sexually Dimorphic Transcriptomic Changes of Developing Fetal Brain Reveal Signaling Pathways and Marker Genes of Brain Cells in Domestic Pigs". Cells 10, n.º 9 (16 de setembro de 2021): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092439.

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In this study, transcriptomic changes of the developing brain of pig fetuses of both sexes were investigated on gestation days (GD) 45, 60 and 90. Pig fetal brain grows rapidly around GD60. Consequently, gene expression of the fetal brain was distinctly different on GD90 compared to that of GD45 and GD60. In addition, varying numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the male brain compared to the female brain during development. The sex of adjacent fetuses also influenced gene expression of the fetal brain. Extensive changes in gene expression at the exon-level were observed during brain development. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the ionotropic glutamate receptor pathway and p53 pathway were enriched in the female brain, whereas specific receptor-mediated signaling pathways were enriched in the male brain. Marker genes of neurons and astrocytes were significantly differentially expressed between male and female brains during development. Furthermore, comparative analysis of gene expression patterns between fetal brain and placenta suggested that genes related to ion transportation may play a key role in the regulation of the brain-placental axis in pig. Collectively, the study suggests potential application of pig models to better understand influence of fetal sex on brain development.

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Iqbal, Majid, William Gibb e Stephen G. Matthews. "Corticosteroid Regulation of P-Glycoprotein in the Developing Blood-Brain Barrier". Endocrinology 152, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2011): 1067–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1227.

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The early fetal brain is susceptible to teratogens in the maternal circulation, because brain microvessel expression of drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is very low. However, there is a dramatic up-regulation of brain microvessel P-gp in late gestation. This study investigated the role of cortisol and dexamethasone in this up-regulation of fetal brain microvessel P-gp expression. Primary brain endothelial cell (BEC) cultures derived from gestational d (GD)40, GD50, GD65 (term, ∼68 d) and postnatal d 14 male guinea pigs were treated with varying doses (10−8 to 10−5m) of cortisol, dexamethasone, and aldosterone. After treatment, P-gp function was assessed using calcein-acetoxymethyl ester (P-gp substrate; 1 μm for 1 h) and measuring BEC accumulation of calcein. Corticosteroid treatment of BECs derived from postnatal d 14 resulted in increased P-gp activity. BECs derived from GD65 (near term) responded similarly, but these cells were extremely sensitive to the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor agonists (cortisol and aldosterone). BECs derived from GD50 displayed dose-dependent increases in P-gp function with dexamethasone (P < 0.05) and a trend towards increased function with cortisol. Cells derived from GD40 were unresponsive to all treatments. In conclusion, P-gp function in BECs is more responsive to glucocorticoids (GCs) in late gestation. Therefore, the late gestational surge in fetal plasma GCs, which parallels the increase in brain microvessel P-gp expression, may contribute to this P-gp up-regulation. Further, synthetic GCs (administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery) may increase the protective capacity of the developing fetal blood-brain barrier, depending on the timing of GC exposure.

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Damani, Namiz, Adam Gold, S. Krishnakumar e Paul Devakar Yesudian. "GD04 Erythroderma: uncovering the culprit". British Journal of Dermatology 191, Supplement_1 (28 de junho de 2024): i162—i163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae090.343.

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Abstract A middle-aged man presented to clinic in South India with a 1-year history of a widespread rash involving his whole body. There was no pre-existing skin condition. It appeared to be a possible inflammatory dermatosis and he was prescribed fixed-dose combination topical agents, including topical steroids (clobetasol propionate), topical antibiotics (gentamicin and neomycin), and a combination of an oral antifungal (terbinafine) and topical antifungals (clotrimazole and miconazole). On examination, there were numerous large, scaly plaques coalescing to an erythrodermic morphology. He was reviewed by two dermatologists, who commenced him on a reducing course of prednisolone. Due to nonresponse he was then started on ciclosporin 2.5 mg kg−1 per day. However, the condition continued to worsen. A skin biopsy was taken; this demonstrated hyperkeratosis with multiple fungal filaments consistent with extensive dermatophytosis. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in recalcitrant dermatophytosis seen in India. A recent multicentre study notes that the inaccessibility of adequate antifungal susceptibility testing results in excessively long treatment durations with poorly selected drugs and experimentation in medication dosage and frequency, which in turn contribute to drug resistance and the emergence of new strains (Ebert A, Monod M, Salamin K et al. Alarming India-wide phenomenon of antifungal resistance in dermatophytes: a multicentre study. Mycoses 2020; 63: 717–28). Trichophyton indotineae (previously known as Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VIII) is a newly identified dermatophyte species and has outpaced Trichophyton rubrum as the major causative agent of tinea cruris, tinea corporis and tinea faciei in India (Uhrlaß S, Verma SB, Gräser Y et al. Trichophyton indotineae – an emerging pathogen causing recalcitrant dermatophytoses in India and worldwide – a multidimensional perspective. J Fungi 2022; 8: 757). It has since spread to many countries globally. It is particularly problematic due to its resistance to terbinafine as a result of point mutations within the squalene epoxidase gene. Clinically, T. indotineae infections are extensive, involving multiple sites with symptoms of pain, pruritis and localized burning. Infection characteristically follows a chronic and relapsing clinical course, with an average duration of 9 months. The drug of choice is itraconazole 100 mg twice daily for 4–8 weeks, with fluconazole and griseofulvin as second-line options. Adequate hygiene measures are crucial to avert transmission and reinfection. This case highlights the issue of recalcitrant dermatophytosis in the subcontinent, emphasizing the need for improved antifungal susceptibility testing and judicious use of medications to curb drug resistance.

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Roselli, Charles E., Radhika C. Reddy, Charles T. Estill, Melissa Scheldrup, Mary Meaker, Fred Stormshak e Hernán J. Montilla. "Prenatal Influence of an Androgen Agonist and Antagonist on the Differentiation of the Ovine Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus in Male and Female Lamb Fetuses". Endocrinology 155, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 2014): 5000–5010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-2176.

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The ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus (oSDN) is 2 times larger in rams than in ewes. Sexual differentiation of the oSDN is produced by testosterone exposure during the critical period occurring between gestational day (GD)60 and GD90 (term, 147 d). We tested the hypothesis that testosterone acts through the androgen receptor to control development of the male-typical oSDN. In experiment 1, pregnant ewes received injections of vehicle, androgen receptor antagonist flutamide, or nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) propionate during the critical period. Fetuses were delivered at GD135. Both antagonist and agonist treatments significantly reduced mean oSDN volume in males but had no effects in females. Experiment 2, we analyzed the effect of treatments on the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to determine whether compensatory changes in hormone secretion occurred that could explain the effect of DHT. Pregnant ewes were injected with vehicle, flutamide, or DHT propionate from GD60 to GD84, and fetuses were delivered on GD85. Flutamide significantly increased LH and testosterone in males, whereas DHT significantly decreased both hormones. In females, LH was unaffected by flutamide but significantly reduced by DHT exposure. DHT significantly decreased pituitary gonadotropin and hypothalamic kisspeptin mRNA expression in males and females. These results suggest that androgen receptor mediates the effect of testosterone on oSDN masculinization, because this process was blocked by the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide in eugonadal males. In contrast, the reduction of oSDN volume observed after DHT exposure appears to be mediated by a negative feedback mechanism exerted on the hypothalamus to reduce LH and testosterone secretion. The reduced androgen exposure most likely accounted for the decreased oSDN volume. We conclude that, during the critical period, the male reproductive axis in long gestation species, such as sheep, is sufficiently developed to react to perturbations in serum androgens and mitigate disruptions in brain masculinization.

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Tadout, Mohamed, Charles-Henri Lambert, Mohammed El Hadri, Abdelilah Benyoussef, Mohammed Hamedoun, Mohammed Benaissa, Omar Mounkachi e Stéphane Mangin. "Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect in Gd100-xCox Thin Films". Crystals 9, n.º 6 (28 de maio de 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060278.

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We investigated the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Gd100-xCox ( x = 40 to 56) thin films fabricated by the sputtering technique. Under an applied field change Δ H = 20 kOe , the magnetic entropy change ( Δ S m ) decreases from 2.64 Jkg−1K−1 for x = 44 to about 1.27 Jkg−1K−1 for x = 56. Increasing the Co concentration from x = 40 to 56 shifts the Curie temperature of Gd100-xCox ( x = 40 to 56) thin films from 180 K toward 337 K. Moreover, we extracted the values of critical parameters Tc, β, γ, and δ by using the modified Arrott plot methods. The results indicate the presence of a long-range ferromagnetic order. More importantly, we showed that the relative cooling power (RCP), which is a key parameter in magnetic refrigeration applications, is strongly enhanced by changing the Co concentration in the Gd100-xCox thin films. Our findings help pave the way toward the enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in magnetic thin films.

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Pasha, Mazhar, Raven Kirschenman, Amy Wooldridge, Floor Spaans, Christy-Lynn M. Cooke e Sandra T. Davidge. "The Effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) Treatment on Pregnancy Outcomes and Vascular Function in a Rat Model of Advanced Maternal Age". Antioxidants 11, n.º 7 (28 de junho de 2022): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071275.

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Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) increases the risk of vascular complications in pregnancy that can result in fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes in these complicated pregnancies. However, the role of ER stress in advanced maternal age is not known. We hypothesize that increased ER stress contributes to altered vascular function and poor pregnancy outcomes, and that treatment with the ER-stress inhibitor TUDCA will improve pregnancy outcomes. First, young and aged non-pregnant/pregnant rats were used to assess ER stress markers in mesenteric arteries; mesenteric artery phospho-eIF2α and CHOP expression were increased in aged dams compared to young dams. In a second study, young and aged control and TUDCA-treated dams were studied on gestational day (GD) 20 (term = 22 days). TUDCA treatment was provided via the drinking water throughout pregnancy (GD0-GD20; calculated dose of 150 mg/kg/day TUDCA). ER stress markers were quantified in mesenteric arteries, blood pressure was measured, pregnancy outcomes were recorded, mesenteric and main uterine arteries were isolated and vascular function was assessed by wire myography. Aged dams had increased phospho-eIF2α and CHOP expression, reduced fetal weight, reduced litter size, and impaired uterine artery relaxation. In the aged dams, TUDCA treatment reduced phospho-eIF2α and CHOP expression, reduced blood pressure, improved fetal body weight, and tended to improve uterine artery function compared to control-treated aged dams. In conclusion, our data illustrate the role of ER stress, as well as TUDCA as a potential therapeutic that may benefit pregnancy outcomes in advanced maternal age.

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Zhang, Cheng, Huan Cui, Ligong Chen, Wanzhe Yuan, Shishan Dong, Yunyi Kong, Zhendong Guo e Juxiang Liu. "Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Goose-Origin H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4h in Mammals". Viruses 14, n.º 11 (5 de novembro de 2022): 2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112454.

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Throughout the last decade, H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulating in poultry and infecting humans have caused increasing global concerns that they might become a pandemic threat to global health. Since AIVs could occasionally cause asymptomatic infections in geese, virus monitoring in such a host should be critical to the control of cross-species infection. In addition, previous studies showed that clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs could infect mammals without adaptation. However, the pathogenicity and transmissibility of goose-origin clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs in mammals remain unknown. In this study, two H5N6 AIVs were isolated from a domestic chicken (A/chicken/Hebei CK05/2019 (H5N6)) and a goose (A/goose/Hebei/GD07/2019(H5N6)). This study is the first to evaluate the pathogenicity and transmissibility of goose-origin clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs in mammals by comparison with chicken-origin 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs. The CK05 virus had an affinity for α-2,3-receptors, while the GD07 virus had an affinity for both α-2,3-and α-2,6-receptors. The GD07 virus had a higher replication capacity in vitro and more severe pathogenicity in mice than the CK05 virus. The CK05 virus could not be transmitted effectively among guinea pigs, whereas the GD07 virus could be transmitted through direct contact among guinea pigs. The results of this study indicated the potential health threat of clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs to mammals and emphasized the importance of continuous monitoring of H5N6 AIVs, especially in waterfowl.

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Taskaev, S., K. Skokov, D. Karpenkov, V. Khovaylo, V. Buchelnikov, D. Zherebtsov, M. Ulyanov, D. Bataev, M. Drobosyuk e A. Pellenen. "Magnetocaloric Properties of Severe Plastic Deformed Gd100-xYxAlloys". Acta Physica Polonica A 127, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2015): 641–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.127.641.

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de Wit, K., M. Mercuri e A. Worster. "GD05: Careful Anticoagulation Review in Emergency Medicine (CARe-EM)". CJEM 19, S1 (maio de 2017): S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.165.

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Background: The number of patients prescribed anticoagulation for stroke prevention is increasing, along with the proportion of emergency department (ED) patients who are anticoagulant users. Bleeding is the most common side effect. Inappropriate dosing, co-prescription of anti-inflammatories or aspirin, and renal impairment all increase the bleeding risk. An ED visit is an opportunity to review anticoagulant bleeding risks and intervene to prevent bleeding in patients at high risk. Objectives: To establish the 12-month incidence of bleeding in anticoagulated patients visiting the ED, to develop an ED specific anticoagulant-associated bleeding prediction score, to evaluate the ED utility of existing prediction scores. Methods: Research ethics board approval has been granted. Patients will be identified in Hamilton General and Juravinski EDs. Each patient will be followed forward in time for 12 months to document bleeding events. Population: Inclusion criteria: ED patients prescribed warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban, edoxaban or low molecular weight heparin (prevalent users). Exclusion criteria: Patients under 16 years of age. Primary outcome: The incidence of major bleeding (defined by ISTH criteria) within 12 months from the index ED visit. Secondary outcomes: Derivation of an ED prediction score to identify patients at high risk of anticoagulant-associated bleeding within 12 months. Tertiary outcomes: Evaluation of ATRIA, modified HAS-BLED and HEMORR2HAGES scores utility in predicting bleeding within 12 months. Data management: The data will be stored anonymously and securely on RedCAP. A literature search/expert discussion has identified multiple potential risk factors for bleeding. This data is collected at the time of the index ED presentation. A committee of emergency, thrombosis, gastroenterology and cardiology physicians will review each major bleeding case. Analysis: Primary analysis: a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify variables associated with major bleeding diagnosed within 12 months of the index presentation. Using the model β coefficients we will derive a simple clinical decision rule. Secondary analysis: assessing the area under the curve and optimal cut points for pre-existing bleeding prediction scores for predicting major bleeding within 12 months. Sample size calculation: With 3000 patients we expect 2700 to be anticoagulated long term, and at least 135/2700 patients will have a major bleed. This is a sufficient number for multivariate analysis to establish a simple model. We estimate 20,000 anticoagulated ED patient attendances/year. Importance: This is the first study to consider the ED visit an opportunity to prevent bleeding. We will establish a method to identify ED patients at high risk of anticoagulant-associated bleeding.

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Shand, P. M., D. C. Schmitter, G. Rojas, J. E. Shield, J. Goertzen, A. L. Meyer, T. M. Pekarek, M. J. Kramer e D. L. Leslie-Pelecky. "Correlating structure with ferromagnetism in melt-spun Gd100−xFex". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509, n.º 6 (fevereiro de 2011): 3000–3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.11.185.

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Dobbie, P. D., R. Napiwotzki, N. Lodieu, M. R. Burleigh, M. A. Barstow e R. F. Jameson. "On the origin of the ultramassive white dwarf GD50". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 373, n.º 1 (1 de novembro de 2006): L45—L49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00240.x.

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Ließ, Henning, Frank Steffen e Gerd Meyer. "Quaternary chlorides and bromides with interstitially stabilized double octahedra, A2[Gd10(C2)2]Cl19 (A = Rb, Cs), A2[Gd10(C2)2]Br19 (A = K,Rb), Rb2[Tb10(C2)2]Br19, and K2[Gd10(C2)2]Br20". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 246, n.º 1-2 (janeiro de 1997): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(96)02476-0.

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Sjattar, Irfan Faisal, Syafruddin Gaus, Andi Salahuddin e Arifin Seweng. "COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSAGES OF COMBINATION OF INTRAVENOUS GRANISETRON WITH INTRAVENOUS DEXAMETHASONE AS A PROPHYLAXIS FOR NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN CAESAREAN SECTION WITH SUBARACHNOID BLOCK". Jurnal Kesehatan 15, n.º 1 (5 de junho de 2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/kesehatan.v15i1.25811.

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Granisetron can be used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as well as during or after surgery. To compare the effects of two doses of intravenous granisetron on nausea and vomiting in Caesarean section with subarachnoid block. This study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Subjects were randomized into two groups: Granisetron 10 mcg/kg (GD10) and granisetron 25 mcg/kg (GD25). Dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg was also administered to all subjects. A total of 21 subjects were included for each group. Data was analyzed using Mann Whitney U test. The results When comparing the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the GD10 and GD25 groups, there was a significant difference in the incidence of nausea (p = 0.001). In the GD10 group, there were nine participants who experienced nausea, whereas the GD25 group had none. Neither of the groups experienced vomiting, hence no additional therapy given to both groups. Granisetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and an effective antiemetic during and after neuraxial anesthesia for Caesarean section. The combination of granisetron and dexamethasone has been reported to be more potent than granisetron alone. Administration of granisetron 25 mcg/kg had a positive impact on patients, with no incidence of nausea and vomiting compared to administration of granisetron 10 mcg/kg.

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Mkhabela, Manasah, Guy Ash, Mike Grenier e Paul Bullock. "Testing the suitability of thermal time models for forecasting spring wheat phenological development in western Canada". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 2016): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2015-0351.

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Predicting crop development stages is fundamental to many aspects of agronomy (e.g., pesticides and fertilizer applications). Temperature is the main factor affecting plant development and its impact on crop development is often measured using thermal-time. We compared different thermal-time models to identify the best model for simulating spring wheat development in western Canada. Models compared include (i) North-Dakota growing-degree-day (NDGDD), (ii) growing-degree-day base-temperature zero (GDD0), (iii) growing-degree-day base-temperature five (GDD5), (iv) beta-function (BF), and (v) modified-beta-function (MBF). We utilised agro-meteorological data collected across western Canada from 2009–2011. Results showed that accumulated heat units/daily growth rates from the different models correlated well with spring wheat phenology with R2 ≥ 0.91 and P < 0.001. However, when the developed models were used to predict time (calendar-days) from planting to anthesis for cultivar AC-Barrie, the BF and MBF models performed poorly. Average predicted times from planting to anthesis by NDGDD, GDD0, GDD5, BF, and MBF models were 63, 63, 62, 65, and 64 d, respectively; while the actual observed time was 60 d. Root-mean-square error (RMSE) for NDGDD was 4 d, 5 d for GDD0 and GDD5, and 6 d for BF and MBF. These findings suggest that simple GDD-based models performed better than more complex BF-based models.

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Song, Lin, Jianqun Yan, Nan Wang, Xiaojing Wei, Xiao Luo, Kai Meng e Bo Sun. "Prenatal exercise reverses high-fat-diet-induced placental alterations and alters male fetal hypothalamus during late gestation in rats†". Biology of Reproduction 102, n.º 3 (19 de novembro de 2019): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioz213.

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Abstract Maternal high-fat (HF) diet negatively affects maternal metabolism and placental function. This study aimed to determine whether gestational exercise prevents the effect of HF diet on placental amino acid transporter expression and nutrient-sensing signaling and the fetal response. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were either fed with a CHOW (13.5% fat) or HF (60% fat) diet during gestation and further divided into two subgroups: voluntary exercised and sedentary. Placentae were collected on gestational day (GD) 14 and GD20, and male placentae were used in this study. We found that gestational exercise ameliorated the detrimental effects of HF diet on dams’ adiposity, plasma leptin, and insulin concentrations. Maternal exercise did not influence fetoplacental growth but affected male fetal hypothalamic Leprb, Stat3, Insr, Agrp, and Pomc expressions on GD20. Maternal HF diet decreased placental labyrinth thickness and increased system A amino acid transporter SNAT2 expression, while these changes were normalized by exercise. The activation of placental mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1/4E-BP1 and LepRb/STAT3 signaling might contribute to the increased placental SNAT2 expression in HF-fed dams, which were reversed by exercise on GD20. These data highlight that gestational exercise reverses HF-diet-induced placental alterations during late gestation without influencing fetal growth. However, maternal exercise altered fetal hypothalamic gene expression, which may affect long-term offspring health.

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ZHONG, Xichun, Xiaoyan SHEN e Zhongwu LIU. "Magnetocaloric properties, microhardness and corrosion resistance of Gd100-xZrx alloys". Journal of Rare Earths 34, n.º 9 (setembro de 2016): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0721(16)60111-4.

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LIESS, H., F. STEFFEN e G. MEYER. "ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Chlorides and Bromides with Interstitially Stabilized Double Octahedra, M2(Gd10(C2)2)Cl19 (M: Rb, Cs), M2(Gd10(C2)2)Br19 (M: K, Rb), Rb2(Tb10(C2)2)Br19, and K2(Gd10(C2)2)Br20." ChemInform 28, n.º 24 (3 de agosto de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199724024.

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Feng, Shao-zhen, Wei-sheng Cao e Ming Liao. "The PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in early infection of some exogenous avian leukosis viruses". Journal of General Virology 92, n.º 7 (1 de julho de 2011): 1688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.030866-0.

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Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an enveloped and oncogenic retrovirus. Avian leukosis caused by the members of ALV subgroups A, B and J has become one of the major problems challenging the poultry industry in China. However, the cellular factors such as signal transduction pathways involved in ALV infection are not well defined. In this study, our data demonstrated that ALV-J strain NX0101 infection in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts or DF-1 cells was correlated with the activity and phosphorylation of Akt. Akt activation was initiated at a very early stage of infection independently of NX0101 replication. The specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors LY294002 or wortmannin could suppress Akt phosphorylation, indicating that NX0101-induced Akt phosphorylation is PI3K-dependent. ALV-A strain GD08 or ALV-B strain CD08 infection also demonstrated a similar profile of PI3K/Akt activation. Treatment of DF-1 cells with the drug 5-(N, N-hexamethylene) amiloride that inhibits the activity of chicken Na+/H+ exchanger type 1 significantly reduced Akt activation induced by NX0101, but not by GD08 and CD08. Akt activation triggered by GD08 or CD08 was abolished by clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor chlorpromazine. Receptor-mediated endocytosis inhibitor dansylcadaverine had a negligible effect on all ALV-induced Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, viral replication of ALV was suppressed by LY294002 in a dose-dependent manner, which was due to the inhibition of virus infection by LY294002. These data suggest that the activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway by exogenous ALV infection plays an important role in viral entry, yet the precise mechanism remains under further investigation.

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Kusumawardani, Banun, Yuliana MD Arina e Azham Purwandhono. "Regulation of caspase-3 expression to maintain fetal growth in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected pregnant rats". Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v1i1.16.

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Periodontal disease has been involved in a variety of systemic disorders and suspected as a potential risk factor for fetal growth restriction. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria may actively regulate embryonic development, implantation and placental trophoblast cell invasion. This study aimed to analyze the role of TNF-α, IL-10 and caspase-3 to maintain fetal growth in Porphyromonasgingivalis-infected pregnant rats. Female rats were infected with live-Porphyromonas gingivalis at concentration of 2x109 cells/ml into subgingival sulcus area of the maxillary first molar before and during pregnancy. They were sacrificed on gestational day (GD)-14 and GD20. The weight and length of placentas and fetuses were evaluated. The expression of TNF-α, IL-10 and caspase-3 in macrophages and trophoblast cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. On GD14, TNF-α (R2=0.416;P=0.000) and IL-10 (R2=0.187;P=0.012) had an important role to increase expression of caspase-3 in the placenta, but only TNF-α (R2=0.393;P=0.000 ) was able to increase the expression of caspase-3 on GD20. TNF-α and caspase-3 also had an important role (P<0.000) to decrease fetal weight, fetal length and placental weight on GD14 and GD20, but it was not the case with IL-10 (P>0.000). The increasing expressions of TNF-α and IL-10 did not only enhance immune protection, but also maintained the trophoblast cells survival by regulating expression of caspase-3. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in maternal periodontal tissue can lead to decrease in placental weight, fetal weight and fetal length which mediated by increasing expression of TNF-α, IL-10 and caspase-3 in the placenta.

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Oldham, Jaimie, Anshoo Sahota, Edel O’Toole e Malvina Cunningham. "GD03 (P095) Ten cases of scabies successfully treated with topical ivermectin". British Journal of Dermatology 191, Supplement_1 (28 de junho de 2024): i162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae090.342.

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Abstract Scabies is an increasing problem in the UK with a surge in cases reported by dermatologists and the media. It is intensely itchy and caused by the highly contagious mite Sarcoptes scabiei. There are many theories regarding the increased prevalence, including global warming, increased poverty, reduced treatment availability and resistance. The standard treatments in the UK include topical malathion, topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. All have had significant supply issues as reported by the British Association of Dermatologists. There have also been concerns of permethrin resistance. Oral ivermectin is expensive, with four tablets listed at £116.84 in the British National Formulary (BNF). Finally, oral ivermectin is not licensed in children weighing < 15 kg (although data seem to suggest this is safe). One option that is less used but reported is topical ivermectin. This was in the 2018 Cochrane review looking at the efficacy of topical permethrin, and oral and topical (as 1% lotion) ivermectin. This showed no difference in efficacy and few or mild adverse events. These findings are also replicated in recent studies and there are case reports of topical ivermectin to treat neonatal scabies that seems resistant to permethrin. In our centre, we have used topical ivermectin (as the 10 mg g−1 cream Soolantra) to treat 10 patients, with great success. The first was a 14-month-old child who weighed 9.2 kg. She had previously had three courses of permethrin and two courses of malathion with ongoing signs and symptoms of scabies, including burrows. The entire family had been treated every time and the entire family (except this patient) was treated with oral ivermectin during the final treatment before topical ivermectin. The patient was treated top to toe with two applications of topical ivermectin cream 1 week apart, with resolution after one application. Subsequently we have had success using the same protocol to treat a 21-year-old man (with no response to four courses of permethrin) and his 53-year-old mother (with no response to three courses of permethrin). We have also treated a 31-year-old man, a 48-year-old man and his partner (all of whom had not responded to one course of permethrin), and a 68-year-old man and his family who had no previous treatment. We have had no adverse effects and no treatment failures. We report on 10 patients who we treated successfully with topical ivermectin. Topical ivermectin provides an exciting option for treatment and, of note, one tube is listed at £27.43 in the BNF, making it significantly cheaper than the oral alternative.

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Li, Xiao-Feng, Tao Jiang, Yong-Qiang Deng, Hui Zhao, Xue-Dong Yu, Qing Ye, Hong-Jiang Wang et al. "Complete Genome Sequence of a Chikungunya Virus Isolated in Guangdong, China". Journal of Virology 86, n.º 16 (27 de julho de 2012): 8904–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01289-12.

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Chikungunya virus belongs to the genusAlphavirusin the familyTogaviridae. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a chikungunya virus strain, GD05/2010, isolated in 2010 from a patient with chikungunya fever in Guangdong, China. The sequence information is important for surveillance of this emerging arboviral infection in China.

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Hejmej, Anna, Ewelina Górowska, Małgorzata Kotula-Balak, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Marta Zarzycka, Justyna Zając e Barbara Bilińska. "Androgen Signaling Disruption during Fetal and Postnatal Development Affects Androgen Receptor and Connexin 43 Expression and Distribution in Adult Boar Prostate". BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/407678.

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To date, limited knowledge exists regarding the role of the androgen signaling during specific periods of development in the regulation of androgen receptor (AR) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in adult prostate. Therefore, in this study we examined mRNA and protein expression, and tissue distribution of AR and Cx43 in adult boar prostates following fetal (GD20), neonatal (PD2), and prepubertal (PD90) exposure to an antiandrogen flutamide (50 mg/kg bw). In GD20 and PD2 males we found the reduction of the luminal compartment, inflammatory changes, decreased AR and increased Cx43 expression, and altered localization of both proteins. Moreover, enhanced apoptosis and reduced proliferation were detected in the prostates of these animals. In PD90 males the alterations were less evident, except that Cx43 expression was markedly upregulated. The results presented herein indicate that in boar androgen action during early fetal and neonatal periods plays a key role in the maintenance of normal phenotype and functions of prostatic cells at adulthood. Furthermore, we demonstrated that modulation of Cx43 expression in the prostate could serve as a sensitive marker of hormonal disruption during different developmental stages.

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Luo, Xi-Ming, Zhao-Bo Hu, Qing-fang Lin, Weiwei Cheng, Jia-Peng Cao, Chen-Hui Cui, Hua Mei, You Song e Yan Xu. "Exploring the Performance Improvement of Magnetocaloric Effect Based Gd-Exclusive Cluster Gd60". Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, n.º 36 (23 de agosto de 2018): 11219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b07841.

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Wang, Fang, Jing-Ru Lin, Hao Ying, Tang-Fu Feng, Ren-Bing Sun e Xie Li. "Large magnetic entropy change and magnetic properties in Gd60-xHoxFe20Al20 amorphous ribbons". Materials Research Express 5, n.º 6 (27 de junho de 2018): 066108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aaccab.

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Shishkin, Denis, Aleksey Volegov, Vasiliy Gaviko e Vladislav Maikov. "Magnetic properties of ball-milled alloys Gd100-Ni (x = 25, 40, 50)". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 542 (agosto de 2020): 120147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120147.

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S. Abd El-Aziz, Gamal, Hesham N. Mustafa, Hamid Abdulraouf Saleh e Magdy M.O. El-Fark2. "Zingiber Officinale Alleviates Maternal and Fetal Hepatorenal Toxicity Induced by Prenatal Cadmium". Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, n.º 3 (26 de julho de 2018): 1369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1500.

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This study was designed to address the protective effects of Zingiber officinale on the toxic outcomes of prenatal Cadmium administration on pregnancy outcome. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (eight rats/each), control group received distilled water, 2nd group treated with 8.8 mg of CdCl2/kg b. wt, 3rd group treated with 250 mg of Zingiber officinale/kg b. wt, and 4th group treated with 250 mg of Zingiber officinale/kg b. wt, followed by 8.8 mg of CdCl2/kg b.wt. Daily body weight of pregnant was recorded from GD1-GD20, and then pregnant rats were sacrificed at GD20. Samples of maternal and fetal livers and kidneys were processed for histological examination. Administration of Cd to pregnant rats showed adverse effects on pregnant mothers and their fetuses; reduced maternal weight gain, reduced absolute organ weights, reduced fetal growth parameters and placental weights together with altered histological appearance of the maternal and fetal livers and kidneys. While co-administration of Zingiber officinale showed an improvement of these toxic alterations. Zingiber officinale through its antioxidant activity could be beneficial against toxic outcomes of Cd exposure during pregnancy.

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Cheng, J., C. Tian e R. Zhu. "Synthesis and characterisation of La0·6Sr0·4Co0·8Fe0·2O3−δ–Gd0·2Ce0·8O1·9 composite cathode for Gd0·2Ce0·8O1·9 electrolyte SOFC". Materials Research Innovations 18, n.º 6 (19 de dezembro de 2013): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1433075x13y.0000000194.

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Jensen, Vivi F. H., Anne-Marie Mølck, Jette Nowak, Maria Wohlfarth, Eva Nüsken, Damien Demozay, Kai-Dietrich Nüsken e Ingrid B. Bøgh. "Placental nutrient transporters adapt during persistent maternal hypoglycaemia in rats". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 3 (28 de março de 2022): e0265988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265988.

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Maternal malnutrition is associated with decreased nutrient transfer to the foetus, which may lead to foetal growth restriction, predisposing children to a variety of diseases. However, regulation of placental nutrient transfer during decreased nutrient availability is not fully understood. In the present study, the aim was to investigate changes in levels of placental nutrient transporters accompanying maternal hypoglycaemia following different durations and stages of gestation in rats. Maternal hypoglycaemia was induced by insulin-infusion throughout gestation until gestation day (GD)20 or until end of organogenesis (GD17), with sacrifice on GD17 or GD20. Protein levels of placental glucose transporters GLUT1 (45/55 kDa isotypes) and GLUT3, amino acid transporters SNAT1 and SNAT2, and insulin receptor (InsR) were assessed. On GD17, GLUT1-45, GLUT3, and SNAT1 levels were increased and InsR levels decreased versus controls. On GD20, following hypoglycaemia throughout gestation, GLUT3 levels were increased, GLUT1-55 showed the same trend. After cessation of hypoglycaemia at end of organogenesis, GLUT1-55, GLUT3, and InsR levels were increased versus controls, whereas SNAT1 levels were decreased. The increases in levels of placental nutrient transporters seen during maternal hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia likely reflect an adaptive response to optimise foetal nutrient supply and development during limited availability of glucose.

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Lv, Feng, Yang Wan, Yunxi Chen, Linguo Pei, Daji Luo, Guanlan Fan, Mengcheng Luo, Dan Xu e Hui Wang. "Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Induced Ovarian Developmental Toxicity and Transgenerational Effect in Rat Offspring". Endocrinology 159, n.º 3 (23 de janeiro de 2018): 1401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00044.

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Abstract Prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) induces multiorgan developmental toxicities in offspring. Here we verified the transgenerational inheritance effect of ovarian developmental toxicity by PDE and explored its intrauterine programming mechanism. Pregnant rats subcutaneously received 0.2 mg/kg/d dexamethasone from gestational day (GD) 9 to GD20. A subgroup was euthanized for fetuses on GD20, and the other group went on to spontaneous labor to produce F1 offspring. The adult F1 females were mated with normal males to produce the F2 and F3 generations. The PDE fetal rats exhibited ovarian mitochondrial structural abnormalities, decreased serum estradiol (E2) levels, and lower expression levels of ovarian steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), steroidal synthetases, and insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF1). On postnatal week (PW) 6 and PW12, the PDE F1 offspring showed altered reproductive behavior and ovarian morphology. The serum E2 level and ovarian expression of SF1, steroidal synthetases, and IGF1 were also decreased. The adult F3 offspring showed alterations in reproductive phenotype and ovarian IGF1, SF1, and steroidal synthetase expression similar to those of F1. PDE induces ovarian developmental toxicity and transgenerational inheritance effects. The mechanism by which this toxicity occurs may be related to PDE-induced low-functional programming of fetal ovarian IGF1/SF1 and steroidal synthetases.

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Taskaev, Sergey, Konstantin Skokov, Vladimir Khovaylo, Maxim Ulyanov, Dmitriy Bataev, Dmitriy Karpenkov, Iliya Radulov, Alexander Dyakonov e Oliver Gutfleisch. "Magnetocaloric effect in cold rolled foils of Gd100−In (x = 0, 1, 3)". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 459 (agosto de 2018): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.12.052.

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Berthelot, S., E. Lang, M. Émond, M. Mallet, H. T. Stelfox, R. Lavergne, F. Légaré et al. "GD02: An international consensus study to identify quality indicators for ambulatory emergency care". CJEM 19, S1 (maio de 2017): S62—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.162.

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Introduction: Redirecting low acuity patients from emergency departments to primary care walk-in clinics has been identified as a priority by many health authorities. Promoting family physicians for the management of ambulatory patients with urgent health concerns reflects the assumption that primary care facilities can offer high-quality and more affordable ambulatory emergency care. However, no performance assessment framework has been developed for ambulatory emergency care and consequently, quality of care provided in these alternate settings has never been formally compared. Primary objective: To identify structure, process and outcome indicators for ambulatory emergency care. Methods: We will identify and develop quality indicators (QIs) for ambulatory emergency care using a RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM) composed of three different steps. First, we will perform a scoping literature review to inventory 1) all previously recommended QIs assessing care provided to ambulatory emergency patients in the ED or the primary care settings; 2) all conditions evaluated with the retrieved QIs; and 3) all outcomes measured by the same QIs. Second, a steering committee composed of the research team and of international experts in performance assessment in emergency and primary care will be presented with the lists of QI-related conditions and outcomes. They will be asked to identify potential outcome indicators for ambulatory emergency care by generating any relevant combinations of one condition and one outcome (e.g. acute asthma exacerbation/re-consultation). Committee members will be given the latitude to use and pair any conditions or outcomes not included in the lists as long as they think the resulting indicators are compatible with the study objectives. Using a structured nominal group approach, they will combine their suggestions and refine the list of potential QIs. This list of potential outcome indicators composed of pairs “condition/outcome” will be merged with the list of already published QIs identified during the literature review. Third, as per the RAM standards, we will assemble an international multidisciplinary panel (n=20) of patients, emergency and primary care providers, researchers and decision makers, after recommendations from international emergency and primary care associations, and from the Canadian Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) Support Units. Through iterative rounds of ratings using both web-based survey tools and videoconferencing, panelists will independently assess all candidate QIs. They will be asked to rate on a nine-level scale to what extent each QI is a relevant and useful measure of ambulatory emergency care quality. From one round to the next, QIs with a median panelist rating score of one to three will be excluded. Those with a median score of seven or more will be automatically included in the final list. QIs with median score of four to six will be retained for future deliberations among the panelists. Rounds of ratings will be conducted until all QIs are classified. Impact: The QIs identified will be used to develop a performance assessment framework for ambulatory emergency care. This will represent an essential step toward testing the assumption that EDs and primary care walk-in clinics provide equivalent care quality to low acuity patients.

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Aziz, Moammir Hasan, Ashok Kumar Agrawal, Vaqar Mustafa Adhami, Yogeshwar Shukla e Prahlad Kishore Seth. "Neurodevelopmental consequences of gestational exposure (GD14–GD20) to low dose deltamethrin in rats". Neuroscience Letters 300, n.º 3 (março de 2001): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01543-9.

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Duc, N. T. M., H. X. Shen, E. Clements, O. Thiabgoh, J. L. Sanchez Llamazares, C. F. Sanchez-Valdes, N. T. Huong, J. F. Sun, H. Srikanth e M. H. Phan. "Critical magnetic and magnetocaloric behavior of amorphous melt-extracted Gd50(Co69.25Fe4.25Si13B13.5)50 microwires". Intermetallics 110 (julho de 2019): 106479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2019.106479.

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Li, Guoqiang, Wei Huang, Huanxi Li, Lijing Zheng e M. F. Hashmi. "Corrosion behavior of Mg65Cu25−x Zn x Gd10 (x=0, 5) metallic glass". Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 23, n.º 5 (outubro de 2008): 678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-007-5678-x.

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Bao, Ying, Hongxian Shen, Dawei Xing, Sida Jiang, Jianfei Sun e Manh-Huong Phan. "Enhanced Curie temperature and cooling efficiency in melt-extracted Gd50(Co69.25Fe4.25Si13B13.5)50 microwires". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 708 (junho de 2017): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.071.

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Parajuli, Niraj. "GD07 Skin neglected tropical diseases and global health: migration and integration beyond borders". British Journal of Dermatology 191, Supplement_1 (28 de junho de 2024): i164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae090.346.

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Abstract Skin neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of diseases that present with cutaneous manifestation. There are at least 12 listed diseases included in the list of skin NTDs by the World Health Organization. Among these, some diseases are typically present more commonly in certain geographical locations compared with others. For example, leprosy is more common in the Asian subcontinent and Buruli ulcer in the African region. In this new world with easy global reach due to the ease of travel, skin NTDs are not restricted only to the tropics. Despite the propensity of these diseases to occur in the tropics and among poorer populations, they can be diagnosed in clinics globally. Therefore, all global dermatologists should have a good knowledge of these conditions wherever they are located. So, should we start on a global health topic for all skin NTDs? Travel data from Nepal showed that 3.48 million passengers travelled internationally from Nepalese airports, which included 1.93 million departures and 1.55 million arrivals. Similarly, a total of 105 million passengers arrive in the UK each year. This unrestricted massive travel between countries poses a huge risk of infectious diseases transferring from their countries of origin in the tropics to European countries. Moreover, mutation of the vectors and climate change have made it possible for certain diseases to adapt to colder climates. Leprosy, scabies, cutaneous leishmaniasis and resistant dermatophyte infection are commonly seen in Nepal. All of these diseases can present with varied clinical presentations. So, due to global travellers, diseases of the tropics may not remain only diseases of the tropics, which has been shown in recent years. Can this be an opportunity for a mutual learning experience between countries of the tropics and Europe? The tropics could learn from research conducted in the Western world, and both can work together in controlling NTDs.

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Taskaev, Sergey, Konstantin Skokov, Dmitriy Karpenkov, Vladimir V. Khovaylo, Vasiliy D. Buchelnikov, D. A. Zherebtsov, Maxim Ulyanov, Dmitry Bataev, Damir Galimov e Anatoliy Pellenen. "Magnetocaloric Properties of Cold Rolled Gd_100-xZr_x(x = 0, 1, 2, 3) Intermetallic Alloys". Solid State Phenomena 233-234 (julho de 2015): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.233-234.220.

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In this work we report the results of experimental investigation of the magnetocaloric effect in Gd100-xZrx(x= 0, 1, 2, 3) cold rolled ribbons. As it is shown the magnetocaloric effect exist within the large temperature interval 279-295 K and comparable with magnetocaloric effect observed on pure Gd. As it shown cold rolling is one of promising techniques for producing thin forms of magnetocaloric materials for heat exchangers of magnetic cooling devices.

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Kusumawardani, Banun, Yuliana MD Arina e Azham Purwandhono. "Regulation of caspase-3 expression to maintain fetal growth in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected pregnant rats". Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22208/jdmfs.1.1.2016.1-6.

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Periodontal disease has been involved in a variety of systemic disorders and suspected as a potential risk factor for fetal growth restriction. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria may actively regulate embryonic development, implantation and placental trophoblast cell invasion. This study aimed to analyze the role of TNF-α, IL-10 and caspase-3 to maintain fetal growth in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected pregnant rats. Female rats were infected with live-Porphyromonas gingivalis at concentration of 2x109 cells/ml into subgingival sulcus area of the maxillary first molar before and during pregnancy. They were sacrificed on gestational day (GD)-14 and GD20. The weight and length of placentas and fetuses were evaluated. The expression of TNF-α, IL-10 and caspase-3 in macrophages and trophoblast cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. On GD14, TNF-α (R2=0.416;P=0.000) and IL-10 (R2=0.187;P=0.012) had an important role to increase expression of caspase-3 in the placenta, but only TNF-α (R2=0.393;P=0.000 ) was able to increase the expression of caspase-3 on GD20. TNF-α and caspase-3 also had an important role (P<0.000) to decrease fetal weight, fetal length and placental weight on GD14 and GD20, but it was not the case with IL-10 (P>0.000). The increasing expressions of TNF-α and IL-10 did not only enhance immune protection, but also maintained the trophoblast cells survival by regulating expression of caspase-3. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in maternal periodontal tissue can lead to decrease in placental weight, fetal weight and fetal length which mediated by increasing expression of TNF-α, IL-10 and caspase-3 in the placenta.

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Braun, Berenike, Dina Fischer, Kerstin Laib Sampaio, Maja Mezger, Dagmar Stöhr, Richard James Stanton e Christian Sinzger. "Peptide Derivatives of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Inhibit Cell-Associated Spread of Human Cytomegalovirus". Viruses 13, n.º 9 (6 de setembro de 2021): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091780.

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Cell-free human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can be inhibited by a soluble form of the cellular HCMV-receptor PDGFRα, resembling neutralization by antibodies. The cell-associated growth of recent HCMV isolates, however, is resistant against antibodies. We investigated whether PDGFRα-derivatives can inhibit this transmission mode. A protein containing the extracellular PDGFRα-domain and 40-mer peptides derived therefrom were tested regarding the inhibition of the cell-associated HCMV strain Merlin-pAL1502, hits were validated with recent isolates, and the most effective peptide was modified to increase its potency. The modified peptide was further analyzed regarding its mode of action on the virion level. While full-length PDGFRα failed to inhibit HCMV isolates, three peptides significantly reduced virus growth. A 30-mer version of the lead peptide (GD30) proved even more effective against the cell-free virus, and this effect was HCMV-specific and depended on the viral glycoprotein O. In cell-associated spread, GD30 reduced both the number of transferred particles and their penetration. This effect was reversible after peptide removal, which allowed the synchronized analysis of particle transfer, showing that two virions per hour were transferred to neighboring cells and one virion was sufficient for infection. In conclusion, PDGFRα-derived peptides are novel inhibitors of the cell-associated spread of HCMV and facilitate the investigation of this transmission mode.

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Dekker, Kurt H. "Book Reviews". Journal of Individual Employment Rights 8, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1999): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/6fkn-y4g8-ahp8-gdh0.

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Thornburg, Devin G., e Roy D. Pea. "Synthesizing Instructional Technologies and Educational Culture: Exploring Cognition and Metacognition in the Social Studies". Journal of Educational Computing Research 7, n.º 2 (maio de 1991): 121–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kwx7-y23t-6ytt-gdh0.

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CVITKOVICH, MA, YURI, e ANDREW WISTER, PH.D. "BRINGING IN THE LIFE COURSE: A MODIFICATION TO LAWTON'S ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF AGING". Hallym International Journal of Aging 4, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2002): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l3lk-gd09-522r-7u22.

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Kihlgren, Mona, Anita Hallgren, Astrid Norberg e Ingvar Karlsson. "Integrity Promoting Care of Demented Patients: Patterns of Interaction during Morning Care". International Journal of Aging and Human Development 39, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1994): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lrlc-r7b9-flju-gd06.

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Video-recorded morning care sessions ( n = 49) of demented nursing home patients ( n = 5), were analyzed before, as well as after, training of the staff in integrity promoting care. A phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis was performed based on the Erikson theory of “eight stages of man” and musical notations were used for the analysis of courses of events. The analysis revealed five main patterns of interaction; positive, negative, intermediate, negative/intermediate turned into positive by the patient, and negative/intermediate turned into positive by the caregiver. Before the training, negative and intermediate patterns dominated (58%), while positive patterns dominated (84%) after the training. The positive patterns of interaction were characterized by the caregiver communicating with the patient as a competent partner, showing humanity, respect and support. The activity was carried out in intimacy. This led to the patient displaying more and more ability.

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LIU, X., e S. MAHADEVAN. "Ultimate Strength Failure Probability Estimation of Composite Structures". Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 19, n.º 5 (1 de janeiro de 2000): 403–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/2v0p-rb1h-gqlc-gdb0.

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