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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Gas-liquid equilibrium"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 23 de novembro de 2024

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1

Stringari, S., M. Barranco, A. Polls, P. J. Nacher, and F. Laloë. "Spin-polarized 3He : liquid gas equilibrium." Journal de Physique 48, no. 8 (1987): 1337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphys:019870048080133700.

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2

YAMAMOTO, Takayuki, Norizumi MOTOOKA, Osamu MORI, and Yoshihiro KISHINO. "Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Thruster of IKAROS." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN 12, ists29 (2014): Tf_13—Tf_18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tastj.12.tf_13.

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3

Librovich, Bronislav V., Andrzej F. Nowakowski, Issa Chaer, and Savvas Tassou. "Non-equilibrium gas-liquid transition model." PAMM 7, no. 1 (2007): 2100029–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700233.

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4

Xu, Hui. "The Research on SO₂ Desorption Equilibrium Mechanism of Sodium Alkali Desulfurization Regeneration Solution." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.461.

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Sodium alkali flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is one of the most promising renewable FGD technologies, and the SO2 gases desorption in desulfurization regeneration solution is very important to directly affect its application. Based on the gas-liquid equilibrium relationships, this paper researched the equilibrium mechanism of SO2 desorption in the sodium alkali desulfurization regeneration solution. The results showed that SO2 desorption process is a mass transfer process that SO2 transfer from liquid phase to gas phase essentially, and SO2 desorption limit capacity depend mainly on the gas-li

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5

Percus, Jerome K. "Classical liquid-gas interface in thermal equilibrium." Journal of Statistical Physics 78, no. 3-4 (1995): 1165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02183709.

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6

Clarke, Colin W., and David N. Glew. "Aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions. Part XV. The deuterium sulfide - deuterium oxide system and the deuterium sulfide D-hydrate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 8 (1998): 1119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-133.

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The univariant (l1l2g) saturation vapor pressure of liquid deuterium oxide (phase l1) with liquid deuterium sulfide (phase l2) in equilibrium with a gas phase (g) has been measured in a stirred titanium reaction vessel at 19 temperatures from 33.003 to 18.905°C and at total pressures from 2.4500 to 1.7428 MPa. The univariant (hl1g) saturation vapor pressure of deuterium sulfide D-hydrate (phase h) in equilibrium with liquid deuterium oxide and a gas phase has been measured at 58 temperatures from 30.666 to 2.798°C and at pressures from 2.2959 to 0.11629 MPa. The maximum temperature for deuteri

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7

Chen, Panpan, Guoen Li, Hongfei Guo, and Ji Lin Cao. "Phase Equilibrium Study on the Quaternary System H₂O-Na₂SO₄-MgSO₄-C₃H₈ at 0°C and Pressure." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2690.

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In order to develop a new technology for separating the bloedite by the method of gas hydrate formation, the phase equilibrium of the H2O-Na2SO4-MgSO4-C3H8 system and its subsystems was studied at 0°C and pressure.The equilibrium pressure and the composition of solid and liquid above system were investigated.It was found that equilibrium pressure of gas hydrate formation was increasing with the increase of the Na2SO4( or MgSO4) concentration. The addition of anionic surfactant SDS helped to lower the equilibrium pressure of gas hydrate formation. The mother liquor amount entrained in the gas h

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8

Mathis, Hélène. "A thermodynamically consistent model of a liquid-vapor fluid with a gas." ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 53, no. 1 (2019): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2018044.

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This work is devoted to the consistent modeling of a three-phase mixture of a gas, a liquid and its vapor. Since the gas and the vapor are miscible, the mixture is subjected to a non-symmetric constraint on the volume. Adopting the Gibbs formalism, the study of the extensive equilibrium entropy of the system allows to recover the Dalton’s law between the two gaseous phases. In addition, we distinguish whether phase transition occurs or not between the liquid and its vapor. The thermodynamical equilibria are described both in extensive and intensive variables. In the latter case, we focus on th

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9

CHUJO, Toshihiro, Norizumi MOTOOKA, Takayuki YAMAMOTO, and Osamu MORI. "Development of Bipropellant Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Propulsion System." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN 14 (2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tastj.14.9.

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10

Mitrovic, J. "Upon equilibrium of gas bubble in infinite liquid." Chemical Engineering Science 55, no. 12 (2000): 2265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(99)00475-3.

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11

Wang, Xiao-Ping, and Xinfu Chen. "Phase Transition Near a Liquid-Gas Coexistence Equilibrium." SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 61, no. 2 (2000): 454–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0036139999354285.

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12

SASAHIRA, Akira, and Fumio KAWAMURA. "Formation Rate and Gas-Liquid Equilibrium of RuO4." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 25, no. 5 (1988): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1988.9733615.

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13

Ryltsev, R. E., L. D. Son, and K. Yu Shunyaev. "Liquid–Gas Equilibrium in Nanoparticle Network-Forming Systems." JETP Letters 108, no. 9 (2018): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364018210129.

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14

Ping, Wang, and Tang Shao-qiang. "Liquid-gas coexistence equilibrium in a relaxation model." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 26, no. 6 (2005): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02465428.

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15

Dahms, Rainer N., and Joseph C. Oefelein. "Non-equilibrium gas–liquid interface dynamics in high-pressure liquid injection systems." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35, no. 2 (2015): 1587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.155.

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16

Santos, J. E., and U. C. Täuber. "Non-equilibrium behavior at a liquid-gas critical point." European Physical Journal B 28, no. 4 (2002): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2002-00246-2.

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17

LeMartelot, S., R. Saurel, and O. Le Métayer. "Steady one-dimensional nozzle flow solutions of liquid–gas mixtures." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 737 (November 20, 2013): 146–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.550.

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AbstractExact compressible one-dimensional nozzle flow solutions at steady state are determined in various limit situations of two-phase liquid–gas mixtures. First, the exact solution for a pure liquid nozzle flow is determined in the context of fluids governed by the compressible Euler equations and the ‘stiffened gas’ equation of state. It is an extension of the well-known ideal-gas steady nozzle flow solution. Various two-phase flow models are then addressed, all corresponding to limit situations of partial equilibrium among the phases. The first limit situation corresponds to the two-phase

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18

Woodcock, Leslie V. "Thermodynamics of Gas–Liquid Colloidal Equilibrium States: Hetero-Phase Fluctuations." Entropy 21, no. 12 (2019): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121189.

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Following on from two previous JETC (Joint European Thermodynamics Conference) presentations, we present a preliminary report of further advances towards the thermodynamic description of critical behavior and a supercritical gas-liquid coexistence with a supercritical fluid mesophase defined by percolation loci. The experimental data along supercritical constant temperature isotherms (T ≥ Tc) are consistent with the existence of a two-state mesophase, with constant change in pressure with density, rigidity, (dp/dρ) T, and linear thermodynamic state-functions of density. The supercritical mesop

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19

Toikka, M. A., A. A. Samarov, A. A. Sadaev, A. A. Senina, and O. L. Lobacheva. "CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM IN THE PROPIONIC ACID - ETHANOL - ETHYL PROPIONATE - WATER SYSTEM AND EXTRACTION PROCESSES WITH PARTICIPATION OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS." Fine Chemical Technologies 14, no. 1 (2019): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-1-47-58.

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New experimental data on the chemical equilibrium in the propionic acid - ethanol - ethyl propionate - water system at 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure are presented. Chemically equilibrium compositions corresponding to the liquid-liquid equilibrium were obtained by gas chromatographic analysis. Using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance, homogeneous chemically equilibrium compositions were determined and the concentration equilibrium constant is calculated. The surface of chemical equilibrium and the region of splitting chemically equilibrium compositions are represented in the square of

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20

Pereira, Antonio, and Serafim Kalliadasis. "Equilibrium gas–liquid–solid contact angle from density-functional theory." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 692 (December 15, 2011): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.496.

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AbstractWe investigate the equilibrium of a fluid in contact with a solid boundary through a density-functional theory. Depending on the conditions, the fluid can be in one phase, gas or liquid, or two phases, while the wall induces an external field acting on the fluid particles. We first examine the case of a liquid film in contact with the wall. We construct bifurcation diagrams for the film thickness as a function of the chemical potential. At a specific value of the chemical potential, two equally stable films, a thin one and a thick one, can coexist. As saturation is approached, the thic

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21

Luo, T., and A. Yu Chirkov. "Thermodynamic Property Calculation in Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Multicomponent Mixtures using Highly Accurate Helmholtz Free Energy Equation of State." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 3 (138) (September 2021): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2021-3-108-121.

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Thermodynamic properties of multicomponent mixtures in phase equilibrium were studied. The tangent plane criterion was used for stability analysis, and the Gibbs energy minimization was employed for phase equilibrium calculation when the successive substitution didn't converge. Thermodynamic properties of a 12-component natural gas mixture in vapor-liquid equilibrium were calculated with highly accurate Helmholtz free energy equation of state GERG--2008, simplified GERG--2008 and common cubic Peng --- Robinson (PR) equation of state. Results show that in vapor-liquid equilibrium, GERG--2008 ha

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22

Zuend, A., C. Marcolli, T. Peter, and J. H. Seinfeld. "Computation of liquid-liquid equilibria and phase stabilities: implications for RH-dependent gas/particle partitioning of organic-inorganic aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 5 (2010): 12497–561. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-12497-2010.

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Abstract. Semivolatile organic and inorganic aerosol species partition between the gas and aerosol particle phases to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium. Liquid-liquid phase separation into an organic-rich and an aqueous electrolyte phase can occur in the aerosol as a result of the salting-out effect. Such liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) affect the gas/particle partitioning of the different semivolatile compounds and might significantly alter both particle mass and composition as compared to a one-phase particle. We present a new liquid-liquid equilibrium and gas/particle partitioning model, us

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23

Zuend, A., C. Marcolli, T. Peter, and J. H. Seinfeld. "Computation of liquid-liquid equilibria and phase stabilities: implications for RH-dependent gas/particle partitioning of organic-inorganic aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 16 (2010): 7795–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7795-2010.

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Abstract. Semivolatile organic and inorganic aerosol species partition between the gas and aerosol particle phases to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium. Liquid-liquid phase separation into an organic-rich and an aqueous electrolyte phase can occur in the aerosol as a result of the salting-out effect. Such liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) affect the gas/particle partitioning of the different semivolatile compounds and might significantly alter both particle mass and composition as compared to a one-phase particle. We present a new liquid-liquid equilibrium and gas/particle partitioning model, us

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24

Schwarzmeier, Christoph, and Ulrich Rüde. "Comparison of refilling schemes in the free-surface lattice Boltzmann method." AIP Advances 12, no. 11 (2022): 115324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131159.

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Simulating mobile liquid–gas interfaces with the free-surface lattice Boltzmann method (FSLBM) requires frequent re-initialization of fluid flow information in computational cells that convert from gas to liquid. The corresponding algorithm, here referred to as the refilling scheme, is crucial for the successful application of the FSLBM in terms of accuracy and numerical stability. This study compares five refilling schemes that extract information from the surrounding liquid and interface cells by averaging, extrapolating, or assuming one of the three different equilibrium states. Six numeric

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25

Ndukwe, Obineche Charles, and Chukwudi Christian Ezuru. "Measurement and Correlation of the Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol – Water – Benzene System at 30°C and 1 Atmosphere Pressure." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 8 (2022): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2022.v07i08.009.

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The Liquid-Liquid equilibria of Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol – Water – Benzene System were measured experimentally at 30°C and 1atm pressure. The experimental binodal curve compositions were obtained using the cloud point method. The compositions of the two equilibrium phases were analysed using Agilent 7820A series Gas Chromatograph. The consistency of the experimental data was determined using the Hand, Othmer-Tobias and Bachman- Brown correlation equations while the plate point was determined using the Treybal’s method. The effectiveness of the solvent in the extraction was determined by calculat

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26

Kamilov, Ibraghimkhan, Gennadiy Stepanov, Larisa Malysheva, Anvar Rasulov, Suleyman Rasulov, and Kurban Shakhbanov. "Phase equilibrium curves and critical lines of n-hexane--water: liquid-liquid and liquid-gas." High Temperatures-High Pressures 29, no. 4 (1997): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/htec310.

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27

Wang, XingJian, Patrick Lafon, Dilip Sundaram, and Vigor Yang. "Liquid vaporization under thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium condition at the gas-liquid interface." Science China Technological Sciences 63, no. 12 (2020): 2649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-020-1732-5.

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28

Duan, Runze, Ziwei Feng, Hongbin Duan, et al. "Energy equilibrium analysis in the effervescent atomization." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (2020): 925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0214.

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Abstract In this paper, the flow characteristics and energy equilibrium analysis of the effervescent atomization had been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The effect of the gas–liquid rate (GLR from 0.04 to 0.15) on the atomization stability was revealed. When the GLR was small, the atomization was unstable. The atomization was gradually stable with an increase in the GLR. The optimal atomization region can be obtained. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the droplets was measured by the phase Doppler analyzer. The SMD decreases with an increase in the GLR. The energy equilibrium a

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29

Nakagawa, Naoko, and Shin-ichi Sasa. "Global Thermodynamics for Heat Conduction Systems." Journal of Statistical Physics 177, no. 5 (2019): 825–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-019-02393-2.

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Abstract We propose the concept of global temperature for spatially non-uniform heat conduction systems. With this novel quantity, we present an extended framework of thermodynamics for the whole system such that the fundamental relation of thermodynamics holds, which we call “global thermodynamics” for heat conduction systems. Associated with this global thermodynamics, we formulate a variational principle for determining thermodynamic properties of the liquid-gas phase coexistence in heat conduction, which corresponds to the natural extension of the Maxwell construction for equilibrium syste

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30

Shagapov, V. Sh, and A. V. Yalaev. "ON THE THEORY OF THE BULK FOAM-FORMATION OF GAS-SATURATED LIQUID DURING THE DEPRESSURIZING OF CONTAINER." Vestnik of Samara University. Natural Science Series 19, no. 6 (2017): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7525-2013-19-6-126-132.

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The problem of depressurizing in the gas-saturated liquid is considered. It is found out that the smaller is the initial radius of original germ of gas, the more pressure drops as compared with equilibrium pressure. The solution of the system that describes the transition from the metastable state to the equilibrium two-phase state is found. It is found that the characteristic time of exit from the metastable state depends on the initial number of gas germ.

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31

Ma, Ai Lin, and Peng Yun Song. "The Liquid Condensation Conditions in the Dry Gas Seal System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.199.

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Dry gas seal is often used as the seal devices in centrifugal compressor and other high-speed rotating equipment, which requires seal gas clean and dry. If there is some liquid in the seal gas, the dry gas seal will rapidly fail. When the seal gas flows through the filters, valves, orifices, seal faces and so on, the gas temperature will decrease resulted from the Joule- Thomson effect. If the gas temperature is lower than the corresponding dew point, there will be liquid condensation in dry gas seal system. Wet air is taken as an example to show how to calculate the pressure and temperature r

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32

Xiong, Wenjie, Xiaohui Chen, Quanyong Wang, et al. "Heterogeneous Phases Reaction Equilibrium in an Oxy-Thermal Carbide Furnace." ChemEngineering 4, no. 1 (2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering4010002.

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This work focuses on revealing the chemical reaction equilibrium behaviors of gas–liquid–solid heterogeneous phases in an oxy-thermal carbide furnace. From a CaC2 formation mechanism investigation, it was determined that a one-step mechanism occurs when there is an excess of C and a high CO partial pressure, which inhibits the formation of Ca in the system, and a two-step mechanism occurs when there is insufficient C and a low CO partial pressure, which promotes the formation of Ca. Based on the calculated results of the equilibrium compositions at 100 kPa and different temperature conditions,

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33

Ismailov, G. G., R. A. Ismailov, H. N. Babirov, and Kh Т. Jahangirova. "Studying the dynamics of sedimentation of liquid particles during gas separation." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 01 (January 15, 2024): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2024-01-34-37.

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Analysis of separation devices shows that it is not always possible to achieve effective separation of liquid particles. Traditional methods for determining the sedimentation rate of particles in separators are based on the thermodynamic equilibrium of the main parameters (pressure, density) of the incoming gas flow. At the same time, well production, in particular condensing gases, is a non-equilibrium system, which is characterized by some delay (relaxation times) in changing parameters. As a result of this delay, the settling rate of particles in the separator does not have time to reach th

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34

WANG, Ke. "Model for Drop Entrainment in Equilibrium Gas-liquid Churn Flow." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 49, no. 12 (2013): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2013.12.147.

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35

Wang, Y. N., Y. W. Li, L. Bai, Y. L. Zhao, and B. J. Zhang. "Correlation for gas–liquid equilibrium prediction in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis." Fuel 78, no. 8 (1999): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(99)00020-4.

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36

Weidner, E., V. Wiesmet, Ž. Knez, and M. Škerget. "Phase equilibrium (solid-liquid-gas) in polyethyleneglycol-carbon dioxide systems." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 10, no. 3 (1997): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-8446(97)00016-8.

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37

Nikolaidis, Ilias K., Varvara S. Samoili, Epaminondas C. Voutsas, and Ioannis G. Economou. "Solid–Liquid–Gas Equilibrium of Methane–n-Alkane Binary Mixtures." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 57, no. 25 (2018): 8566–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01339.

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38

YAMAMOTO, Takayuki, Osamu MORI, and Jun'ichiro KAWAGUCHI. "New Thruster System for Small Satellite : Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Thruster." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, SPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN 7, ists26 (2009): Tb_29—Tb_33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tstj.7.tb_29.

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39

Pisoni, C., C. Schenone, and L. A. Tagliafico. "Non equilibrium gas-liquid flows in variable cross section ducts." Heat and Mass Transfer 30, no. 3 (1995): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01476521.

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40

Romero, L. E., and D. Cantero. "Mathematical model for liquid-gas equilibrium in acetic acid fermentations." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59, no. 3 (1998): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980805)59:3<310::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-e.

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41

Ilčin, Michal, Martin Michalík, Klára Kováčiková, Lenka Káziková, and Vladimír Lukeš. "Water liquid-vapor equilibrium by molecular dynamics: Alternative equilibrium pressure estimation." Acta Chimica Slovaca 9, no. 1 (2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2016-0007.

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Abstract The molecular dynamics simulations of the liquid-vapor equilibrium of water including both water phases — liquid and vapor — in one simulation are presented. Such approach is preferred if equilibrium curve data are to be collected instead of the two distinct simulations for each phase separately. Then the liquid phase is not restricted, e.g. by insufficient volume resulting in too high pressures, and can spread into its natural volume ruled by chosen force field and by the contact with vapor phase as vaporized molecules are colliding with phase interface. Averaged strongly fluctuating

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42

OH, YOOL KWON, DONG PYO SEO, and HO DONG YANG. "VISUALIZATION ON THERMAL AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO PHASE FLOW." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (2006): 4347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041331.

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This paper was visually studied the thermal and dynamic characteristics of two phase flow by vertical upward bubbles in the liquid. Air-water model in a ladle was visually studied with a particle image velocimetry (PIV) and a thermo vision camera. Once gas was injected into the liquid, bubbles-liquid plume started to form and then circulations was caused by bubbles' behavior helped to reach temperature equilibrium and remove impurities in the liquid. The experimental results showed that temperature equilibrium between water and gas could be achieved in a short time. High speed CCD camera and a

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43

Tamson, J., M. Mair, and S. Grohmann. "Vapor-liquid equilibrium of the nitrogen-argon system at 100 K." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (2022): 012159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012159.

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Abstract Mixed-refrigerant cycles (MRC) are state-of-the-art for efficient LNG production. The development of cryogenic mixed-refrigerant cycles (CMRC) at temperatures below 100 K relies on physical property data of cryogenic mixtures such as vapor-liquid equilibria and enthalpies. This data is insufficient for some binary mixtures and unavailable for most multi-component systems. The cryogenic phase equilibria test stand CryoPHAEQTS provides precise physical property data of cryogenic fluid mixtures at temperatures from 15 K to 300K and at pressures up to 150 bar. Contrary to previous apparat

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44

Shishatskii, Y. I., A. A. Derkanosova, and S. A. Tolstov. "Thermodynamics of phase equilibrium in solid-liquid and solid-gas systems." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 1 (2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-30-35.

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The thermodynamic equilibrium of a two-phase system is described by the Gibbs equation, which includes state parameters. On the basis of the Gibbs equation and the combined equation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic potentials are written: internal energy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy. If the two phases are in equilibrium, then the temperatures, pressures and chemical potentials of these phases are equal to each other. Equalities express the conditions of thermal and mechanical equilibrium, as well as the condition for the absence of a driving force for the transf

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Zhao, Sha, Yu-Dong Ding, Qiang Liao, Xun Zhu, and Yun Huang. "Experimental and theoretical study on dissolution of a single mixed gas bubble in a microalgae suspension." RSC Advances 5, no. 41 (2015): 32615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03905c.

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Visualization experiments using a promoted bubble grafting method were carried out and the non-equilibrium theory at the gas–liquid interface was adopted to predict the dissolution and transmission process of CO<sub>2</sub> gas.

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Shin, Hun Yong, and Jin Ho Kim. "Vapor Liquid Equilibrium of Aqueous Diethanolamine Solution for Carbon Dioxide Capture Processes." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 45, no. 2 (2023): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.2.119.

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Objectives : Acid gases such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) that cause global warming are mainly generated in chemical processes. As a technology for reducing acid gas, the post-combustion capture process is representative. Aqueous alkanolamine solution, which is mainly used in the carbon dioxide absorption process, is used as the most representative chemical absorbent. Thermodynamic data of vapor-liquid equilibrium are important for the economics of process design and operation. In this study, vapor-liquid equilibrium data of w

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Holubets, Taras. "Investigation of an equilibrium state of water and two-component gas mixture of dry air and water vapor at the separation surface of phases in the conditions of phase transition Part I." Physico-mathematical modelling and informational technologies, no. 25 (May 25, 2017): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fmmit2017.25.051.

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In this part of the publication from the point of view the macroscopically and microscopically description of the properties of phase transition the conditions of stationary thermodynamic state (equilibrium) at the separation surface between the liquid and gas phases under uniform heating or cooling from the side of the thermal reservoir (thermostat) are reviewed and formulated. The basic methods of investigations of the equilibrium state of a two-component gas mixture (dry air and water vapor) in contact with a liquid phase under conditions of phase transformation are described. In the framew

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Pradhan, Sushobhan, and Prem Kumar Bikkina. "An Analytical Method to Estimate Supersaturation in Gas–Liquid Systems as a Function of Pressure-Reduction Step and Waiting Time." Eng 3, no. 1 (2022): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng3010010.

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When the concentration of a gas exceeds the equilibrium concentration in a liquid, the gas–liquid system is referred as a supersaturated system. The supersaturation can be achieved by either changing the pressure and/or temperature of the system. The gas from a supersaturated liquid escapes either through bubble nucleation that usually occurs on solid surface and/or gas diffusion through the gas–liquid interface. The bubble nucleation requires a minimum threshold supersaturation. A waiting time is required to observe whether the applied supersaturation is sufficient to initiate bubble nucleati

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Gao, Yu Ming, Ji Lin Cao, Panpan Chen, Hong Fei Guo, and Zhao Yang Tan. "Equilibrium Studies on the System H₂O-H₂O₂-CO(NH₂)₂-C₃H₈." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1690.

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The phase equilibrium of the quaternary system H2O-H2O2-CO(NH2)2-C3H8 with gas hydrate formation had been studied at high pressure and low temperature. The temperature and pressure of gas hydrate formed from different hydrogen peroxide concentration aqueous were determined at adding surfactants and no surfactants separately. It was concluded that the equilibrium pressure of gas hydrate formation was increasing with the increase of the hydrogen peroxide concentration, the urea concentration and the temperature, the mother liquor amount entrained in the gas hydrate after liquid separation by sin

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Miller, R. S., K. Harstad, and J. Bellan. "Evaluation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium evaporation models for many-droplet gas-liquid flow simulations." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 24, no. 6 (1998): 1025–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9322(98)00028-7.

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