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Prendergast, A. "Scientific Biography in the United States". Choice Reviews Online 46, n.º 02 (1 de outubro de 2008): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.46.02.227.
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Cass, Philip. "REVIEW: Noted: Documentary exposes dark side of Tongan diaspora". Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 25, n.º 1&2 (31 de julho de 2019): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v25i1and2.497.
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Gangsters in Paradise—The Deportees of Tonga. Documentary. 2019. Director: Ursula Williams. Vice/Zealandia.‘IT’S LIKE crabs being stuck in a bucket scratching each other to get out.’‘It’s like rubbish dumping.’Those are two views about the crisis facing Tonga as countries like the United States, Australia and New Zealand deport criminals to the kingdom.
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Lookingbill, Brad. "Weisner And Hartford, Eds., American Portraits - Biographies In United States History". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 23, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 1998): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.23.1.92-94.
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Teaching historians often assign biography to supplement reading lists for the introductory survey classroom, even though selecting which life to share might be a difficult process. Biography represents a unique form of history and literature, inviting a reader to come to terms with the significance of human agency. Indeed, a biography possesses the potential to reveal how a particular person influenced and was influenced by broader historical forces.
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Phillips, Carla Rahn, e William D. Phillips. "Christopher Columbus in United States Historiography: Biography as Projection". History Teacher 25, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 1992): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/494269.
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Barilleaux, Ryan J. "Gonzo biography". Review of Politics 68, n.º 2 (maio de 2006): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670506280136.
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The single organizing fact of the Cold War was “the bomb.” In our present age of unipolarity, globalization, and the clash of civilizations, it is useful to remember that our current complexities exist only because the previous age of stark simplicity has passed into history. The decades from the end of World War II until the fall of Communism were years shaped by a nuclear standoff. The threat of nuclear conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union framed the politics and culture of the age. This framing was especially apparent in the 1950s and 1960s, before arms-control agreements lent an air of manageability to nuclear politics.
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Cohen, Jonathan D. "“Put the Gangsters Out of Business”: Gambling Legalization and the War on Organized Crime". Journal of Policy History 31, n.º 04 (11 de setembro de 2019): 533–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030619000216.
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Abstract:From the 1950s through the 1970s, American policymakers engaged in an extensive campaign against illegal gambling in an effort to turn the tide in the government’s crusade against organized crime. At the grassroots, however, voters endorsed a different form of state expansion to beat back the mob menace. Between 1963 and 1977, fourteen northeastern and Rust Belt states enacted the first government-run lotteries in the twentieth-century United States on the belief that legalized gambling would undercut the mob’s gambling profits. While gambling opponents pointed to Las Vegas as proof that organized crime would flourish following legalization, supporters argued that illegal gambling was already pervasive, so the state may as well profit from this irrepressible activity. The history of gambling legalization challenges narratives on the popularity of law-and-order politics and offers a new perspective on crime policy in the post–World War II period.
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Edward Beauchamp. "Education and Biography in the Contemporary United States: An Introduction". Biography 13, n.º 1 (1990): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2010.0381.
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Berlin, Robert H. "United States Army World War II Corps Commanders: A Composite Biography". Journal of Military History 53, n.º 2 (abril de 1989): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985746.
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Reidy, David A. "Rawls and Racial Justice in the United States". Tocqueville Review 43, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2022): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.1.69.
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It has become increasingly common for students and scholars to criticize Rawls’s work as irrelevant, or worse, when it comes to issues of race and justice. Though he clearly judges both structural and systemic racial hierarchy and interpersonal racial disrespect to be non-controversially unjust, Rawls does not much explore, either in his ideal theory or in his non-ideal theory, issues at the intersection of race and justice. In this essay, drawing from both his texts and biography, I highlight some of Rawls’s thoughts on, and the seriousness with which he approached, these matters. Though I do not attempt to answer all the criticisms that have been raised regarding Rawls’s approach to issues of race and justice, I answer a few and to point the way toward resources that might prove fruitful in answering others. With respect to issues of race and justice, there are good reasons, better than critics typically acknowledge, to continue exploring the extent to which working from within a Rawlsian framework we can successfully think through our aspirational ideals and eliminate existing injustices.
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Kubyshkin, Alexander, e Ivan Kurilla. "“Reluctant Diplomat”: Nikolai Vasilievich Novikov’s Biography Pages". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n.º 1 (março de 2024): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.1.8.
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Introduction. The article analyzes the biography and diplomatic activities of Nikolai Vasilievich Novikov (1903–1989), a Soviet diplomat who represented the USSR in Cairo and in Washington during World War II and took part in the efforts to establish a new system of international relations at the beginning of the Cold War. Methods and materials. The article is based on published texts by Nikolai Novikov himself, diplomatic documents, periodicals, and materials from his personal archive, deposited in the Archive of the European University at St. Petersburg by the diplomat’s family. Analysis. The authors examine Novikov’s biography, the reasons for his rapid career in the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, his relations with Soviet foreign policy managers, and the circumstances of his resignation at a relatively young age. Special attention is paid to Novikov’s activities in the United States in the context of the emerging Cold War, the place of Novikov’s note (cable) in the process of shaping Soviet approaches to relations with the United States, and his own attitude to these approaches. Results. Novikov’s contribution to the shaping of the postwar world is underappreciated, as are his attempts to resist the changes that were breaking Soviet-American cooperation in the international arena. In fact, the strategic concepts formulated by Novikov in a memo to Molotov were the basis of the official Soviet interpretation of the causes and nature of the Cold War and were included in Soviet school and university textbooks on universal history and the history of international relations. Authors’ contributions. A.I. Kubyshkin analyzed the most important stages of Nikolai Novikov’s diplomatic activity and the general situation in relations between the USSR and the USA during the Second World War. He assessed Novikov’s activities from the political leadership of the USSR and foreign countries in which the Soviet diplomat worked. He also examined the most important aspects of the activities of Soviet diplomacy reflected in Novikov’s memoirs and carried out their internal criticism as a historical source. I.I. Kurilla processed the archive of Nikolai Novikov and identified and analyzed the corpus of sources of personal origin. He also analyzed the contents of Nikolai Novikov’s personal diaries, reviewed the personal contribution of N.V. Novikov in developing a strategy in relations with the United States in the initial period of the Cold War, and compared the contents of the “long telegram” of J. Kennan and the “Novikov telegram”.
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Griffiths, Jonathan. "Lives and works — biography and the law of copyright". Legal Studies 20, n.º 4 (novembro de 2000): 485–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2000.tb00156.x.
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In both the United Kingdom and the United States, there have been a substantial number of copyright disputes concerning the creation of biographical works. Prominent recent examples have involved J D Salinger and Sir Stephen Spender. In many such disputes, the claimant's motive for bringing infringement proceedings is not financial but ‘personal’— for example, to protect privacy or reputation. In this article, it is argued that, when copyright is employed for such motives, inconsistent results can arise. In particular, in such cases, it is demonstrated that the possession of a copyright interest is capable of providing a number of apparently inequitable advantages to claimants whose privacy or reputation is threatened.
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Zenkevich, I. V. "Archibald Cary Coolidge: A Promoter of Russian Studies in the United States." Язык и текст 3, n.º 3 (2016): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2016030307.
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The article is dedicated to the contribution of Harvard professor Archibald Cary Coolidge and his students into the rise and development of Russian studies in American Universities. The author believes that it was due to their personal interest and enthusiasm that the Russian language began to be taught in the USA universities. The article provides information about Coolidge’s biography, his approach to teaching Russian, and his work aimed at popularizing Russian and introducing it into the American higher education curriculum.
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Yoffee, Norman. "Robert McCormick Adams: An Archaeological Biography". American Antiquity 62, n.º 3 (julho de 1997): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282162.
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Robert Adams celebrated his 70th birthday on July 23, 1996. Forty years ago American Antiquity published his first journal article, which helped launch a remarkable career. Adams has influenced not only fundamental aspects of social evolutionary theory and archaeological reconnaissance surveys but also the structure of support for science in the United States and abroad. At the 1996 meetings of the Society for American Archaeology, Adams was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. This essay traces the intellectual influences on Adams, the progress of his fieldwork, and the exposition and development of his ideas in his monographs and major essays. The significance of his work is assessed, and a bibliography of his principal archaeological writings is included.
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Whitham, Charlie. "On dealing with gangsters: The limits of British ‘generosity’ in the leasing of bases to the United States, 1940–41". Diplomacy & Statecraft 7, n.º 3 (novembro de 1996): 589–630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592299608406018.
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Guerini, Andréia, Antonia de Jesus Sales e Odile Cisneros. "Clarice Lispector’s translators in the United States". Revista Brasileira de Literatura Comparada 24, n.º 47 (dezembro de 2022): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2596-304x20222447agajsoc.
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ABSTRACT Clarice Lispector’s entry as an author into the United States happens at different moments, beginning in the 1950s, with the translation of several short stories, carried out among others by Elizabeth Bishop, culminating with a biography of the author written in English by Benjamin Moser in 2009, and a little later, with the publication of the short stories and other pieces, in the emblematic edition entitled The Complete Stories, in 2015, edited by Benjamin Moser and translated by Katrina Dodson. These publications put the translators in the spotlight, as they were responsible for renewing Clarice’s presence on American soil. This paper aims to research the translators of Clarice Lispector’s works in the English-speaking cultural system, considering only the American context. The aim is to highlight these professional figures who contributed to the dissemination of this important Brazilian writer abroad, analyze their profile, and also examine their presence and imprint on some of the translations performed, such as prefaces, postscripts, notes, etc., assessing the degree of visibility and invisibility (Venuti 2021). By considering the relevance of translators as social actors/dialogical bodies (Robinson, 1991, 2012) and as “translating subjects” (Berman, 1995) and the fact that English translations of Clarice’s works have influenced and stimulated the circulation of this author in other literary systems, by examining the biobibliographical profile, verifying its presence or not in the paratexts (Genette, 2009/Batchelor, 2018) of Clarice Lispector’s English-language translators and their translation position, as well as their project and horizon (Berman, 1995), we gain an understanding of the translation policies of a given cultural polysystem.
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Maxwell, William J., e Bill V. Mullen. "James Baldwin in the Fire This Time". James Baldwin Review 7, n.º 1 (28 de setembro de 2021): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jbr.7.9.
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William J. Maxwell, editor of James Baldwin: The FBI File (2017), interviews Bill V. Mullen on his 2019 biography, James Baldwin: Living in Fire, along the way touching on both Baldwin’s early internationalism and his relevance to the current wave of racial discord and interracial possibility in the United States.
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Ferguson, Robert. "Remembering Tom Heck and His Legacy". Soundboard Scholar 7, n.º 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/sbs.2021.7.18.
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An obituary of Thomas Heck (1943–2021), outlining his contributions to guitar scholarship, especially with reference to his seminal biography of Giuliani and his research into musical iconography. This article also describes his contribution to the classical guitar community in the United States, as the founding visionary of the Guitar Foundation of America.
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Murphy, John W., Steven L. Arxer e Linda L. Belgrave. "The Life Course Metaphor: Implications for Biography and Interpretive Research". Qualitative Sociology Review 6, n.º 1 (27 de dezembro de 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.6.1.02.
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This paper reviews qualitative research in the United States, highlighting the ways research has changed in the era of the third age. With growing attention to positive and uplifting aspects of aging, qualitative research has played a critical role in the exploration of the ways in which older adults are engaging in meaningful ways with others. We describe two key methodological approaches that have been important to examining positive aspects of aging and exploring the extent to which a growing number of years of healthy retirement are redefining the aging experience: ethnographic research and grounded theory research. We also review key topics associated with qualitative research in the era of the third age. These topics fit within two dominant frameworks – research exploring meaningmaking in later life and research exploring meaningful engagement in later life. These frameworks were critically important to raising attention to meaningful experiences and interactions with others, and we propose that the agenda for future qualitative research in the United States should continue contributing to these frameworks. However, we note that a third framework should also be developed which examines what it means to be a third age through use of a phenomenological approach, which will assist in the important task of theory building about the third age.
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Jackson, Michael D. "Between Biography and Ethnography". Harvard Theological Review 101, n.º 3-4 (outubro de 2008): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816008001910.
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My point of departure in this essay is Davíd Carrasco's Convocation Address at the Harvard Divinity School in September 2006. Speaking of the borderlands between Mexico and the United States, Carrasco projects an image of a vexed and ambiguous zone that is not merely geographic or political; it defines an existential situation of being betwixt and between, of struggle and suffering, that Karl Jaspers sums up in the term Grenzsituationen (borders/limit situations). The frontier throws up images of borderline experiences, of a destabilized and transgressive consciousness in which “dreams, repressed memories, psychological transferences and associations” possess greater presence than they do in ordinary waking life, and religious experiences emerge from the unconscious like apparitions. This interplay between borderlands and borderline phenomena—between “the differences we have with others and the conflicts within ourselves” also finds expression in the work of Gloria Anzaldúa. “Mestiza consciousness,” she observes, may be identified with a “juncture … where phenomena collide.” This implies “a shock culture, a border culture, a third country” where migrants find themselves at the limits of what they can endure, border patrol agents are stretched beyond the limits of what they can control, and intellectuals find that orthodox ways of describing and analyzing the world do not do justice to the experiences involved.
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Cruz-Manjarrez, Adriana. "Danzas Chuscas: Performing Migration in a Zapotec Community". Dance Research Journal 40, n.º 2 (2008): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767700000358.
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Danzas chuscas are parodic dances performed in indigenous and mestizo villages throughout Mexico. In the village of Yalálag, a Zapotec indigenous village in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, danzas chuscas are performed during religious celebrations, a time when many Yalaltecos (people from Yalálag) who have immigrated to Los Angeles return to visit their families. Since the late 1980s, these immigrants have become the subject of the dances. Yalaltecos humorously represent those who have adopted “American” behaviors or those who have remitted negative values and behaviors from inner-city neighborhoods of Los Angeles to Yalálag. Danzas chuscas such as “Los Mojados” (“The Wetbacks”), “Los Cocineros” (“The Cooks”), and “Los Cholos” (“Los Angeles Gangsters”) comically portray the roles that Yalaltec immigrants have come to play in the United States. Danzas chuscas such as “Los Norteños” (“The Northerners”), “Los Turistas” (“The Tourists”), and “El Regreso de los Mojados” (“The Return of the Wetbacks”) characterize Yalaltec immigrants as outsiders and visitors. And the choreography in dances like “Los Yalaltecos” (“The Residents of Yalálag”) and “Las Minifaldas” (“The Miniskirts”) reflect changes in these immigrants' social status, gender behaviors, and class position. In other words, these dances embody the impact of migration on social, economic, and cultural levels. Through physical humor immigrants and nonimmigrants confront the tensions and uncertainties stemming from Zapotec migration into the United States: community social disorganization, social instability, and changes in the meaning of group identity as it relates to gender, class, ethnicity, and culture.
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Abeshouse, Marnie, Scott Goldstein e Benjamin Phillips. "Mark M. Ravitch: A Staple in Surgical History and Innovation". American Surgeon 86, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2020): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313482008600212.
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Mark M. Ravitch is a surgeon worth acknowledging. He is credited for revolutionizing pediatric surgery as a subspecialty, mastering chest wall deformities and introducing the surgical stapler to the United States, to name a few. Above all, he was a notable leader, teacher, and author. This historical vingette is a brief snapshot of his biography and various achievements.
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Filimonova, Maria. "Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (1746–1825): Three-Time Presidential Candidate of the United States". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 3 (2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020236-7.
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Charles Cotesworth Pinckney is one of the forgotten “founding fathers” of the United States. His diverse military, political and diplomatic activities have been poorly studied in American historiography and have received little attention on the part of Russian Americanists. The study of his biography is particularly relevant in the light of current trends in American society, where the activities of the “founding fathers” are viewed narrowly, solely through the prism of slavery and racism. Hence the aim of this article is to use the biography of a Southerner from the revolutionary era to illustrate how the defence of slavery could be combined with the values of classical republicanism and the principles of the Enlightenment in the worldview of the "founding fathers". The source base of the study is largely founded on the electronic archive of the Pinckney family, published by the University of Virginia. Publications of the debates of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and materials of the ratification campaign, as well as South Carolina periodicals were also used. From available sources, the author concludes that Pinckney followed the ethical models of classical republicanism. In politics, Pinckney aimed at a republic ruled by virtue and talent. However, like an ancient polis, Pinckney’s ideal state was a state of a free minority. From his point of view, freedom and equality had nothing to do with slaves. Nevertheless, he remained in history as one of the authors of the US Constitution, and as a diplomat who refused to submit to extortion by the French Directory. He ran for president of the United States three times and, although he lost each time, he emerged from the ordeal with an unblemished reputation, which was rare in a fiercely partisan struggle.
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Sergieva, Natalia S. "American Stage of Pitirim Sorokin’s Linguistic Biography". Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 16, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2019-16-1-35-44.
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The article discusses the features of the bilingualism of an eminent sociologist of the twentieth century Pitirim Sorokin in the American period of his life. The purpose of the study is to identify and explain the linguistic features of his scientific thinking in connection with the development of his scientific worldview. The study is based on the materials of Pitirim A. Sorokin Collection at the University of Saskatchewan (Canada). Archival manuscripts and research notes allow us to trace the process of changing the language and switching codes in the professional activities of Pitirim Sorokin after moving to the United States of America. It has been established that the use of a mixed metalanguage by Pitirim Sorokin can be considered as additional evidence of the continued connection with the Russian period of his life and scientific activity. Russian remained for him a tool of scientific thinking, planning and management.
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Kimmage, Michael. "Gary Murrell. “The Most Dangerous Communist in the United States”: A Biography of Herbert Aptheker." American Historical Review 122, n.º 3 (junho de 2017): 875–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/122.3.875.
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Shumakov, A. A. "THE LIFE OF MARTIN ROBINSON DELANY'S AND EVOLUTION HIS IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL VIEWS". Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 01, n.º 05 (25 de março de 2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2021-05-01-141-153.
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This article examines the evolution of the ideological and political views of Martin Robinson Delany, who is credited with the first conceptual justification of the doctrine of "black nationalism" in the United States. The author analyzes the main milestones of the biography of this figure, his rich literary heritage, focusing on the consideration of the internal dialectics of Delany's political philosophy, the variability and inconsistency of his views at various stages of life. Special attention is paid to Delany's attitude to the ideology of pan-Africanism and black nationalism, as well as his controversy with Frederick Douglass. The uniqueness of the study lies in the fact that it is the first attempt in Russian academic science to present the biography and analysis of the ideological and theoretical heritage of an outstanding African-American public figure, an assessment of his contribution to the struggle for the rights of the black population in the United States. The source base is the work of Delany himself and his biographies, none of which has been translated into Russian. A number of sources are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The historical-genetic and historical-typological methods are used as specific historical methods in this work.
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beahrs, andrew. "Twain's Feast: ““The American”” at Table". Gastronomica 7, n.º 2 (2007): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2007.7.2.26.
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While touring Europe in 1879, Mark Twain composed a long menu of the eighty American foods he professed to miss the most. Drawn from his own fondest memories of life in the United States, the menu allowed him to think of America without the bitterness that so often characterized his political commentary. Instead of a nation of hypocrisy and greed, he imagined a country of abundance and mighty appetite, the source of the folkways that he celebrated throughout his work. Maintaining this image required notable omissions, as he carefully constructed an image of America without details that could have undermined the contrast between the complex "shams" of Europe and his supposedly simple, genuine home country. The result was an idealized portrayal not only of the United States, but of Twain's own biography and authorial persona.
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Graham, Gordon. "Understanding America Better A Ten-book Challenge". Logos 23, n.º 2 (2012): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1878-4712-11111115.
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AbstractEleven Americans, including a publisher, an international entrepreneur, two librarians, an historian, an art designer, a real estate agent, an author, an academic, an IT consultant and a bibliophile, were asked to choose which ten books they would recommend to a new arrival in the United States. Their target was defined as literate in English, well read, and with an intelligent outsider's knowledge of the United States. The participants, who made their choices unbeknown to one another, were invited to annotate their choices. The result is a kaleidoscope of views and arguments, with surprisingly little overlap, reflecting the endless diversity of the subject. The earliest of the 87 titles recommended is dated 1786, the most recent 2011. They include the famous and the obscure, scholarly and popular, tomes and light reading, poetry and essays, history and biography, science and sociology.
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Halperin, Charles J. "(Re)Discovering George Vernadsky". Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography 11, n.º 1 (1 de outubro de 2018): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102388-01100006.
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Andrei Dvornichenko’s impressive Russkii istorik. Georgii Vernadskii. Puteshestviia v mire liudei, idei i sobytii is the first biography of the Russian émigré historian of Russia who was one of the founding fathers of the study of Russian history in the United States. Dvornichenko’s book surveys Vernadsky’s life and prodigious scholarly output in detail. It is now the standard work on the subject. Anyone interested in the Russian emigration, Russian historiography, or Russian history in general should read this monograph.
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Soliman, Maryan. ""The Most Dangerous Communist in the United States": A Biography of Herbert Aptheker by Gary Murrell". Journal of Southern History 83, n.º 2 (2017): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/soh.2017.0150.
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La Follette, Laetitia. "Looted Antiquities, Art Museums and Restitution in the United States since 1970". Journal of Contemporary History 52, n.º 3 (27 de julho de 2016): 669–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416641198.
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US attitudes towards restitution and the problem of looted antiquities have shifted since 1970, as pressure builds to change norms for the acquisition of unprovenanced artefacts that have fueled a transnational trade in stolen objects and the depredation of archaeological sites worldwide. This article traces several triggers for change and initial steps towards a revised policy while also cataloguing areas of resistance. It examines the mechanisms of US government policy for international heritage protection and suggests that domestic legislation of the 1990s protecting the heritage of Native Americans has played a significant role in changing museum attitudes and policies. The new transparency for indigenous artifacts has produced museum displays that address their ownership history, larger social context and the distinctly different values assigned them by various groups. For classical antiquities, in contrast, attention to aesthetics still trumps such vital contextual information. This article suggests a different approach, one that showcases the biography of the object, its various lives or contexts, and the way different stakeholders have valued it over time. By drawing attention to restitution and the looting of heritage sites, such an approach better explains the history of the work of art and the continued importance of antiquity today.
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Chandler, David. "Paul Mus (1902––1969): A Biographical Sketch". Journal of Vietnamese Studies 4, n.º 1 (2009): 149–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2009.4.1.149.
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Using recently available archival materials, this essay presents a new,detailed biography of Paul Mus (1902––1969), a brilliant scholar of Buddhism, a brave soldier, and a public intellectual who was out of step with the French establishment in the 1940s and 1950s as an early opponent of the First Indochina War and the French war in Algeria. His profound and timely insights into Vietnamese nationalism, largely ignored at the time, have had a delayed and positive impact on Vietnamese studies in France and the United States.
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Zhao, Bingxiang. "Returning life to society: Biography as a narrative of the whole". Chinese Journal of Sociology 7, n.º 2 (abril de 2021): 217–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x211009664.
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Biography is a unique form of narration in ethnography and historiography. This article attempts to position Lin Yueh-Hwa’s works within the context of sociological and anthropological debate since the 1920s. In doing so it explores the potential uses of the biographical method in the study of Chinese history and society. Although Lin was a bearer of the biographical tradition of Chinese literature and history, his works were also profoundly influenced by both the narrative method of life history in the United States and social-life studies in France. In addition to these two influential biographical traditions, anthropologists in Britain developed the genealogical approach to investigating sacred kingship. This study regards these three traditions of individual-life biography, social-life studies and genealogy as a “biographic triad”. Relevant works in contemporary Chinese sociology and anthropology are reviewed within this framework. It is conceivable that phenomenological description alone is insufficient when applying the biographical method. One must take into consideration Chinese centralized power and the overall social structure of China. Only by placing “life biography” against society’s ever-changing processes can one turn individual stories into powerful narratives depicting the whole structure of Chinese social life.
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Hart, Jonathan Locke. "Jane Gray’s Framing of Asa Gray through Autobiography, Biography, and Correspondence". Canadian Review of American Studies 52, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2022): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras.2021-005.
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Jane Loring Gray, wife of celebrated and renowned Harvard botanist Asa Gray, helped to build up the work and the posthumous reputation of her husband as a leading scientist, an advocate of Charles Darwin, and a popular proponent of science in the nineteenth-century United States. Jane left Asa the scientist for others and wanted to create a portrait of Asa the person. This article discusses the Grays’ partnership in science, places that relationship in context, and stresses the contribution Jane made to Asa’s legacy, including the way she framed her husband’s work and reputation after his death. The emphasis is on the literary, historical, cultural, biographical, and autobiographical dimensions of the Grays’ work, on the implications that work has for botany and science, and on the challenges that Jane Gray had owing to her gender, to family and social roles, and in the face of delicate health.
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Thum, Jasmine A. "Resiliency of a perpetual optimist: neurosurgeon Dr. Linda Liau". Neurosurgical Focus 50, n.º 3 (março de 2021): E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.12.focus20954.
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It is not possible to capture all the depth that composes Dr. Linda Liau: chair of the Neurosurgery Department at the University of California, Los Angeles; second woman to chair a neurosurgery program in the United States; first woman to chair the American Board of Neurological Surgery; first woman president of the Western Neurosurgical Society; and one of only a handful of neurosurgeons elected to the National Academy of Medicine. Her childhood and family history alone could fascinate several chapters of her life’s biography. Nonetheless, this brief biography hopes to capture the challenges, triumphs, cultural norms, and spirit that have shaped Dr. Liau’s experience as a successful leader, scientist, and neurosurgeon. This is a rare story. It describes the rise of not only an immigrant within neurosurgery—not unlike other giants in the field, Drs. Robert Spetzler, Jacques Marcos, Ossama Al-Mefty, and a handful of other contemporaries—but also another type of minority in neurosurgery: a woman.
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Pecina, Jozef. "Literature as a Political Tool: Whig Efforts to Prevent the Election of Martin Van Buren". CLEaR 4, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/clear-2017-0006.
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Abstract Starting with Andrew Jackson, presidential candidates in the United States used campaign biographies as useful political tools, and since 1824 no presidential election year has passed without a campaign biography. Martin Van Buren, President Jackson’s successor in the White House, became a target of a vicious campaign intended to prevent his election. His Whig opponents used a number of literary genres to slander him, including a mock campaign biography and a novel. The article focuses on the portrayal of Martin Van Buren in The Life of Martin Van Buren, allegedly written by Davy Crockett in 1835, and a novel named The Partisan Leader; A Tale of the Future, written by Nathaniel Beverley Tucker in 1836. Though being of different genres, these curious and obscure works have certain things in common - they were written under pseudonyms, their main goal was to prevent the election of Martin Van Buren and both of them failed in their goal.
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Heideman, Paul M. "Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883–1918, Jeffrey B. Perry, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009". Historical Materialism 21, n.º 3 (2013): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341315.
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AbstractJeffrey B. Perry’s biography of Hubert Harrison restores the legacy of a central figure in the history of Black radicalism. Though largely forgotten today, Harrison was acknowledged by his early-twentieth-century peers as ‘the father of Harlem radicalism’. Author of pioneering analyses of white supremacy’s role in American capitalism, proponent of armed self-defence among African-Americans, and anti-colonial intellectual, Harrison played a central role in the development of Black politics in the United States. This review traces Harrison’s journey from socialist organiser to Black nationalist, considering its implications for the history of American radicalism.
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Sandell, David P. "John Rollin Ridge’s Joaquín Murieta and the Legacy of the Mexican American Frontier". Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 28, n.º 2 (2003): 21–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/azt.2003.28.2.21.
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This essay addresses colonial history, the underlying dynumics of nineteenth-century Mexican and United States political relations, and John Rollin Ridge’s biography to articulate Mexican and American frontier mythologies. These mythologies shnped California’s social context of the early 1850s, Ridge’s representation ofJoquín Murieta, and Jouquín’s impression. His impression, which combines self-reliance, enterprise, heroism, and villainy, has retained symbolic value for Californians. As a reification of the frontier mythologies, Jouquín expresses a legacy of conflict between Anglo Americans and Mexicans; he also articulates their intimacy, marking a path toward reconciliation and advancing his role as a social bandit who fights for justice.
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Varão, Rafiza. "A first glance at the work of Dorothy Blumenstock Jones". Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación 12, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/medcom.19325.
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Despite having occupied an important position in the United States Office of War Information (OWI) and having actively participated in a decisive period of Communication Research, Dorothy Blumenstock Jones is a name almost forgotten in the history of the field of communication. All we know about her biography is like some puzzle pieces, although she made significant contributions to the study of movies in the 20th century. This paper seeks to portray not only biographical data about Jones but especially to map her work and its proposals related to the development of film analysis and content analysis - and to place her on the list of pioneers of communication studies.
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Potrzeszcz, Jadwiga. "Życie i działalność naukowa Księdza Profesora Antoniego Kościa SVD". Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego 10, n.º 1 (23 de fevereiro de 2023): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/bsawp.5025.
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This article undertakes the issue of the life and scientific activity of Rev. Prof. Antoni Kość, particularly his contribution to the development of Polish and world philosophy of law. The author presents the biography of Antoni Kość beginning with the schooldays. In the article have been descibed the following stages: the seminary and theology studies in the Catholic University of Lublin; missionary work and law studies in Japan; law studies in Germany and the United States; studies and work at the universities in Japan and Korea; work at the Catholic University of Lublin. The author presents also the academic achievements of Prof. Antoni Kość.
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Martynov, Andrii. "Hryshchenko T. A. Zbigniew Brzezinski. International strategist in the coordinates of history. Kyiv-Nizhyn: Publisher Lysenko M. M., 2020. 341 p." American History & Politics: Scientific edition, n.º 11 (2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2021.11.8.
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The review dissects a monograph on the intellectual biography of Z. Brzezinski. The author of the monograph systematically and comparatively considered the conceptual and theoretical approaches of this American strategist against the backdrop of Cold War era and the unipolar world after the victory of the United States over the USSR. Z. Brzezinski was a great promoter and visionary of Ukraine, consistently advocated the rapprochement of the Ukrainian and Polish peoples in a united democratic Europe. In our opinion, an important place in the historiography of research on the influence of Z. Brzezinski on world history will be occupied by the study of Taras A. Hryshchenko. The author of the monograph advanced into methodological agenda seven groups of typologically different sources related to the stages of formation, development and public perception of international strategic concepts of Z. Brzezinski. Z. Brzezinski’s world outlooks and anti-communist guidelines were optimal for the development and implementation of a course in the field of US national security during the administration of President J. Carter. Particularly relevant to current international relations is the author’s rethinking the comparative aspect of the concepts of globalization and the role of the United States in this process, which belong to Z. Brzezinski and his colleagues S. Huntington and G. Kissinger. Z. Brzezinski’s strategic concepts best meet the needs of preserving the global leadership role of the United States in the complex and contradictory world of the 21st century. The conclusions of the monograph brief why the hereditary generation of intellectual successors of the tradition of analysis of international relations, founded by Z. Brzezinski, was not formed clearly enough. These reasons include the declining interest in American society in grand strategy, the excessive social impact of the information technology sector and entertainment manufacturers, and the tendency toward self-destructive hostility among the American political establishment.
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Boot, Max A. "America through Its Great Lives: An Informal Readers’ Guide". Er(r)go. Teoria - Literatura - Kultura, n.º 43 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/errgo.11684.
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Taking as a starting point the events of Donald Trump’s presidency, the healthcare crisis caused by the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, and the perception of the United States of America as a (fading) symbol of democracy, this essay investigates whether a balanced discussion on the contemporary image of America is still possible. As it is argued, such a balanced view might be achieved thanks to the genre of biography. Therefore, a subjective selection of biographies contributing to this view is presented, starting with those dedicated to Alexander Hamilton and George Washington and ending with the ones focusing on Michelle and Barack Obama; as it is shown, they allow us to investigate the complicated personages who contributed to the contemporary image of America.
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Ángeles Díaz, Sofía Beatriz, e Marlene Celia Solís Pérez. "Periodismo transfronterizo: Trayectorias y procesos de identificación laboral en Tijuana, México, y San Diego, Estados Unidos". Frontera norte 31 (1 de janeiro de 2019): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2066.
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The purpose of this article was to analyze the work-related biography of a group of journalists working across the border between Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego, United States. The discussion focuses on the influence of the nature of journalism on the configuration of the professional identities of ten journalists interviewed during the second half of 2015. Based on an analysis of work-related trajectories and forms of identification, we found that multiple activities and independent work are two strategies used by cross-border journalists to stay active in the field, but also as areas of rupture with the profession. This exploratory study brings new questions to the analysis of professions, and particularly journalism, in complex contexts such as the Mexico-U.S. border.
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Hughes, Richard. "Gates, Jr And Higginbotham, Eds., Harlem Renaissance Lives - From African American National Biography". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 34, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2009): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.34.2.110-111.
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With hundreds of accessible entries on the lives of African Americans directly or indirectly associated with this period, Harlem Renaissance Lives is an ambitious effort to highlight, and sometimes uncover, the role of African Americans in shaping the United States in the twentieth century. While the entries are brief, the book's strength is its breadth with portraits of not only writers, artists, actors, and musicians but also educators, civil rights and labor activists, entrepreneurs, athletes, clergy, and aviators. Students of history will find familiar figures of the period such as Langston Hughes, Josephine Baker, Duke Ellington, Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. However, the real value of the work is in highlighting, however briefly, the lives of hundreds of lesser-known African Americans. Some figures, such as educator Roscoe Bruce, the son of a U.S. Senator, grew up relatively privileged, but many of the biographies involve African-Americans whose unlikely contributions begin with a background that included slavery and sharecropping. Regardless, each entry includes a valuable bibliography and information about relevant primary sources such as an obituary and archival collections.
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DeJong-Lambert, William. "“…this Brazilian venture…” A brief biography of Theodosius Dobzhansky before he arrived in Brazil". Filosofia e História da Biologia 15, n.º 2 (20 de dezembro de 2020): 257–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-6224v15i2p257-289.
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This paper describes life and career of Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) until he arrived in Brazil in 1943. During his years in Russia, Dobzhansky began his entomology studies and undertook research expeditions to Central Asia to study livestock, which focused on speciation biology. Once he arrived in the United States Dobzhansky began working with Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945) at Columbia University. Once Morgan relocated to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Dobzhansky started collaborating with his colleague, Alfred Henry Sturtevant (1891-1970), on studies of a wild cousin of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura. Dobzhansky and Sturtevant’s friendship and collaboration suffered due to several factors, including most importantly, their differing approaches to Drosophila pseudoobscura as influenced by their different conceptions of the purpose of their work. While Sturtevant studied the flies using the same techniques as his studies of the domestic Drosophila melanogaster, Dobzhansky studied Drosophila pseudoobscura in the field considering his broader dictum that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.”
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Bohan, Chara Haeussler, e James A. Chisholm. "Mary Sheldon Barnes: An Educator’s Life in Historical Context". Social Studies Research and Practice 6, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2011): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-02-2011-b0008.
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The challenge of writing a historical biography is interesting from several perspectives. The writer primarily seeks to provide a clear picture of the subject without imposing personal biases. Maintaining an objective perspective becomes more difficult when deciding which material to include or exclude. This challenge became very evident when we began to write about Mary Sheldon Barnes. She was a leading educator at the end of the nineteenth century in the United States. It is easy to overlook her writing in educational history, but her impact on teaching methodology is present today in most classrooms. She was a pioneer because she included “sources” or pieces of original documents and pictures in her first textbook entitled Studies in General History. Her educational contributions have been blurred for several reasons which are explored in this research.
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Schwanebeck, Wieland. "A Self-Made Man: Hard Times and the Dickensian Impostor". Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 67, n.º 4 (18 de dezembro de 2019): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2019-0027.
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Abstract This essay examines the impostor trope within the works of Charles Dickens, focusing on the example of Josiah Bounderby, the villain of Hard Times (1854), in particular. As a product of the Victorian age’s obsession with character-building and the spirit of industriousness as epitomised in the work of Samuel Smiles, Bounderby not only embodies much of what Dickens found objectionable about utilitarian thought but also a number of tropes that were and remain crucial to the cultural imaginary of the United States (even though Hard Times only briefly alludes to America). As a charismatic rogue who tinkers with his own biography, Bounderby foreshadows the coming of the impostor in turn-of-the-century European literature, an aspect of Hard Times that has so far been overlooked in critical accounts of the novel.
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Tarascio, Vincent J. "An Intellectual Autobiography". Journal of the History of Economic Thought 21, n.º 1 (março de 1999): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200002844.
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Although this essay is essentially an intellectual biography, personal experiences have influenced my career as an economist and historian of economic thought. For this reason, I shall devote some space to these experiences before turning to the main topic.My parents migrated from Sicily to the United States prior to the First World War; met and then married in this country and eventually settled in Hartford, Connecticut. I was conceived in 1929, the year of the Great Crash and born the following year at the onset of the Great Depression. However, for my family our economic depression had begun in 1929, when my father was seriously injured at a construction site and spent the next 8 months hospitalized, leaving my mother, who was pregnant with me, and my two siblings, without any means of support.
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King-White, Ryan. "Danny Almonte: Discursive Construction(s) of (Im)migrant Citizenship in Neoliberal America". Sociology of Sport Journal 27, n.º 2 (junho de 2010): 178–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.2.178.
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In this project I will trace former Little League Baseball star, Danny Almonte’s, celebrity identity and flexible citizenship with particular regard to the way that he has been used as both an exemplary Dominican immigrant and later a cautionary tale. As such this critical biography of Almonte’s rise and fall in American popular culture—informed by Henry Giroux’s extensive theorizing on youth culture, Ong’s concept of flexible citizenship, and Steven Jackson’s understanding of “twisting”—will critically interrogate the mediated discourses used to describe, define, and make Almonte into a symbol of a (stereo)typical Dominican male. In accordance with contemporaneous hyper-conservative and neoliberal rhetoric pervasive throughout the United States, I posit the notion that Almonte’s contested celebrity was formulated within the popular media as the embodiment of the minority “assault” on white privilege.
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Weissman, Terri. "Whose Streets? Police Violence and the Recorded Image". Arts 8, n.º 4 (26 de novembro de 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8040155.
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This essay reframes street photography in terms of the images and videos taken by bystanders who find themselves witness to egregious acts of state-sanctioned police violence against black and brown bodies in the United States. Along the way, it challenges the belief that bystanders are “innocent” observers and investigates the meaning of “evidence” and the role of representation in order to argue for a model of seeing that can simultaneously reveal moments of ongoing racial debilitation and work to create new political subjects capable of transformative collective action. The goal is twofold: (1) to disrupt a history of photography—and more specifically a history of street photography—that emphasizes innovation, biography, and universal experience; and (2) to reorient what it means to discuss the politics of the image (in particular, the digital “documentary” image) away from a discourse that either privileges “uncertainty” or understands images as empty simulations, and toward one that acknowledges representation’s complexity but also its ongoing power. In the United States, we may never be able to tell a story in and about public space without replaying scenes of violence and targeted assault, but this essay argues that finding ways to let voices and images from the past—both tragic and redemptive—resonate in the present and speak to us in the future, may provide some way forward.
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Kunieda, Mari. "Umeko Tsuda: a Pioneer in Higher Education for Women in Japan". Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 7, n.º 2 (7 de julho de 2020): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.313.
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This article explores the life and achievements of Umeko Tsuda, who played a pioneering role in higher education for women in Japan in the early twentieth century. In 1871, the Japanese government sent five girls to the United States to study. They were expected to become models for Japanese women when they returned. Six-year-old Umeko Tsuda was the youngest among them, and she remained in the United States for eleven years until she had graduated from high school. We trace her steps historically in order to highlight the experiences which drove her to work to raise women’s status in Japan. The first biography of her, by Toshikazu Yoshikawa, was reviewed by Umeko herself, and in the years since other researchers have analysed Umeko’s life from various viewpoints. Umeko’s writings, speeches, and correspondence with her American host family and friends also reveal her thoughts. As an early female returnee, Umeko developed her ideas of what schools for women should be like. With the moral and financial support of close American and Japanese friends, Umeko started her ideal school in 1900 with only ten students. This Tokyo school was the first private institution for higher education for women in Japan. Thus, Umeko’s determination to help Japanese women become more educated and happier was the foundation of Tsuda University, now offering BAs, MAs, and PhDs in a variety of programmes in Tokyo.