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Lednická, Markéta, e Zdeněk Kaláb. "Determination of Granite Rock Massif Weathering and Cracking of Surface Layers in the Oldest Parts of Medieval Mine Depending on Used Mining Method". Archives of Mining Sciences 61, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2016): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2016-0028.
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Abstract The paper presents the use of selected non-destructive testing methods for the purpose of specifying information on weathering and cracking of surface layers of granite rock massif in the medieval Jeroným Mine (the Czech Republic). This mine has been declared the National Heritage Site of the Czech Republic and its opening as a mining museum to the public is gradually prepared. Geological and geomechanical evaluation documents the possibility to find all kinds of weathering grades of rock massif in this mine. Two non-destructive methods have been tested, namely the measurement of ultrasonic pulse velocity and the measurement of Schmidt hammer rebound value. Field measurements were performed in two selected galleries to verify the application of such methods in specific conditions of underground spaces. Used mining method is one of the parameters later influencing cracking of rock massif. In selected galleries, two different mining methods were used which means that a part of a gallery profile was mined out by hand tools in the Middle Ages and another part of the profile was later mined out by blasting. Measurements in these galleries have enabled to analyse the influence of used mining methods on cracking of rock massif in the impaired zone, and, consequently, on ongoing weathering processes in those zones.
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Colombo, Vitor, Maria Lurdes Dinis e José Soeiro de Carvalho. "Numerical Model to Assess the State and Increase of Temperatures in Underground Mine Galleries: A Tool to Support Heat Recovery Projects". International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications 4, n.º 1 (26 de março de 2021): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v4i1.69.
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Underground mining is facing growing challenges related to the need to mine deeper and at higher temperatures, to operational expenditures associated with energy consumption, lower grade ores, environmental constraints, and social pressures. In this scenario, a new numerical model is proposed to estimate temperature increase inside mining galleries to provide specific criteria for heat recovery projects, which may consider heat extraction from abandoned mines using closed-loop geothermal systems or from operating mines using the exhaust ventilation air. This model couples different approaches from previous models and include key parameters unemployed until this moment, such as wall roughness and velocity profile modeling, what would allow for a more realistic estimation of convective heat transfer phenomena, which is critical to predicting heat exchange in ventilation air due to the turbulent nature of the airflow. The model also includes other heat sources that could be present inside galleries and should be accounted for, such as machinery, once the heat dissipated to the environment might be substantial depending on the equipment and gallery geometry. The general intention of this project is to account for every heat source that may contribute to increasing the temperature inside the gallery, so it becomes tangible to harness as much heat energy as possible, preventing energetic losses and stimulating an increase of thermodynamic efficiency in underground mining operations. The model is not validated yet with real temperature data, but preliminary results agree with the ones from previous models.
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Paul, Avinash, V. M. S. R. Murthy e Ajoy Kumar Singh. "Rock Load Estimation in Development Galleries and Junctions for Underground Coal Mines: A CMRI-ISM Rock Mass Rating Approach". Journal of Mining 2014 (9 de março de 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/618719.
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Rock mass rating (RMR) plays important role in design and selection of support system (Ghosh, 2000). For stability assessment of rock mass it is very important to know the amount of rock load mobilized around the development gallery which is estimated using RMR (Singh et al., 2003, Barton et al., 1974, Bieniawski, 1984, and Ghosh et al., 1992). In Indian coal mines, Central Mining Research Institute-Indian School of Mines rock mass rating (herein after referred to as CMRI-ISM RMR) is mostly used for formulating design guidelines for supports. In this paper an attempt has been made to correlate CMRI-ISM RMR values and rock load of galleries and junctions for different gallery widths, ranging from 3.6 m to 4.8 m, at different densities of roof rocks. The proposed empirical expression can help in quick design of support system for underground coal mines working in the same regime.
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Szabó, Krisztina. "A Pécs környéki szénbányászat épített környezetének nevei". Névtani Értesítő 33 (30 de dezembro de 2011): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2011.9.
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The paper discusses the names indicating the elements of the man-made environment established after 1848 in the coal-mining district neighbouring the town of Pécs. Names for shafts, galleries and mine premises are analysed in a functional-semantic framework. With respect to the three types of names, names for shafts should be considered as the most characteristic type, as names for galleries and mine premises are often derived from shaft names. Direct motivation is common in all three name types: names for shafts often refer to a person, whilst galleries and mine premises usually take their names from an establishment. The lack of direct relationship between the specific name constituent and the designated denotatum can mostly be observed in the case of shaft names. One third of the names for galleries are of uncertain origin, and only a single name for a mine premise has a blurred function. Names of commemorating function are frequent in case of names for shafts and mine premises, but are lacking in case of names for galleries (as galleries are usually used for a short period of time). Mine premises, often functioning up to the present day, long after the mines were closed down, were not named after their characteristics at all, and do not bear names of conventional function either. Names indicating the type of the denotatum are extremely rare: in the observed name corpus this function can only be exemplified by a single name for a gallery.
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Santisteban, María, Ana Teresa Luís, José Antonio Grande, Javier Aroba, José Miguel Dávila, Aguasanta Miguel Sarmiento, Juan Carlos Fortes, Francisco Cordoba e Ángel Mariano Rodriguez-Pérez. "Hydrochemical Characterization of an Acid Mine Effluent from Concepcion Mine Using Classical Statistic and Fuzzy Logic Techniques". Minerals 12, n.º 4 (11 de abril de 2022): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040464.
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This work focuses on the physical-chemical characterization of a mining effluent affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) from its source to the confluence in the Odiel river, one of the most polluted rivers by AMD worldwide, in order to understand the reactions involved in the modifications in the chemical characteristics of water and precipitates resulting from water–rock–atmosphere interaction in an environment highly affected by mining activity without corrective measures. The channel starts in an open pit lake through one of the Concepción Mine main galleries, located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, about 10 km northwest of Rio Tinto mining complex (southwest Spain). This gallery intercepts one of the largest and oldest underground mining work locations called “gallery Carmen”, allowing the exit of AMD affected waters. This channel is the first AMD polluting source in the Odiel basin. Thus, at the end of the rainy season, we conducted water sampling along this channel, from its source to its mouth, to further analyse its characterization and interpret the cause–effect relationships through the application of Fuzzy Logic and classical statistics tools. The interdependent relationship between the measured physicochemical parameters are set in order to propose a model, capable of describing the evolution of contaminants in response to the processes and reactions taking place within the affected channel and the Odiel river. The present work concluded the existence of natural attenuation processes for the mining channel, despite the entrances of other drainages in the AMD channel with different hydrochemical characteristics imposing modifications on it. This indicates that these media have a high vulnerability to external stimuli.
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Kocot, Wojciech, e Aleksander Wodyński. "Case Study of Insufficient Resistance to Mining Impacts of the Industrial Transport Gallery". Geoinformatica Polonica 20 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/21995923gp.21.009.14980.
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The article presents an example of a transport gallery, which resistance to mining impacts proved to be not enough. In the first part of the article, there are given the principles which should be followed by this type of structures. The second part presents a of the gallery’s structure and also the analysis of the reasons for too low resistance of the objectdescription to mining influences. It has been shown that these reasons are design, execution and exploitation errors. In turn, there are presented procedures which are leading to the assurance of the resistance of the transport gallery in accordance with design assumptions. In summary, conclusions and recommendations which are formulated should be taken into account at the stage of design, erection and during exploitation of transport galleries in the industrial plants localized in mining areas. ANALIZA PRZYPADKU NIEWYSTARCZAJĄCEJ ODPORNOŚCI NA WPŁYWY GÓRNICZE PRZEMYSŁOWEJ GALERII TRANSPORTOWEJ W artykule przedstawiono przykład galerii transportowej, której odporność na wpływy górnicze okazała się niewystarczająca. W pierwszej części artykułu podano zasady, jakim powinny odpowiadać tego typu obiekty budowlane. W części drugiej przedstawiono opis konstrukcji przedmiotowej galerii oraz przeanalizowano przyczyny zbyt niskiej odporności obiektu na wpływy górnicze. Wykazano, że są to zarówno błędy projektowe, jak i wykonawcze oraz eksploatacyjne. Z kolei przedstawiono zabiegi zmierzające do zapewnienia galerii transportowej odporności zgodnej z założeniami projektowymi. W podsumowaniu sformułowano wnioski i zalecenia, które powinny być uwzględniane na etapie projektowania i budowy oraz podczas eksploatacji galerii transportowych w zakładach przemysłowych usytuowanych na terenach górniczych.
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Szlązak, Nikodem, Marek Borowski, Dariusz Obracaj, Justyna Swolkień e Marek Korzec. "Comparison of Methane Drainage Methods Used in Polish Coal Mines". Archives of Mining Sciences 59, n.º 3 (20 de outubro de 2014): 655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2014-0046.
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Abstract Methane drainage is used in Polish coal mines in order to reduce mine methane emissions as well as to keep methane concentration in mine workings at safe levels. This article describes methods of methane drainage during mining used in Polish coal mines. The first method involves drilling boreholes from tailgate roadway to an unstressed zone in roof or floor layers of a mined seam. It is the main method used in Polish mining, where both the location of drilled boreholes as well as their parameters are dependent on mining and ventilation systems of longwalls. The second method is based on drilling overlying drainage galleries in seams situated under or over the mined seam. This article compares these methods with regard to their effectiveness under mining conditions in Polish mines. High effectiveness of methane drainage of longwalls with different ventilation and methane drainage systems has been proven. The highest effectiveness of methane drainage has been observed for the system with overlying drainage gallery and with the parallel tailgate roadways. In case of classic U ventilation system of longwall panel, boreholes drilled from the tailgate roadway behind the longwall front are lost.
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Nkakanou, B., G. Y. Delisle e N. Hakem. "Experimental Characterization of Ultra-Wideband Channel Parameter Measurements in an Underground Mine". Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/157596.
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Experimental results for an ultra-wideband (UWB) channel parameters in an underground mining environment over a frequency range of 3 GHz to 10 GHz are reported. The measurements were taken both in LOS and NLOS cases in two different size mine galleries. In the NLOS case, results were acquired for different corridor obstruction angles. The results were obtained during an extensive measurement campaign in the UWB frequency, and the measurement procedure allows both the large- and small-scale parameters such as the path loss exponent, coherence bandwidth, and so forth, to be quantified. The capacity of the UWB channel as a function of the physical depth of the mine gallery has also been recorded for comparison purposes.
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Vaselli, Orlando, Marta Lazzaroni, Barbara Nisi, Jacopo Cabassi, Franco Tassi, Daniele Rappuoli e Federica Meloni. "Discontinuous Geochemical Monitoring of the Galleria Italia Circumneutral Waters (Former Hg-Mining Area of Abbadia San Salvatore, Tuscany, Central Italy) Feeding the Fosso Della Chiusa Creek". Environments 8, n.º 2 (20 de fevereiro de 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8020015.
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The Galleria Italia waters drain the complex tunnel system of the former Hg-mining area of Abbadia San Salvatore (Tuscany, central Italia) and feed the 2.5 km-long Fosso della Chiusa creek. The mining exploitation was active for more than one century and more than 100,000 tons of liquid mercury were produced by roasting processes of cinnabar (HgS). In this work, a discontinuous geochemical monitoring of the Galleria Italia circumneutral waters was carried out from February 2009 to October 2020, during which the main physicochemical parameters, main and minor dissolved species and trace elements (including Hg) were determined. In the observation period, significant variations in the water chemistry were recorded, particularly when flooding waves, due to intense precipitations, occurred, with the two main events being recorded in February 2009 and January 2010. The chemical composition of the Galleria Italia waters was Ca(Mg)-SO4 and related to congruent dissolution of gypsum/anhydrite at which a contribution from carbonatic and silicatic minerals and partial solubilization of CO2 and and H2S oxidation is to be added. Regarding the trace elements, Al, Mn and Fe were up to 1500, 768 and 39520 μg L−1, with these elements also showing high contents in the sediment precipitating by the Galleria Italia waters. In most cases, dissolved mercury was below the instrumental detection limit (<0.1 μg L−1), although occasionally it reached >1 μg L−1. Considering a mean flow rate of 40 L s−1 of the discharged water, the amount of dissolved mercury released from Galleria Italia was computed, although most mercury was occurring in the sediment (1.2 mg kg−1). A more realistic computation of mercury released from Galleria Italia should involve a sampling network along the Fosso della Chiusa before entering the riverine system of the Tiber basin, into which dissolved and suspended mercury are to be determined along with that occurring in the sediments.
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Carrión-Mero, Paúl, Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar, Fernando Morante-Carballo, María José Domínguez-Cuesta, Cristhian Sánchez-Padilla, Andrés Sánchez-Zambrano, Josué Briones-Bitar, Roberto Blanco-Torrens, Javier Córdova-Rizo e Edgar Berrezueta. "Surface and Underground Geomechanical Characterization of an Area Affected by Instability Phenomena in Zaruma Mining Zone (Ecuador)". Sustainability 13, n.º 6 (16 de março de 2021): 3272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063272.
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In the last decade, in the mining district of Zaruma-Portovelo, there has been significant land subsidence related to uncontrolled mining activity. The purpose of this work was to carry out a surface and underground geomechanical characterization of a mining sector north of the city of Zaruma that allows the definition of potentially unstable areas susceptible to the mass movement. The methodology used consists of the following stages: (i) compilation of previous studies; (ii) surface and underground characterization of rocky material to establish its susceptibility to mass movement; (iii) interpretation of results; and (iv) proposal of action measures. Among the most relevant results, it stands out that 26.1% of the 23 stations characterized on the surface present conditions that vary from potentially unstable to unstable. In underground galleries, the studied mean values of the 17 stations indicate that the rock has a medium to good quality, representing a medium susceptibility to gallery destabilization. The results obtained for the surface areas (depths up to 50 m, where altered materials predominate) and the underground areas (depths > 50 m, where the alterations are specific) can be used to identify the areas with a more significant potential for instability. For both cases, it has been possible to define specific monitoring, control, and planning actions for sensitive areas.
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Javaid, Fawad, Anyi Wang, Muhammad Usman Sana, Asif Husain e Imran Ashraf. "Characteristic Study of Visible Light Communication and Influence of Coal Dust Particles in Underground Coal Mines". Electronics 10, n.º 8 (8 de abril de 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080883.
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The critical environment of the underground mines is a risky zone for mining applications and it is very hazardous to engage the miners without a sophisticated communication system. The existing wired networks are susceptible to damage and the wireless radio systems experience severe fading that restricts the complete access to the entire assembly of a mine. Wireless optical communication is a better approach that can be incorporated in the erratic atmosphere of underground mines to overcome such issues, as lights are already used to illuminate the mine galleries. This study is focused on investigating the characteristics of visible light communication (VLC) in an underground coal mine. The entire scope of VLC is elaborated along with the influence of coal dust particles and the scattering model. The impact of coal dust clouds on visibility and attenuation is analyzed for visible light transmission. The shadowing effect generated by the pillars and mining machinery is estimated by employing the bimodal Gaussian distribution (BGD) approach in coal mines. The characteristic model of VLC for underground coal mines is presented by classifying the area of the mine into mine gallery and sub-galleries. The transmission links of VLC are categorized as the line of sight (LOS) link for direct propagation and the non-LOS (NLOS) link for reflected propagation. The scenarios of LOS and NLOS propagation are considered for each evaluating parameter. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed framework is examined by computing the received signal power, path loss, delay spread (DS), and signal to noise ratio (SNR).
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Hinojosa, Hector R., Panagiotis Kirmizakis e Pantelis Soupios. "Historic Underground Silver Mine Workings Detection Using 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (Durango, Mexico)". Minerals 12, n.º 4 (17 de abril de 2022): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040491.
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This paper presents an underground silver mining operation outside Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico, terminated around the 1930s, of which previous knowledge of its operations was poor. Durango’s current silver exploration campaigns are likely to overlook historic silver mining sites due to interest in specific prospect regions. A two-dimensional (2D) Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) survey coupled with reconnaissance of the area was performed at this historic silver mining site. The exploration campaign aimed to find the abandoned mineshaft, map its subsurface extent, and explore the occurrence of mineralization zones (silver ore). The ERI survey comprised five profiles measured with the extended dipole-dipole array with a consistent electrode spacing of 5 m. The smooth, robust, and damped least-squares inversion methods were used to invert the 2D data. Our field observations and ERI survey results collectively reveal the following findings: (a) reconnaissance reveals mining infrastructure consistent with historical mining activity; the infrastructure includes a complex of habitational rooms, an ore-processing pit near a concrete slab next to a dirt road, and two limestone-wall structures interpreted as the entrance of abandoned backfilled mineshafts named Mesquite and Lechuguilla; (b) high-resistivity anomalies suggest vestiges of shallow, underground mine workings including backfilled mineshafts that connect a mine gallery complex, and (c) various low-resistivity anomalies, juxtaposed against mine galleries, suggestive of unmined shallow vein-type and manto-type mineralization of hydrothermal origin. The imaging depth is estimated at ~65 m. Underground silver mining moved southwards and was limited to ~40 m depth.
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Silva, Teresa P., João X. Matos, Daniel De Oliveira, João P. Veiga, Igor Morais, Pedro Gonçalves e Luís Albardeiro. "Mineral Inventory of the Algares 30-Level Adit, Aljustrel Mine, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal". Minerals 10, n.º 10 (27 de setembro de 2020): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100853.
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Mining activity in Algares (Aljustrel Mine, Portuguese sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, IPB) stems prior to Roman times. As the orebody is vertical and relatively thin, mining was carried out mainly along underground adits (galleries). Nowadays, the deposit is considered exhausted and the area is being rehabilitated for a different use. The Algares +30 level adit intersects two volcanic units of the IPB Volcano-Sedimentary Complex. The massive sulphide and related stockwork zone are hosted by the Mine Tuff volcanic unit and are exposed in the walls of the gallery, showing intense hydrothermal alteration. Along the mine adit, the geological sequence is affected by strong oxidation and supergene alteration, giving rise to the formation of secondary minerals through the oxidation of the sulphides. The most common minerals found were melanterite (FeSO4·7H2O) and chalcanthite (CuSO4·5H2O), forming essentially massive or crystalline aggregates, ranging from greenish to bluish colours. Melanterite from the walls revealed to be Cu-rich by opposition to that from stalactites/stalagmites formed below the old ore storage silo revealing the low-copper-grade ores exploited underground. The mineralogy of the efflorescent salts was used to ascertain the processes involved in their formation, and moreover, the inventory of minerals is presented, as well as their principal characteristics.
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Cando Jácome, Marcelo, A. M. Martinez-Graña e V. Valdés. "Detection of Terrain Deformations Using InSAR Techniques in Relation to Results on Terrain Subsidence (Ciudad de Zaruma, Ecuador)". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 10 (17 de maio de 2020): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101598.
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In Zaruma city, located in the El Oro province, Ecuador, gold mines have been exploited since before the colonial period. According to the chroniclers of that time, 2700 tons of gold were sent to Spain. This exploitation continued in the colonial, republican, and current periods. The legalized mining operation, with foreign companies such as South Development Company (SADCO) and national companies such as the Associated Industrial Mining Company (CIMA), exploited the mines legally until they dissolved and gave rise to small associations, artisanal mining, and, with them, illegal mining. Illegal underground mining is generated without order and technical direction, and cuts mineralized veins in andesitic rocks, volcanic breccia, tuffs and dacitic porphyry that have been intensely weatherized from surface to more than 80 meters depth. These rocks have become totally altered soils and saprolites, which have caused the destabilization of the mining galleries and the superficial collapse of the topographic relief. The illegal miners, called "Sableros", after a period of exploitation at one site, when the gold grade decreased, abandon these illegal mines to begin other mining work at other sites near mineralized veins or near legalized mining galleries in operation. Due to this anthropic activity of illegal exploitation through the mining galleries and “piques” that remain under the colonial center of the city, sinkings have occurred in various sectors detected and reported in various technical reports since 1995. The Ecuadorian Government has been unable to control these illegal mining activities. The indicators of initial subsidence of the terrain are small movements that accumulate over a time and that can be detected with InSAR technology in large areas, improving the traditional detection performed with geodetic instrumentation such as total stations and geodetic marks. Recent subsidence at Fe y Alegría-La Immaculada School, the city’s hospital and Gonzalo Pizarro Street, indicates that there is active subsidence in these and other sectors of the city. The dynamic triggers that have possibly accelerated the rate of subsidence and landslides on the slopes are earthquakes (5 to 6 Mw) and heavy rains in deforested areas. Although several sinks and active subsidence caused by underground mining were detected in these sectors and in other sectors in previous decades, which were detailed in various reports of geological hazards prepared by specialized institutions, underground mining has continued under the colonial city center. In view of the existing risk, this article presents a forecasting methodology for the constant monitoring of long-term soil subsidence, especially in the center of the colonial city, which is a national cultural heritage and candidate for the cultural heritage of humanity. This is a proposal for the use of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) for the subsidence analysis of topographic relief in the colonial area of the city of Zaruma by illegal mining galleries.
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Sokolova, Svetlana. "Spot the Miner". Poljarnyj vestnik 25, n.º 1 (27 de junho de 2022): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.6581.
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Coal mining is an industry that is associated with hard physical labor and harsh mental conditions. Modern artistic projects involving portraits of miners evolve as artists' responses to political and economic changes in the mining industry, which is currently in decline, and place a major focus on miner communities, rather than individual miners. This article presents an overview of relevant selected artistic projects, and supplements them with a small mini-gallery sketched by the author. The mini-gallery viewers have been invited to test their perception of miners based on a series of charcoal portraits representing men and women dressed in mining workwear and everyday clothes. Who in this mini-gallery is a miner, what serves as the basis for the respondents' guesswork, and, overall, how different is today’s perception of miners from those of the past centuries? Three main factors are outlined as potentially relevant for identifying miners: mining workwear, gender, and facial expression. The readers can compare their intuitive reactions with the results from an online experiment, which was presented in Norwegian, Russian, and English and collected 136 responses. Although the presence of mining workwear and male gender still carry a strong association with miners, the results reveal certain differences across Norway, Russia, and the United States. The article is interdisciplinary and combines aspects of art history, social studies and psychology with an artistic project.
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Mendoza, Rosendo, Javier Rey, Julián Martínez e Maria Carmen Hidalgo. "Geological and Mining Heritage as a Driver of Development: The NE Sector of the Linares-La Carolina District (Southeastern Spain)". Geosciences 12, n.º 2 (6 de fevereiro de 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12020076.
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Conservation, rehabilitation and post-valuation of the facilities of old mining districts is considered a valid strategy to revitalize these areas. In this study, the northeastern sector of the Linares-La Carolina mining district was analyzed, integrating geological information with mining to assess its value. The characteristics of the three most emblematic veins (consisting of galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, quartz, ankerite and calcite) were analyzed, namely El Guindo, Federico and El Sinapismo. In this study, each mining exploitation was evaluated according to their geological context. Currently, old mining operations can only be visited from drainage galleries or from some exploration galleries. However, some of the old mining shafts could be adapted for visitation. On the surface, the remains of the most important extraction shafts and part of the associated facilities are still visible. One can also visit old tailings dumps with a high contents of heavy metals associated with ore concentration plants. The contaminating potential of these wastes is being monitored thanks to control piezometers and sensors installed at different depths within the tailings ponds, which assist in controlling evolution in the latter years. Different localities of special interest from geological, mining and mineralogical points of view are indicated. Therefore, the guided tour described in this work is attractive for tourism and educational purposes.
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Riska Sulistiani, Diana Yusuf e Vany Terisia. "Penerapan Algoritma C4.5 Dalam Penilaian Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Layanan (Studi Kasus: Nilla Wedding Gallery)". Jurnal Teknologi Informasi (JUTECH) 4, n.º 2 (19 de dezembro de 2023): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32546/jutech.v4i2.2160.
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Nilla Wedding Gallery is a service provider engaged in cosmetology and wedding management. During the run, existing customer data has never been managed optimally only limited to piles of data and has never used the data mining process to find patterns or information from service sales data to customers. Data Mining is a technique that processes or manages data into information. In this study the author uses the C4.5 algorithm method, the C4.5 method is used as an approach to generate a prediction model based on attributes relevant to customer satisfaction. Data obtained from a case study at Nilla Wedding Gallery was used to train and test the C4.5 model. As a form of this effectiveness, the author built a web mining system using the PHP programming language. The results showed that the C4.5 algorithm is effective in identifying factors that affect customer satisfaction, and is able to produce decisions that are beneficial for policy making by Nilla Wedding Gallery in improving service quality and achieving higher customer satisfaction.
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Altimira, Fabiola, Matias Arias-Aravena, Ling Jian, Nicolas Real, Pablo Correa, Carolina González, Sebastián Godoy et al. "Genomic and Experimental Analysis of the Insecticidal Factors Secreted by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana RGM 2184". Journal of Fungi 8, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2022): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8030253.
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The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana strain RGM 2184 can reach a maximum efficacy of 80% against the quarantine pest Lobesia botrana in field assays. In this study, the RGM 2184 genome was sequenced, and genome mining analyses were performed to predict the factors involved in its insecticidal activity. Additionally, the metabolic profiling of the RMG 2184 culture’s supernatants was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and the insecticidal activity from one of these extracts was evaluated in Galleria mellonella larvae. The genome analysis resulted in 114 genes encoding for extracellular enzymes, four biosynthetic gene clusters reported as producers of insecticidal and bactericidal factors (oosporein, beauvericin, desmethylbassianin, and beauveriolide), 20 toxins, and at least 40 undescribed potential biocontrol factors (polyketides and nonribosomal peptides). Comparative genomic analysis revealed that 65–95% of these genes are Beauveria genus-specific. Metabolic profiling of supernatant extracts from RGM 2184 cultures exhibited secondary metabolites such as beauveriolide, oosporein, inflatin C, and bassiatin. However, a number of detected metabolites still remain undescribed. The metabolite extract caused 79% mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae at 28 days. The results of this research lay the groundwork for the study of new insecticidal molecules.
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Mendoza, Rosendo, Bruna Marinho e Javier Rey. "GPR and Magnetic Techniques to Locate Ancient Mining Galleries (Linares, Southeast Spain)". International Journal of Geophysics 2023 (30 de agosto de 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6633599.
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Old mining districts have created numerous subsurface cavities, often at shallow depths. The resulting subsidence risk is a major territorial planning problem, especially when these holes are in urban expansion areas. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetic techniques can help to detect and to characterise these shallow mining structures based on the strong contrast of electromagnetic and magnetic properties (dielectric constant and magnetic susceptibility) between the rock and the backfill of cavities. In the present study, these techniques were used to locate old mining cavities near the city of Linares, located south of Spain and connected to the area’s old mining district. GPR and magnetometry (total magnetic field and vertical magnetic gradient) were performed on a grid in one of the most important veins in the sector. By comparing both working methods, the vein structure within the granite can be detected. On the one hand, the magnetic prospecting technique (magnetic anomalies) has allowed us to detect when the vein is covered by metallic elements of natural or anthropogenic origin. On the other hand, strong reflections and hyperbolic events associated in GPR profiles confirm the presence of cavities related to old mining operations. Shallow magnetic anomalies not associated to GPR variations are related to the slag present in the study area (detected in the outcrop) or to unexploited vein mineralizations.
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McLemore, Virginia T., e Bonnie A. Frey. "Gallery of Geology: Uranium Mining in the Grants Area". New Mexico Geology 39, n.º 1 (2017): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v39n1.25.
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Mocek, P. "Impact of the lining of mining galleries’ technical condition on the safety of mining crews". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 261 (26 de abril de 2019): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/261/1/012034.
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KOLOTOVA, O. V., e I. V. Mogilevskaya. "THE MICROBIAL BIO-DAMAGE PROCESSES IN THE UNDERGROUND GALLERIES". News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 2, n.º 1 (2020): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2020-2-1-44-66.
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The modern scientific literary overview on the microbiological damage problem of materials in underground mining is presented. The processes, mechanisms and factors affected the biological damage of metals and construction materials by bacteria and fungal destructors of various systematic and ecological groups are considered.
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Fíguls, Alfons, e Hans Reschreiter. "Neolithic Hallstatt – a special mining place". Vall Salina e-Journal, n.º 1 (15 de junho de 2024): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.69736/22190105.
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The article analyzes salt exploitation in Hallstatt during the Neolithic period. Evidence for neolithic human presence in the Hallstatt area has been accumulating over the last years. Spatial analyses as well as use-wear analysis on the stone axes from the Hallstatt-Dachstein region give new important insights into human activity during this period. The presence of a deer pick documented within one of the mining galleries along with a fragment of a prestigious axe is very significant. Within the Salzberg area, four prestigious axes have been documented, an unusual fact for a mining area. The article highlights that Hallstatt developed advanced technology for salt extraction and presents the continuity and specialization of salt mining in this region since 5000 BC.
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Bud, Adina. "THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE CIZMA - BĂIUȚ FIELD EXPLOITATION AND THE IMPLICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER PROJECTS DUE TO THE INCLUSION IN THE PROTECTED AREA". Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 34, n.º 1 (2020): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2020.1.06.
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The topic presented in the paper refers to two significant aspects regarding the impact of mining operations on the environment and the development of an alluvial mining project in the affected area. The mine waters that drain from the Cizma mining perimeter have an acidic character with a pH of 2.5 at the exit of the gallery with a load of heavy metals in ionic and precipitated form, discharging into a mountain stream, which later reaches in the area of some communities. The perimeter is located in a protected area, which encumbers exploitation projects in these areas.
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Palka, Dorota, Peter Blistan e Henryk Badura. "Forecast of the Maximum Methane Concentration in the Longwall Outlet and in the Ventilation Roadway. Case Study". Management Systems in Production Engineering 31, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2023-0044.
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Abstract The mining process of the coal seam wall is accompanied by the release of methane into the mine atmosphere. This process is highly variable and depends on the methane content in the seam and the methane saturation of the rocks surrounding the seam. This is the specificity of the Polish hard coal mining industry. In the article, prognostic formulas for the maximum methane concentration at the outlet of the longwall ventilation gallery were developed. In the presented article, these formulas were used to predict methane concentration at the longwall outlet and in the ventilation gallery at a distance of up to 10 m in front of the longwall. In order to assess the accuracy of the forecasts, their results were compared with the forecast at the exit of the ventilation roadway. The obtained results are so accurate that it is worth repeating this type of check also using measurements in other longwalls. It will allow to reduce the risk of methane explosion during operation.
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Li, Ying Ling, e Jian Guo Gao. "Research and Application of the 3D Mathematic Model of Ore-Body Based on Suppac Software - Yunnan White Cattle Factory Silver Polymetallic Mine". Advanced Materials Research 868 (dezembro de 2013): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.84.
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Three-dimensional models of deposit are the foundation of realizing digital mineral deposit , with the aid of mining software Surpac,it can establish deposit database, the three dimensional model of the mining surface,,orebody and roadway of the yunnan white cow factory silver polymetallic deposit.The 3D model can show the vivid image of the mining topography and geomorphology, ore body position, gallery situation. The ore model of orebody grade founding by kriging can show the distribution change of orebody grade clearly, and finally estimate the amount of ore body. Comparing with the traditional estimation method of exploration report, we can find the estimation of mineral resources by software is accurate.
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Bruno Kpangui, Kouassi, Kouassi Apollinaire Kouakou, NGuessan Achille Koffi e Charles Sangne. "IMPACT OF GOLD MINING ON FLORA: THE CASE OF THE SISSENGUE GOLD MINE (NORTHERN COTE DIVOIRE)". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n.º 10 (31 de outubro de 2021): 1415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13701.
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This study was initiated to contribute to the sustainable management of biodiversity in mining sites in Cote dIvoire. Its objective is to determine the impacts of gold mining activities on the flora of the Sissengue gold mine located in the department of Tengrela in northern Cote dIvoire. The flora inventory was conducted along a 500 m transect combined with the surface survey and roving inventory methods. The surface survey method consisted of delimiting a 25 m x 25 m (400 m2) plot at the end of each transect. In total, nine (09) types of land use were identified in the site, namely annual crops, perennial crops, open forests, forest galleries, tree savannahs, shrub savannahs, burned areas, lakes or water reservoirs, and locality. The floristic inventories carried out in seven (07) types of land occupations allowed the identification of 207 plant species distributed among 155 genera and 61 families. In addition, thirteen (13) species with special ecological status and seven (07) species included in the IUCN red list, four of which are vulnerable. However, the floristic diversity is low in all plant formations with an average of 1.91. The shrubby savannahs record the highest densities with 1705 stems/ha while the forest galleries and open forests record the highest values of basal area, with respectively 37.2 m2/ha and 28.1 m2/ha. These vegetation formations are disturbed by the mines gold mining activities. Efforts to conserve areas dedicated to biodiversity conservation must be a priority for mining sites in Cote dIvoire.
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Legrady, George. "Culture, Data and Algorithmic Organization". Leonardo 45, n.º 3 (junho de 2012): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00378.
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The author presents his interactive digital installations of the past decade, featured in museums, media arts festivals and galleries, that engage the audience to contribute data that is then transformed into content and visually projected large scale in the exhibition space. Collected over time, the data occasions further data-mining, algorithmic processing, with visualization of the results.
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Khairani, Khairani, e Mohammad Ibnu Saud. "TAMAN WORKSHOP TAMBANG INTAN MODERN DI CEMPAKA". JURNAL TUGAS AKHIR MAHASISWA LANTING 10, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtamlanting.v10i2.776.
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Banjarbaru City is one of the areas in South Kalimantan which is widely known to the public as a diamond-producing area. Many wilah in the city of Banjarbaru that are used as mining locations, PT Galuh Cempaka is one of them. At PT Galuh Cempaka's diamond mine, there are many abandoned diamond mining equipment that will eventually become a pile of scrap metal. The workshop equipment still has an economic and aesthetic selling point. In this case, it becomes interesting to develop a tourist attraction with the concept of a workshop equipment park. So that we need a place that can provide information for the community to raise awareness of the negative impacts of mining. To realize the development of a diamond mining workshop, PT Galuh Cempaka Banjarbaru has become a memorial park that can provide information on the negative impacts of mining. Layering method is used with the principle of superimposition to accumulate special interest tourism activity programs and information galleries.
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Zaki, Ismail, Mohamed Souissi e Abdelkader Larabi. "Study of support types for deposits in contact with serpentines: Ait-Ahmane site". Mining of Mineral Deposits 16, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2022): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining16.03.096.
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Purpose.The purpose of this paper is to study the characteristics of the carbonate serpentines present at the level of the Ait Ahmane site (Bou Azzer Mine, Morocco). Empirical methods are suitable for analyzing their behavior and determining the dimensions of support types. Methods. The rock mass of different structures mentioned in the study is categorized using empirical methods such RMR, Q-system and AFTES classifications. Findings. It has been found that the use of the rock mass quality method (Q-system) is extremely effective in mining rock mass, based on simulated statistical results obtained using empirical approaches. Originality. The equivalent dimensions of the gallery, the stress state in-situ after mining operations, as well as the height of the overburden are all important factors in the gallery stability. Practical implications. The approach creates a strengthened support structure that is optimal. In addition, this research will be useful as a starting point for geotechnical engineers when designing and planning support systems for tunneling under high in-situ stress conditions for very friable rocks.
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Farida, Nurul, Mukh Taofik Chulkamdi e Zunita Wulansari. "APPLICATION OF DATA MINING BY USING A PRIORI ALGORITHM TO IMPROVE CUSTOMER PURCHASING DECISIONS AT MIKAMART BLITAR STORE". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature 1, n.º 5 (9 de setembro de 2022): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53067/ijomral.v1i5.58.
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Product arrangement, known as product display, is the layout or way of structuring products, especially products companies apply to attract consumers. Although one of the scopes of sales in the market is the delivery of information through galleries, storefronts require specialization and the ability to arrange products or displays following the standards and specifications of the company and the product itself. The resulting output directly affects the level of sales and information to be achieved in a store, especially in modern retail stores with a self-service format (self-service) such as minimarkets. To implement a display system, Data Mining is applied as a determinant of the layout of the merchandise. According to (Kusrini & Lutfi 2009), data mining is used to extract knowledge from databases. One of the many methods in Data Mining is the Apriori Algorithm. The a priori algorithm is a type of association rule in data mining. Association rule or association rule mining is used to find associative rules between item combinations to be used as wisdom to make decisions and provide a stock of products that consumers prefer
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Giménez, Rafael Barrionuevo. "Mining Security Pipe© (TSM)© with Underground GPS Global© (RSPG)© Escape Security Device in Underground Mining". Management Systems in Production Engineering 22, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2016): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-05-02-2016.
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Abstract TSM is escape pipe in case of collapse of terrain. The TSM is a passive security tool placed underground to connect the work area with secure area (mining gallery mainly). TSM is light and hand able pipe made with aramid (Kevlar), carbon fibre, or other kind of new material. The TSM will be placed as a pipe line network with many in/out entrances/exits to rich and connect problem work areas with another parts in a safe mode. Different levels of instrumentation could be added inside such as micro-led escape way suggested, temperature, humidity, level of oxygen, etc.). The open hardware and software like Arduino will be the heart of control and automation system.
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Healy, Frances, Peter Marshall, Alex Bayliss, Gordon Cook, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Johannes van der Plicht e Elaine Dunbar. "When and Why? The Chronology and Context of Flint Mining at Grime’s Graves, Norfolk, England". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 84 (13 de novembro de 2018): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2018.14.
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New radiocarbon dating and chronological modelling have refined understanding of the character and circumstances of flint mining at Grime’s Graves through time. The deepest, most complex galleried shafts were worked probably from the third quarter of the 27th century calbcand are amongst the earliest on the site. Their use ended in the decades around 2400 calbc, although the use of simple, shallow pits in the west of the site continued for perhaps another three centuries. The final use of galleried shafts coincides with the first evidence of Beaker pottery and copper metallurgy in Britain. After a gap of around half a millennium, flint mining at Grime’s Graves briefly resumed, probably from the middle of the 16th century calbcto the middle of the 15th. These ‘primitive’ pits, as they were termed in the inter-war period, were worked using bone tools that can be paralleled in Early Bronze Age copper mines. Finally, the scale and intensity of Middle Bronze Age middening on the site is revealed, as it occurred over a period of probably no more than a few decades in the 14th century calbc. The possibility of connections between metalworking at Grime’s Graves at this time and contemporary deposition of bronzes in the nearby Fens is discussed.
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Dehnert, Jörg, Jens Stopp, Peter Windisch e Bernd Schönherrt. "Quick-Erect Stopping System for Radiation Protection and Mine Rescue in Small-scale Mining". Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 37, n.º 6 (23 de julho de 2020): 1807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00261-2.
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AbstractThe Quick-Erect Stopping System (QESS) offers a new way of reducing the radon exposures of miners in Germany, especially during remediation work in old mines. The QESS is a light-weight, modular, and reusable construction kit of interlocking telescopic aluminum tubes, radon-proof foil, and expanding foam. It is designed to seal off radon-rich parts of galleries within only a few minutes. Originally, the QESS was developed to protect miners against radon exposures. Then, the QESS found the attention of several mine rescue teams at a German mining conference. The Student Mine Rescue of the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg and the Wismut Mine Rescue carried out first mine rescue drills in Freiberg and Schlema. Additionally, a mine rescue drill was carried out by the Front Range Mine Rescue in the Edgar Experimental Mine of the Colorado School of Mines. These drills helped to improve the system and highlighted its potential for mine rescue operations. Now, the QESS is well-suited for small-scale mining. The QESS can be used to seal off galleries in only a few minutes to both protect miners from radon exposures and to support mine rescue operations. Moreover, the QESS was also successfully used in ventilation experiments.
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Bołoz, Łukasz, e Witold Biały. "Methods and Test Benches for Cutting Tools Testing—A Review". Energies 16, n.º 1 (30 de dezembro de 2022): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010445.
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Mechanical mining is a widely used method of separating materials from the face to obtain a useful mineral (e.g., coal, metal ores, salts, and diamonds), to make underground workings (e.g., mine galleries, tunnels, and underground garages), level roads, shape slopes, or to dig ditches. Mechanical mining is applied in the mining branch, tunnelling, road, and construction industries. Depending on the mechanical properties of the rocks, most frequently described by uniaxial compression strength, various machines and tools are used. The methods of mining high-strength abrasive rocks that have been used and developed in recent years are particularly applicable to the mining of copper, gold, tungsten, platinum ores, diamond deposits, and tunnelling. In addition to rock strength, the effectiveness of the mining process is affected by abrasiveness, which influences the rate of abrasive tool wear. Therefore, in various research and development centres, but also in production companies, tools are tested on unique stands. Tests are carried out to determine the cutting resistance and assess the wear rate. This article reviews methods and benches for testing mining tools, conical picks, and discs. Various solutions for testing single tools and cutting heads have been presented. The analysis conducted has revealed that despite the large number and great diversity of different test benches, there are no appropriate methods and stands for testing the wear rate of materials intended for mining tools.
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Carrión-Mero, Paúl, Oscar Loor-Oporto, Héctor Andrade-Ríos, Gricelda Herrera-Franco, Fernando Morante-Carballo, María Jaya-Montalvo, Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar, Karen Torres-Peña e Edgar Berrezueta. "Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of the “El Sexmo” Tourist Gold Mine (Zaruma, Ecuador) as A Geosite and Mining Site". Resources 9, n.º 3 (10 de março de 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9030028.
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Zaruma is host to the ‘‘El Sexmo’’ tourist mine, the galleries of which extend below the city, and its exploitation dates back to precolonial times. The mining boom created important development in the area, but informal mining also emerged causing environmental issues and safety problems. This study presents a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the “El Sexmo” Tourist Mine in the context of its potential as a tourism geosite and mining site. The methodological stages included: (i) The process and systematization of the general mine information and its surroundings; (ii) the assessment of the geological and mining interest of the mine, through GAM and Brilha method; and (iii) description and proposal of action strategies through Delphi analysis and a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) matrix. Based on the results of the quantitative evaluation, the high values in the educational, scientific, and tourist aspects of the two applied methodologies, show the mine as a potential geosite and mining site with added cultural value. In addition, the quantitative assessment in correspondence with the qualitative analysis, allowed to propose improvement strategies to take advantage of the geological resources and mining identity of the area, as an alternative that strengthens the infrastructure of the mine and consolidates the geotouristic development of the area.
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Majstríková, Tereza, Jana Daňková e Miroslava Škopcová. "Verification of Mineral Particles Deposition in Wooden Construction Elements by Thermal Analysis". Key Engineering Materials 776 (agosto de 2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.776.9.
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Wooden construction elements are exposed to many degradation factors during their use that result in structural changes. Structural changes, such as mineral particle depositions, also occur in contact with mineral solutions, which is typical for wooden elements that are partly or completely infiltrated by mine water. In this article, a mine timbering obtained from historical mining galleries in the area of Zlaté Hory is examined to verify specimen authenticity based on mineralization quantification by thermal analysis.
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Usenov, KZh, SZh Kuvakov, AP Alibaev, ZhM Kuvakov e AR Takeeva. "The change in physical and mechanical properties of rocks in the course of mining in Makmal Mine". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 991, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/991/1/012016.
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Abstract The geological structure of the Makmal deposit composed of metamorphic, sedimentary and intrusive rocks is discussed. The physical and mechanical of rocks ((granites, marbles, silicified ore bodies, marbled limestones, carbonate breccia, quartz-feldspar, etc.) are analyzed. The physical and mechanical properties of rocks sampled in galleries 6 and 11 in Makmal Mine are tested at a laboratory scale.
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Salgado-Almeida, Bryan, Daniel A. Falquez-Torres, Paola L. Romero-Crespo, Priscila E. Valverde-Armas, Fredy Guzmán-Martínez e Samantha Jiménez-Oyola. "Risk Assessment of Mining Environmental Liabilities for Their Categorization and Prioritization in Gold-Mining Areas of Ecuador". Sustainability 14, n.º 10 (17 de maio de 2022): 6089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106089.
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Mining environmental liabilities (MEL) are of great concern because of potential risks to ecosystems and human health. In this research, the environmental risk (RI) related to MEL existing in three artisanal and small-scale gold-mining areas of Ecuador was evaluated. For this purpose, data of 167 MEL including landfills, mining galleries, tailing deposits, and mineral processing plants from Macuchi, Tenguel–Ponce Enriquez, and Puyango mining areas, were analyzed. The risk assessment related to the presence of waste deposits was carried out based on the methodology proposed by the Spanish Geological Survey. Moreover, the procedure outlined in the Environmental Risk Assessment Guide of the Ministry of Environment of Peru for nonwaste deposits was applied. The highest RI values were identified in Puyango and Tenguel–Ponce Enriquez. Thus, they were both categorized as priority control areas requiring intervention and rehabilitation plans. The MEL that require a high level of intervention include waste deposits and mine entrances associated with potentially toxic elements. Moreover, the point risk maps showed that rivers in the studied areas have a potential pollution risk. This study provides risk levels associated with MEL in mining areas from Ecuador. This information could be used for environmental management and pollution mitigation.
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Minieiev, Serhii, Leonid Vasyliev, Mykola Trokhymets, Vira Maltseva, Yehor Vialushkin e Tetiana Moskalova. "Heading set of equipment for underground development galleries drivage in rocks prone to gas-dynamic phenomena". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 970, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/970/1/012044.
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Abstract The article presents the design of the heading set of equipment for drivage of development galleries in rocks prone to gas-dynamic phenomena. This equipment can carry out the full technological cycle of rock excavation. The use of the P-110 roadheader of Ukrainian PJSC “Novokramatorskyi Machine Building Plant” with an operating device on a telescopic boom is offered for the aggregation of the heading set of equipment for underground development galleries drivage in emission-hazardous rocks. The device for mechanized boreholes drilling in an emission-hazardous coal seam has been devised based on the EBGP-1 M drilling machine of the Ukrainian SPA “Chervonyi Metalist Co Ltd”. This device is placed on the telescopic boom of the roadheader. For mechanized drilling of explosive, degassing, unloading and injection boreholes, a rock-breaking tool has been proposed that can perform an effective vibratory and rotary loading method of drilling in medium-hard and hard rocks. Safe methods for underground development galleries drivage in gas-bearing emissionhazardous rocks have been worked out. The effectiveness of these methods was determined in industrial conditions. It is possible to conclude that this new heading set of equipment and technology can be recommended for implementation in the mining coal industry.
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Cała, Marek, Agnieszka Stopkowicz, Michał Kowalski, Mateusz Blajer, Katarzyna Cyran e Kajetan D’obyrn. "Stability analysis of underground mining openings with complex geometry". Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 38, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2016): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sgem-2016-0003.
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Abstract Stability of mining openings requires consideration of a number of factors, such as: geological structure, the geometry of the underground mining workings, mechanical properties of the rock mass, changes in stress caused by the influence of neighbouring workings. Long-term prediction and estimation of workings state can be analysed with the use of numerical methods. Application of 3D numerical modelling in stability estimation of workings with complex geometry was described with the example of Crystal Caves in Wieliczka Salt Mine. Preservation of the Crystal Caves reserve is particularly important in view of their unique character and the protection of adjacent galleries which are a part of tourist attraction included in UNESCO list. A detailed 3D model of Crystal Caves and neighbouring workings was built. Application of FLAC3D modelling techniques enabled indication of the areas which are in danger of stability loss. Moreover, the area in which protective actions should be taken as well as recommendations concerning the convergence monitoring were proposed.
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Szlązak, Nikodem, e Justyna Swolkień. "Possibilities of Capturing Methane from Hard Coal Deposits Lying at Great Depths". Energies 14, n.º 12 (14 de junho de 2021): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123542.
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Methane present in coal seams is a natural hazard present during the exploitation of underground mining plants. It is an explosive and flammable gas that is released into mining excavations, and it is necessary to reduce its concentration. Capturing methane while preparing extraction is virtually impossible due to the low permeability of coal resulting from its deposition depth. After the beginning of exploitation and disrupting the seam’s structure, methane is released into mine air. The most common method of minimizing gas released into ventilation air is draining the rock mass. This method allows achieving the desired ventilation parameters but requires appropriate mining techniques in hazardous areas. The article presents the example of methane capture during the operation in the longwall B-15 with an overlying drainage gallery. The authors have highlighted an example of the longwall B-15 that when using this particular drainage method, allowed capturing twice the amount of methane forecasted, thus increasing the efficiency of methane drainage. At the preliminary stage of longwall development, the amount of methane charged by the drainage system had relatively low values, reaching 15 m3/min. In the next few months, these parameters increased and varied between 35 to 55 m3/min. A significant difference in methane capture appeared in the second stage of exploitation, where the highest value of captured methane reached 82 m3/min. This particular longwall example shows that it is crucial to properly design the drainage system for seams with high forecasted methane release. It is worth remembering that using a drainage gallery provides an increase in the methane capture from the desorption zone areas, thus increasing total methane capture in comparison to forecasts.
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Sivtseva, A. I., A. S. Kurilko, A. N. Petrov e L. V. Petrova. "The thermal condition and stability of underground tourist complex workings". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2021): 022094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/2/022094.
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Abstract The article presents the development of measures to ensure the required thermal condition and recommendations for support setting of underground mine workings in the conditions of the cryolithozone, ensuring the stability of the workings and safe living conditions in the galleries of the tourist complex “The Kingdom of permafrost” (TKoP), located on the 5th km of the Vilyuysky tract in Yakutsk. The following research methods were used: field observation of the temperature condition, visual inspection of the slope and underground mining of the tourist complex, the choice of a rational type of support setting, calculation of the parameters of the support, mathematical modeling and numerical calculations of the temperature condition. The main research results are obtained: the results of field observation of the thermal condition of underground mine workings of the tourist complex “The Kingdom of permafrost” in the winter and spring period of operation, the results of visual inspection of the slope, galleries and chambers, and recommendations for ensuring stability and support setting the existing fallout zones are given. The calculation of the temperature condition of the TKoP and the required capacity of refrigeration machines was performed using the Museum CVM software package developed in the Laboratory of Mining Thermophysics of the IGDS SB RAS. To reduce the energy consumption for the production of artificial cold in the summer, it is recommended to carry out annual autumn and spring cooling charges with artificial ventilation. The recommendations for support setting mine workings have been developed.
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Kerig, Tim. "Prehistoric mining". Antiquity 94, n.º 375 (21 de maio de 2020): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.75.
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Prehistoric copper mining in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula continues the previous work on copper mining by the editors and main authors N. Rafel Fontanals, M.A. Hunt Ortiz, I. Soriano and S. Delgado-Raack. The site La Turquesa, a deposit mainly of Gossan type (iron cap), belongs to the same fault zone and mining basin as the already published Solano del Bepo (Rafel Fontanals et al. 2017). Mining of copper and lead (galena) at the site cannot certainly be traced back into prehistory, let alone to the Neolithic, and the earliest radiometric dates point to mining beginning before the early Middle Ages. The typo-chronology of mining tools is inconclusive, as is usual at these sites, and as the reader may infer from the comprehensive 80-page catalogue of hammerstones and picks. In his archaeo-metallurgical chapter, Montero Ruiz concludes convincingly that, currently, the most reliable date for mining at La Turquesa is in the Copper Age or the Early Bronze Age: the isotope signature of the mine's ore seems to accord with isotope ratios measured in a handful of artefacts from that period. The geology and mineralogy of the deposit is instructively summarised, adding archaeologically relevant information on visibility, accessibility and workability (with A. Andreazini and J.C. Melgarejo as co-authors). Traces of prehistoric opencast copper mining in small and irregular shafts have been heavily damaged by nineteenth- or twentieth-century mining of turquoise and variscite (with accessory chalcopyrite and malachite). The archaeological documentation of shafts and galleries from recent and pre-industrial times is cursory and does not fully attend to the three-dimensionality of the deposit. The use of more up-to-date measurement technology would have offered a clearer understanding of the site in its excavation, analysis and publication. No traces of tools were documented, making it impossible to combine the mineralogy of the deposit with the practical mining work. Without any quantitative information on heap material the mine's productivity cannot be estimated. The discovery of evidence for fire-setting using thermoluminescence (detailed in the chapter by A.L. Rodrigues et al.) seemed a promising test for archaeological hypotheses. Unfortunately, the palynological sediment sample gives a terminus ante quem of the seventh or eighth century AD (chapter by S. Pérez Díaz and J.A. López Sáez). Alongside unpublished indeterminate pottery, 117 mining tools are described in detail (including use-wear, lithology and surface types). Comparison with material from nearby Solana del Bepo (Rafel Fontanals et al. 2017) reveals that the artefacts from La Turquesa are less sophisticated and more opportunistic: mainly hammerstones modified during use or simple picks, sometimes with a picked groove that indicates hafting. Delgado-Raack argues convincingly that the tools were used in a context of direct extraction, for crushing the rock as well as for fragment-crushing copper ore at the site.
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Romanescu, Gheorghe. "Salt and the Development of Human Settlements with Balnear and Climateric Potential within the Romanian Intra-Carpathian Space". Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2019): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2019-0011.
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Abstract Deposit salt in Romania has extremely important reserves, considered even inexhaustible at the current exploitation level. The biggest salt resources are found in the intra-Carpathian arch, represented by Transylvania and Maramures. Most sources of salt outcrops are disseminated on the edge of the Transylvania Depression, in the diapir folds formed following salt migration. The salt mines – Turda, Praid, Ocna Mures, Ocna Dej, Ocna Sibiu, Cojocna, Ocna Sugatag – represented an important source of incomes, reason for which important human settlements formed around them. All these localities have turned nowadays into balneal and climacteric resorts that fully use the beneficial effect of the atmosphere within galleries (Praid, Turda). The most important incomes from tourism are represented by the galleries of the mines of Turda (one of the 10 wonders of the modern world) and Praid. The balneal and climacteric resorts also developed around the salt lakes installed in the areas of collapsed mines: Sovata, Ocna Sibiu, Ocna Dej, Cojocna. The most well known human settlements and the most important balneal and climacteric resorts, implicitly, are disseminated on the external branch of the Transylvania Depression (Sovata, Praid, Ocna Mures, Baile Figa, Cojocna thermae, Ocna Dej, Ocna Sibiu) and of the Maramures Depression (Ocna Sugata, Costiui, Vad). The oldest mining exploitation is situated at Figa (county of Bistrita-Nasaud) was founded around the year AD 3000. From this point of view, it is one of the oldest mining exploitations on Earth. The existence of the world-important archaeological site can invigorate the development of the surrounding localities, but mostly of the city of Beclean.
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Yücel, Haluk, Süleyman Övüç, Gizem Akkaya e Şadiye Çakmak. "ESTIMATION OF RADIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE LEVELS IN A MINING AREA BASED ON 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS: A CASE STUDY FOR BEYLIKOVA-SIVRIHISAR COMPLEX ORE SITE IN TURKEY". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 190, n.º 3 (julho de 2020): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa104.
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Abstract The study estimated the radiological exposure levels in a mining area for miners in the Beylikova-Sivrihisar (Turkey) complex ore site containing 238U, 226Ra and 232Th. Sixty samples were collected from the study area based on a geologic map. The radionuclide activities were measured using a 78.5% efficient n-type HPGe detector. The measured mean activities were 1871 ± 38 Bq kg−1 for 238U, 1749 ± 5 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 3467 ± 9 Bq kg−1 for 232Th and 309 ± 2 Bq kg−1 for 40K. From the measured results, the external effective dose was calculated to be max. 3.80 ± 0.03 mSv y−1 (mean: 2.04 ± 0.03 mSv y−1) for inside gallery and max. 7.59 ± 0.05 mSv y−1 (mean: 4.08 ± 0.05 mSv y−1) for outdoor. Additionally, the external exposure index was calculated to be Hex = 33.5 ± 0.2(mean: 18.2 ± 0.3) and internal exposure index to be Hin = 45.9 ± 0.3 (mean: 22.9 ± 0.4). The results indicate that additional radiation protection measures should be taken during the mining process if an opencast mining is implemented in Beylikova complex ore deposit.
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Ben Mabrouk, Ismail, Larbi Talbi, Mourad Nedil e Khelifa Hettak. "Effect of Mining Machinery on MIMO–UWB Radiowave Propagation Within an Underground Gallery". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, n.º 11 (novembro de 2012): 5390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2209859.
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D’Obyrn, Kajetan, e Antoni Tajduś. "Geomechanical Numerical Analysis as a Guidance for Preservation Works of the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine Site". Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 39, n.º 2 (27 de junho de 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sgem-2017-0013.
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Abstract Salt was excavated at the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine for over 700 years. Underground mining operations terminated in 1996, by which time almost 2,400 chambers and 245 km of galleries had been created underground, situated on 9 levels and a few interlevels. In 1978, the mine was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, which stated that parts of the mine with historical value had to be preserved for future generations. In order to preserve the most valuable chambers and galleries, activities aimed at establishing a protection pillar for excavations were conducted in the conservation area on Levels I-V. The need of large scope preserving works created the necessity to conduct a new and truly comprehensive geomechanical analysis. Such an analysis could only be done by means of advanced numerical modelling codes. Three-dimensional calculations were performed by means of FLAC 3D finite difference code. Rock mass stability assessment in the vicinity of excavations was carried out on the basis of the distribution and range of the so called failure zones. This comprehensive geomechanical analysis allows for verification and give the directions for future preservation and closure works in the “Wieliczka” mine.
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Tanabata, Takanari, Kazuhito Sawase, Hajime Nobuhara e Barnabas Bede. "Interactive Data Mining for Large-Scale Image Databases Based on Formal Concept Analysis". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 14, n.º 3 (20 de abril de 2010): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2010.p0303.
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In order to perform an interactive data-mining for huge image databases efficiently, a visualization interface based on Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is proposed. The proposed interface system provides an intuitive lattice structure enabling users freely and easily to select FCA attributes and to view different aspects of the Hasse diagram of the lattice of a given image database. The investigation environment is implemented using C++ and the OpenCV library on a personal computer (CPU = 2.13 GHz, MM = 2 GB). In visualization experiments using 1,000 Corel Image Gallery images, we test image features such as color, edge, and face detectors as FCA attributes. Experimental analysis confirms the effectiveness of the proposed interface and its potential as an efficient datamining tool.
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Wojtecki, Łukasz, Sebastian Iwaszenko, Derek B. Apel e Tomasz Cichy. "An Attempt to Use Machine Learning Algorithms to Estimate the Rockburst Hazard in Underground Excavations of Hard Coal Mine". Energies 14, n.º 21 (21 de outubro de 2021): 6928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216928.
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Rockburst is a dynamic rock mass failure occurring during underground mining under unfavorable stress conditions. The rockburst phenomenon concerns openings in different rocks and is generally correlated with high stress in the rock mass. As a result of rockburst, underground excavations lose their functionality, the infrastructure is damaged, and the working conditions become unsafe. Assessing rockburst hazards in underground excavations becomes particularly important with the increasing mining depth and the mining-induced stresses. Nowadays, rockburst risk prediction is based mainly on various indicators. However, some attempts have been made to apply machine learning algorithms for this purpose. For this article, we employed an extensive range of machine learning algorithms, e.g., an artificial neural network, decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting, to estimate the rockburst risk in galleries in one of the deep hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland. With the use of these algorithms, we proposed rockburst risk prediction models. Neural network and decision tree models were most effective in assessing whether a rockburst occurred in an analyzed case, taking into account the average value of the recall parameter. In three randomly selected datasets, the artificial neural network models were able to identify all of the rockbursts.