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Piestrzeniewicz, C., A. Sadowski, R. Dziuban, S. Odziemkowski e D. Wrona. "Results of ten-year rootstock testing with apple cultivar Rubin on fertile soil". Horticultural Science 40, No. 1 (19 de fevereiro de 2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/223/2012-hortsci.
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The experiment was carried out on a fertile alluvial soil at Warsaw-Wilanów, Central Poland, in years 2001–2010. Nineteen very dwarfing and dwarfing rootstocks were tested for vigorous apple cultivar Rubin. Ten-year-old trees were the largest on M 9 EMLA and P 62, smaller on Arm 18, and then on B 491, Unima and B 146. Even smaller were the trees on M 27, P 63 and P 64, and the smallest those on PJ 629. The highest cumulative yield (2002–2010) per tree was on P 66, Arm 18, M 9 EMLA, B 491 and P 16, lower on P 64, P 22, P 59, M 27, PB-4 and J-TE-G, and the lowest on PJ 629. Trees on P 59, PJ 629, PB-4, No. 280, J-TE-G, P 63, P 66, P 22, No. 387 and P 64 showed higher yield efficiency than those on M 9 EMLA or P 62. The mean fruit mass from trees on P 63, M 27, No. 387, Arm 18, P 62, P 64, No. 280, B 491, P 16, Unima and M 9 EMLA was larger than from trees on PJ 629. Trees on P 63, B 491, P 16, P 66, and P 65 produced higher cumulative yield per ha than trees on PB-4, J-TE-G or PJ 629.
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Wiranda, Sumaryati Syukur e Hermansyah Aziz. "DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM (Ca) AND MAGNESIUM (Mg) CONTENT IN CACAO (Theobroma cacao Linn) FERMENTATION AND NON FERMENTATION BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY". Jurnal Riset Kimia 3, n.º 1 (11 de fevereiro de 2015): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v3i1.104.
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ABSTRACT Cacao beans contain many kinds of mineral, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), Zinc (Zn), Phosphor (P) and etc. This study investigated magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in fermentation and non fermentation cacao beans by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mg and Ca, content in non fermentation cacao beans of green and red variety are 453 µg/g, 466 µg/g, and 491 µg/g, 445 µg/g. Mg and Ca, contents in fermentation cacao beans of green and red variety are, 596 µg/g, 528 µg/g, and 554 µg/g, 505 µg/g. Fermentation make magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) content increase significantly. Keywords : Theobroma cacao Linn, fermentation, spectrophotometry.
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Ali Albsheer, Musab M., Andrew A. Lover, Sara B. Eltom, Leena Omereltinai, Nouh Mohamed, Mohamed S. Muneer, Abdelrahim O. Mohamad e Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid. "Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd), CareStart qualitative rapid diagnostic test performance, and genetic variants in two malaria-endemic areas in Sudan". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, n.º 10 (26 de outubro de 2021): e0009720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009720.
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) is the most common enzymopathy globally, and deficient individuals may experience severe hemolysis following treatment with 8-aminoquinolines. With increasing evidence of Plasmodium vivax infections throughout sub-Saharan Africa, there is a pressing need for population-level data at on the prevalence of G6PDd. Such evidence-based data will guide the expansion of primaquine and potentially tafenoquine for radical cure of P. vivax infections. This study aimed to quantify G6PDd prevalence in two geographically distinct areas in Sudan, and evaluating the performance of a qualitative CareStart rapid diagnostic test as a point-of-care test. Blood samples were analyzed from 491 unrelated healthy persons in two malaria-endemic sites in eastern and central Sudan. A pre-structured questionnaire was used which included demographic data, risk factors and treatment history. G6PD levels were measured using spectrophotometry (SPINREACT) and first-generation qualitative CareStart rapid tests. G6PD variants (202 G>A; 376 A>G) were determined by PCR/RFLP, with a subset confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The prevalence of G6PDd by spectrophotometry was 5.5% (27/491; at 30% of adjusted male median, AMM); 27.3% (134/491; at 70% of AMM); and 13.1% (64/490) by qualitative CareStart rapid diagnostic test. The first-generation CareStart rapid diagnostic test had an overall sensitivity of 81.5% (95%CI: 61.9 to 93.7) and negative predictive value of 98.8% (97.3 to 99.6). All persons genotyped across both study sites were wild type for the G6PD G202 variant. For G6PD A376G all participants in New Halfa had wild type AA (100%), while in Khartoum the AA polymorphism was found in 90.7%; AG in 2.5%; and GG in 6.8%. Phenotypic G6PD B was detected in 100% of tested participants in New Halfa while in Khartoum, the phenotypes observed were B (96.2%), A (2.8%), and AB (1%). The African A- phenotype was not detected in this study population. Overall, G6PDd prevalence in Sudan is low-to-moderate but highly heterogeneous. Point-of-care testing with the qualitative CareStart rapid diagnostic test demonstrated moderate performance with moderate sensitivity and specificity but high negative predicative value. The two sites harbored primarily the African B phenotype. A country-wide survey is recommended to understand GP6PD deficiencies more comprehensively in Sudan.
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Witt, Colleen M., e Ellen A. Robey. "The Ins and Outs of CCR7 in the Thymus". Journal of Experimental Medicine 200, n.º 4 (16 de agosto de 2004): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20041110.
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Although it is widely supposed that chemokines play a role in the thymus, most existing evidence is circumstantial. In this issue, two groups provide direct evidence that the chemokine receptor CCR7 is required for normal thymocyte migration (Ueno, T., F. Saito, D. Gray, S. Kuse, K. Hieshima, H. Nakano, T. Kakiuchi, M. Lipp, R. Boyd, and Y. Takahama. 2004. J. Exp. Med. 200:493–505; Misslitz, A., O. Pabst, G. Hintzen, L. Ohl, E. Kremmer, H. T. Petrie, and R. Forster. 2004. J. Exp. Med. 200:481–491). The two papers focus on distinct and opposite migration events, an early outward migration and a later inward migration. Together these papers provide a fascinating picture of the complex role of CCR7 in orchestrating thymocyte migration.
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Wang, M. L., C. Y. Chen, J. Davis, B. Guo, H. T. Stalker e R. N. Pittman. "Assessment of oil content and fatty acid composition variability in different peanut subspecies and botanical varieties". Plant Genetic Resources 8, n.º 1 (6 de outubro de 2009): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262109990177.
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Within the cultivated peanut species (Arachis hypogaea L.), there are two subspecies comprising six botanical varieties, and the effect of botanical taxon on oil content and fatty acid composition variability is unclear. To gauge the variability, 83 peanut accessions were analyzed for oil content (expressed at 0% moisture) and fatty acid composition. We found that within the subsp. hypogaea, var. hypogaea contained a much higher amount of oil in seeds than did the var. hirsuta Köhler (520 vs. 473 g/kg, P < 0.05); within the subsp. fastigiata Waldron, the vars. aequatoriana Krapov. & W.C. Gregory and vulgaris Harz contained a similar amount of oil in seeds (491 g/kg), not significantly different from other botanical varieties, but var. fastigiata contained a higher amount of oil (500 g/kg) than the var. peruviana Krapov. & W.C. Gregory (483 g/kg). In terms of the fatty acid composition, oil from seeds of var. hypogaea contained much more oleic acid than did var. hirsuta (491 vs. 377 g/kg, P < 0.05), but much less palmitic acid (97 vs. 138 g/kg, P < 0.05%) and linoleic acid (308 vs. 402 g/kg, P < 0.05). Oil from seeds of var. vulgaris contained much more oleic acid than did var. aequatoriana (437 vs. 402 g/kg, P < 0.05), but much less linoleic acid (346 vs. 380 g/kg, P < 0.05). Significant negative correlations of oleic with palmitic and linoleic acids were detected. The information on the oil content and fatty acid composition variability among botanical varieties would be useful for peanut breeders seeking germplasm containing both high oil content and proper fatty acid composition.
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Jeong, Soon Yong. "Preparation of Porous Graphite Using Template of Kenyaite". Solid State Phenomena 119 (janeiro de 2007): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.119.127.
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Porous graphite was synthesized by removal of template after pyrolysis of PFO (pyrolized fuel oil) using kenyaite template with cobalt catalyst. Pyrolysis was conducted for 3-18 hr at 900-1350°C. Porous graphite was synthesized at 900°C after pyrolizing during 3 h. Porous graphite was well crystallized with increasing amount of cobalt. Specific surface area was the range of 274-491 m2/g depending on pyrolysis conditions.
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Staszewski, Cara, Kimberly M. Herrera, Elizabeth Kertowidjojo, Victoria Ly, Nicole Iovino, Diana Garretto, Cynthia Kaplan, Malini D. Persad e David J. Garry. "Histological Changes Observed in Placentas Exposed to Medication-Assisted Treatment". Journal of Pregnancy 2021 (7 de outubro de 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2175026.
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Introduction. To compare the effects of medication-assisted treatment on the placenta in pregnant women with opioid use disorder and uncomplicated pregnancies. Methods. This is a case-controlled study of pregnant women utilizing medication-assisted treatment, buprenorphine or methadone, which were matched to healthy uncomplicated controls by gestational age. Placental evaluations and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Data analysis performed standard statistics and relative risk analysis with a p < 0.05 considered significant. Results. There were 143 women who met the inclusion criteria: 103 utilizing MAT, 41 buprenorphine and 62 methadone, and 40 uncomplicated matched healthy controls. The incidence of delayed villous maturation was 36% in the medication-assisted group compared with 10% in controls (RR 3.6: 95% CI 1.37-9.43; p < 0.01 ). The placental weight was greater ( 541 ± 117 g versus 491 ± 117 g; p = 0.02 ), and the fetoplacental weight ratio was lower ( 5.70 ± 1.1 versus 7.13 ± 1.4 ; p < 0.01 ) in the medication-exposed pregnancies compared with controls. The mean birth weight of the MAT newborns was significantly lower than that of the healthy controls ( 3018 ± 536 g versus 3380 ± 492 g; p < 0.01 ). When evaluating the subgroups of the MAT newborns, the birth weight of the methadone-exposed newborns ( 2886 ± 514 g) was significantly lower than that of the buprenorphine-exposed newborns ( 3218 ± 512 g; p < 0.01 ). Conclusion. Medication-exposed pregnancies have a greater incidence of delayed villous maturation, a larger placental size, and a decreased fetoplacental weight ratio compared to the healthy controls. Larger long-term follow-up studies to evaluate outcomes with the presence of delayed villous maturation are needed.
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Álvarez Arias, Constantino. "G. MORELLI, Gli ecclesiastici nel diritto italiano, I vol. de VII + 491 págs., Milano, Giuffrè, 1960". Ius Canonicum 1, n.º 2 (17 de abril de 2018): 624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/016.1.24131.
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Kim, S. W., M. Brandherm, B. Newton, D. R. Cook, I. Yoon e G. Fitzner. "Effect of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in sow diets on reproductive performance in a commercial environment". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 90, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2010): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas09100.
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Sows (n = 491) were used to determine the effects of dietary yeast culture (Diamond V Original XPC™) on sow and litter performance in three treatments: (1) no added XPC, (2) 5 and 15 g d-1 XPC, and (3) 12 and 15 g d-1 XPC during gestation and lactation, respectively. Litter weight gain of multiparous sows fed XPC tended to be increased (P = 0.051), whereas that of primiparous sows was not affected. Days from wean to successful breeding of multiparous sows was reduced 35% (P < 0.05) by XPC. However, feeding a higher level of XPC during gestation resulted in no additional benefits.Key words: Litter weight gain, parity, sows, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product
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Hayashi, Terumasa, Shoichi Maruyama, Masaomi Nangaku, Ichiei Narita, Hideki Hirakata, Kenichiro Tanabe, Satoshi Morita, Yoshiharu Tsubakihara, Enyu Imai e Tadao Akizawa. "Darbepoetin Alfa in Patients with Advanced CKD without Diabetes: Randomized, Controlled Trial". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15, n.º 5 (3 de abril de 2020): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.08900719.
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Background and objectivesLarge, randomized, controlled trials targeting higher hemoglobin level with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for Western patients with CKD showed harm. However, the effect of anemia correction using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents may differ between CKD subpopulations. The Prevention of ESKD by Darbepoetin Alfa in CKD Patients with Non-diabetic Kidney Disease study, a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study, aimed to examine the effect of targeting hemoglobin levels of 11–13 g/dl using darbepoetin alfa with reference to a low-hemoglobin target of 9–11 g/dl on kidney outcome in patients with advanced CKD without diabetes in Japan.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe enrolled 491 patients with CKD without diabetes, and an eGFR of 8–20 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Of these 491 patients, 239 and 240 were ultimately assigned to the high- and low-hemoglobin groups, respectively (12 patients were excluded). The primary outcome was a kidney composite end point (starting maintenance dialysis, kidney transplantation, eGFR≤6 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 50% reduction in eGFR).ResultsMean hemoglobin levels were 11.2±1.1 and 10.0±0.9 g/dl in the high- and low-hemoglobin groups, respectively, during the mean study period of 73.5±29.7 weeks. The kidney composite end point occurred in 105 (44%) and 116 (48%) patients in the high- and low-hemoglobin groups, respectively (log-rank test; P=0.32). The adjusted Cox proportional hazards model showed that the hazard ratio for the high- versus low-hemoglobin group was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 1.03; P=0.08). Cardiovascular events occurred in 19 (8%) and 16 (7%) patients in each group, respectively, with no significant between-group difference (log-rank test; P=0.66).ConclusionsTargeting a higher hemoglobin level (11–13 g/dl) with darbepoetin alfa did not improve kidney outcome compared with targeting a lower hemoglobin level (9–11 g/dl) in patients with advanced CKD without diabetes.Clinical Trial registry name and registration numberPrevention of ESKD by Darbepoetin Alfa in CKD Patients with Non-diabetic Kidney Disease (PREDICT), NCT01581073.
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Hernández-Corona, Jesús Leonardo, Armando T. Wakida-Kusunoki e Vicente Anislado-Tolentino. "Record of partial albino in the scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) in the Mexican Pacific Ocean". Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 57, n.º 3 (25 de dezembro de 2022): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2022.57.3.4101.
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This study reports the capture of a partial albino scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini in Puerto Madero, Chiapas, Mexico. The specimen was a neonate female that measured 491 mm total length and had a total weight of 800 g. This is the first report of an albino scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini in the Pacific Ocean and the second in the world. The presence of albinism could be the result of multifactorial events, although anthropogenic stressors such as excessive fishing pressure and marine pollution might be involved.
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Tsuneizumi, Michiko, Mitsue Saito, Hideaki Ogata, Goro Kutomi, Keiko Hosoya, Yuko Kawai e Joe Matsuoka. "Possible mechanisms of serotonin and aprepitant actions in chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV): Insights into the mechanisms of serotonin and aprepitant actions in CINV—According to recent multi-institutional double-blind randomized clinical research on the AC regimen." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n.º 15_suppl (20 de maio de 2017): 6587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6587.
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6587 Background: One of our interests has been whether palonosetron(P) would be superior to granisetron(G) when administering triplet antiemetic therapy for the prevention of CINV, since a prior trial demonstrated P to be superior to G for controlling CINV induced by highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) in doublet therapy. In this study(TTT; trial for antiemetic therapy), we assessed the efficacies of P and G for use as triplet antiemetic therapy for AC, by monitoring CINV, focusing complete response (CR; no vomiting and no rescue medicine) in the delayed phase. The primary endpoint of TTT was a CR during the delayed phase with 5-HT3ra plus dexamethasone and aprepitant administration for AC. The purpose of gaining insights into the possible mechanism of action of aprepitant and P was to obtain ideas for the next strategy against CINV. Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, 491 breast cancer receiving AC were recruited from 11 institutions, and randomly assigned to either single-dose P(0.75mg) or G(40μg/kg) prior to AC on day 1, both with dexamethasone (9.9 mg) and aprepitant (125mg) on day 1 followed by additional doses (80mg) on days 2 and 3. Age, institution and habitual alcohol intake were used as stratification factors. The primary endpoint was a CR. Results: All 491 patients were included in efficacy analyses: 246 patients in the group P and 245 in the group G. The difference in CR during the delayed phase, i.e. 24 hrs after the administration of AC, did not reach statistical significance, however, there was a remarkable difference between 48 and 72 hrs in the day-to-day analysis(p < 0.02). Conclusions: P showed better efficacy in controlling CINV between 48 to 72 hours after AC, than G as triplet antiemetic therapy for AC. We can reasonably speculate that the influence of serotonin has two peaks (0-24 hrs and 48-72 hrs). For controlling CINV in the delayed phase, not only an NK1 receptor antagonist but also administering a 5-HT3ra with long life should be considered until 72 hrs after HEC. Clinical trial information: UMIN 000007882.
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Akhter, K., T. Ghous, Zain ul Abdin, E. Sadaf, A. Hassan, V. Irshad e S. Andleeb. "Pharmacological Approach to Glycemic Treatment Using Black, Green and Herbal Tea Extracts". Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, n.º 3 (29 de setembro de 2021): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i3.55827.
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Tea is the second most widely used drink all over the world after water. It has several health benefits. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of black, green and herbal teas for the treatment of hyperglycemia and its associated complications were investigated. Nine tea samples including black, green and herbal teas namely Lipton black tea (LBT), Supreme black tea (SBT), Tapal black tea (TBT), Jasmine green tea (JGT), Lemon grass green tea (LGrT), Lemon green tea (LGT), Berginia ciliata, Bistorta affinis and Paeonia emodi were selected for the study. Total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant properties including inhibitory activity against 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS•+), iron chelation and enzymes inhibitory potential for alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase were analyzed based on in vitro assays. The percentage yield of extracts was in the range of 7.2 to 47 %. Methanolic extracts showed greater TPC values (μg GAE/g) while aqueous extracts showed greater TFC values (μg Rutin E/g). The aqueous extracts of most of the studied tea samples showed strong biological activities with very low IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) values (0.2-69.0 μg/ml) for ABTS•+ radical scavenging, Fe2+ chelation and alpha glucosidase inhibition assays. For amylase inhibition activity, some aqueous extracts including LBT, SBT, JGT and P. emodi exhibited greater IC50 values. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 491-498, 2021 (September)
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Rustom, Samer Y., Eric P. Webster, David C. Blouin e Benjamin M. McKnight. "Interactions Between Quizalofop-p-ethyl and Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibiting Herbicides in Acetyl-coA Carboxylase Inhibitor–Resistant Rice Production". Weed Technology 32, n.º 3 (4 de abril de 2018): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.15.
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AbstractA field study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station (RRS) to evaluate antagonistic, synergistic, or neutral interactions of quizalofop when mixed with ALS-inhibiting herbicides labeled in rice production. Quizalofop was applied at 120 g ai ha−1. Mixture herbicides included penoxsulam at 40 g ai ha−1, penoxsulam+triclopyr at 352 g ai ha−1, halosulfuron at 53 g ai ha−1, bispyribac at 34 g ai ha−1, orthosulfamuron+halosulfuron at 94 g ai ha−1, orthosulfamuron+quinclorac at 491 g ai ha−1, imazosulfuron at 211 g ai ha−1, and bensulfuron at 43 g ai ha−1. All ALS herbicides mixed with quizalofop indicated antagonistic responses for red rice, CL-111, CLXL 745, or barnyardgrass control at either 14 or 28 days after treatment (DAT). At 28 DAT, quizalofop mixed with penoxsulam or bispyribac controlled barnyardgrass 34 to 38%, compared with an expected control of 97%. In addition, these same mixtures controlled red rice, CL-111, and CLXL-745 61 to 67% at 28 DAT compared with an expected control of 96 to 97%. A second application of quizalofop at 120 g ha−1was applied at 28 DAT. At 42 DAT, neutral responses were indicated for all mixtures except with quizalofop mixed with penoxsulam containing products.
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Bestman, Hans Jürgen, Wolfgang Schaper, Dieter Ruppert, Reiner Zimmermann e Hans Burzlaff. "Phosphinalkylene, 491) Chemie und Stereochemie des 9,10,19,20-Tetrahydro-tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]cyclododecens und einiger seiner Derivate". Chemische Berichte 124, n.º 12 (dezembro de 1991): 2761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19911241219.
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Liu, Lu, Yi Fang, Jianlin Fan, Jianming Hu, Xiaoting Xu, Xiaohong Jin, Xiuzhen Wang, Min Deng, Jing Wang e Wei Liu. "BRCA2 promoter polymorphism is associated with breast cancer prognosis in Chinese women". Chinese Medical Journal 127, n.º 11 (5 de junho de 2014): 2012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20130978.
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Background Breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) is an important breast cancer-susceptibility gene. Promoter polymorphisms in BRCA2 may affect its transcription and be associated with cancer prognosis. Methods We identified five polymorphisms of the BRCA2 promoter region by in silico searching and direct sequencing: -254A/G (rs3092989), -908A/G (rs206117), -1134A/G (rs206115), -1144C/T (rs206116), and -1260CTTAGA/-(rs3072036). The -908A/G, -1134A/G, -1144C/T, and -1260CTTAGA/- polymorphisms were genotyped by direct sequencing in 491 breast cancer patients, and the -254A/G polymorphism was genotyped by Sequenom. Results The -1144C/T polymorphism was associated with clinical outcome. Carriers of the TT genotype had longer disease-free intervals (DFIs, P=0.029), especially among patients with sporadic unilateral breast cancer (P=0.010). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that all the five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were in LD (D> >0.8). Carriers of haplotypes containing the -1144T allele showed longer DFIs (P=0.049), and the result was more significant in patients with sporadic unilateral cancer (P=0.018). There were no significant associations between the other polymorphisms and DFI. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that homozygosity for the BRCA2 T(-1144) allele is associated with a longer DFI in Chinese women with breast cancer. Further functional studies are warranted to clarify this relationship.
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Binnicker, M. J., D. J. Jespersen e J. A. Harring. "Evaluation of Three Multiplex Flow Immunoassays Compared to an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection and Differentiation of IgG Class Antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, n.º 2 (9 de dezembro de 2009): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00325-09.
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ABSTRACT The diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections is routinely made based on clinical findings and supported by laboratory testing using PCR or viral culture. However, in instances of subclinical or unrecognized HSV infection, serologic testing for IgG class antibodies to type-specific HSV glycoprotein G (gG) may be useful. This study evaluated and compared the performances of three multiplex flow immunoassays (AtheNA Multi-Lyte [Zeus Scientific], BioPlex 2200 [Bio-Rad Laboratories], and Plexus HerpeSelect [Focus Diagnostics]) for the simultaneous detection of gG type-specific IgG antibodies to HSV types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Serum specimens (n = 505) submitted for routine gG type-specific HSV IgG testing by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (HerpeSelect; Focus Diagnostics) were also tested by the three multiplex flow immunoassays. Specimens showing discordant results were tested by HSV type-specific Western blotting (WB). For HSV-1 IgG, the AtheNA, BioPlex, and Plexus assays demonstrated agreements of 94.9% (479/505 specimens), 97.8% (494/505 specimens), and 97.4% (492/505 specimens), respectively, with the results of EIA. For HSV-2 IgG, the AtheNA, BioPlex, and Plexus assays showed agreements of 87.9% (444/505 specimens), 97.2% (491/505 specimens), and 96.8% (489/505 specimens), respectively, with EIA results. Timing studies showed that the AtheNA, BioPlex, and Plexus assays could provide complete analysis of 90 serum specimens in 3.1, 1.5, and 2.9 h, respectively, versus 3.1 h by EIA. These findings suggest that the gG type-specific HSV IgG multiplex immunoassays may be beneficial to high-volume clinical laboratories experiencing significant increases in the number of specimens submitted for HSV serologic testing. The evaluated systems provide comparable results to those of EIA, while reducing hands-on time and eliminating the necessity to aliquot specimens prior to testing.
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Parmenter, B. A., D. R. Denney, S. G. Lynch, L. S. Middleton e L. M. Harlan. "Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis: association with the APOE gene and promoter polymorphisms". Multiple Sclerosis Journal 13, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2007): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458506070682.
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Background Studies examining the ε4 allele of the APOE gene as a factor affecting the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) have yielded conflicting results. The focus of these studies on physical disability to the neglect of cognitive impairment is surprising in light of the associations between the ε4 allele and other dementia conditions. Only two studies examine the relationship between the ε4 allele and cognitive impairment. Methods A neuropsychological test battery was administered to 263 MS patients, and their current disability status was evaluated. Genotypes were determined for APOE epsilon and for two promoter region polymorphisms (-219 G/T and -491 A/T). Results Although effects were generally weak, female patients with the -491 AA genotype had a later age of disease onset, lower disability scores, and somewhat higher scores on the cognitive battery. Male patients with the ε2 allele had lower disability and higher scores on the cognitive battery. The ε4 allele was not related to physical disability, and there was no difference between ε4+and ε4– patients in overall cognitive performance. However, when patients with severe cognitive impairment were identified, a greater proportion (52%) of these patients had the ε4 allele than those in the unimpaired group (27%). Conclusion An association with the ε4 allele was evident in this study, but only in cases of severe cognitive impairment.
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Zhang, Yiwen, Konrad H. Stopsack, Lorelei A. Mucci, Edward Giovannucci e Anna Plym. "Abstract 2207: Fiber intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer among men at increased genetic risk". Cancer Research 84, n.º 6_Supplement (22 de março de 2024): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2207.
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Abstract Introduction High fiber intake from grains may lower advanced prostate cancer risk by enhancing insulin sensitivity, lowering insulin-like growth factor 1 and systemic inflammation. Whether a high-fiber diet can lower risk of metastatic disease and prostate cancer death in men at high genetic risk is unclear. Methods Using a new 400-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS) for prostate cancer, we quantified the genetic risk of 10,269 men with available genotype data in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, followed between 1993 and 2019. Men in the top 50-100% PRS category were considered high-risk and included for analysis. Total fiber intake and different sources (cereal, fruits, vegetables) were assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires. Overall and lethal prostate cancer (metastatic disease/prostate cancer death) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During 26 years of follow-up, we recorded 1,494 overall and 174 lethal prostate cancer events in the high genetic risk group. As expected, no associations were observed fiber intake with risk of overall prostate cancer. For lethal prostate cancer, the results varied according to the source of fiber. Higher cereal fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of lethal prostate cancer (per 3 g/d higher intake: 0.81 [0.68, 0.97], P-trend=0.02). We further observed a higher disease risk among men with higher fruit fiber intake (per 3g/d higher intake: 1.18 [1.02, 1.36], P-trend=0.03). The associations remained similar when mutually adjusted for each fiber type. No associations were observed for total or vegetable fiber intake. Conclusion In this analysis of men at high prostate cancer genetic risk, we observed that higher cereal fiber intake was associated with lower lethal prostate cancer risk, whereas higher fruit fiber intake showed an opposite trend. Further studies in different populations and investigations into the underlying mechanisms are needed. Fiber intake with risk of overall and lethal prostate cancer among men at high genetic risk. Fiber type Overall prostate cancer: No.event/PY Overall prostate cancer: HR (95% CI) Lethal prostate cancer: No.event/PY Lethal prostate cancer: HR (95% CI) All fiber, g/d T1, median=15.8 490/66047 ref. 42/73826 ref. T2, median=21.8 484/62237 0.96 (0.83-1.11) 61/69849 1.16 (0.77-1.75) T3, median=29.9 520/67374 1.02 (0.86-1.21) 71/75242 1.24 (0.75-2.05) Per 3 g/d 0.98 (0.96-1.01) 1.00 (0.92-1.08) P for trend 0.27 0.93 Cereal fiber, g/d T1, median=4.6 491/63911 ref. 49/72367 ref. T2, median=6.7 512/66251 1.04 (0.91-1.20) 76/73384 1.30 (0.90-1.87) T3, median=9.4 491/65496 0.92 (0.80-1.06) 49/73166 0.75 (0.50-1.12) Per 3 g/d 0.96 (0.90-1.01) 0.81 (0.68-0.97) P for trend 0.14 0.02 Fruit fiber, g/d T1, median=2.5 471/66306 ref. 33/74056 ref. T2, median=4.5 514/63268 1.06 (0.92-1.22) 51/70430 1.21 (0.76-1.91) T3, median=7.2 509/66085 1.00 (0.86-1.16) 90/74431 1.84 (1.18-2.87) Per 3 g/d 0.97 (0.91-1.03) 1.18 (1.02-1.36) P for trend 0.34 0.03 Vegetable fiber, g/d T1, median=4.8 481/64139 ref. 51/71594 ref. T2, median=6.9 505/64938 1.04 (0.91-1.20) 66/72291 1.22 (0.84-1.78) T3, median=9.6 508/66581 1.04 (0.90-1.20) 57/75031 0.98 (0.65-1.45) Per 3 g/d 0.99 (0.93-1.05) 0.97 (0.82-1.15) P for trend 0.72 0.74 Citation Format: Yiwen Zhang, Konrad H. Stopsack, Lorelei A. Mucci, Edward Giovannucci, Anna Plym. Fiber intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer among men at increased genetic risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2207.
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Di Scala-Guenot, D., e M. T. Strosser. "Downregulation of the oxytocin receptor on cultured astroglial cells". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 268, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 1995): C413—C418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.268.2.c413.
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Cultured astroglial cells obtained from rat fetal hypothalamus express oxytocin (OT) receptors, which have been previously characterized (Di Scala-Guenot and Strosser. Biochem. J. 284: 491-497, 1992), with a radioiodinated OT antagonist. In these cells, at steady-state binding at 37 degrees C, ice-cold acidic treatment released 10% of the bound ligand; with pronase treatment, 52% of the tracer was released. Because the binding was performed with an antagonist, one could assume that the radiolabeled ligand remains locked into the membrane in a state insensitive to the stripping agents rather than being internalized. Receptor downregulation induced by OT was concentration- and time-dependent, leading to a 72% loss of maximal binding capacity without changing the affinity of the receptor. On removal of OT the binding capacity recovered partially and the restoration process was blocked by monensin (20 microM) but not by cycloheximide (20 micrograms/ml), suggesting involvement of receptor recycling. Concerning the early mechanisms involved in the downregulation processes, uncoupling of the receptor from the G protein and the receptor phosphorylation by protein kinase C could be demonstrated. Treatment of the cells with the OT antagonist d(CH2)5OVT was shown to facilitate radioligand binding and to protect the receptor against OT-induced downregulation.
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Paris, Quirino. "Luenberger, David G. Linear and Nonlinear Programming , 2nd ed. Reading MA: Addison‐Wesley Publishing Co., 1984, xviii + 491 pp., $@@‐@@32.95". American Journal of Agricultural Economics 67, n.º 2 (maio de 1985): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1240727.
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Rosales-Castro, Martha, Rubén Francisco González-Laredo, Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzmán, José Alberto Gallegos-Infante, Javier Peralta-Cruz e Joseph J. Karchesy. "Evaluación química y capacidad antioxidante de extractos polifenólicos de cortezas". Madera y Bosques 15, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2016): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2009.1531187.
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Se evaluó la concentración de fenoles totales, flavonoides y proantocianidinas en extractos de acetona acuosa 70% (extracto crudo) y extractos semipurificados por partición líquido-líquido con acetato de etilo (extracto orgánico), de cortezas de Pinus cooperi, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus leiophylla y Pinus teocote, asimismo se determinó la actividad antioxidante de los extractos por las técnicas de radical ácido 2,2´-azinobis-3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfónico (ABTS•+), desoxi-d-ribosa (atrapamiento de radical hidroxilo), y por la inhibición de la oxidación de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL). Se realizó una comparación cromatográfica de los extractos por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC). La concentración de fenoles fue de 491 mg g-1 a 604 mg g-1, los extractos orgánicos presentaron mayor concentración de flavonoides (292 mg g-1 a 385 mg g-1) que los extractos crudos (259 mg g-1 a 314 mg g-1) , mientras que la concentración de proantocianidinas fue mayor en el extracto crudo (186 mg g-1a 286 mg g-1) que en el orgánico (70 mg g-1a 151 mg g-1) . La capacidad de captura del radical ABTS fue de 49,48% a 57,44%, similares al que presentó el estándar catequina (57,92 %). La capacidad de captura del radical hidroxilo varió de 25,85% a 48,46% y fue mayor en el extracto orgánico en todas las especies. La inhibición de oxidación de LDL fue de 64,41% a 89,39%, con valores más altos en el extracto orgánico. Los cromatogramas de HPLC muestran semejanza de los compuestos químicos en las cuatro especies. Se identificó el flavanol catequina a baja concentración en todas las especies. El compuesto principal en P. cooperi, P. engelmannii, y P. teocote, es similar en las tres especies y por espectro de UV corresponde a una flavanona.
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Tarova, Z. N., M. L. Dubrovsky, N. L. Churikova, M. S. Temnov, Ya V. Ustinskaya e D. S. Dvoretsky. "The analysis of the suitability of using waste from the production of planting material for apple trees to obtain natural anthocyanin dyes". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 845, n.º 1 (1 de novembro de 2021): 012143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/845/1/012143.
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Abstract The analysis of the content of pigments in the stems of clonal apple rootstocks bred by Michurinsky State Agrarian University showed a high content of anthocyanins (more than 200 mg/100 g for rootstock 54-118). When determining the qualitative composition, it was revealed that anthocyanins in the stems of the rootstocks are represented by three groups, while there are differences in the shape of the rootstocks. As a source of pigment production, it is necessary to select rootstocks with a high endogenous synthesis of anthocyanins (i.e. red-leaved forms 54-118, 57-491, 98-7-77, etc.), during the cultivation of which, in addition to the main product—detachable rooted cuttings-one can additionally receive from 3 to 10 kg of anthocyanin dyes from 1 hectare of mother plant.
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Artieda, Marta, Alberto Gañán, Ana Cenarro, Ángel Luis García-Otín, Ivonne Jericó, Fernando Civeira e Miguel Pocoví. "Association and Linkage Disequilibrium Analyses ofAPOEPolymorphisms in Atherosclerosis". Disease Markers 24, n.º 2 (2008): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/650410.
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Background: Apolipoprotein E (apo E) plays a major role in lipid metabolism, and its genetic variations have been associated with cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the APOE promoter (−491 A/T, −427 T/C and −219 G/T) and coding region (APOEɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4) polymorphisms in atherosclerosis disease by association and linkage disequilibrium analyses. Materials and methods: We analyzed these polymorphisms in a sample of 286 subjects with atherosclerosis disease: 153 subjects with atherothrombotic stroke (ATS) and 133 subjects with ischemic heart disease (IHD); and in two control groups, 103 newborns and 114 elderly subjects.Results: The ɛ4 allele was associated with more severe carotid stenosis in the ATS group, being the percentages of ɛ4 carriers 26.7% and 11.4% for the higher and lower carotid stenosis groups, respectively (p=0,066). The −491 T/T IHD subjects presented higher vessel scores than subjects A/A and A/T genotypes at that position (p=0,041), and the frequencies of −2 (5.1% versus 14.1%,p=0,060) and −427C (10.3% versus 24.4%,p=0,019) alleles were lower in IHD subjects with higher extent score versus lower extent score. The ɛ2 allele was in linkage disequilibrium with the −427C allele in all studied groups, and the −219T allele was associated with the ɛ4 allele in the IHD group.Conclusion: In summary, the ɛ2 allele was in linkage disequilibrium with the −427C allele in all studied groups, and only slight associations between the analyzed APOE polymorphisms in the promoter and in the coding region and carotid and coronary vascular disease have been observed.
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Li, Min, e Mingqing Peng. "Prospective comparison of the effects of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy and restrictive fluid therapy on complications in thoracoscopic lobectomy". Journal of International Medical Research 49, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2021): 030006052110627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211062787.
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Objective Restrictive fluid therapy is recommended in thoracoscopic lobectomy to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications, but it may contribute to hypovolemia. Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) regulates fluid infusion to an amount required to avoid dehydration. We compared the effects of GDFT versus restrictive fluid therapy on postoperative complications after thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods In total, 124 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy were randomized into the GDFT group (group G, n = 62) or restrictive fluid therapy group (group R, n = 62). The fluid volume and postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery were recorded. Results The total fluid volume in groups G and R was 1332 ± 364 and 1178 ± 278 mL, respectively. Group R received a smaller colloid fluid volume (523 ± 120 vs. 686 ± 180 mL), had a smaller urine output (448 ± 98 vs. 491 ± 101 mL), and received more norepinephrine (120 ± 66 vs. 4 ± 18 µg) than group G. However, there were no significant differences in postoperative pulmonary complications, acute kidney injury, length of hospital stay, or in-hospital mortality between the two groups. Conclusion Restrictive fluid therapy performs similarly to GDFT in thoracoscopic lobectomy but is a simpler fluid strategy than GDFT. Trial registration: This study has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051339) ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx ).
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Cameron, N. D., e M. K. Curran. "Responses in carcass composition to divergent selection for components of efficient lean growth rate in pigs". Animal Science 61, n.º 2 (outubro de 1995): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800013904.
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AbstractCarcass composition was measured after six generations of divergent selection for lean growth rate on ad-libitum and restricted feeding, lean food conversion and daily food intake in populations of Large White (LW) and Landrace (LR) pigs. There were 161 half-carcass dissections in LW pigs and for LR pigs, a double sampling procedure combined information from 53 half-carcass and 53 hand joint dissections. The performance test started at 30 kg and finished at 85 kg with ad-libitum feeding and after 84 days with restricted feeding, and pigs were slaughtered at the end of the test.In the LR population, selection for lean growth on restricted feeding increased carcass lean content (605 v. 557 (s.e.d. 19) g/kg), but there were no significant responses in carcass lean content with the selection strategies on adlibitum feeding. Selection for lean food conversion and high lean growth on restricted feeding reduced carcass fat content (201 v. 241 (s.e.d. 14) and 150 v. 218 (s.e.d. 18) g/kg), but selection for high lean growth rate with adlibitum increased carcass fat content (212 v. 185 (s.e.d. 11) g/kg). Responses in carcass composition were not significant with selection on daily food intake.In the LW population, selection for high lean food conversion or low daily food intake increased carcass lean content (539 v. 494 and 543 v. 477 (s.e.d. 11) g/kg) to a greater extent than selection on lean growth rate (509 v. 475 g/kg). Responses in carcass fat content were equal and opposite to those in carcass lean content. Selection on lean growth rate with ad-libitum feeding increased lean tissue growth rate (LTGR) (491 v. 422 (s.e.d. 23) g/day), but there was no change in fat tissue growth rate (FTGR) (206 v. 217 (s.e.d. 15) g/day). In contrast, FTGR was reduced with selection on lean food conversion (169 v. 225 g/day), but LTGR was not significantly increased (520 v. 482 g/day). Selection for lean growth rate with restricted feeding combined the desirable strategies of lean growth rate on adlibitum feeding and lean food conversion, as LTGR was increased (416 v. 359 (s.e.d. 12) g/day) and FTGR decreased (126 v. 156 (s.e.d. 7) g/day). The preferred selection strategy may be lean growth rate on restricted feeding, which simultaneously emphasizes rate and efficiency of lean growth.For ad-libitum fed LW pigs, coheritabilities for growth rate, daily food intake and backfat depth with carcass lean content were negative (-0·12, -0·22 and -0·50 (s.e. 0·05), but positive with carcass subcutaneous fat content (0·22, 0·24 and 0·50), when estimated from six generations of performance test data and carcass dissection data in generations 2, 4 and 6.
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Neufer, P. D., M. N. Sawka, A. J. Young, M. D. Quigley, W. A. Latzka e L. Levine. "Hypohydration does not impair skeletal muscle glycogen resynthesis after exercise". Journal of Applied Physiology 70, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1991): 1490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.4.1490.
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of moderate hypohydration (HY) on skeletal muscle glycogen resynthesis after exhaustive exercise. On two occasions, eight males completed 2 h of intermittent cycle ergometer exercise (4 bouts of 17 min at 60% and 3 min at 80% of maximal O2 consumption/10 min rest) to reduce muscle glycogen concentrations (control values 711 +/- 41 mumol/g dry wt). During one trial, cycle exercise was followed by several hours of light upper body exercise in the heat without fluid replacement to induce HY (-5% body wt); in the second trial, sufficient water was ingested during the upper body exercise and heat exposure to maintain euhydration (EU). In both trials, 400 g of carbohydrate were ingested at the completion of exercise and followed by 15 h of rest while the desired hydration level was maintained. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis immediately after intermittent cycle exercise (T1) and after 15 h of rest (T2). During the HY trial, the muscle water content was lower (P less than 0.05) at T1 and T2 (288 +/- 9 and 265 +/- 5 ml/100 g dry wt, respectively; NS) than during EU (313 +/- 8 and 301 +/- 4 ml/100 g dry wt, respectively; NS). Muscle glycogen concentration was not significantly different during EU and HY at T1 (200 +/- 35 vs. 251 +/- 50 mumol/g dry wt) or T2 (452 +/- 34 vs. 491 +/- 35 mumol/g dry wt). These data indicate that, despite reduced water content during the first 15 h after heavy exercise, skeletal muscle glycogen resynthesis is not impaired.
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Silva, Eduardo Andrade Batista, e Pedro Cesar Filho Savi. "ANÁLISE DE DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE PASTEJO EMPREGADOS NA FASE DE RECRIA DE BOVINOS NO PERÍODO DE ENTRESSAFRA EM UM MUNICÍPIO NO NOROESTE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO". Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 8, n.º 10 (12 de novembro de 2022): 4139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51891/rease.v8i10.7390.
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O estudo realizado teve como objetivo comparar a eficiência de produção de dois sistemas de pastejo no período de entressafra, empregados na fase de recria de bovinos. Os sistemas comparados divergem pelo grau de tecnologia empregada, um deles utiliza-se de um método de pastejo rotacionado irrigado e adubado se caracterizando como método intensivo. O segundo método de pastejo consiste em um sistema extensivo contínuo. A análise dos dois sistemas foi realizada através do comparativo entre índices como taxa de lotação, arrobas produzidas, ganho médio diário, consumo de suplemento mineral e desempenho reprodutivo. Os dados obtidos foram armazenados e processados em planilhas no Microsoft Excel 2019. Os dois sistemas apresentaram produções satisfatórias no período avaliado, entretanto o sistema intensivo conseguiu gerar 45,3 @/ha, 4,29 UA/ha e um ganho médio diário de 345 gramas dia a mais que o sistema extensivo, ainda proporcionando que os animais apresentassem um consumo médio de suplemento mineral de 358 g/dia, enquanto o consumo dos animais do lote extensivo foi de 491 g/dia. Com relação ao desempenho reprodutivo, o método intensivo proporcionou que os animais emprenhassem 64 dias antes dos animais do lote extensivo iniciarem o protocolo reprodutivo.
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Prakash, Neera, Joseph Decristofaro e Echezona Maduekwe. "One Less Painful Procedure: Using Umbilical Cord Blood as Alternative Source to Admission Complete Blood Count". American Journal of Perinatology 34, n.º 12 (10 de abril de 2017): 1178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1601565.
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Objective This study aims to evaluate the use of umbilical cord blood as an alternative to the admission complete blood count (CBC) in the well-appearing late preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Study Design Paired umbilical cord and admission blood CBC samples from well late preterm infants were compared using a two-sample t-test or analysis of variance with an unequal variance for differences in the hemoglobin, platelet counts, white blood cell, and absolute neutrophil counts. Results A total of 100 infants were enrolled in the study. The study included 46 females, 5 Asian, 9 Black, 35 Hispanic, 51 White, with a mean gestational age of 35.3 ± 1 weeks (range: 34–36.5 weeks), and a mean birth weight of 2,347 ± 491 g (range: 1,840–4,260 g). Around 80% were appropriate for gestational age, 5% were large for gestational age, and 15% were small for gestational age. The median difference between the cord and admission blood samples were hemoglobin: 1.1 g/dL, platelet: 7.50 × 103 cells/μL, white blood cell count: 2.3 × 103 cells/μL, and absolute neutrophil count: 0.6 × 103 cells/μL. Conclusion The cord and admission blood testing were not statistically or clinically different when compared. In well late preterm infants, the NICU admission blood CBC may be replaced with an umbilical cord blood CBC.
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Jones, Douglas H. "Book Review: Statistical Methods, 8th Edition George W. Snedecor and William G. Cochran Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1989. xix + 491 pp". Journal of Educational Statistics 19, n.º 3 (setembro de 1994): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/10769986019003304.
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Arie, Tom. "Book review: The Clinical Neuropsychiatry of Stroke. Robert G. Robinson. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998. No. of pages: xii+491. Price: £60." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14, n.º 9 (setembro de 1999): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199909)14:9<793::aid-gps18>3.0.co;2-v.
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Volpe, Grazia, e Vincenzo D'Addario. "Late Onset Brain Anomalies: Tumors, Cysts and Hemorrhages". Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, n.º 4 (2013): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1321.
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ABSTRACT Most fetal brain anomalies can be diagnosed during the second trimester scan performed to screen for fetal malformations. However; there are some cerebral pathologies which become evident only during the late second and third trimester of pregnancy. Occupying space lesions, such as tumors, cysts, vascular malformations and hemorrhages frequently appear as late onset complications in a fetus diagnosed as normal during the second trimester anomaly scan. In this review paper the sonographic patterns of these anomalies will be described. Particular attention will be paid to the prognosis, which is extremely variable, ranging from the lethal outcome of huge brain tumors, to severe neurological handicap of severe hemorrhages or leukomalacic cysts, to normal postnatal outcome of some arachnoid cysts. How to cite this article D'Addario V, Capuano P, Volpe G. Late Onset Brain Anomalies: Tumors, Cysts and Hemorrhages. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):484-491.
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Miller, Kayla A., Omarh Mendoza, Caleb M. Shull, Tyler Baumann e Nicholas K. Gabler. "163 Peak-Infection Application of Increased SID Lysine:ME Diets Does Not Improve Disease Challenge Growth Performance". Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (12 de abril de 2022): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.121.
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Abstract Increasing dietary SID Lys:ME augments growth performance of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) challenged pigs when diets with greater SID Lys concentrations are in place at time of infection. Our objective was to evaluate the delayed implementation of increased SID Lys:ME diets post PRRSV challenge on pig performance. 491 grower pigs (45.8 ± 7.4 kg BW) were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary strategies (n = 16 pens/treatment, 10-11 pigs/pen). All pigs received a common diet from day post inoculation (dpi) -14 to dpi 21 (P1), that met SID Lys:ME recommendations. From dpi 21 to 77 (market body weight), dietary treatments were implemented in 2 phases (P2 and P3). The 2 dietary treatments were 2.23 g/Mcal (100%), 2.56 g/Mcal (115%), 2.90 g/Mcal (130%) in P2; and 1.92 g/Mcal (100%), 2.21 g/Mcal (115%), 2.49 g/Mcal (130%) in P3. On dpi 0, all pigs were inoculated with PRRSV. Pig BW, feed disappearance and feed efficiency were determined in each phase. Data were analyzed with pen as the experimental unit in a complete randomized design. During P1, ADG, ADFI, or G:F did not differ (P < 0.05). In P2 and P3, ADG, ADFI, or G:F did not differ between the 100%, 115% and 130% treatments (P > 0.10). Overall, ADG (0.90, 0.90 and 0.92 kg/d, P = 0.44) and ADFI (2.61, 2.57 and 2.57 kg/d, P = 0.48) did not differ between the 100%, 115% and 130% treatments, respectively. However, overall G:F was significantly higher for the 130% compared with the 100% and 115% treatments (0.36 versus 0.34 and 0.35, respectively; P = 0.021). Mortality was similar across treatments (P = 0.717). In conclusion, delayed feeding of diets with increased SID Lys:ME post infection was not beneficial to pig performance indicating this diet strategy needs to be in place near time of disease challenge.
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Qamar, Muhammad, Saeed Akhtar, Ross T. Barnard, Piero Sestili, Zyta M. Ziora, Claudia E. Lazarte e Tariq Ismail. "Antiinflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Grewia asiatica Crude Extracts and Fractions: A Bioassay-Guided Approach". BioMed Research International 2022 (28 de março de 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2277417.
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The study was an extension of our earlier work on antiinflammatory and anticancer properties of G. asiatica fruit. We aimed to develop a bioassay guided multistep purification technique for producing bioactive fractions of G. asiatica crude extracts. Dried fruit powder was sequentially fractionated with 100% dichloromethane, 100% methanol (MeOH), and 50% MeOH. Active extracts were subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning followed by subfractionation using RP-HPLC. Antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities of the fruit extracts, and their potent fractions were evaluated in vitro, while identification of compounds from the bioactive fractions was performed by ESI-MS/MS analysis. The amount of the identified compounds present was confirmed using external standards adopting a simple, accurate, and rapid analytical HPLC method. The results showed that 100% and 50% MeOH extracts possessed bioactivity; one of which (the 50% MeOH extract) displayed potent activity in all in vitro bioassays. MeOH extract (50%) derived fraction C and hydroalcoholic fraction 5 (GAHAF5) were observed to possess higher antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and in vitro anticancer activity. IC50 of GAHAF5 against MCF-7, HEp-2, and NCI-H522 cancer cells was recorded as 26.2, 51.4, and 63 μg/mL, respectively. ESI-MS/MS and HPLC analysis identified catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and morin as potential bioactive compounds in the GAHAF5 fraction with concentrations of 1230, 491, 957, and 130 μg/g, respectively. The findings indicated that G. asiatica bioactive fractions possessed antiinflammatory activity in vitro and were cytotoxic against breast cancer, lung cancer, and laryngeal cancer cell lines.
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Del Prete, S., R. Addeo, L. Leo, S. Cinieri, V. Lorusso, B. Vincenzi, M. Bianco, C. Savastano, V. Montesarchio e G. Filippelli. "Pananemia 2008 multicenter observational study on erythropoietin beta treatment in patients with cancer: Efficacy, patient satisfaction, and impact on psychological distress". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, n.º 15_suppl (20 de maio de 2009): e20695-e20695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20695.
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e20695 Background: Cancer-related anemia, results in both a need for transfusions and a decreased functional capacity and quality of life. Treating anemia associated with chemotherapy and many cancers is often necessary. However, patient satisfaction with anemia treatment, and the possible correlation between anemia and psychological distress frequently present in these patients is limited by the lack of validated instruments. Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2008, 591 cancer patients in treatment with erythropoietin beta for anemia were targeted to complete the Psychological Distress Inventory (PDI), a 13-item self-administered questionnaire, and the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire ( PSQ) at 4 week intervals, a 10-item, self-administered questionnaire. Data from weeks 5 and 9 were analyzed. Patients were required to receive at least four weekly injections of Epo, expecting to receive ≥ 8 additional weeks of chemotherapy, and able to complete questionnaires. Results: Among patients fulfilling eligibility criteria and having received at least four Epo Beta administrations, most (57.5%) of them were female, with a median age of 66 (52.4 - 76.5), and a median KPS of 85 (range: 50–100). 399 patients had a stage IV cancers. Hemoglobin values increased from mean baseline levels of 9.55 g/dL, to attain levels 10.31 at week 5, and 11.05 after 8 weeks of therapy; 247 (42%) patients received iron supplementation. For PDI, the overall response rate was 93 % (548/591) at baseline, 100 % (517/517) at week 5, and 99% (491/492) at week 9. The percentage of patients with psychological difficulties decreased during the treatment. For PSQ, the overall response rate was 100% (517/517) at week 5, and 100 % (492/492) at week 9. The PSQ questionnaires showed that a conspicuous group of patients (124/517) marked troubles to accept the treatment. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in anemic cancer patients psychological distress and anemia were related. PSQ reflect the burden of injection anemia treatment on cancer patients. Final data analysis will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Offringa, Lisa C., Jennifer C. Hartle, Joseph Rigdon e Christopher D. Gardner. "Changes in Quantity and Sources of Dietary Fiber from Adopting Healthy Low-Fat vs. Healthy Low-Carb Weight Loss Diets: Secondary Analysis of DIETFITS Weight Loss Diet Study". Nutrients 13, n.º 10 (16 de outubro de 2021): 3625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103625.
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The daily intake of dietary fiber is well below the recommended levels in the US. The effect of adopting a low-fat vs. a low-carbohydrate weight loss diet on fiber intake is of interest but not well-documented, especially when both approaches promote high-quality food choices. The objective of this paper is to compare the quantity and sources of dietary fiber between a healthy low-fat (HLF) vs. healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet group when consumed over 12 months in a weight loss diet study. In this secondary analysis of the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study, the amount and sources of dietary fiber were examined in generally healthy adults, 18–50 years of age, Body Mass Index (BMI) 28–40 kg/m2, randomized to HLF or HLC for 12 months, who had available 24-h recalls at 0 (n = 609), 3 (n = 549), 6 (n = 491), and 12 (n = 449) months. The dietary intake was estimated by the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R). The sources of fiber were determined for the major food groups. Significantly more total dietary fiber was consumed by HLF at every post-randomization time point, and, at 12 m, was 23.04 ± 9.43 g vs. 18.61 ± 8.12 g for HLF vs. HLC, respectively, p < 0.0001. In both diet groups at 12 months, the highest amount of dietary fiber came from non-starchy vegetables (4.13 ± 3.05 g and 5.13 ± 3.59 g). The other primary sources of fiber at 12 months for the HLF group were from whole grains (3.90 ± 3.13 g) and fruits (3.40 ± 2.87 g), and, for the HLC group, were from plant protein and fat sources, such as nuts and seeds, their butters, and avocados (2.64 ± 2.64 g). In the DIETFITS study, the difference in the total fiber intake for the HLF vs. HLC groups was more modest than expected. The HLC group consumed reasonably high amounts of fiber from high-protein and high fat plant-based sources.
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SHEORAN, SUNITA, DEV RAJ, R. S. ANTIL, V. S. MOR e K. S. GREWAL. "Soil microbial properties influenced with long term application of manures and fertilizers". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 1 (2 de março de 2020): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i1.98667.
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An ongoing long-term field experiment established in 1995 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) under pearl millet-wheat cropping system was selected to examine the impact of organic manures and fertilizers on soil microbiological properties. After 19 years of experiment, the samples were collected after wheat harvest in April, 2014. Under different combinations of treatments, the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content in soil ranged from 202–491 and 35.0–79.8 mg/kg, respectively. The lower content of MBC and MBN was observed in farmyard manure (FYM) treated plots as compared to pressmud or poultry manure. Soil microbial quotient (SMQ) ranged from 3.18– 5.61% and higher SMQ was observed with pressmud and poultry manure application as compared to FYM application. The highest dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was reported with FYM15 (63.71 μgTPF/g/24 hr) which was statistically at par with FYM15N150 (59.75 μg TPF/g/24 h) and pressmud7.5 (58.14 μg TPF/g/24 h). Among organic manures applied alone alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) followed the order: poultry manure>FYM>pressmud. The highest urease activity (97.6 μg NH4 +-N/g/h) was observed with pressmud7.5 and this may be attributed to higher N content (3.23%) in pressmud. The dehydrogenase and urease activity decreased in the plots where organic manures were applied in conjunction with NP fertilizers as compared to solitary application of organic manures. However, reverse trend was observed in case of alkaline phosphatase. Overall, pressmud applications exhibited favorable impacts on soil properties under pearl millet wheat cropping. Therefore, continuous application of pressmud could lead to long term maintenance of soil microbial properties in these sandy loam soils.
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Wright, I. A., e A. J. F. Russel. "Changes in the body composition of beef cattle during compensatory growth". Animal Science 52, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1991): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100005730.
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ABSTRACTForty-two weaned suckled Charolais-cross steers were used to measure changes in body composition during compensatory growth in growing cattle. Six cattle were slaughtered initially and the remaining 36 allocated to either a low level of feeding to 350 kg live weight followed by a high level (LH) or a high level of feeding throughout (HH). Above 350 kg live weight, food intake on both treatments was the same at any given live weight. Six cattle were slaughtered from each treatment at 350, 400 and 450 kg live weight. From initial live weight (259 kg) to 350 kg, live-weight gains were 0·45 and 0·78 kg/day for the LH and HH treatments respectively (P < 0·001). From 350 to 400 kg live weight, live-weight gains were 1·35 and 0·98 kg/day (P < 0·01) for the LH and HH cattle respectively, while from 400 to 450 kg live weight there was no significant difference (1·38 v. 1·20 kg/day). The LH cattle contained less fat in the empty body than the HH cattle at 350 kg (118 v. 153 g/kg; P < 0·05) and 400 kg live weight (117 v. 169 g/kg; P < 0·01), but at 450 kg there was no significant difference between treatments. From 350 to 400 kg live weight the composition of the empty body-weight gain was 663 g water, ' 108 g fat and 216 g protein per kg in the LH cattle and 422 kg water, 311 g fat and 173 g protein in the HH cattle. From 400 to 450 kg live weight the equivalent figures were 491, 291, 156 g/kg for the LH cattle and 744, 67 and 203 g/kg for the HH cattle. The results demonstrate that following a period of food restriction the empty body-weight gain of cattle initially comprises increased proportions of protein and water and a reduced proportion of fat compared with unrestricted cattle when both are given the same amount of food and compared at the same weight. There then follows a second phase in which the proportion of fat increases and the proportions of protein and water decrease.
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Baki, Hakan, Eyüp Çakmak, Birol Baki e Cemil Altundaş. "III. Nesil (F3) Karadeniz Alabalığı (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1814) Anaç Ağırlığı ve Kuluçka Verimi İlişkisi". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, n.º 7 (11 de junho de 2015): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i7.550-555.382.
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In this study, this was the aimed to determine the reproduction and hatching yields in different weight groups in hatchery origin rootstocks (F3) Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1814). In this study, the female fishes which produced from natural rootstock were used average weight 1437±134.6 g (Group I) 2737±210.2 g (Group II) and 3785±162.3 g (Group III). After the stripping process; according to the groups, were determined respectively eggs absolute fecundity (number of eggs/broodfish) is average 2353±205, 5361±506, 6603±491, relative fecundity (number of eggs/kg)) is average1687±166, 1968±194, 1744±114. The egg diameter (mm) 4.89±0.16, 5.28±0.07, 5.31±0.06 egg weight (mg) 77±6, 90±4, 96±3 groups I., II. and III. respectively was calculated. The fertilization ratio (%) 95.49±1.23, 96.49±1.14, 98.39±0.52, browse rate (%) 79.97±5.36, 84.20±5.23, 94.70±1.50, has been identified. The output rate (%) 60.57±7.86, 67.66±6.42, 84.83±3.09, the hatchery efficiency (%) 58.14±7.95, 69.77±6.25, 83.51±3.29 was found. relative fecundity average value 168±160, 1968±194, 1744±114.The existence of relationship among the weight of the brood-stock, absolute fecundity (0.0198, 0.0012, 0.3499), and relative egg fecundity (0.3415, 0.0494, 0.00) was tested by regression analysis and consequently the difference between groups were significant. This was determined that between fish weight and absolute fecundity relationship is weak directly proportional for each group, between fish weight and relative fecundity is weak inversely proportional in Group I and II, the Group III is weak for directly proportional.
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Zhang, Yulan, Shichang Kang, Michael Sprenger, Zhiyuan Cong, Tanguang Gao, Chaoliu Li, Shu Tao et al. "Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau". Cryosphere 12, n.º 2 (6 de fevereiro de 2018): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-413-2018.
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Abstract. Snow cover plays a key role for sustaining ecology and society in mountainous regions. Light-absorbing particulates (including black carbon, organic carbon, and mineral dust) deposited on snow can reduce surface albedo and contribute to the near-worldwide melting of snow and ice. This study focused on understanding the role of black carbon and other water-insoluble light-absorbing particulates in the snow cover of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results found that the black carbon, organic carbon, and dust concentrations in snow cover generally ranged from 202 to 17 468 ng g−1, 491 to 13 880 ng g−1, and 22 to 846 µg g−1, respectively, with higher concentrations in the central to northern areas of the TP. Back trajectory analysis suggested that the northern TP was influenced mainly by air masses from Central Asia with some Eurasian influence, and air masses in the central and Himalayan region originated mainly from Central and South Asia. The relative biomass-burning-sourced black carbon contributions decreased from ∼ 50 % in the southern TP to ∼ 30 % in the northern TP. The relative contribution of black carbon and dust to snow albedo reduction reached approximately 37 and 15 %, respectively. The effect of black carbon and dust reduced the snow cover duration by 3.1 ± 0.1 to 4.4 ± 0.2 days. Meanwhile, the black carbon and dust had important implications for snowmelt water loss over the TP. The findings indicate that the impacts of black carbon and mineral dust need to be properly accounted for in future regional climate projections, particularly in the high-altitude cryosphere.
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Ivanova, O. N., Sergey Alexandrovich Prokof'ev, Natalia Borisovna Smirnova, Yulia Vladimirovna Tishina, Tatiana Prokop'evna Bardymova, G. I. Danilova, T. V. Kovalenko et al. "PTPN22 polymorphisms associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in ethnic populations of Russian Federation". Diabetes mellitus 16, n.º 2 (15 de junho de 2013): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-3750.
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Aim. To evaluate the association of rs2476601 and rs2488457 polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in several ethnic populations of Russian Federation and to estimate the cross-populational differences of these polymorphisms.Materials and Methods. A case-control design was applied to study the aforementioned polymorphisms in five ethnic populations of Russian Federation: Bashkir, Yakut, Buryat, Udmurt, Russian. We analyzed DNA samples from 491 patients with T1DM and 408 control subjects. Polymorphisms were identified with RFLP-PCR and RT-PCR. Strength of association was evaluated as odds ratio (OR). All calculations were performed with StatSoft STATISTICA (version 6) and Microsoft Excel 2003 software applications.Results. PTPN22 1858Т+ genotypes were associated with T1DM in Udmurt, Russian and Bashkir populations and PTPN22 1123C+ genotype in Buryat population. We did not find any associations of PTPN22 gene polymorphisms with T1DM in Yakut population. Cross-ethnic comparison of polymorphism frequencies showed statistically significant differences. Allele frequency distribution in Buryat population significantly differs from that of other studied ethnic groups with G-1123C (rs2488457; 71.3%) being a significantly more common finding than C type allele. Russian population of Moscow and Moscow Region is also characterized by higher prevalence of Ttype allele (13%) in C1858Т (rs2476601) polymorphism.Conclusion. Ethnic populations of Asian regions of Russian Federation, characterized by lower rates of T1DM (Yakut and Buryat) demonstrated highest prevalence of G-allele in G-1123C (rs2488457) polymorphism. On the contrary, analyses from Russian population of Moscow and Moscow Region, known to have higher rates of T1DM, suggest higher prevalence of T-allele in C1858Т (rs2476601) polymorphism.
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Tjandraatmadja, M., I. C. MacRae e B. W. Norton. "Digestion by sheep of silages prepared from mixtures of tropical grasses and legumes". Journal of Agricultural Science 120, n.º 3 (junho de 1993): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600076577.
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SUMMARYFour silage diets were prepared from tropical grass and legume mixtures and fed to intestinally fistulated sheep to determine the sites and extent of digestion of the different silage components in the digestive tract. Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) was ensiled either alone or with the addition, 33% (w/w), of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv. Caloona). All forages were grown at the University of Queensland farm in 1985. All silages were well preserved as indicated by low pH (< 4·1), ammonia N (< 9% total N), acetic acid (< 13 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and ethanol (< 19 g/kg DM) contents, and high DM (> 290 g/kg) and lactic acid (> 41 g/kg DM) contents. The inclusion of leucaena and gliricidia significantly increased the total N content of the silages. The addition of legumes at ensiling significantly increased rumen ammonia N (pangola 59 mg N/l, legume diets 110–115 mg N/l) and the proportion of propionic acid in rumen fluid. Sheep given pangola + leucaena silages had significantly higher DM intakes (66·3 g/kg W0·75 per day) than sheep given pangola and pangola + cowpea silages (52·4 and 53·2 g/kg W0·75 per day respectively). The inclusion of gliricidia significantly depressed silage intake (43·1 g/kg W0·75 per day). There were no significant effects of diet on DM (551–609 g/kg) and organic matter (550–612 g/rkg) digestibility. Sheep given pangola + leucaena silages had higher N intakes, N balances, rates and efficiencies of microbial N synthesis and total non-ammonia N (NAN) flows to the small intestine than did sheep given the other silages. Apparent degradabilities of silage N in the rumen were similar for all diets (0·491–0·559 g N/kg N intake), but sheep given pangola + leucaena silages had lower true (corrected for endogenous N) N degradabilities (0·648 g N/kg N intake) than those given the other diets (0·751–0·775 g N/kg N intake). The values obtained in this experiment were compared with those reported for temperate grass silages, and it was concluded that whilst the digestibility of tropical grass/legume silages was low, intakes and rumen fermentation characteristics were similar to those found for temperate grass silages.
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Carlen, Eric A., e Elliott H. Lieb. "A trace inequality of Ando, Hiai, and Okubo and a monotonicity property of the Golden–Thompson inequality". Journal of Mathematical Physics 63, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2022): 062203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091111.
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The Golden–Thompson trace inequality, which states that Tr e H+ K ≤ Tr e H e K, has proved to be very useful in quantum statistical mechanics. Golden used it to show that the classical free energy is less than the quantum one. Here, we make this G–T inequality more explicit by proving that for some operators, notably the operators of interest in quantum mechanics, H = Δ or [Formula: see text] and K = potential, Tr e H+(1− u) K e uK is a monotone increasing function of the parameter u for 0 ≤ u ≤ 1. Our proof utilizes an inequality of Ando, Hiai, and Okubo (AHO): Tr X s Y t X1− s Y1− t ≤ Tr XY for positive operators X, Y and for [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. The obvious conjecture that this inequality should hold up to s + t ≤ 1 was proved false by Plevnik [Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 47, 491–500 (2016)]. We give a different proof of AHO and also give more counterexamples in the [Formula: see text] range. More importantly, we show that the inequality conjectured in AHO does indeed hold in the full range if X, Y have a certain positivity property—one that does hold for quantum mechanical operators, thus enabling us to prove our G–T monotonicity theorem.
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Charron, Craig S., Steven J. Britz, Roman M. Mirecki, Dawn J. Harrison, Beverly A. Clevidence e Janet A. Novotny. "Isotopic Labeling of Red Cabbage Anthocyanins with Atmospheric 13CO2". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 133, n.º 3 (maio de 2008): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.133.3.351.
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Isotopic labeling of plants provides a unique opportunity for understanding metabolic processes. A significant challenge of isotopic labeling during plant growth is that isotopes must be administered without disrupting plant development and at sufficient levels for mass spectral analysis. We describe a system for isotopic labeling of leafy vegetables with 13C and demonstrate successful incorporation of 13C into anthocyanins of preheading red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.). ‘Super Red’ red cabbage seedlings were grown for 34 days in an airtight acrylic labeling chamber supplied with 13CO2 to maintain 400 μL·L−1. Nutrient solution was delivered hydroponically without allowing infusion of natural CO2 into the labeling chamber. Plants were initially grown at 22 °C ± 1 °C in constant light of 228 μmol·m−2·s−1. Upon canopy closure, anthocyanin development was promoted by reducing the nutrient solution concentration and reducing the temperature to 10.5 °C ± 1.5 °C. Total shoot fresh weight (FW) was 1556 g and root FW was 491 g at harvest. Analysis of red cabbage shoot tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry indicated the presence of 37 anthocyanins, of which 14 are reported here for the first time. Mass shifts representing 13C incorporation into anthocyanins were evident in mass spectra of anthocyanins from labeled tissue and demonstrate successful isotopic labeling.
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Norsworthy, Jason K., Marilyn McClelland, Griff Griffith, Sanjeev K. Bangarwa e Joshua Still. "Evaluation of Legume Cover Crops and Weed Control Programs in Conservation-Tillage, Enhanced Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton". Weed Technology 24, n.º 3 (setembro de 2010): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-09-00037.1.
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Research was conducted at Marianna, AR, for 2 yr to determine whether hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea cover crops would aid weed management programs in conservation-tilled, enhanced glyphosate-resistant cotton. Both cover crops were easily established and produced rapid growth in early spring, with biomass production of 435 to 491 g m−2by Austrian winter pea and 415 to 438 g m−2by hairy vetch. The effect of cover crops on weed control was short-lived in both years, with herbicide programs being the major determinant of weed control and seed-cotton yield. Averaged over cover crops, seed-cotton yields when the initial in-crop glyphosate application was delayed to the four-node cotton stage were up to 710 kg ha−1less than in a PRE herbicide program. In 1 of 2 yr, seed-cotton yields were greater in PRE-treated plots compared with a program where initial weed management was delayed to the one-leaf stage of cotton. As a result of rapid decay of hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea biomass following cotton planting and the lack of adequate Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, and goosegrass control in the absence of herbicides, it appears there may be minimal weed management benefits from the use of hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea in Midsouth cotton production.
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Ramalho, Ricardo Pimentel, Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira, Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Véras, Djalma Cordeiro dos Santos, Carmem Valéria de Araújo Cavalcanti e Vitória Régia Ramos de Albuquerque Rocha. "Substituição do farelo de soja pela mistura raspa de mandioca e uréia em dietas para vacas mestiças em lactação". Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35, n.º 3 suppl (junho de 2006): 1212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982006000400036.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da substituição do farelo de soja pela mistura raspa de mandioca+uréia sobre o desempenho, o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em dietas à base de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica, Mill) e silagem de sorgo, oito vacas mestiças Holandês:Gir (60±30 dias em lactação e 491 kg de PV inicial) foram distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos (4 × 4). A mistura raspa de mandioca+uréia substituiu 0, 33, 67 e 100% do farelo de soja nas dietas. Os consumos de matéria seca (expressos em kg/dia, % do PV, g/kg0,75 do PV), MO, PB, EE, FDN e CHOT diminuíram linearmente com a inclusão da raspa de mandioca. As ingestões de FDN (%PV), FDA, CNF e NDT não foram afetadas pelos níveis de raspa de mandioca+uréia nas dietas. A inclusão de raspa de mandioca+uréia influenciou a digestibilidade aparente de todos os nutrientes, sendo descrita por função quadrática. A produção de leite, a produção de leite corrigida para 4,0% de gordura e a produção de gordura diminuíram linearmente em 30, 20 e 0,8 g/dia, respectivamente, enquanto o teor de gordura e a eficiência alimentar, em kg de leite corrigido para 4,0% de gordura/kg de MS, não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de substituição do farelo de soja na dieta.
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Tosquy-Valle, Óscar H., Valentín A. Esqueda-Esquivel, Andrés Vásquez-Hernández, Ana Bertha Vargas-García e Isaac Meneses-Márquez. "COMPORTAMIENTO DE COMPONENTES TECNOLÓGICOS EN ARROZ DE TEMPORAL EN EL ESTADO DE VERACRUZ". Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 28, n.º 1 (20 de março de 2005): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2005.1.77.
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En Veracruz, México, se siembra la variedad de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) Milagro Filipino en temporal, cuya demanda está restringida en la entidad. En su cultivo se utilizan grandes cantidades de propanil, lo cual ha ocasionado el desarrollo de zacates con resistencia a este herbicida; también se emplean grandes cantidades de fertilizantesquímicos que favorecen el desarrollo de maleza y la incidencia de fitopatógenos. Para mejorar la tecnología de producción, durante el temporal 2001 se estableció un experimento en dos localidades del centro del estado de Veracruz. Se utilizó el diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones y arreglo de tratamientos en parcelas subdivididas. Las parcelas grandes correspondieron a los genotipos Milagro Filipino y la línea II6911; las medianas a las mezclas de los herbicidas: pendimetalina + propanil (1600 + 2160 g i. a. ha-1) (testigo regional), clomazone + bispiribac-sodio (480 + 22 g i. a. ha-1) y clomazone + propanil (600 + 1440 g i. a. ha-1); y las parcelas chicas a los tratamientos de fertilización: 92N-46P-00K (testigo regional), biofertilizantes (Azospirillum brasilense + Glomus intraradix) inoculados a la semilla en dosis de 0.720 + 2.0 kg ha-1), 92N-46P-00K + biofertilizantes y 46N-23P-00K + biofertilizantes. Los resultados indicaron que II6911 y Milagro Filipino tuvieron un comportamiento similar en rendimiento de grano. El mejor control de maleza se obtuvo con clomazone + propanil y pendimetalina + propanil y con la primera se redujo en 33 % la dosis de propanil. No hubo respuesta significativa en componentes y rendimiento a la aplicación única de biofertilizantes. Los mayores rendimientos de grano se obtuvieron con 92N-46P00K + A. brasilense + G. intraradix y la fórmula 92N-46P-00K, pero la mejor relación beneficio/costo (1.59) y la mayor tasa de retorno (491 %), se obtuvieron con el primero de estos tratamientos.
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Kondrateva, Nadezhda, Anastasiya Osokina, Vasiliy Vashtiev, Daniil Buzmakov, Roman Bol'shin e Maria Krasnolutskaya. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PLANT FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF ENERGY-SAVING LIGHT TECHNOLOGY FOR GROWING GREATER WAX MOTH IN AN INDUSTRIAL SCALE". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, n.º 3 (21 de novembro de 2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-72-78.
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The larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) are not only a serious pest of bee colonies, but also a valuable raw material for the production of biologically active substances widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetology, food industry, animal feed, as well as a source of high-quality protein. We have developed an energy-saving installation for industrial insect cultivation, consisting of two modules: the first for butterflies (adults), the second for larvae, pupae and eggs. To implement energy-saving light technology, experiments with a large wax moth were carried out in the laboratory of Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The experiments were repeated 4 times. There were 20 specimens of G. mellonella in each experiment. The air temperature was maintained at 28° C, air humidity 50%. The influence of the duration and wavelength of radiation (400 nm, 491 nm, 546 nm and 577 nm) on the number of adults that moved to the module for butterflies and on the mass of laid eggs was studied. The radiation of 400 nm turned out to be the most effective, since 45% of butterflies moved to it and the mass of laid eggs was 32%, which is significantly higher than that of the radiation of 491, 546 and 577 nm. The duration of the radiation was 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 min. With an experiment duration of 60 min. 45% of the large wax moth is transferred to the butterfly module, with an experiment duration of 30 minutes. - 44%, and with an experiment duration of 10 minutes, 43% of the large wax moth moved. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain the operating time of LEDs with a wavelength of 400 nm for 30 minutes. The aim of the research is to develop an installation for the implementation of energy-saving light technology for the cultivation of larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) on an industrial scale
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Pan, Mingjie, Xingsheng Wang, Jianmin Liao, Dengke Yin, Suqin Li, Ying Pan, Yao Wang, Guangyan Xie, Shumin Zhang e Yuexi Li. "Prediction and Identification of Potential Immunodominant Epitopes in Glycoproteins B, C, E, G, and I of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2". Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/205313.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Twenty B candidate epitopes of glycoproteins B (gB2), C (gC2), E (gE2), G (gG2), and I (gI2) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were predicted using DNAstar, Biosun, and Antheprot methods combined with the polynomial method. Subsequently, the biological functions of the peptides were tested via experimentsin vitro. Among the 20 epitope peptides, 17 could react with the antisera to the corresponding parent proteins in the EIA tests. In particular, five peptides, namely, gB2466–473(EQDRKPRN), gC2216–223(GRTDRPSA), gE2483–491(DPPERPDSP), gG2572–579(EPPDDDDS), and gI2286-295(CRRRYRRPRG) had strong reaction with the antisera. All conjugates of the five peptides with the carrier protein BSA could stimulate mice into producing antibodies. The antisera to these peptides reacted strongly with the corresponding parent glycoproteins during the Western Blot tests, and the peptides reacted strongly with the antibodies against the parent glycoproteins during the EIA tests. The antisera against the five peptides could neutralize HSV-2 infectionin vitro, which has not been reported until now. These results suggest that the immunodominant epitopes screened using software algorithms may be used for virus diagnosis and vaccine design against HSV-2.
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Officer, D. I., E. S. Batterham e D. J. Farrell. "Comparison of growth performance and nutrient retention of weaner pigs given diets based on casein, free amino acids or conventional proteins". British Journal of Nutrition 77, n.º 5 (maio de 1997): 731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970071.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In two experiments the potential value of diets based on casein or free amino acids (FAA) for amino acid utilization experiments were examined. In Expt 1 the optimum dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) for a casein-based diet was estimated by supplemention with 10 or 20 g NaHCO3/kg, to produce diets containing 64, 183 or 302 mmol/kg. In addition, piglet growth performance and efficiency of nutrient deposition of piglets given the casein diets were compared with two multiple protein source diets; Supercreep, a commercial multiple protein source diet or CFS (casein-fish-soyabean-sugar) or a FAA-based diet. Expt 2 was designed to compare piglet response to FAA diet stored at - 15° with twice daily feeding, with FAA diet stored at ambient temperature (13–30°) and offered ad libitum. A CFS diet was used as a positive control and the experiment was conducted over the 10–20 kg growth phase. Expt 1 used forty-eight piglets weaned at 20–22 d of age and allocated to one of six treatments formulated to contain at least 0·84 g lysine/MJ digestible energy in a randomized block design. Piglets given the CFS and Supercreep diets produced superior growth rates (518, 491 g/d) to those given a FAA diet (353 g/d) or casein diet containing 0, 10 or 20 g NaHCO3/kg respectively (365,417,390 g/d) between 5 and 20 kg live weight. Piglets given the casein and FAA diets had higher amino acid digestibilities than those given the Supercreep and CFS diets.The increase in the dEB of the casein diet from 64 to 183 mmol/kg improved piglet growth performance between 5 and 20 kg by 14%. All piglets given casein diets had similar ileal and faecal digestibilities, empty-body compositions, nutrient deposition rates and retention ratios. The results of Expt 2 showed that there was no beneficial effect on piglet performance of storing the FAA diet at -15° and feeding twice daily. Based on the results of these two experiments, neither the casein (0, 10, 20 g NaHCO3/kg) nor FAA diets were suitable for estimating amino acid utilization by the piglet. There remain unidentified factors which limit the growth performance of piglets given the casein and FAA diets.