Artigos de revistas: "Fundamental theories"

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Comay, Eliahu. "Fundamental Concepts of Quantum Theories". OALib 07, n.º 12 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106970.

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Mushyrovska, Nataliia, Inna Kholod, Oksana Neher, Iryna Zozulia e Iryna Pavliuk. "Fundamental cognitive-semantic theories in linguistics". Eduweb 16, n.º 3 (28 de setembro de 2022): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.19.

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The article studies fundamental cognitive-semantic theories (Langacker, Lakoff, Fillmore, Croft) used in linguistics. The paper shows the use of ideas that can change the educational system with the aim of improving the teaching of linguistic disciplines in higher education. The relevance of the study is to improve the education quality for linguistics specialists and the possibility of implementing the study results to improve the teaching methodology. Particular focus is on the theories, tools, and methods of teaching foreign languages, which are essential components of quality learning and the formation of knowledge and skills among students of linguistic specialties. The study aims to systematize the theoretical foundations and directions of the cognitive-semantic theory in linguistics to determine the relevance of teaching this theory to the educational process. In the course of the study, general scientific methods of knowledge are applied, in particular analysis and synthesis of theoretical and practical information, as well as methods of questioning and statistical methods of analysis. The hypothesis of the study: the system of basic theoretical innovations used in the complex of cognitive-semantic theories is effective in the field of humanities research. It is an effective tool in the learning process in process of learning foreign languages. The result of the study is to determine the need to study theories of linguistics, which represent effective directions in the postmodern mainstream. The article shows the place of cognitive-semantic theories in the modern practice of teaching foreign languages. The study’s practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the results in constructing foreign language learning methodologies in higher education institutions.

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Martynov, Georgy A. "New Books: Fundamental Theories of Physics". Physics Essays 12, n.º 1 (março de 1999): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3025368.

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Mendes, R. V. "Deformations, stable theories and fundamental constants". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 27, n.º 24 (21 de dezembro de 1994): 8091–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/27/24/019.

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Berson, Jerome A. "Fundamental theories and their empirical patches". Foundations of Chemistry 10, n.º 3 (20 de junho de 2008): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10698-008-9046-5.

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Ali, Fariza Azkiya. "SOME FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS". EXPOSURE : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS 7, n.º 1 (21 de maio de 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/exposure.v7i1.1068.

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This paper study explains about some fundamental theories of Critical Discourse Analysis such as focus on dominance relations by elite groups and institutions as they are being ordained and the overt sociopolitical stance of discourse analysis. Context social structure: Situations of discursive interaction are similarly part or constitutive of social structure; for example, a press conference may be a typical repetition of organizations and media institutions. That is, “local” and more “global” contexts are closely related, and both exercise constraints on discourse. Personal and social cognition: Language users as social actors have both personal and social cognition: personal memories, knowledge and opinions, as well as those shared with members of the group or culture as a whole. Both types of cognition inﬂuence interaction 006 and discourse of individual members, whereas shared “social representations” govern the collective actions of a group.

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Lascar, Daniel, e Anand Pillay. "Forking and fundamental order in simple theories". Journal of Symbolic Logic 64, n.º 3 (setembro de 1999): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586623.

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Bartelt, N. C. "Testing the Fundamental Theories of Surface Dynamics". MRS Bulletin 27, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2002): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.302.

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AbstractThe following article is based on the MRS Medal talk by Norm Bartelt (Sandia National Laboratories, California), presented at the 2001 Materials Research Society Fall Meeting on November 29 in Boston. Bartelt received the Medal for his “contributions to the statistical mechanics of materials surfaces.” A long-standing goal of materials science research has been to predict the long-term evolution of the microstructure of materials from a knowledge of atomic processes. This is usually extremely difficult to do in any detail because of the large number of atomic processes to consider, many of which are poorly understood. On solid surfaces, however, progress in the prediction of microstructural evolution can now be made because of advances in real-time microscopy that allow the characterization of the time evolution of microstructure in unprecedented detail. These observations directly reveal the complex relationships between collective thermal fluctuations on atomic scales and deterministic behavior on macroscopic scales. In this presentation, attempts to construct models of these observations are discussed.

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Bai, ShaoPing, DeZhen Song, JiZhong Xiao, Trung Dung Ngo e YongSheng Ou. "Fundamental Theories and Practice in Service Robotics". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/583286.

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Liu, Ying, Yan Zhang, Qing Yang, Simiao Niu e Zhong Lin Wang. "Fundamental theories of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics". Nano Energy 14 (maio de 2015): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.051.

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Liu, Dong H. "Logical Structure School I (Five Fundamental Theories)". Intelligent Control and Automation 15, n.º 04 (2024): 125–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ica.2024.154008.

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Werth, G., Th Beier, S. Djekic, H. J. Kluge, W. Quint, T. Valenzuela, J. Verdu e M. Vogel. "Precision studies in traps: Measurement of fundamental constants and tests of fundamental theories". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 205 (maio de 2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(03)00528-7.

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Gkika, Despina A., Athanasios C. Mitropoulos e George Z. Kyzas. "How Economic Theories Shape Chemical Technology Profile". ChemEngineering 8, n.º 5 (9 de setembro de 2024): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering8050091.

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The chemical industry, a cornerstone of the global economy essential for modern life, has raised significant concerns due to its unique nature. Chemical technologies often require high energy inputs, involving ecotoxic reagents thus assessing risks from an economic standpoint becomes complex. While the economic aspects of chemical technologies have been discussed and economic tools have been used to inform investment decisions in this field, many fundamental issues remain unexplored, such as the clear definition of chemical technology economics and the reasons for its importance. The primary contribution of this article is to synthesize insights into these fundamental issues and propose pathways for future research in chemical technology economics. This review is divided into two sections: the first provides an overview of the significance of economic factors in chemical technologies, and the second explores the fundamentals of economics and their application to chemical technology considerations. Our research underscores that economic theories significantly influence the profile of chemical technologies, viewing the chemical sector as a dual asset. First, the sector has a unique opportunity to lead the way in promoting sustainable economic development, and second, it can adopt economic behaviors that align with environmental and societal needs.

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Rafiq, Shahnawaz, e Gregory D. Scholes. "From Fundamental Theories to Quantum Coherences in Electron Transfer". Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, n.º 2 (9 de novembro de 2018): 708–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b09059.

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Pap, A., e P. Suranyi. "Gauge theories induced by bosons in the fundamental representation". Physical Review D 55, n.º 11 (1 de junho de 1997): 6743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.55.6743.

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Landau, Susana J., e Hector Vucetich. "Testing Theories That Predict Time Variation of Fundamental Constants". Astrophysical Journal 570, n.º 2 (10 de maio de 2002): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/339775.

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Genovese, Dario, e Isaac Elishakoff. "Shear deformable rod theories and fundamental principles of mechanics". Archive of Applied Mechanics 89, n.º 10 (7 de maio de 2019): 1995–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-019-01556-7.

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Suranyi, P. "Solution of gauge theories induced by fundamental representation scalars". Physical Review D 57, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 1998): 5084–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.57.5084.

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19

Kiem, Young-Hoon. "Localizing virtual fundamental cycles for semi-perfect obstruction theories". International Journal of Mathematics 29, n.º 04 (abril de 2018): 1850032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x18500325.

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Recently, Chang and Li generalized the theory of virtual fundamental class to the setting of semi-perfect obstruction theory. A semi-perfect obstruction theory requires only the local existence of a perfect obstruction theory with compatibility conditions. In this paper, we generalize the torus localization of Graber–Pandharipande [T. Graber and R. Pandharipande, Localization of virtual cycles, Invent. Math. 135(2) (1999) 487–518], the cosection localization [Y.-H. Kiem and J. Li, Localizing virtual cycles by cosections, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 26(4) (2013) 1025–1050] and their combination [H.-L. Chang, Y.-H. Kiem and J. Li, Torus localization and wall crossing for cosection localized virtual cycles, Adv. Math. 308 (2017) 964–986], to the setting of semi-perfect obstruction theory. As an application, we show that the Jiang-Thomas theory [Y. Jiang and R. Thomas, Virtual signed Euler characteristics, preprint (2014), arXiv:1408.2541] of virtual signed Euler characteristic works without the technical quasi-smoothness assumption from derived algebraic geometry.

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MAEDA, KEI-ICHI. "ON TIME VARIATION OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS IN SUPERSTRING THEORIES". Modern Physics Letters A 03, n.º 03 (fevereiro de 1988): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388000295.

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Assuming the action from the string theory and taking into account the dynamical freedom of a dilaton and its coupling to matter fluid, we show that fundamental ‘constants’ in string theories are independent of the ‘radius’ of the internal space. Since the scalar related to the ‘constants’ is coupled to the 4-dimensional gravity and matter fluid in the same way as in the Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory with ω=−1, it must be massive and can get a mass easily through some symmetry breaking mechanism (e.g. the SUSY breaking due to a gluino condensation). Consequently, time variation of fundamental constants is too small to be observed.

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Si, Yifan, Cunlong Yu, Zhichao Dong e Lei Jiang. "Wetting and spreading: Fundamental theories to cutting-edge applications". Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 36 (julho de 2018): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2017.12.006.

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NAVILIAT-CUNCIC, OSCAR. "Mirror symmetry and fundamental interactions". European Review 13, S2 (22 de agosto de 2005): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798705000633.

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Our modern representation of elementary processes considers that all physical phenomena result from the interplay of four fundamental interactions: the gravitational attraction, the electromagnetic force, the strong interaction and the weak interaction. Formally, the quantum mechanical description of elementary processes introduces the concept of discrete symmetry, illustrated for instance by space and time inversions. Discrete symmetries play a central role in the elaboration of theories and models, and have profound consequences in the predictions of these theories. For nearly 50 years, it has been observed that, of the four fundamental interactions, only the weak interaction violates mirror symmetry, and all observations so far indicate that it does so in a so-called maximal way. Despite overwhelming evidence of mirror-symmetry breaking, the search for a possibly underlying left–right symmetry has been pursued for many years by dedicated experiments. In this paper we review the context of mirror symmetry breaking in the weak interaction, we describe its interpretation in the framework of the standard model of particle physics and describe current efforts to identify the restoration of the left–right symmetry.

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HA, YUAN K. "SEVERE CHALLENGES IN GRAVITY THEORIES". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 07 (janeiro de 2012): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512004291.

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Gravity is specifically the attractive force between two masses separated at a distance. Is this force a derived or a fundamental interaction? We believe that all fundamental interactions are quantum in nature but a derived interaction may be classical. Severe challenges have appeared in many quantum theories of gravity. None of these theories has thus far attained its goal in quantizing gravity and some have met remarkable defeat. We are led to ponder whether gravitation is intrinsically classical and that there would exist a deeper and structurally different underlying theory which would give rise to classical gravitation, in the sense that statistical mechanics, quantum or classical, provides the underlying theory of classical thermodynamics.

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Cabral, Francisco, Francisco S. N. Lobo e Diego Rubiera-Garcia. "Fundamental Symmetries and Spacetime Geometries in Gauge Theories of Gravity—Prospects for Unified Field Theories". Universe 6, n.º 12 (11 de dezembro de 2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6120238.

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Gravity can be formulated as a gauge theory by combining symmetry principles and geometrical methods in a consistent mathematical framework. The gauge approach to gravity leads directly to non-Euclidean, post-Riemannian spacetime geometries, providing the adequate formalism for metric-affine theories of gravity with curvature, torsion and non-metricity. In this paper, we analyze the structure of gauge theories of gravity and consider the relation between fundamental geometrical objects and symmetry principles as well as different spacetime paradigms. Special attention is given to Poincaré gauge theories of gravity, their field equations and Noether conserved currents, which are the sources of gravity. We then discuss several topics of the gauge approach to gravitational phenomena, namely, quadratic Poincaré gauge models, the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory, the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity, quadratic metric-affine Lagrangians, non-Lorentzian connections, and the breaking of Lorentz invariance in the presence of non-metricity. We also highlight the probing of post-Riemannian geometries with test matter. Finally, we briefly discuss some perspectives regarding the role of both geometrical methods and symmetry principles towards unified field theories and a new spacetime paradigm, motivated from the gauge approach to gravity.

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Bhandari, Medani P. "The Fundamental Principles of Social Sciences". Business Ethics and Leadership 7, n.º 2 (2023): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.7(2).73-86.2023.

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This paper provides an overview of the fundamental principles of social sciences, encompassing a wide range of academic disciplines dedicated to studying human society and human relationships. Drawing from the author’s understanding of social sciences, it offers a comprehensive examination of key concepts and highlights the significance of social science theories and practices. The paper begins by elucidating the definitions of social sciences, emphasizing their interdisciplinary nature and their focus on understanding societal dynamics. It explores the contributions of major thinkers in the field of social sciences, showcasing their intellectual impact and influential ideas. Furthermore, it presents a selection of notable social science thinkers from the 21st century, illustrating the ongoing evolution of the discipline. A core aspect of the paper focuses on the significant role of social scientists in contributing to societal development. It explores their diverse areas of expertise and the application of their research findings to address social issues and shape public policies. Additionally, the paper delves into the main theories and theoretical developments within social sciences, including the theory of governance, governmentality, network theory, and environmentalism. It specifically addresses the intersection of social sciences with climate change, highlighting the unique challenges and perspectives offered by this field. Sustainable development emerges as a prominent discipline within social sciences, with its emphasis on balancing economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. The paper explores its relevance in addressing pressing global challenges. Moreover, it examines the emergence of new theories and practices within social sciences, presenting a glimpse of the evolving landscape of research and scholarship. Considering the future direction of social science research and practices, the paper offers insights into potential areas of exploration and the evolving nature of research methodologies. It addresses key research questions, such as what, why, how, when, where, and for whom, providing a framework for comprehensive inquiry. This paper provides a broad overview of social sciences, elucidating key principles, theories, and notable contributions to societal development. By examining the past and present, it also outlines the potential future trajectory of social science research and practices, shedding light on the significance and relevance of this dynamic field.

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Drobňák, Matej. "Naturalness of Properties and Simplicity of Theories". Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 41, n.º 1 (26 de agosto de 2019): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2019.408.

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In this paper, I discuss a specific approach to measuring and comparing the simplicity of theories that is based on Lewis’s notion of fundamental properties. In particular, I discuss the criterion of simplicity as stated by Williams. According to Williams, the best candidate for a theory is the one which has the shortest definition in terms of fundamental properties. The aim of this paper is to show that the criterion thus specified has two constraints. First, the criterion is not applicable to cases in which candidates for theories that specify fundamental properties are compared. Secondly, the applicability of the criterion in social sciences seems to be unwarranted.

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Trachenko, K., e V. V. Brazhkin. "Minimal quantum viscosity from fundamental physical constants". Science Advances 6, n.º 17 (abril de 2020): eaba3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba3747.

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Viscosity of fluids is strongly system dependent, varies across many orders of magnitude, and depends on molecular interactions and structure in a complex way not amenable to first-principles theories. Despite the variations and theoretical difficulties, we find a new quantity setting the minimal kinematic viscosity of fluids: νm=14πℏmem, where me and m are electron and molecule masses. We subsequently introduce a new property, the “elementary” viscosity ι with the lower bound set by fundamental physical constants and notably involving the proton-to-electron mass ratio: ιm=ℏ4π(mpme)12, where mp is the proton mass. We discuss the connection of our result to the bound found by Kovtun, Son, and Starinets in strongly interacting field theories.

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Landau, Susana J. "Variation of fundamental constants and white dwarfs". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S357 (outubro de 2019): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320000447.

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AbstractTheories that attempt to unify the four fundamental interactions and alternative theories of gravity predict time and/or spatial variation of the fundamental constants of nature. Different versions of these theories predict different behaviours for these variations. As a consequence, experimental and observational bounds are an important tool to check the validity of such proposals. In this paper, we review constraints on the possible variation of the fundamental constants from astronomical observations and geophysical experiments designed to test the constancy of the fundamental constants of nature over different timescales. We also focus on the limits that can be obtained from white dwarfs, which can constrain the variation of the constants with the gravitational potential.

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Vladimirov, Yu S. "FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL THEORIES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION". Metafizika, n.º 3 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2020-3-10-25.

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The key physical categories used in modern physics are highlighted, the presence of three main paradigms in fundamental theoretical physics is shown, and on this basis the classification of physical theories is made. The close connection between the foundations of fundamental physics and the principles of metaphysics is demonstrated. The foregoing is illustrated with 3-dimensional drawings.

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Ván, P. "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics: emergent and fundamental". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, n.º 2170 (30 de março de 2020): 20200066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0066.

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How can we derive the evolution equations of dissipative systems? What is the relation between the different approaches? How much do we understand the fundamental aspects of a second law based framework? Is there a hierarchy of dissipative and ideal theories at all? How far can we reach with the new methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics? This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fundamental aspects of nonequilibrium thermodynamics’.

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Garat, Alcides. "The new electromagnetic tetrads, infinite tetrad nesting and the non-trivial emergence of complex numbers in real theories of gravitation". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, n.º 09 (2 de agosto de 2017): 1750132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817501328.

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How complex numbers get into play in a non-trivial way in real theories of gravitation is relevant since in a unified structure they should be able to relate in a natural way with quantum theories. For a long time this issue has been lingering on both relativistic formulations and quantum theories. We will analyze this fundamental subject under the light of new group isomorphism theorems linking local internal groups of transformations and local groups of spacetime transformations. The bridge between these two kinds of transformations is represented by new tetrads introduced previously. It is precisely through these local tetrad structures that we will provide a non-trivial answer to this old issue. These new tetrads have two fundamental building components, the skeletons and the gauge vectors. It is these constructive elements that provide the mathematical support that allows to prove group isomorphism theorems. In addition to this, we will prove a unique new property, the infinite tetrad nesting, alternating the nesting with non-Abelian tetrads in the construction of the tetrad gauge vectors. As an application we will demonstrate an alternative proof of a new group isomorphism theorem.

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Musielak, Z. E., J. L. Fry e G. W. Kanan. "New fundamental dynamical equation for higher derivative quantum field theories". Advanced Studies in Theoretical Physics 9 (2015): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/astp.2015.511.

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Polyakov, Sergey D. "Fundamental Principles of Pedagogical and Psychological Theories of Social Education". Ser. Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology 5, n.º 3 (24 de setembro de 2016): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2016-5-3-260-269.

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Baron, Teresa. "A lost cause? Fundamental problems for causal theories of parenthood". Bioethics 34, n.º 7 (5 de fevereiro de 2020): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12719.

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Paniak, L. D. "Order parameter for confinement in largeNgauge theories with fundamental matter". Physical Review D 56, n.º 10 (15 de novembro de 1997): 6566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.56.6566.

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Merker, Bjorn, Iain Morley e Willem Zuidema. "Five fundamental constraints on theories of the origins of music". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, n.º 1664 (19 de março de 2015): 20140095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0095.

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The diverse forms and functions of human music place obstacles in the way of an evolutionary reconstruction of its origins. In the absence of any obvious homologues of human music among our closest primate relatives, theorizing about its origins, in order to make progress, needs constraints from the nature of music, the capacities it engages, and the contexts in which it occurs. Here we propose and examine five fundamental constraints that bear on theories of how music and some of its features may have originated. First, cultural transmission, bringing the formal powers of cultural as contrasted with Darwinian evolution to bear on its contents. Second, generativity, i.e. the fact that music generates infinite pattern diversity by finite means. Third, vocal production learning, without which there can be no human singing. Fourth, entrainment with perfect synchrony, without which there is neither rhythmic ensemble music nor rhythmic dancing to music. And fifth, the universal propensity of humans to gather occasionally to sing and dance together in a group, which suggests a motivational basis endemic to our biology. We end by considering the evolutionary context within which these constraints had to be met in the genesis of human musicality.

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Pan, Shuaihang, e Zhinan Zhang. "Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review". Friction 7, n.º 1 (10 de agosto de 2018): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0217-7.

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Fry, J. L., e Z. E. Musielak. "Fundamental theories of waves and particles formulated without classical mass". Annals of Physics 325, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2010): 2668–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2010.06.004.

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Capozziello, Salvatore, Vesna Borka Jovanović, Duško Borka e Predrag Jovanović. "Constraining theories of gravity by fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies". Physics of the Dark Universe 29 (setembro de 2020): 100573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2020.100573.

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ZAMORA BONILLA, Jesús. "Pure intuition: Miranda Fricker on the economy of prejudice". THEORIA 23, n.º 1 (2008): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.9.

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Two aspects of Miranda Fricker's book are criticised: the implicit assumption that ethical theory can solve fundamental problems in epistemology, and the excessive reliance on testimony as a fundamental source of knowledge. Against the former, it is argued that ethical theories are based on cultural prejudices to a higher extent than epistemological theories. Against the latter, argumentation is proposed as a more important epistemic practice than testimony.

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Anderson, Michael L. "Neural reuse: A fundamental organizational principle of the brain". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, n.º 4 (agosto de 2010): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10000853.

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AbstractAn emerging class of theories concerning the functional structure of the brain takes the reuse of neural circuitry for various cognitive purposes to be a central organizational principle. According to these theories, it is quite common for neural circuits established for one purpose to be exapted (exploited, recycled, redeployed) during evolution or normal development, and be put to different uses, often without losing their original functions. Neural reuse theories thus differ from the usual understanding of the role of neuralplasticity(which is, after all, a kind of reuse) in brain organization along the following lines: According to neural reuse, circuits can continue to acquire new uses after an initial or original function is established; the acquisition of new uses need not involve unusual circumstances such as injury or loss of established function; and the acquisition of a new use need not involve (much) local change to circuit structure (e.g., it might involve only the establishment of functional connections to new neural partners). Thus, neural reuse theories offer a distinct perspective on several topics of general interest, such as: the evolution and development of the brain, including (for instance) the evolutionary-developmental pathway supporting primate tool use and human language; the degree of modularity in brain organization; the degree of localization of cognitive function; and the cortical parcellation problem and the prospects (and proper methods to employ) for function to structure mapping. The idea also has some practical implications in the areas of rehabilitative medicine and machine interface design.

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Clayton, M. A. "Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theories in Hamiltonian Form". International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, n.º 13 (20 de maio de 1997): 2437–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97001420.

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The dynamics of a class of nonsymmetric gravitational theories are presented in Hamiltonian form. The derivation begins with the first-order action, treating the generalized connection coefficients as the canonical coordinates and the densitized components of the inverse of the fundamental tensor as conjugate momenta. The phase space of the symmetric sector is enlarged over that of conventional treatments of general relativity by a canonical pair that represents the metric density and its conjugate, removable by imposing strongly an associated pair of second-class constraints and introducing Dirac brackets. In the antisymmetric sector, all six components of the fundamental tensor contribute conjugate pairs for the massive theory, and the absence of additional constraints gives six configuration space degrees of freedom per space–time point.

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Ren, Yu Jia, Si Yuan Tang, Chun Yan Li e Guo Yi Guo. "Teaching Researches on the Network Curriculum of Fundamental Nursing Based on Implicit Theories". Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (setembro de 2011): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.375.

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Objective The paper is designed to launch teaching researches on the network curriculum of Fundamental Nursing that based on implicit theories. Method 180 students of nursing major are randomly assigned into the experimental group and the contrast group, with 90 students for each group. In skill teaching of Fundamental Nursing, the contrast group has employed the traditional teaching method, while the experimental group puts into use web-oriented teaching mode is based on implicit theories. Result Through analysis, we have found that students’ exanimation results and evaluations on the teaching method of nursing skills in the experimental groups are visibly better than that in the contrast group (P<0.01). Moreover, experimental group’s interest in skill training is also higher than students of the contrast group. Conclusion Network curriculum of Fundamental Nursing based on implicit theories is quite helpful in improving students’ operating skills in Fundamental Nursing, which also complies with students’ psychological needs. Furthermore, the author holds that, to launch teaching activities based on implicit theories is an effective method for cultivating high-quality nurses.

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Segal, Gabriel M. A. "Two Theories of Names". Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 51 (março de 2002): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100008092.

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The aim of this paper is to assess the relative merits of two accounts of the semantics of proper names. The enterprise is of particular interest because the theories are very similar in fundamental respects. In particular, they can agree on three major features of names: names are rigid designators; different co-extensive names can have different cognitive significance; empty proper names can be meaningful. Neither theory by itself offers complete explanations of all three features. But each theory is consistent with them and goes some way towards explaining them.

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Fu, Yaoshun, e Wensheng Yu. "Formalization of the Equivalence among Completeness Theorems of Real Number in Coq". Mathematics 9, n.º 1 (25 de dezembro de 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9010038.

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The formalization of mathematics based on theorem prover becomes increasingly important in mathematics and computer science, and, particularly, formalizing fundamental mathematical theories becomes especially essential. In this paper, we describe the formalization in Coq of eight very representative completeness theorems of real numbers. These theorems include the Dedekind fundamental theorem, Supremum theorem, Monotone convergence theorem, Nested interval theorem, Finite cover theorem, Accumulation point theorem, Sequential compactness theorem, and Cauchy completeness theorem. We formalize the real number theory strictly following Landau’s Foundations of Analysis where the Dedekind fundamental theorem can be proved. We extend this system and complete the related notions and properties for finiteness and sequence. We prove these theorems in turn from Dedekind fundamental theorem, and finally prove the Dedekind fundamental theorem by the Cauchy completeness theorem. The full details of formal proof are checked by the proof assistant Coq, which embodies the characteristics of reliability and interactivity. This work can lay the foundation for many applications, especially in calculus and topology.

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McNamee, David. "Fundamental Law, Fundamental Rights, and Constitutional Time". Indiana Law Review 55, n.º 2 (5 de dezembro de 2022): 319–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/26847.

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This Article lays the groundwork for a novel theory giving citizens pride of place in constitutional interpretation—as voters and jurors, deliberators and disobedients, and more. My account adopts different answers to two basic questions that divide it from other prevailing theories: first, that citizens, rather than judges, shoulder primary responsibility for interpreting principles of fundamental law; and second, that fidelity to their Constitution requires, above all, keeping faith with their fellow citizens across constitutional time. This approach conceives of the Citizens’ Constitution as an enduring social contract. In setting the stage for this account, I advance several related claims that carry independent weight as theoretical contributions. First, the Citizens’ Constitution as Fundamental Law is a distinct and vitally important domain of constitutional principles, which are accessible and justifiable to citizens’ common reason, and which ground their pervasive disagreements. Second, propositions of fundamental law can be understood in another register—as propositions about constitutional time, relating the constitutional present to its past and future. Third, these propositions about constitutional time are moral arguments of a certain kind: arguments about constitutional justice, about what we share as citizens andparticipants in an enduring enterprise and what makes the Constitution worthy of our allegiance. Finally, together these claims point the way to a recognitional account of fundamental rights that deepens their connection to constitutional justice, even as it generates a measure of commonality across pitched value disagreements.

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Islam, Md Tariqul. "Revisiting the Fundamental Theories of Corporate Governance: Do the Westernized Models Fit Emerging Economies?" International Journal of Scientific and Management Research 05, n.º 09 (2022): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2022.5902.

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The study revisits the fundamental theories of corporate governance, such as agency theory, stakeholder theory, stewardship theory, and resource dependence theory. Each of the theories identifies the nature of the relationship between the owners and managers and proposes courses of action that could be implemented to foster organizational outcomes. Although there exist differences in views among the proponents of the governance philosophies, these theories are essentially developed for the countries in which diffused ownership pattern is the standard. Following the standardized theories, many developing countries have also adopted Westernised models. However, the outcome of incorporating the mechanisms is inconclusive. Therefore, this study suggests developing codes of governance that prioritizes the prevailing cultural, economic, and institutional dynamics of emerging economies.

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Calmet, Xavier, e Matthias Keller. "Cosmological evolution of fundamental constants: From theory to experiment". Modern Physics Letters A 30, n.º 22 (3 de julho de 2015): 1540028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315400283.

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In this paper, we discuss a possible cosmological time evolution of fundamental constants from the theoretical and experimental point of views. On the theoretical side, we explain that such a cosmological time evolution is actually something very natural which can be described by mechanisms similar to those used to explain cosmic inflation. We then discuss implications for grand unified theories, showing that the unification condition of the gauge coupling could evolve with cosmological time. Measurements of the electron-to-proton mass ratio can test grand unified theories using low energy data. Following the theoretical discussion, we review the current status of precision measurements of fundamental constants and their potential cosmological time dependence.

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Matos, Bruno. "A Theological Consideration of the Fundamental Option and Moral Epistemology". Nova prisutnost XX, n.º 2 (15 de julho de 2022): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31192/np.20.2.14.

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The paper analyses the justification of personal integrity in ethical theories in contemporary moral epistemology. In the first chapter we present a theological consideration of the fundamental option that illustrates the complexity of agency of moral knowledge in the epistemic evaluation of a moral act as a specifically human conduct. Then, in the second chapter we briefly describe the inference and the structure of moral knowledge in ethical theories. In the last chapter, we argue why our personal integrity, our own understanding of it in self-estimation is related to the possibility of moral knowledge. We claim that moral knowledge is crucial in development of moral integrity of a person. The speculations on the possibility of their inference and cognitive capacity reflect on the epistemic disposition of the human being as a moral agent. Although ethical theories have offered a scientifically and methodologically precise frame to justify the truthfulness of moral knowledge and judgments, they have not anticipated the important fact of integrity between the intention, free will and practical reason.

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Ding, Song-Yuan, En-Ming You, Zhong-Qun Tian e Martin Moskovits. "Electromagnetic theories of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy". Chemical Society Reviews 46, n.º 13 (2017): 4042–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00238f.

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