Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "French Production"
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Gavard, Karen. "Gender differences and oral production in French immersion". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19717.
Texto completo da fonteShaeffer, Alexandra Courtney. "Complaints in L2 French: perception and production across social contexts". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6500.
Texto completo da fonteGavoille, Nicolas. "Individuals matter : three essays on French politicians". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G011/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is to explicitly introduce the decision-maker into the empirical analysis of different political processes in the French context. Three cases are successively analyzed,each raising a specific problematic. The first chapter focuses on French municipalities. A new original dataset, covering mayors of municipalities of more than 10,000 inhabitants over the period 2000-2012, underpins the study. The objective is to investigate to what extentthe mayor’s personal influence on the investment policy affects his/her reelection probability. Results show that this information plays a significant role only in small municipalities. Chapter twostudies the French legislative production, exploiting another original dataset. A dual cycle of the production of laws emerges, connected to both the presidential and the legislative elections. A link between government members’ personal characteristics and legislative output is established. Finally, chapter three investigates the relationship between electoral competition and political selection. A third important dataset providing data about the individual parliamentary work of the deputies over the period 1958-2012 allows such an analysis. Resultsindicate that deputies elected in contested districts have a higher overall productivity. The intensity of the relationship reached its peak in the 1980’s, but is continuously decreasing since then
Préfontaine, Yvonne Marie. "Fluency in French : a psycholinguistic study of second language speech production and perception". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658086.
Texto completo da fonteTaitt, Glenroy Ruthven Peter. "'Jardin Creole' : domestic food production by the peasantry in Trinidad and Guadeloupe, 1897-1946". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307731.
Texto completo da fonteMacDonald, Rachel Margaret Mary. "Counteracting age related effects in L2 acquisition : training to distinguish between French vowels". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7979.
Texto completo da fontePrudencio, Da Silva Junior Vamilson. "Effects of intensity and scale of production on environmental impacts of poultry meat production chains : Life Cycle Assessment of French and Brazilian poultry production scenarios". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSARB221.
Texto completo da fonteCurrently, livestock production is increasing significantly in response to growing demand, resulting from economic and population growth mainly in emerging economies. Recently, Brazil overtook France as a poultry exporter. The Brazilian poultry sector is booming, resulting in increased poultry density in certain areas of the country. Meanwhile, in France the poultry sector is contracting due to direct competition with emerging economies that can offer the product for the European and Middle East market at a lower cost. Concern about the environmental impacts associated with poultry production requires the study of poultry production systems, employing appropriate methodologies. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a methodology that provides a solid scientific background to perform a multicriteria quantification of livestock production systems’ environmental impacts. The LCA approach uses a concept based on input/output accounting throughout the product life cycle, often revealing that meat production in intensive livestock systems optimizes the use of resources, generating less impact per kg of product than in extensive systems. The scientific objective of this work is to analyse the effects of “intensity” and “scale” of production on the environmental impacts of poultry production chains through a comparison of contrasting chicken meat production chains. Intensity refers to production practices aiming to increase output per animal and/or unit of land occupied, intensive systems use higher levels of inputs (fertilizer, feed, buildings) than extensive systems. Intensive systems often have a higher density (greater number of animals per m²) than extensive systems. The production scale represents the size of production facilities (buildings) and the number of animals raised on the same farm. The LCA case study on broiler production systems from Brazil and France confirmed the trend of lower environmental impacts for more intensive systems, but also showed that the transport distance (of both animal feed and meat to the consumer center) had a larger influence on environmental impacts than the production scale. From an environmental point of view, importing chicken from Brazil rather than producing it in France with Brazilian soybeans, was better with respect to climate change and land occupation, which are both global impacts. With respect to acidification, terrestrial ecotoxicity and energy demand chicken imported from Brazil had larger impacts than the chicken produced in France. In all studied systems, it was clear that the broiler’s feed production stage contributed most to the environmental impacts of chicken meat production. This study was conducted using an innovative approach for the estimation of impacts caused by soya production in Brazil, since it considered an estimate of deforested area (and its environmental impacts). In addition, the study also showed that in LCA studies involving soybeans from Brazil, we should take into account their region of origin, as different regions have different levels of environmental impacts
Dobres, Marcia-Anne. "Gender in the making : late Magdalenian social relations of production in the French Midi-Pyrénées /". Ann Arbor : UMI dissertation services, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40087261k.
Texto completo da fonteHarkness, ValeÌrie Françoise Paule. "The speech production of native speakers of French as a function of length of life abroad". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403061.
Texto completo da fonteGaucher, Damien Fabien Rémi. "The agreement of the past participle in spoken French, as a sociolinguistic variable : production and perception". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14724.
Texto completo da fonteBoukadi, Mariem. "Lexical selection in spoken word production among Arabic-French bilinguals : a language-specific or nonspecific process?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25390.
Texto completo da fonteL’objectif principal de ce mémoire est d’étudier la nature du processus de sélection lexicale chez des bilingues tardifs modérément compétents et locuteurs de deux langues lexicalement distantes : l’Arabe tunisien (AT) et le Français. Dans un premier temps, une base de données psycholinguistique en AT a été créée aux fins du contrôle convenable de variables psycholinguistiques dans la sélection des stimuli en AT. Cette première étude avait aussi pour but de mettre à disposition des chercheurs intéressés par le traitement du langage en Arabe une ressource psycholinguistique nécessaire. Dans la deuxième et principale étude, des bilingues AT-Français ont effectué une tâche d’interférence image-mot dans deux contextes expérimentaux différentes : unilingue (Expérience 1) ou bilingue (Expérience 2). Nos résultats suggèrent que le traitement lexical chez les bilingues est dynamique et modulé par un nombre de facteurs incluant, mais non limités à, la compétence langagière et le contexte langagier de l’expérimentation.
The main aim of this master’s thesis was to investigate the nature of the lexical selection process among late moderately proficient bilinguals whose two languages are lexically distant: Tunisian Arabic (TA) and French. As a first step, a psycholinguistic normative database in TA was created to enable proper control of several psycholinguistic variables in the selection of TA stimuli. This first study also aimed to provide researchers interested in Arabic language processing with a much-needed psycholinguistic resource for a spoken variety of Arabic. In the second and main study, TA-French moderately proficient bilinguals performed a picture-word interference task in two different language settings: monolingual (Experiment 1) and bilingual (Experiment 2). Our findings suggest that bilingual lexical processing is dynamic and modulated by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, language proficiency and experimental language setting.
Harb, Hiba. "La production écrite en droit : analyse linguistique et propositions didactiques". Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0007.
Texto completo da fonteThe international mobility of students who wish to pursue higher education in France or abroad has been increasing for several years. This movement continues to create specific demands that universities are called upon to meet by adapting their programs to the new demands of teaching and learning French. This is the reason why the domain of the French as Foreign Language has evolved, giving birth to new approaches to teaching the French language, among which the French for Academic Purpose. Our research problem is in line with this point of view insofar as it concerns the foreign non-francophone and Arabic-speaking students enrolled in Law majors in France. Our analysis of the exam copies of these students shows that they have many difficulties in linguistic and pragmatic in writing. In addition, the answers on the survey that we have distributed to this audience of learners highlights their writing practices, and allows us to provide educational solutions adapted to the difficulties encountered, which is the main objective of our research . In addition to the problem of written production, we propose ways to promote interaction between students, teachers and professionals in the field of law
Meilleur, Brien A. "Alluetain ethnoecology and traditional economy : the procurement and production of plant resources in the northern French Alps /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6477.
Texto completo da fonteHarkett, Peter John. "Studies on the use of cut seed tubers for the production of potatoes for French fry processing". Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309520.
Texto completo da fonteDembovskaya, Svetlana Borisovna. "Task-based instruction: the effect of motivational and cognitive pre-tasks on second language oral French production". Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/231.
Texto completo da fontePongpairoj, Nattama. "Variability in second language article production : a comparison of L1 Thai and L1 French learners of L2 English". Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11083/.
Texto completo da fonteRoe, Angela D. "The Horse and The Castle". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2004.
Texto completo da fonteVikør, Knut S. "The oasis of salt the history of Kawar, a Saharan centre of salt production /". Bergen, Norway : Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/42684340.html.
Texto completo da fonteLindqvist, Christina. "L'influence translinguistique dans l'interlangue française : Étude de la production orale d'apprenants plurilingues". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of French, Italian and Classical Languages, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1294.
Texto completo da fonteThe present study concerns cross-linguistic influence in the spoken French of multilingual learners. The main purpose is to investigate to what degree, and in what manner, previously acquired languages (L1, L2(s)) influence the target language, L3. Given the fact that the study only concerns spoken interlanguage, it makes use of a psycholinguistic perspective, which takes models of oral production into account.
The analysis is divided into two main parts. The first concerns the oral production of 30 Swedish learners of French, who fall into three groups according to their previous exposure to French: beginners, secondary school students and university students. The results show that proficiency in the L3 is crucial in at least two ways. First, there is a correlation between the level of proficiency in the L3 and the number of instances of cross-linguistic influence in that the least advanced learners produce the highest number of cross-linguistic lexemes, whereas the most advanced learners produce the lowest number. Second, the level of proficiency in the L3 is decisive for the number of background languages (L1, L2) used during oral production in L3: the lower the proficiency in the L3, the more background languages are used, and vice versa.
The second part of the analysis contains six case studies of learners with partly different L1s and L2s. It focuses on the roles of the background languages during conversation in L3 and on the factors contributing to the attribution of these roles. The results point at both similarities and differences between the learners with respect to the roles of the background languages. A result common to all the learners is the use of Swedish L1/L2 and English L1 as an instrumental language, i.e. a language used rather strategically with a communicative purpose. The use of these languages in this function seems to be due to the fact that Swedish and English are shared languages between the learner and the interlocutor.
MacLeod, Andrea Asenath Nora. "Production and perceptions of VOT and high vowels by bilingual and monolingual speakers of Canadian English and Canadian French /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8248.
Texto completo da fonteReis, Mara Silvia. "The Perception and production of the english voiceless interdental fricative /ø/ by speakers of european french and brazilian portuguese". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93597.
Texto completo da fonteMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T00:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Este estudo examinou a percepção e produção da fricativa interdental não-vozeada inglesa /T/ por vinte falantes de francês europeu e vinte e um falantes de português brasileiro. Cinco testes foram utilizados: Produção, Assimilação Perceptual, Discriminação, Identificação Auditiva e Identificação Audiovisual. Os três últimos testes também foram administrados a dezessete falantes de inglês britânico como controle. A base teórica consistiu no Modelo de Percepção de Assimilação (PAM, Best, 1995), o qual propõe que a assimilação de sons da língua estrangeira prevê sua discriminação na língua nativa, e na sua versão expandida (PAM-L2, Best & Tyler, 2007), o qual trata de aprendizado de segmentos da língua estrangeira. Duas principais hipóteses nortearam a condução do estudo-a substituição diferencial de /T/ é relacionada ao seu padrão de assimilação na língua nativa, assim como sua produção é guiada pela percepção. Os resultados indicam que a substituição diferencial tem bases perceptuais, sobretudo entre os franceses. Entretanto, a produção do fonema não parece estar necessariamente relacionada à sua acuidade perceptual.
This study examined the perception and production of the English voiceless interdental fricative /T/ by twenty speakers of European French and twenty-one speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The experiment had five tests: Production, Perceptual Assimilation, Discrimination, Auditory Identification, and Audiovisual Identification. The last three perception tests were also taken by seventeen speakers of British English as controls. The theoretical framework consisted of the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM, Best, 1995), which proposes that assimilation of non-native sounds can predict their discrimination in the native language, and its expanded version (PAM-L2, Best & Tyler, 2007), which deals with non-native segmental perception learning. The study was guided by two main reasonings-that differential substitution of /T/ is related to different patterns of assimilations in the native language, and that production of /T/ is perceptually driven. The results suggest that differential substitution may have a perceptual underlying reason, more evident within the French group. However, the production of /T/ does not seem to be necessarily related to accurate perception.
Roesch, Anne Dorothée. "Investigating the comprehension and production of 'Wh'-questions in monolingual and bilingual German and French children with and without SLI". Thesis, Bangor University, 2014. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-the-comprehension-and-production-of-whquestions-in-monolingual-and-bilingual-german-and-french-children-with-and-without-sli(9545b17c-4dde-409f-a125-3a175b1a3997).html.
Texto completo da fonteDakpo, K. Hervé. "Non-parametric modelling of pollution-generating technologies : theoretical and methodological considerations, with an application to the case of greenhouse gas emissions in suckler breeding systems in French grassland areas". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10474/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe growing importance of environmental matters in social responsibility of firms has generated many frameworks of analysis in the economic literature. Among those frameworks, performance evaluation and benchmarking using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have increased at a very fast rate. This PhD research focuses on models that include undesirable outputs such as pollution in the overall production system, to appraise eco-efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). Besides, the recent awareness on the large contribution of agriculture and particularly livestock farming to global warming, has highlighted for this sector the challenge of reaching both economic and environmental performances. In this line, the overall objective of this dissertation is to provide a theoretical and empirical background in modelling pollution-generating technologies and to suggest theoretical improvements that are consistent with the particular case of greenhouse gas emissions in extensive livestock systems. Firstly, we showed that all existing approaches that deal with undesirable outputs in the non-parametric analysis (i.e. DEA) have some strong drawbacks. However, the models grounded on the estimation of multiple independent sub-technologies offer interesting opportunities. Secondly, I developed a new framework that extends the by-production approach through the introduction of some explicit dependence constraints that link the sub-technologies in order to build a unified system. Thirdly, an empirical comparison, using a sample of French sheep meat farms, of this by-production modelling extension with the existing approaches, revealed some inconsistencies of these latter. Finally, we expanded this new by-production formulation to account for dynamic aspects related to the presence of adjustment costs. The application to the case of French suckler cow farms underlined the necessity of accounting for dynamic aspects and also showed high heterogeneity in investment strategies of these farmers
Prunet, Anne. "Les littéracies en français sur objectifs universitaires : étude d’un corpus contrastif de productions écrites argumentées et perspectives didactiques". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA112/document.
Texto completo da fonteHow can we define the specific learning outcomes of non-native students of French within the area of written production ? In order to answer this question, we study a highly frequent genre within academic literacy : the argumentative text.Given the neccessity of jointly teaching language and discipline based contents, our study aims to add approaches and modalities to « general » French as a Foreign Language (FLE) used to teach French at university. Emphasizing both their added value to the teaching of non-native speakers and their shortcomings when dealing with French for academic purposes, we set out to analyse the following tools : textbooks following the action-oriented approach, CEFRL, and language certifications (such as TCF, DELF/DALF).Drawing on existing studies of French for academic purposes, we came up with five hypothesises prior to the study of a comparative corpus. This corpus was established in order to identify the non-native speakers’ specific needs when faced with an argumentative written production. It consists of both productions by non-native (corpus ETR) and native speakers of French (corpus FR). This material is presented and analysed within the frame of a typology based on our initial hypothesises resulting in a framework of criteria facilitating a diagnostic evaluation of the academic literacy competency. Finally, we give didactic suggestions for the teaching of French for academic purposes
Stoltz, Joakim. "L'alternance codique dans l'enseignement du FLE : Étude quantitative et qualitative de la production orale d'interlocuteurs suédophones en classe de lycée". Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11480.
Texto completo da fonteIPACLE
Blumberg, Lucy E. "A Tale of Two Sisters: An Exploration of the Marquis de Sade and 21st Century Western Cultural Production". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/717.
Texto completo da fonteManirambona, Fulgence. "Africanité et mondialisation à travers la production romanesque de la nouvelle génération d'écrivains francophones d'Afrique noire". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209947.
Texto completo da fonteLa reconfiguration de l’énonciation dégage les ressorts d’une écriture nouvelle marquée par une narration éclatée, une spatialité multiple et une innovation thématique. La transgression narrative s’intègre au rang des discours de la déconstruction caractéristique de la postmodernité et se donne à lire comme le reflet de l’être de l’entre-deux qu’est l’écrivain migrant comme d’ailleurs son protagoniste. L’espace dans lequel évolue ce dernier peut être interprété comme une transteritorialité dans laquelle se moule la création littéraire marquée du sceau de l’altérité et traduit la « transidentité » du personnage évoluant dans cet espace. La perspective thématique renforce cette idée de l’altérité mondiale structurant le récit africain contemporain. Elle s’engage dans la voie des mutations et des transgressions caractéristiques de la mise en relation de l’africanité et de la mondialisation comme lieu de l’écriture/lecture du roman contemporain.
Le mode d’écriture nous offre un cadre linguistique et stylistique dans lequel se joue l’altérité africanité-mondialisation. Le romancier de la nouvelle génération retravaille la langue française à l’aide des ingrédients des langues et des cultures dans lesquelles il baigne. Cette manipulation linguistico-stylistique est rendue possible par le jeu interlinguistique et le registre humoristico-ironique qui produisent une esthétique du « risible » face aux défis de l’altérité. L’écrivain africain contemporain, décomplexé par ces manipulations linguistique et stylistique, exploite les ressources de l’oralité en vue de concilier la pluralité des formes d’expression et des pratiques langagières de son environnement. Cette stratégie d’écriture produit une esthétique de l’oraliture, celle-là même qui, tout en exaltant les vertus de l’écriture, recourt aux différents procédés offerts par l’oralité, versant de l’africanité du texte contemporain, pour marquer une opposition contre l’écriture et l’Occident qui l’incarne./The African novel by the new generation is made at the meeting point of languages and cultures. In its theoretical and paratextual orientation, the fiction discourse by the new generation can be summed up as a « universality-oriented modernity », a place of dialectic link between africanity and globalization. The ideological context of creation of this literature and the identity questioning bring us to consider africanity as a dynamic notion and the literary globalization as a way to competition and literary legitimacy.
The peritextual discourse, which is a high place of readability/visibility, initiates the strategies of this otherness which the novelist develops largely in textual enunciation.
Reshaping the enunciation shows the motivation of a new writing characterized by a breaking up narration, a multiple area coverage and a thematic innovation. Narrative transgression is integrated in the rank of discourses of deconstruction characterizing postmodernity. It is to be read as a reflection of the being in the space between, this is the migrant writer as well as his protagonist. The space in which the latter evolves can be interpreted as a transterritoriarity in which is moulded literary creation sealed by otherness and shows « transidentity » of the character evolving in that space. The thematic perspective reinforces this idea of global otherness structuring the African contemporary narration. It moves into mutations and transgressions characterizing the relationship between africanity and globalization as a place of writing/reading of contemporary novel.
The writing mode gives us a linguistic and stylistic framework in which takes place the otherness africanity-globalization. The new generation novelist works on the French language he uses by means of ingredients of languages and cultures surrounding him. This linguistic and stylistic manipulation is made possible by an interlinguistic game and the humoristic and ironic register which produce aesthetics of the “funny” in front of otherness challenges. The contemporary African writer, encouraged by these linguistic and stylistic manipulations, exploits the oral ressources in order to reconcile the plurality of forms of expression and of language practices of his environment. This writing strategy produces aesthetics of orality, the one which, in addition to exalting the virtues of writing, has recourse to different procedures of orality, showing thus africanity of contemporary text, to mark an opposition against writing and the Western world which embodies it.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Petit, Elyse Barbara, e Elyse Barbara Petit. "Enhancing Visual and Critical Media Literacy in a Foreign Language Classroom through Media Production and Digital Storytelling: Students' Voice and Agency". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625588.
Texto completo da fontePlanella, Elisabeth. "Morphological inflection in second-language acquisition : the production of regular and irregular verbal inflection by native and non-native speakers of French". Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248878.
Texto completo da fonteWottawa, Jane. "Production & Perception in a second language the case of French learners of German : evidence from large speech corpora, electroencephalography, and teaching". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA141.
Texto completo da fonteThis research project proposes to investigate the production and perception of German speech in French learners of German. A 7h speech corpus containing three production tasks (imitation, reading, description) produced by German natives and French learners was recorded. Segmental productions of challenging vowels and consonants were analysed according to the SLM. A perception experiment involving [h-ʔ], [ʃ-ç] and short and long vowels using EEG was carried out on German natives and French learners. Finally, the impact of pronunciation teaching on improved speech production and perception was investigated. Undergraduates following a stand-alone pronunciation class were recorded and performed perception tests before and at the end of the course. The production study showed that French learners may produce word-initial [h] faithfully. With regard to short and long vowels, contrasting vowel duration is produced. However, French learners encounter more difficulties with respect to vowel quality. This holds for the production of [ç] and [ŋ]. Interestingly, perception does not always mirror production. The EEG results showed that the perception of word-initial [h] is poor in French learners whereas production accuracy is good. On the contrary, French learners perceive the [ʃ-ç] contrast but its production remains difficult. Only in short and long vowels, perception mirrored production. The teaching study showed that the increased linguistic awareness may affect non-native speech perception and production in different ways: phones that are easy to produce from an articulatory point of view can benefit from teaching. Increased awareness helps to better perceive phones with rich acoustic information
Dakpo, K. Hervé. "Non-parametric modelling of pollution-generating technologies : theoretical and methodological considerations, with an application to the case of greenhouse gas emissions in suckler breeding systems in French grassland areas". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10474.
Texto completo da fonteThe growing importance of environmental matters in social responsibility of firms has generated many frameworks of analysis in the economic literature. Among those frameworks, performance evaluation and benchmarking using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have increased at a very fast rate. This PhD research focuses on models that include undesirable outputs such as pollution in the overall production system, to appraise eco-efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). Besides, the recent awareness on the large contribution of agriculture and particularly livestock farming to global warming, has highlighted for this sector the challenge of reaching both economic and environmental performances. In this line, the overall objective of this dissertation is to provide a theoretical and empirical background in modelling pollution-generating technologies and to suggest theoretical improvements that are consistent with the particular case of greenhouse gas emissions in extensive livestock systems. Firstly, we showed that all existing approaches that deal with undesirable outputs in the non-parametric analysis (i.e. DEA) have some strong drawbacks. However, the models grounded on the estimation of multiple independent sub-technologies offer interesting opportunities. Secondly, I developed a new framework that extends the by-production approach through the introduction of some explicit dependence constraints that link the sub-technologies in order to build a unified system. Thirdly, an empirical comparison, using a sample of French sheep meat farms, of this by-production modelling extension with the existing approaches, revealed some inconsistencies of these latter. Finally, we expanded this new by-production formulation to account for dynamic aspects related to the presence of adjustment costs. The application to the case of French suckler cow farms underlined the necessity of accounting for dynamic aspects and also showed high heterogeneity in investment strategies of these farmers
Matuck, Fouad Camargo Abboud [UNESP]. "Docweb: análise do documentário on-line HayMotivo.com". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89466.
Texto completo da fonteFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Este trabalho analisa a coletânea de vídeos HayMotivo.com, definida como documentário on-line (docweb), a partir do conceito e da abordagem histórica do documento como gênero, seus limites com o cinema de ficção e sua migração para o ambiente web. Depois, de descrito e contextualizado, HayMotivo.com é analisado na perspectiva englobante, a partir da aplicação do percurso gerativo do plano da expressão, de Jacques Fontanille, que permite explicitar a integração dos níveis de pertinência semiótica, enfatizando o objeto-suporte (internet) e as práticas e estratégias (técnicas audiovisuais utilizadas. Comprovado que HayMotivo.com representa uma nova prática de produção de documentário em ambiente web, escolhemos quatro vídeos, corpus desta pesquisa, para analisar numa perspectiva englobada: Español para extranjeros, Soledad, Kontrastasun e Catequesis. A aplicação do percurso gerativo do plano do conteúdo, de A. J. Greimas, permite uma análise mais fina, ao evidenciar os semas recorrentes e as oposições no nível profundo, os papéis actanciais e os objetos-valor no nível narrativo e as figuras, os temas e as marcas de enunciação e simulacros, no nível discursivo. A pesquisa teórica e a análise comparativa revelam outros aspectos que foram explicitados com a aplicação de alguns conceitos da gramática tensiva de Claude Zilberberg. Condensadas no Quadro de Categorias, as práticas e estratégias de HayMotivo.com serviram de alicerce para nosso exercício prático, a produção do docweb experimental Brincadeira de criança, publicado no Youtube.com, que representa o resultado principal de nossa pesquisa: a passagem da teoria à prática.
This work analyses the collection of videos HayMotivos.com, defined as an online documentary (docweb), from the concept and historical approach of documentary as a genre, its boderline with fiction cinema and its migration to the web environment. After it is described and contextualized, HayMotivo.com is analyzed in a comprehensive perspective, through the use of the generative process of the expression plan, by Jacques, Fontanille, which allows to make explicit the integration of the levels of semiotic pertinence, emphasizing the support-object (internet) as the practices and strategies (audiovisual techniques used). Once it has been proved that HayMotivo.com represents a new practice for the production of documentaries in the web, we chose four vídeos, corpus of this research, to analyze in an enclosed perspective: Español para extranjeros, Soledad, Kontrastasun and Catequesis. The use of generative process of the content plan, by A. J. Greimas, allows for a finer analysis, by evidencing recurring semes and deep level oppositions, actant roles and value objects in the narrative level and the pictures, thermes and enunciation marks and simulacrum, in discourse level. Thje theoretical research and the comparative analysis revealed other aspects which have been explicated through the use of some concepts of the tensive grammar by Claude Zilberberg. Condensed in the Category Table, the practices and strategies of HayMotivo.com served as basis for our practical exercise, the production of the experimental docweb Brincandeira de criança (Child play), published on Youtube.com, which represents the main result of our research: the passing from theory to practice.
au, B. Bradshaw@Timbercorp com, e Ben Philip Bradshaw. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia". Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060327.92530.
Texto completo da fonteBradshaw, B. P. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melansporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia /". Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060327.92530.
Texto completo da fonteBradshaw, Ben Philip. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia". Thesis, Bradshaw, Ben Philip (2005) Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/449/.
Texto completo da fonteBradshaw, Ben Philip. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia". Bradshaw, Ben Philip (2005) Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/449/.
Texto completo da fonteHuet, Lila. "Role of electric flexibility in the future French grid with high renewable integration". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263063.
Texto completo da fonteDet franska elnätets funktion beror på balansen mellan elproduktionen och efterfrågan. Transmissionssystemoperatören, RTE, ansvarar för nätets stabilitet och säkerhet. Idag följer den elektriska generationen variationerna i efterfrågan. Miljömässiga frågor är emellertid snabba för att utveckla nya strategier och strategier för energiövergång. Utvecklingen av Smart Grids, den osäkra framtiden för kärnkraftsproduktion, den massiva integrationen av förnybara källor är deras fokus. Vidare är generering av förnybara energikällor intermittent och kan inte kontrolleras. Den nuvarande strategin för balans mellan produktion och efterfrågan utmanas. Elnätet måste justeras genom att lägga till mer elektrisk flexibilitet för att säkerställa stabiliteten. Den elektriska flexibiliteten är vanligtvis förknippad med lagringsteknik som batterier eller pumpstationer. En allmänt erkända tekniska används för att definiera denna uppfattning och att utvärdera den tekniska och ekonomiska mognaden hos olika elektriska flexibilitetsvektorer. Följande undersökningar grundar sig på ett urval av framtida scenarier, utvecklingsplaner som redan lanserats i Frankrike, och föreslår en betydande andel förnybara energikällor i en framtida energimix och nuvarande franska energidata. Två studier utfördes på olika perimetrar: på Bretagne-regionen och i Frankrike. En utvärdering vid 2050 utförs för att bestämma belastningsfaktorerna för intermittent energi, förbrukning och återstående efterfrågan i Bretagne. På grundval av dessa framtida uppskattningar kan ett behov av elektrisk flexibilitet bestämmas för Bretagne-regionen. Denna första studie lyfter fram ett problem som rör framtida behov av elektrisk flexibilitet. Men eftersom balansen mellan produktion och konsumtion uppnås på nationell nivå krävs en andra studie om Frankrike. Det franska behovet av elektrisk flexibilitet uppskattas sedan genom en linjär optimering som utvärderar den energiproduktion som krävs för att uppnå en generation / konsumtionsbalans med hänsyn tagen till energikällans meriteringsordning.
Le fonctionnement du réseau électrique français repose sur l’équilibre entre la production et la consommation d’électricité. Le gestionnaire du réseau de transport, RTE, est responsable de la stabilité et de la sécurité du réseau. Aujourd’hui, la production électrique s’adapte aux variations de la consommation. Cependant, des préoccupations environnementales incitent à la mise en place de nouvelles stratégies et politiques pour la transition énergétique. Le développement d’un réseau intelligent, l’avenir incertain du nucléaire et l’intégration massive d’énergies renouvelables sont au centre de celles-ci. De plus, la production électrique des énergies renouvelables s’avère intermittente et fatale. La stratégie actuelle du maintien de l’équilibre production/consommation est remise en question. Le système électrique doit être repensé en y intégrant plus de flexibilité électrique pour en garantir la stabilité. La flexibilité électrique est usuellement associée aux technologies de stockage comme les batteries électrochimiques et les STEP hydrauliques. Un état de l’art permet de définir précisément cette notion et d’évaluer la maturité technologique et économique en France de ces différents vecteurs de flexibilité électrique. L’objet des recherches suivantes est basé sur une sélection de scénarios prospectifs, de plans de développement d’ores et déjà lancés en France, proposant une part importante d’énergies renouvelables dans un futur mix énergétique et des données énergétiques actuelles françaises. Deux études ont été menées sur différents périmètres : sur la région Bretagne et sur la France entière. Une évaluation à 2050 est effectuée pour déterminer facteurs de charge des énergies intermittentes, consommation et demande résiduelle en Bretagne. A partir de ces estimations prospectives, un besoin en flexibilité peut être déterminé sur le périmètre de la Bretagne. Cette première étude permet de mettre en exergue une problématique liée aux futurs besoins de flexibilité électrique. Cependant, l’équilibre entre production et consommation étant réalisé à un niveau national, une seconde étude sur le périmètre français est nécessaire. Le besoin français en flexibilité est alors estimé par le biais d’une optimisation linéaire qui évalue la production énergétique nécessaire pour obtenir un équilibre production/consommation en tenant compte de la préséance économique.
Matuck, Fouad Camargo Abboud. "Docweb : análise do documentário on-line HayMotivo.com /". Bauru : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89466.
Texto completo da fonteBanca: Mariza Bianconcini Teixeira Mendes
Banca: Nelyse Apparecida Melro Salzedas
Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a coletânea de vídeos HayMotivo.com, definida como documentário on-line (docweb), a partir do conceito e da abordagem histórica do documento como gênero, seus limites com o cinema de ficção e sua migração para o ambiente web. Depois, de descrito e contextualizado, HayMotivo.com é analisado na perspectiva englobante, a partir da aplicação do percurso gerativo do plano da expressão, de Jacques Fontanille, que permite explicitar a integração dos níveis de pertinência semiótica, enfatizando o objeto-suporte (internet) e as práticas e estratégias (técnicas audiovisuais utilizadas. Comprovado que HayMotivo.com representa uma nova prática de produção de documentário em ambiente web, escolhemos quatro vídeos, corpus desta pesquisa, para analisar numa perspectiva englobada: Español para extranjeros, Soledad, Kontrastasun e Catequesis. A aplicação do percurso gerativo do plano do conteúdo, de A. J. Greimas, permite uma análise mais fina, ao evidenciar os semas recorrentes e as oposições no nível profundo, os papéis actanciais e os objetos-valor no nível narrativo e as figuras, os temas e as marcas de enunciação e simulacros, no nível discursivo. A pesquisa teórica e a análise comparativa revelam outros aspectos que foram explicitados com a aplicação de alguns conceitos da gramática tensiva de Claude Zilberberg. Condensadas no Quadro de Categorias, as práticas e estratégias de HayMotivo.com serviram de alicerce para nosso exercício prático, a produção do docweb experimental Brincadeira de criança, publicado no Youtube.com, que representa o resultado principal de nossa pesquisa: a passagem da teoria à prática.
Abstract: This work analyses the collection of videos HayMotivos.com, defined as an online documentary (docweb), from the concept and historical approach of documentary as a genre, its boderline with fiction cinema and its migration to the web environment. After it is described and contextualized, HayMotivo.com is analyzed in a comprehensive perspective, through the use of the generative process of the expression plan, by Jacques, Fontanille, which allows to make explicit the integration of the levels of semiotic pertinence, emphasizing the support-object (internet) as the practices and strategies (audiovisual techniques used). Once it has been proved that HayMotivo.com represents a new practice for the production of documentaries in the web, we chose four vídeos, corpus of this research, to analyze in an enclosed perspective: Español para extranjeros, Soledad, Kontrastasun and Catequesis. The use of generative process of the content plan, by A. J. Greimas, allows for a finer analysis, by evidencing recurring semes and deep level oppositions, actant roles and value objects in the narrative level and the pictures, thermes and enunciation marks and simulacrum, in discourse level. Thje theoretical research and the comparative analysis revealed other aspects which have been explicated through the use of some concepts of the tensive grammar by Claude Zilberberg. Condensed in the Category Table, the practices and strategies of HayMotivo.com served as basis for our practical exercise, the production of the experimental docweb "Brincandeira de criança" (Child play), published on Youtube.com, which represents the main result of our research: the passing from theory to practice.
Mestre
Le, Falher Olivier. "Mettre en forme le travail artistique : les ressources de l’incertitude dans l’accueil en résidence d’artistes plasticiens". Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG1096/document.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the last thirty years, visual artists have had to familiarize themselves with a wide range of public support devices that operate long before the art works are completed and that are part of the creation process itself. This kind of partnership requires advance planning of the resources, the duration and the goals to be achieved, all of which seem in contradiction with the specificity of an artist’s work, where both the process and the final result are never entirely predictable. Can public support policies for artistic creation fit into this kind of uncertainty ? I answer this question positively, basing myself on a study of Artist in Residence programs for visual artists in France. Such programs are a typical means of socializing both the time and the space of an artist’s work. Thus I examine the artistic work by studying the documents which both shape and institutionalize it. Through the Communication Sciences, I first compare two official texts on Artist in Residence programs, and secondly I examine a corpus of calls for applications sent out to visual artists. In both cases I highlight the tension between two contrasting visions of artistic work. Either the artist is recognized for his experimentation and his research alone, or he is engaged for a commissioned work within a well-defined cultural program. In the third part of this study, I look at the Artist in Residence programs for visual artists in the city of Marseille. I examine the different mediations along the chain of artistic production, from the selection of the artist through to the exhibiting of the finished work(s), and including the commentaries around the project. We see that the uncertainty surrounding the artistic creation appears, in fact, to be a means for those in charge of these programs to share their expertise (and actively participate) within the period of time that separates the beginning of an art work from its finished version. This thesis, by associating the discourse analysis and the qualitative methods (observations and interviews), posits that the uncertainty discussed above is, in fact, a conventional, predictable and routine dimension of public support for artistic creation
Tuelle-Pambo, Imelda. "L’exploration-production offshore des hydrocarbures : prévention, répression et réparation des déversements illicites d’hydrocarbures". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0263.
Texto completo da fonteWaiting for a complete change to the development of renewable energies, fossil energies, such as conventional oil and gas, remain still the primary source of energy supply. The rarefaction of conventional oil on the continent has lead major oil companies to turn to the offshore. Thus, in the United States (First oil producer country in the world in 2015) the offshore oil exploitation (mainly concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico) represents more than half of the national oil production. France, as for it, turns now to the exploration of its very great offshore zone extending on the four world’s corners (particularly, off the Guyana’s coasts). This significant economic development should not overlook the dangerousness of offshore oil activities. The explosion of Deepwater Horizon in April 2010, off the Louisiana’s coasts (Gulf of Mexico, The United States) is a perfect illustration (11 killed employees, ecosystem damaged, collateral victims, etc). The Law must be able to frame the risks generated by the offshore oil activities. The comparative study of French and American legal systems highlights French law’s gaps. The exploitation of the American continental shelf’s mineral resources, the repression of unlawful oil discharges and, the remedies of damages, which result from it, are governed by special federal laws. A contrario, the exploitation of the French continental shelf and exclusive economic Zone is governed by general laws. It thus appears necessary to promote a reform of the current legislation. Accordingly, this work is to put forth reform proposals. The special French new legislation must be worked out in a systemic approach. The elements which compose the system must interact. The first element is an optimal prevention that is articulated around the security of the workers and the installations. The second element is the repression of the offenses to the legislation of prevention and, unlawful oil discharges. The third element is a strict liability for the damages result from oil accident (when they are not covered by the exclusive liability for the damages result from occupational accidents) and oil spill. Criminal and civil liabilities also contribute to the prevention by the deterrent for better consideration of risks in the management of oil companies and others companies involving in offshore oil activities
Moussodji, Elie Stelle. "Le discours politique du dictateur dans les littératures africaine-francophone et hispano-américaine : construction et production du sens". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100005/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe political speech of the dictator in the African and Spanish-American literary fields offers huge perspectives of study. Indeed, the politics being an environment of social exchange, to study the mechanisms of production of the political speech of the dictator and the constructions of its sense by his public is a domain which we had wished to explore. Our thesis aims at showing exactly, the mechanisms of production of the speech of the dictator and how the public develops the work of encoding and decoding of this speech. The purpose being to highlight the various data which contribute to the elaboration of this sense, and to see the participation of each of the characters agents in this work of collaboration. We approached this work under two angles which are also the ones by whom builds itself the sense of the political speech of the dictator in our works corpus. This thesis brings to light the construction, at first extra linguistic, of the mechanism of production and construction of the sense of the speech of the dictator in the literary fields chosen as basis as our study. And then, we put the linguistic elements which contribute to the construction of the sense. Our method of research forced to us to call on to three linguistic fields without which we would not have been able to bring to a successful conclusion this research.The pragmatics thus allowed us to make a study of elements bound to the context of broadcast of the speech which go in account into the process of encoding and decoding of the speech. We then resorted to the rhetoric which allowed us to see how the dictator built his strategy of speech and how he develops his argumentation. And to finish, the semiology helped us in the highlighting of the linguistic ways of construction of the sense
Maurová, Paillereau Nikola. "Perception et production des voyelles orales du français par des futures enseignantes tchèques de Français Langue Etrangère (FLE)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030004/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis acoustic-perceptual study concerns the limits of perception and production of French oral vowels [i, e, ɛ, a, u, o, ɔ, y, ø, œ], in isolation and in different consonantal contexts, in ten pre-service Czech teachers of French as a Foreign Language (FFL). The results show that (1) Phonetic proficiency in vowels depends on their spellings and consonantal context. (2) Vowels [i, y, u] and [a] are generally mastered with authenticity. (3) The ability to hear contrasts between the vowels e/ɛ, ø/œ and o/ɔ and pronounce them is limited. These results are only partially consistent with the predictions established in the Speech Learning Model (SLM) by Flege (1995), based on the notion of phonetic similarity between the mother tongue (MT) and the foreign language (FL)
Rinaldo, Raphaëlle. "Certification, biocomplexité et valorisation des Lauracées de Guyane française". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0516/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to develop a sustainable production of certified essential oils extracts, the compangy KLR has struggled with the identification of the trees from the family of Lauraceae. This is the main reason that led to the project of creating an identification tool for this family.This tool would be based on three approaches: chemistry (chemical signature of the dark), wood anatomy and genetic barcoding. By means of a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, we selected a list of 14 relevant wood anatomical features that can identify the trees to the genera. For the genetics, the barcoding of trnH-psbA an intergenic region of the DNA has been used. When comparing all the sequences from all the individuals, 40% of the individuals can be identified to the genera because of their specific haplotype. Haplotypes within the genera have also been established. Chemical identity cards have been set with the SPME analysis technique and chemotypes have been defined inside the species Licaria cannella, Ocotea indirectinervia and Sextonia rubra. These three identification approaches allowed us to construct an identification tool on Xper².During the study, we aimed to screen what species would be interesting for its essential oil yield. Three species showed an essential oil bark yield above 0.3%. five species showed an essential oil wood yield above 0.3%. An expert held an olfactory evaluation on the oils and divided the essential oils in five olfactory groups. We found it relevant to improve the identification tool by trying to predict the compositions of the oils before the three was cut down. In the case of the half of trees studied by SPME analyses, the composition of the wood and the bark essential oils were similar. On the other hand, no link was found between the oil cells dimensions and the essential oil yield
Russo, Giovanni. "La différenciation et la neutralisation des termes d'origine française dans le dialecte de Campanie : analyse des textes de la musique traditionnelle napolitaine et de la production néo-mélodique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3121.
Texto completo da fonteThis text is an analysis of the progessive disappear terms of French origin in Neapolitan dialect . It is a linguistic phenomenon that in recent times there has been more intensively. The research is divided into five chapters in which they are analyzed the texts of traditional and neomelodic Neapolitan music.The basic thesis is that the Neapolitan dialect, over time, has seen an increasing reduction of terms of French origin: the music of the neomelodic singers of latest generation has little in common with the nineteenth century Neapolitan dialect. It is characterized by an essential language, where the phonetic element prevails over the graphic form. The sound is more important than the written word. The Neapolitan dialect, used in music, has been increasingly influenced by the Anglo-Saxon spoken
Tran, Thi Thuy Hien. "Processus d’acquisition des clusters et autres séquences de consonnes en langue seconde : de l’analyse acoustico-perceptive des séquences consonantiques du vietnamien à l’analyse de la perception et production des clusters du français par des apprenants vietnamiens du FLE". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENL028/document.
Texto completo da fonteOne of the main difficulties faced by Vietnamese learners of French as a foreign language, and one of the most resistant to repair through corrective phonetics, is the pronunciation of French consonant groups, whether within or across syllables or words. What are the real reasons for these difficulties? This study attempts to answer that question. The thesis addresses an issue raised by investigations on the capacity to perceive the others' gestures. In fact, recent works show that the ability to access the articulators' gestural control characteristics is mediated by the perception of the signal which encodes these gestures. In this theoretical framework linking perception and action, and through comparison of consonant sequences and syllable structures in both languages, this study identifies and explains a number of acoustic-perceptual and articulatory factors responsible for the difficulty of the French consonant groups for Vietnamese learners. The results of the study are discussed in light of different theories and models of sound acquisition of foreign languages. These results could be applied to the development of an educational technology tool for teaching French to the Vietnamese (or more broadly for language learning in general), a tool which could propose corrective phonetics strategies (such as gestural recovery training) and performance assessment of learners
Neagu, Pétrisor Adrian. "Représentations phonétiques et identification des syllabes occlusive - voyelle en français". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0040.
Texto completo da fonteMay, Adrian. "Lignes, an intellectual revue : twenty-five years of politics, philosophy, art and literature". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251334.
Texto completo da fonteManeuvrier-Hervieu, Paul. "La Normandie dans l'économie Atlantique au 18e siècle : production, commerce et crises". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC032.
Texto completo da fonteAfter the long years of the Louis XIV’s wars, the return of peace in Europe and on the seas represented the beginning of a new era in the history of Normandy. Within a few years, ports were back on the road to growth thanks to thedevelopment of the colonies and the resumption of commercial activities. The massive arrival of colonial products and in particular of the "cotton king", brought about many changes in urban centres and countryside where spinning was booming. The development of the Atlantic economy and its importance for the Norman economy was, however,not without consequences. Even if it brought a certain ease and enabled many rural inhabitants to ensure their daily subsistence, it sealed at the same time the fate of a part of the population to the commercial activities and the vicissitudes of the textile industry, which was rapidly expanding. This dissertation relies on a quantitative and spatial analysis, with a focus on crises and subsistence riots, to study the consequences of the integration of Normandy in the Atlantic economy. Beyond a re-examination of the crisis that erupted between the Peace of Utrecht and the American War of Independence, this research focuses on two emblematic periods marked by major transformations. The signature in 1786 of the so-called Eden-Rayneval trade treaty between France and England, which put an end to the mercantilist policy in force since 1713, marked the beginning of the first period. The second is that of the crisis caused by the French Revolution, the revolt of the slaves in Saint-Domingue in 1791, and the return of the war on the seas in 1793
Michelas, Amandine. "Caractérisation phonétique et phonologique du syntagme intermédiaire en français : de la production à la perception". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764624.
Texto completo da fonteAmmar, Zeineb. "Perception et production des voyelles orales françaises par des enfants tunisiens néo-apprenants du français". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA110/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we studied the perception and production of the French oral vowels by sixteen Tunisian children (8-9 years old) learning French. Data are collected at three different periods: at the beginning of their first year of learning, after nine months of learning, and after a period of phonetic training. Main results are: (1) the perception and production of the vowels are greatly influenced by the L1 of the learners, both at the beginning and after nine months of learning; (2) the perception and production performances of the learners are better predicted by the identity of the vowel rather than its status in L2 compared to L1 (new, similar or identical vowels); (3) the phonetic training we gave showed no benefit on the perceptual or production performances of the children