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Fowler, T. Kenneth, e Dmitri Ryutov. "Richard Freeman Post". Physics Today 68, n.º 7 (julho de 2015): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.2855.
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Kenneth Fowler, T., e Dmitri Ryutov. "Richard Freeman Post (14 November 1918–7 April 2015)". Nuclear Fusion 57, n.º 1 (11 de outubro de 2016): 010401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/57/1/010401.
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Mahmood, Talat. "Survival of Newly Founded Businesses: The Post-Entry Performance". Pakistan Development Review 37, n.º 4II (1 de dezembro de 1998): 577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.577-594.
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A number of studies have been undertaken on industry dynamics or about the process by which new firms either survive and grow, or else exit from the industry. A new literature has emerged in the last few years, which focuses on the question, what happens to new firms subsequent to their entry?, both in terms of their likelihood of survival and their growth patterns. Most of the studies use a theory of organisational ecology by Hannan and Freeman (1989), which emphasises organisational characteristics and environmental conditions; particularly the number of employees and invested capital. In addition, the theory offers a comprehensive set of factors that influence the hazard rate of newly founded business organisations. In particular, this theory deals with the evolutionary process within or between populations of organisations observed over long periods of time [see also Singh and Lumsden (1990)]. Originally, Stinchcombe (1965) directed the attention of organisational theorists, based on a hypothesis of a "liability of newness", to the age-dependent decline in organisational death rates. A number of studies [Freeman, Carroll, and Hannan (1983)] found that the organisational death risk declines monotonically with age. Later, BrUderl and SchUssler (1990) also empirically tested the Stinchcombe's "liability of newness" hypothesis and showed that it is not a good representation of the mortality (hazard) of business organisations. Organisational ecologists often discuss the "liability of smallness" in connection with the liability of newness [Aldrich and Auster (1986); Briiderl and SchUssler (1990); Audretsch and Mahmood (1994)]. The assumption is that large new businesses have better survival prospects than small new businesses. Initial size may be measured in terms of either the amount of financial capital or the number employed at the time of founding.
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Davies-Husband, C. R., C. Harker, T. Davison e P. D. Yates. "Post-surgical tympanostomy tube follow up with audiology: experience at the Freeman Hospital". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, n.º 2 (11 de novembro de 2011): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111002982.
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AbstractBackground:Tympanostomy tube (grommet) insertion is a common procedure, with little guidance in the current literature regarding post-operative surveillance. Our institution implemented a protocol to follow up post-surgical grommet patients via audiology at six weeks.Methods:A retrospective audit of all patients less than 16 years old who had undergone grommet insertion during a three-month period.Results:A total of 149 patients had grommets inserted. Exclusion criteria left a cohort of 123 individuals; 82 (67 per cent) were followed up by audiology. Of these, 13 (11 per cent) did not attend follow up, and were discharged; 53 (43 per cent) were discharged from audiology with normal thresholds; and 16 (13 per cent) were referred back to a consultant. Therefore, the overall reduction in patients followed up by an otolaryngologist was 54 per cent.Conclusion:We recommend a six-week follow up with audiology following grommet insertion, allowing for referral back to ENT services in the event of related complications.
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Shukur, Haider A., Mitsunobu Sato, Isao Nakamura e Ichiro Takano. "Characteristics and Photocatalytic Properties of Thin Film Prepared by Sputter Deposition and Post-N+Ion Implantation". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/923769.
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TiO2thin films of a rutile, an anatase, and a mixture type with anatase and rutile were fabricated by a magnetron sputtering method. The fabricated films were irradiated by N+ions with several doses using the Freeman ion source. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-VIS spectrophotometer were employed to investigate morphology, structure, chemical state, and optical characteristics, respectively. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of a methylene blue solution using UV and visible light. TiO2thin films with each structure irradiated by N+ions showed the different N concentration in the same N+ion dose and the chemical state of XPS results suggested that an O atom in TiO2lattice replaced by an N atom. Therefore the photocatalytic activity of TiO2thin films was improved under visible light. The maximum photocatalytic activity of TiO2thin films with each structure was indicated at N concentration of 2.1% for a rutile type, of 1.0% for an anatase type, and of 3.8% for a mixture type under the condition of ions/cm2in N+ion dose.
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Freeman, Sara. "Towards a Genealogy and Taxonomy of British Alternative Theatre". New Theatre Quarterly 22, n.º 4 (20 de outubro de 2006): 364–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x06000558.
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In the third volume of The Cambridge History of British Theatre (2004), editor Baz Kershaw initiates his chapter ‘Alternative Theatres, 1946–2000’ with a short discussion of ‘contesting terms’ used by commentators to describe theatre outside the mainstream in the second half of the twentieth century. Kershaw's discussion serves as a necessary preface to ground his use of multiple historiographical strategies to address the subject with necessary brevity. But teasing out the terminology used to describe alternative theatre remains a fascinatingly complex task, constitutive of precisely the issues at stake in the variant historiographical approaches to the post-war period. Using a genealogical approach inspired by Foucault, and drawing on first-person interviews with artists who worked with alternative theatre companies such as Joint Stock/Out of Joint, Gay Sweatshop, and Women's Theatre Group/The Sphinx across the closing decades of the twentieth century, Sara Freeman analyzes the branching relationships of these terms, arguing the need to develop useful rather than funerary or bewildered historiographical approaches to the 1980s and 1990s. Sara Freeman is Assistant Professor of Theatre at Illinois Wesleyan University. Her research focuses on contemporary women playwrights and British alternative theatre, and she has published articles and reviews in Theatre Survey, Modern Drama, Comparative Drama, New England Theatre Journal, and Theatre Journal. Work on this article was supported by an Artistic and Scholarly Development Grant from Illinois Wesleyan University.
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Adams, Justin R., Tracy L. Rowlandson, Steven J. McKeown, Aaron A. Berg, Heather McNairn e Stewart J. Sweeney. "Evaluating the Cloude–Pottier and Freeman–Durden scattering decompositions for distinguishing between unharvested and post-harvest agricultural fields". Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 39, n.º 4 (30 de outubro de 2013): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5589/m13-040.
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Murphy, C. F., e B. A. Croft. "FOREST ANT COMPOSITION AND FORAGING FOLLOWING AERIAL SPRAYING OF CARBARYL TO SUPPRESS WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM". Canadian Entomologist 122, n.º 4 (agosto de 1990): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122595-7.
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AbstractAn outbreak of western spruce bud worm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon, USA, was treated with helicopter-applied carbaryl. Effects on forest ants were determined from pre- and post-spray samples taken from replicated 0.75-ha sprayed and unsprayed plots. Arboreally foraging ants were sampled with sticky drop traps placed under trees. Ground-foraging ants were sampled from food-baited boards. During 8 weeks of sampling, 13 225 ants from seven genera and 19 species were collected. Seven species were known budworm predators. After spraying, ant species diversity decreased in sprayed plots. Post-spray foraging decreased in all plots, but the decrease was more rapid and pronounced in sprayed plots. Among ground-foragers, budworm predators were clearly affected by spraying. Arboreal foragers, nearly all budworm predators, showed a significantly lower foraging rate in sprayed plots. Varying effects on different species were noted. Overall ant foraging remained depressed for at least 6 weeks after spraying, long enough for budworm development to be completed. Reduced ant predation on sparse budworm populations after spraying may contribute to budworm resurgence.
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Trabold, Erica. "Searching for Sappho: The Lost Songs and World of the First Woman Poet by Philip Freeman". Pleiades: Literature in Context 37, n.º 2S (2017): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2017.0177.
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Thompson, Philip E. "IV. Being Made a Patient People". Horizons 45, n.º 2 (29 de novembro de 2018): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2018.77.
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I begin with thanks to Professor Freeman for a helpful article, and with the admission that I am torn by this topic. On the one hand, I have shared by direct experience and that of friends the same pain Freeman describes of being unable to commune at the Saturday evening mass at the CTS/NABPR convention. I remember Sandra Yocum's words of public lament in her 2014 CTS presidential address. Some of us may remember our convention at Spring Hill in 2005 when the celebrant at the Saturday mass that year, Fr. David Robinson, who grew up a New England Congregationalist, spoke with deep anguish of his deep desire to share communion with the Baptists, coupled with the inability to do so. We had sung Susan Toolan's “I Am the Bread of Life,” hearing in our own voices Christ's promise of being raised up on the last day. And then we sensed how that day was not yet. But we should remember that the “last day” when we will unquestionably be one, if I may borrow words from the poet W. H. Auden, “is not in our present, and not in our future, but in the fullness of time.” So we ask now about the prospects of provisionally—proleptically—embodying that oneness this side of the eschaton.
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Kohl, Jon. "Four Levels of Interpretive Development Based on Tilden’s Principle of Wholeness". Journal of Interpretation Research 25, n.º 1 (abril de 2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1092587220963520.
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Freeman Tilden argues in his Fifth Principle of Interpretation the importance of interpreting wholes for whole people. Yet his examples reveal that in demonstrating wholeness in the form of an interpretive theme, he uses but one perspective for each of his interpreted objects (i.e., birds and places). Based on the premise that every object is enacted through one of multiple possible perspectives, to interpret from a single perspective then must be partial because it reveals only a part of an object, thus falling short of wholeness. This multiplicity of perspectives results in a wholeness interpretation spectrum from a single to a near infinite number of perspectives along which all interpreters fall. This article posits four levels on this scale from pre-interpretation whereby no real interpretation occurs to a post-interpretive enactment whereby the interpreter integrates multiple non-consensus perspectives for a much richer or more whole—holistic—interpretation.
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Chamosa, Oscar. "“To Honor the Ashes of Their Forebears”: The Rise and Crisis of African Nations in the Post-Independence State of Buenos Aires, 1820-1860". Americas 59, n.º 3 (janeiro de 2003): 347–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2003.0006.
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During most of the nineteenth century, more than fifty organized African nations existed in Buenos Aires with the official name of African Associations. They were also known by the popular names of tambos, tangos and, later on and more loosely, of candombes. Beginning in 1822, the provincial government chartered ten African Associations with the goal of encouraging the emancipation of slaves by appealing to mutual aid and self-reliance. Along the way, the African Associations were expected to pay for the education of the recently emancipated freemen, delivering them from illiteracy and turning them into self-governing citizens of the new republic. To the dismay of liberal politicians, the African Associations defied government expectations and chose more autonomous directions. The purpose of this article is to analyze the interplay of government officials and candombe leaders in an attempt to reveal the internal organization of such associations. Although Buenos Aires was never a major destination of the African diaspora in the Americas, the rare quality of the records produced by the local police department, in charge of looking after the African nations, sheds light on a phenomenon of hemispheric dimensions.
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Kokkinn, MJ, e WD Williams. "An experimental study of Phototactic responses of Tanytarsus barbitarsis Freeman (Diptera: Chironomidae". Marine and Freshwater Research 40, n.º 6 (1989): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9890693.
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A series of salt lakes near Port Augusta, South Australia, supports large larval populations of Tanytarsus barbitarsis Freeman, a chironomid midge. When adults emerge they often fly to nearby artificial lights, and when large numbers do so a considerable nuisance to local residents is caused. In an investigation designed to provide control advice, those parts of the spectrum of particular attractivity to adults were identified in an experimental study of phototactic responses. Results indicated that the peak of attractivity lies in the near-ultraviolet part of the spectrum (370-400 nm). A second, weaker peak lies between 490 and 510 nm. Light intensity does not appear to be important. Certain sorts of commercially available lamps emit light with peaks in those parts of the spectrum attractive to T. barbitarsis and may be suitable for control purposes.
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Salucci, Paolo. "The mass distribution in Spiral galaxies". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S244 (junho de 2007): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130701383x.
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AbstractIn the past years a wealth of observations has allowed us to unravel the structural properties of the Dark and Luminous mass distribution in spirals. As result, it has been found that their rotation curves follow, out their virial radius, an Universal function (URC) made by two terms: one due to the gravitational potential of a Freeman stellar disk and the other due to that of a dark halo. The importance of the latter is found to decrease with galaxy mass. Individual objects reveal in detail that dark halos have a density core, whose size correlates with its central value. These properties will guide ΛCDM Cosmology to evolve to match the challenge that observations presently pose.
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Burset, Christian R. "Merchant Courts, Arbitration, and the Politics of Commercial Litigation in the Eighteenth-Century British Empire". Law and History Review 34, n.º 3 (8 de junho de 2016): 615–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248016000183.
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John Locke worried that the common law was bad for business. Although he recognized the political importance of common law institutions such as juries, he also thought that the cumbersome procedures of English courts might hamper economic development in England and its colonies. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, which Locke helped draft in 1669, tried to reconcile these competing political and economic concerns. Although the Constitutions guaranteed “Freemen” a right to trial by jury, the document also provided for specialized judges in port towns to “try cases belonging to [the] law-merchant.” These commercial judges would allow merchants to settle their disputes “as shall be most convenient for trade,” rather than by the expensive formality of the common law.
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Pelegrine, Rina Andréa, Augusto S. Kato, Iris NB Seckler, Carlos E. da Silveira Bueno, Sérgio L. Pinheiro, Débora AN Leite Lima e Danielle FS de Souza. "Impact of Mechanical Load of Three Post and Core Systems: CAD/CAM-fabricated Glassfiber, Prefabricated Glassfiber Customized with Composite Resin, and Cast Metal Posts and Cores". Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal 5, n.º 2 (2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10048-0064.
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ABSTRACT Aim and objective This study assessed the fracture resistance and failure mode frequencies in three post and core systems: CAD/CAM-fabricated glassfiber post and core, glassfiber post and core customized with composite resin, and cast metal post and core. Materials and methods After endodontic obturation and the post space preparation, 30 extracted mandibular premolars were distributed into three groups (n = 10): Group GFP: glassfiber post and core customized with composite resin, Group CPC: cast metal, and Group CAD/CAM: CAD/CAM-fabricated glassfiber post and core. All the specimens were luted with RelyX U200 cement, submitted to thermomechanical cycling, and then submitted to a compression test, applied at a 45° angle relative to the long axis of the tooth, until fracture. The fracture resistance data were submitted to ANOVA complemented by the Tukey test and the failure mode data by Fisher's exact test with the Freeman–Halton extension (α = 5%). Results There was no significant difference between the fracture resistance values found for groups CPC and CAD/CAM (p >0.05), and these values were significantly higher than those found for Group GFP (p < 0.05). In respect to failure mode frequencies, Group CAD/CAM had equal frequencies of adhesive and cohesive failures, Group GFP had exclusively cohesive failures in the composite core buildup, and Group CPC had 80% of cohesive failures in dentin vs 20% of adhesive failures (p < 0.001). Conclusion The fracture resistance of CAD/CAM-fabricated glassfiber posts and cores was comparable to that of cast posts and cores, and they were not associated with irreparable root fractures. Therefore, CAD/CAM-fabricated glassfiber posts and cores can be considered an effective method for restoring endodontically treated teeth. Clinical significance CAD/CAM system proved to be a viable alternative to cast posts and cores, since they were less associated with irreparable root fractures. How to cite this article Seckler INB, da Silveira Bueno CE, Kato AS, et al. Impact of Mechanical Load of Three Post and Core Systems: CAD/CAM-fabricated Glassfiber, Prefabricated Glassfiber Customized with Composite Resin, and Cast Metal Posts and Cores. Cons Dent Endod J 2020;5(2):36–41.
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Whitfield, Sarah K. "Disrupting Heteronormative Temporality through Queer Dramaturgies: Fun Home, Hadestown and A Strange Loop". Arts 9, n.º 2 (15 de junho de 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9020069.
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This article considers how André De Shields performance in Hadestown (2019), and the musicals Fun Home (2015) and A Strange Loop (2019) can be seen to respond to the present moment and argues that they disrupt heteronormative temporality through queer dramaturgy. It explores musicals that present queer performativity and/or queer dramaturgies, and addresses how they enact queer strategies of resistance through historical materialist critiques of personal biographies. It suggests that to do this, they disrupt the heteronormative dramaturgical time of the musical, and considers how they may enact structural change to the form of the musical. The article carries out a close reading of De Shields’ performance practice, and analyses the dramaturgy of Fun Home and A Strange Loop through drawing on the methodologies of José Muñoz and Elizabeth Freeman. It considers how they make queer labour visible by drawing on post-dramatic strategies, ultimately suggesting that to varying extents, these musicals offer resistance to the heteronormative musical form.
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Kallinen, Timo. "Truth Commissions and the End of History". Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 35, n.º 2 (3 de março de 2023): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.127477.
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Transitional justice refers to a set of judicial initiatives that have been used in so-called post-conflict societies in transition from war to peace or from authoritarian rule to democracy. By the turn of the millennium, transitional justice had become a dominant global model and the list of countries that have undertaken some form of transitional justice is large and constantly growing. Truth commissions are a popular form of transitional justice. They are defined as investigative bodies that have been mandated by their sponsor governments to clarify controversial historical events and contribute to criminal justice efforts, reparations for victims, development of stable public institutions, and national reconciliation (Freeman 2006: 40–87). What is known to the general publicas a paradigmatic case of the truth commission is, of course, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa set up in 1995. It was only after the South African experience that the idea of a truth commission holding public, victim-centred hearings became the norm (ibid.: 24–25).
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Sharma, Avichal, Pallavi Pandey e Dr K. Padmawati. "Adapted Adversity Quotient Program–Oxymoron or Opportunity? A Study of Special Education Teachers in Raipur, Chhattisgarh". Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 10, n.º 12 (10 de dezembro de 2022): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2022.v10i12.001.
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It is commonly believed that some types of schools, such as those catering to special children, are difficult or problematic places to work (Pratt cited in Nguyen, 2002). Freeman (1988) made the observation that in order to properly care for children who have particular requirements, teachers need to fulfil not only the duty of an educator but also that of a nurse and a parent. Because of this, teachers of special education are more likely to experience burnout and stress (Freeman, 1988). It is necessary to improve special education teachers' capacity to persevere in the face of adversity because they are always facing new obstacles in their work. Therefore, it is essential to have an understanding of one's adversity quotient (AQ). The capacity to persevere in the face of adversity is a crucial component in determining one's quality of life. The findings showed that individuals with a high AQ fared better than those with a low AQ (Stoltz, 1997). In order to raise the adversity quotient (AQ) of the special education teachers working at a special education school in Raipur (Chhattisgarh), three industry professionals designed and tested an Adversity Quotient (AQ) Program. The post- test scores dramatically improved to a level that was considered to be reasonably high after the AQ Program that had been established was put into action. For the purpose of determining their AQ, the Adversity Response Profile Quick Take (Stoltz, 1997) was utilized. In the United States, the Maricopa School District in Arizona implemented a programme called AQ to encourage educators "to achieve more with less." The findings of this study suggest that the adversity quotient could be incorporated into faculty development programmes in order to help special education teachers become more resilient and capable members of the labor force.
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van Heerden, Jennifer K., Elizabeth H. Louw, Friedrich Thienemann, Mark E. Engel e Brian W. Allwood. "The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in post-tuberculosis and active tuberculosis populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis". European Respiratory Review 33, n.º 171 (17 de janeiro de 2024): 230154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0154-2023.
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Background:The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) has not previously been quantified, resulting in an underappreciated burden of disease. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PH in post-TB and active TB populations.Methods:In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Scopus, African Journals Online and Google Scholar, with no language restriction, for available literature published after 1950. Eligible studies described adult participants (≥16 years), with documented evidence of active or prior TB, diagnosed with PH. Study quality was assessed using a risk of bias tool specifically developed for prevalence studies. Aggregate prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis model, incorporating the Freeman–Tukey transformation. Subgroup analysis was conducted to ascertain prevalence estimates in specific patient populations.Results:We identified 1452 unique records, of which 34 met our inclusion criteria. 23 studies, with an acceptable risk of bias and where PH was diagnosed at right heart catheterisation or echocardiography, were included in the meta-analysis. In post-TB studies (14/23), the prevalence of PH was 67.0% (95% CI 50.8–81.4) in patients with chronic respiratory failure, 42.4% (95% CI 31.3–54.0) in hospitalised or symptomatic patients and 6.3% (95% CI 2.3–11.8) in nonhealthcare-seeking outpatients (I2=96%). There was a lower estimated prevalence of PH in studies of populations with active TB (9.4%, 95% CI 6.3–13.0), I2=84%).Conclusion:Our results highlight the significant burden of PH in post-TB and active TB populations. We emphasise the need for increased recognition of TB-associated PH and additional high-quality prevalence data.
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Tsyganova, Ya M. "Image of the Samara Volga region in the second half of the XIX – early XX century (based on the guidebooks and travel notes)". Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 26, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2020-26-4-22-29.
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The article examines the problem of the image of Samara and the Samara region in the second half of the XIX early XX century, the face of Samara of that era, the brands of the city and the province. The author shows aspects of the sides of the image of the Samara Volga region, which were reflected and broadcast to the Russian reading public on the pages of guidebooks and essays of those times, but have not yet been covered by historians and local historians. Disclosure of these issues will allow us to judge what images of the past of the Samara Volga region existed in the Russian public consciousness of the post-reform period, what new brands of the region appeared by the beginning of the XX century. In the course of the study, the author revealed that, firstly, the images of the past region are associated mainly with the Volga freemen and the names of the famous Cossack atamans; secondly, a significant part of the brands of the Samara Volga region appeared already in the second half of the XIX early XX century: kumis therapy, large grain piers, etc. In this regard, the second suggests that the Samara Volga region in the post-reform era was only gaining its place on the mental map of Russian society.
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Addison, Janet A., Imre S. Otvos, Jeffrey P. Battigelli e Nicholas Conder. "Does aerial spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) pose a risk to nontarget soil microarthropods?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2006): 1610–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-048.
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This field study was carried out to investigate whether application of an aerial spray containing Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) to control the western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, 1967) had any measurable effects on aspects of the abundance, distribution, diversity, and feeding behaviour of nontarget soil microarthropods. Although total abundance and species richness (N0) of Collembola declined significantly in samples taken 3 weeks after spraying, this decline occurred in the control plots as well as in plots sprayed with Btk. Values for the diversity indices N1 and N2 were not affected by the treatment. Correspondence analysis did not identify changes in collembolan communities following the aerial application of Btk. Total abundance of mites and populations of different suborders (Prostigmata, Mesostigmata, and Oribatida) were not significantly affected by application of Btk, or by the time of year that the samples were collected. There was no evidence of a selective reduction in the surface-dwelling portions of the collembolan and mite communities following exposure to Btk. Similarly, the experimental spray did not cause a decline in the abundance of the guild of Collembola known to feed on bacteria, and the proportion of bacteria in the diet of these Collembola following application of Btk was also unchanged.
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Ahmedova, Aysel, Kubra Ozkaya, Makbule Tambas, Ugur Gezer, Emre Ozgur, Dilek Sahin, Yasemin Sanli e Musa Altun. "Treatment response and prognosis according to pre and post treatment Ebstein-Barr virus DNA level in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n.º 15_suppl (20 de maio de 2017): e17544-e17544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e17544.
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e17544 Background: To evaluate pre and post-treatment Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA copy numbers, to investigate changes with treatment and the possibility of using it as a follow-up marker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Methods: Blood samples were obtained before (0-3 weeks) and after treatment (mean 6 weeks) and number of EBV DNA copies were determined by PCR . Treatment was administered as concomittant chemoradiotherapy ± induction chemotherapy. MRI and PET-CT were performed prior (0-4 weeks) and after (6-16 weeks) treatment. Mann Whitney test was used for 2 group comparisons of parameters with no normal distribution and comparison of quantitative data. Fisher-Freeman-Halton and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests were used for comparison of qualitative data and intra-group comparison of parameters with non-normal distribution. Kaplan Meier Survival analysis was used to assess survival. Results: The study included 50 NPC patients treated between 2011 and 2015. Median follow-up is 25.3 (27.5 ± 14) months. 12 patients had residual-recurrent or metastatic (3 patients initially had distant metastasis) disease. Mean survival is 49.77 ± 2.4 months. Median posttreatment EBV DNA level is lower than pretreatment EBV DNA level (p = 0.001). Pretreatment EBV DNA copy numbers are higher in patients with residual-recurrent or metastatic disease (RRM) than those without RRM (p=0.05). Mortal patients had higher pre (p = 0.015) and post (p = 0.043) treatment EBV DNA levels than those who survived. Overall survival (OS) is higher in patients with undetectable (n:41) than those with detectable (n:9) EBV DNA levels after treatment (p = 0.02). Conclusions: The OS is lower in patients with higher pretreatment and detectable posttreatment EBV DNA levels. This study implies that pre and post treatment serum EBV DNA levels can be used as prognostic indicators and also be beneficial as a follow up marker in NPC patients. [Table: see text]
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Carpenter, Eileen S., Padma Kadiyala, Ahmed Elhossiny, Julia Freeman, Henry Dai, Valerie Gunchick, Filip Bednar, Marina Pasca di Magliano e Vaibhav Sahai. "Abstract C080: Longitudinal profiling of patient pancreatic tumor samples reveals evolution of immune cellular compartments". Cancer Research 82, n.º 22_Supplement (15 de novembro de 2022): C080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-c080.
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Abstract Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a dismal disease with a 5-year survival rate of 11%. This poor prognosis is due in part to a lack of early disease detection methods and resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Consequently, there is an unmet need for the development of efficacious therapies for treating PDAC patients. The mechanisms driving therapeutic resistance are not well understood. To characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity across PDAC patients and map out the heterogeneity of immune and tumor compartments at single cell resolution we developed a novel specimen collection pipeline. We obtain specimens during endoscopic diagnostic biopsy (treatment-naïve) and matched surgical resection (post-treatment) from pancreatic cancer patients for single cell RNA sequencing analysis. Results: We currently have 7 patients enrolled in our longitudinal study and thus far have collected matched pre- and post-treatment tumor tissue from 2 patients. Preliminary transcriptomics analysis show notable changes in PDAC tumor microenvironment imparted by FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy, including dampening of effector immune responses in cytotoxic T cells. In addition, we observed an increase in exhausted CD8 T cells and T regulatory cells in PDAC post chemotherapy. Additionally, we have successfully cultured organoids from matched tumor samples and have isolated peripheral autologous immune cells and plan to validate these findings with complimentary functional in vitro studies. Conclusion: Our preliminary results support utilization of transcriptomic analysis of matched longitudinal pre- and post-treatment tumor tissue in PDAC patients for a comprehensive study of how the tumor microenvironment changes over time in response to chemotherapy, with the ultimate goal of understanding mechanisms of chemoresistance in this deadly disease. Citation Format: Eileen S. Carpenter, Padma Kadiyala, Ahmed Elhossiny, Julia Freeman, Henry Dai, Valerie Gunchick, Filip Bednar, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Vaibhav Sahai. Longitudinal profiling of patient pancreatic tumor samples reveals evolution of immune cellular compartments [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr C080.
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Chopra, Puja. "Masato Abe, Nick Freeman and Mike Troilo (Eds), Rethinking MSME Finance in Asia and the Pacific: A Post Crisis Policy Agenda". Journal of Asian Economic Integration 4, n.º 1 (24 de março de 2022): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26316846211073630.
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Luna, Ande M., Josefina T. Dizon, Jaysi T. Corpuz, Myra A. Flordeliza e Patrick John S. Espiritu. "Beyond Covid-19: The Future of Festivals in Calabarzon, Philippines". International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, n.º 5 (12 de maio de 2023): e01395. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i5.1395.
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Purpose: This study aims to determine or forecast the willingness of regular participants of festivals to attend or join events festivals in the post-COVID-19 scenario. Specifically, it aimed to 1.) identify the perceived future of festivals in the post-pandemic scenario and if people are still willing to participate in or join in any of the festival's events, and 2.) discuss the role of festivals in the post-pandemic scenario. Theoretical framework: The researchers employed the stakeholder theory technique to predict the future of the festival's events. A stakeholder is "any group or person who may impact or is affected by the attainment of the institution's objective," Freeman (1984). Freeman contends that a person or group is a stakeholder if it has a sincere interest in a particular component of the institution's operations and, as a result, either can influence the company's performance or has a stake in that performance. Particularly, in this study, the stakeholders are the participants, the businessmen, and the organizers of the festivals. Ultimately, the perception of the stakeholders may be used by festival organizers as a basis for holding festivals in the post-pandemic scenario. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a qualitative design using phenomenological approach based on the lived experiences of the participants with the festivals they have attended. Snowball sampling was used to choose 32 participants, commencing with the tourist local government official that had control over the festival events. The researchers utilized key informant interviews and focus group discussions on obtaining data, guided by a semi-structured questionnaire to allow the researchers to adjust questions according to the participant's willingness and manner of answering. For data clustering and theme identification, the researchers utilized a qualitative research tool (NVIVO) with license key: (N-L-Z-7-7) and used the analytical framework by Moustakas (1994), as covered by Creswell (2007). The researchers began by outlining the subject's or participant’s encounters concerning the festivals being examined. Next, they created collection of noteworthy remarks and organized these into more substantial units of information (i.e., units or themes). Findings: As a result, every participant is eager to engage, be present, or take part in their respective festivals again, once the COVID-19 restrictions are removed, but some have a few reservations. Implications for research, everyday life, and society: In the Philippines, the COVID-19 restrictions were lifted in 2023. This is also a time for the local economy to recover. The series of lockdowns heavily hampered the local economy due to the pandemic. The local governments may use festivals to help small, medium, and microenterprises recover from the losses they took during the pandemic, and festivals. can kick start the local economy. Festival organizers may utilize the findings of this research as a foundation. Originality/value: All the data gathered in this research was at the peak of lockdowns and cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines. This made it very difficult for the researchers to collect data, thus resulting in an integration of in-person interactions, key informant interviews and online focus group discussions. It was a time when mass gatherings were hard to imagine, let alone the celebration of festivals uncertain. Nevertheless, the result was surprising since all the participants were still willing to join or attend festivals.
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Kokkinn, MJ. "Osmoregulation, salinity tolerance and the site of ion excretion in the halobiont chironomid, Tanytarsus barbitarsis Freeman". Marine and Freshwater Research 37, n.º 2 (1986): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860243.
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The ability of T. barbitarsis to survive in hypersaline waters is examined. Osmoregulation and salinity tolerance of Port Augusta specimens and the site of ion excretion in larva and pupa are investigated. Results show that the haemolymph of T. barbitarsis is approximately isosmotic with media of 0.3 osmol kg-1, but is maintained hyperosmotic in media of lower concentration and hyposmotic in more concentrated media. The LC50 is found to be 89 � 5 g I-1. As in the Culicidae, fourth-instar larvae of T. barbitarsis employ the posterior rectal tissue to excrete chloride ions. However, in the pupa, which has no flux of water through its gut, the site is on the dorsum of the thorax.
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Duquette, Michel, e Yvan Lafrance. "Aléas des stratégies de diversification technologique des nouveaux pays industriels". Politique, n.º 18 (11 de dezembro de 2008): 33–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/040668ar.
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Résumé En règle générale, la théorie accueille favorablement les tentatives de diversifications technologiques auxquelles se sont livrées certains nouveaux pays industriels, à partir des années 70. L’expérience a cependant mis en lumière, dans le cas des ambitieux programmes électronucléaires du Brésil et de la Corée du Sud, les coûts et les difficultés particulières, voire quelquefois insurmontables, que pose la stratégie de diversification vis-à-vis des pays fournisseurs de technologie. Comme on le sait, celle-ci implique nécessairement une multiplication et une complexification des technologies elles-mêmes. Freeman propose, pour évaluer la prestation des NPI dans le processus d’acquisition, trois séries de facteurs explicatifs qui tiennent bien davantage à leur propre structure d’accueil — administrative, scientifique et industrielle — qu’à l’évolution de la conjoncture, donc des facteurs internationaux. Cet article se propose de révéler les zones de succès, mais aussi les lacunes du dispositif local d’encadrement du transfert technologique, qu’il s’agisse des agences gouvernementales ou des institutions responsables de la formation et de la maîtrise technologique.
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Harvey, G. T. "POPULATION GENETICS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN RELATION TO GEOGRAPHICAL AND POPULATION DENSITY DIFFERENCES". Canadian Entomologist 128, n.º 2 (abril de 1996): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent128219-2.
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AbstractCollections (68) of spruce budworm from 33 locations from Newfoundland to Alaska were analysed for isozyme frequencies using horizontal starch gels. Collections represented pre-, early-, mid-, late-, and post-outbreak stages of several populations in balsam fir, white spruce, and mixed host forests, as well as successive annual collections at several locations. Isozymes were measured at 11 loci in mature larvae and at six loci in pheromone-trapped males; frequencies were essentially the same in both stages, and from all host species. Three loci (IDH-2, LDH-1, and AAT-1) were found to be sex-linked, with no heterozygotes in females. Mean percentage heterozygosity ranged from 13.2 to 23.1; at individual locations it tended to decrease over successive years of outbreak and over successive collections in the same year. Contingency chi-square analysis indicated small differences related to location and outbreak history but all populations were generally homogeneous over the entire range. Nevertheless, one allozyme of AAT-1 exhibited a significant cline in frequency from the southeast to the northwest. Gene flow across the entire range appeared to be appreciable.
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Nathan, Lie Ericko, Didit Kurniadi, Ahmad Muhid e Eko Heriyanto. "Teaching English vocabulary using the audio-lingual method". Jurnal CULTURE (Culture, Language, and Literature Review) 10, n.º 1 (31 de maio de 2023): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53873/culture.v10i1.529.
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Language is a system of spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols in which human beings express themselves as members of a social group and participants in its culture. The audio-lingual teaching method is defined as a method that emphasizes on repetition of words to help the students to understand the use of the target language communicatively. The objective of this thesis is to measure the students’ accomplishment in increasing their English vocabulary after using the audio-lingual method and to find the benefits of using the audio-lingual method in increasing the vocabulary for students. In finishing this research, the method used is class action research by applying mixed methods. The population of this research was students in 3A Generous of SD Shalom Semarang, which consist of 25 students. The writer used the theory of Larsen-Freeman in this research. The instrument of the research were multiple-choice tests of 15 items and short essay tests of 5 items. In finding, the score of the post-test (84,6%) is higher than the score of the pre-test (75,8%). It means that using the audio-lingual method in teaching English vocabulary gives enough effect on the third-grade students’ accomplishments.
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Kokkinn, MJ. "Is the rate of Embryonic development a predictor of overall development rate in Tanytarsus barbitarsis Freeman (Diptera: Chironomidae)?" Marine and Freshwater Research 41, n.º 5 (1990): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9900575.
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Mathematical relationships describing the effect of water temperature on embryonic development and generation time for Tanytarsus barbitarsis, a nuisance chironomid from salt lakes near Port Augusta, South Australia, were compared. The aim of the comparison was to determine whether the relation- ship describing egg hatching could be extrapolated to determine the overall development rate of the species. Results indicated that the power function that closely described embryonic development, D(t) = 8712.32t-2.70, could not be fitted to the generation-time data. However, when an additional term, water salinity, was included, a highly significant relationship was derived: D(s,t)*=S4.0308t-4.471. This suggested that laboratory egg-hatching experiments could not account for the attenuating effect of environmental factors on overall development rates in the field.
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Eghtedari, Maryam, Catriona McKenzie, Lauren C. Y. Tang, Avik Majumdar e James G. Kench. "Banff 2016 Global Assessment and Quantitative Scoring for T Cell-Mediated Liver Transplant Rejection are Interchangeable". Journal of Transplantation 2023 (27 de março de 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3103335.
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Introduction. Histopathological assessment of liver biopsies is the current “gold standard” for diagnosing graft dysfunction after liver transplantation (LT), as graft dysfunction can have nonspecific clinical presentations and inconsistent patterns of liver biochemical dysfunction. Most commonly, post-LT, graft dysfunction within the first year, is due to acute T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) which is characterised histologically by the degree of portal inflammation (PI), bile duct damage (BDD), and venous endothelial inflammation (VEI). This study aimed to establish the relationship between global assessment, which is the global grading of rejection using a “gestalt” approach, and the rejection activity index (RAI) of each component of TCMR as described in revised Banff 2016 guidelines. Methods. Liver biopsies (n = 90) taken from patients who underwent LT in 2015 and 2016 at the Australian National Liver Transplant Unit were identified from the electronic medical records. All biopsy slides were microscopically graded by at least two assessors independently using the revised 2016 Banff criteria. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS v21. A Fisher–Freeman–Halton test was performed to assess the correlation between the global assessment and the RAI scores for each TCMR biopsy. Results. Within the cohort, 60 (37%, n = 164) patients underwent at least 1 biopsy within 12 months after LT. The most common biopsy outcome (total n = 90) was acute TCMR (64, 71.1%). Global assessment of TCMR slides strongly positively correlated with PI ( p value <0.001), BDD ( p value <0.001), VEI ( p value <0.001), and total RAI ( p value <0.001). Liver biochemistry of patients with TCMR significantly improved within 4 to 6 weeks post-biopsy compared to the day of the biopsy. Conclusion. In acute TCMR, global assessment and total RAI are strongly correlated and can be used interchangeably to describe the severity of TCMR.
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Maxwell, Lida. "Queer/Love/Bird Extinction: Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring as a Work of Love". Political Theory 45, n.º 5 (29 de maio de 2017): 682–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591717712024.
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This essay argues for reading Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring as a work of love that calls for an environmental politics of desire rather than self-preservation narrowly construed. I make this argument by reading Silent Spring in conjunction with the extant love letters of Carson and Dorothy Freeman, where they depict their love as a wondrous multispecies achievement constituted through encounters with birds. I argue that their example reveals that love need be neither worldless nor heteronormative, but may be a world-disclosing practice that leads individuals to live, and desire to live, differently. Reading Silent Spring through the lens of these letters, I argue that it calls us to see the threat insecticides pose not only to “mere life” (Honig) but also to pleasurable lives of wonder and love. I build on Silent Spring to argue for an alternative politics of survival in the face of climate change: one that foregrounds the connections between inter-human affects and a vibrant multispecies world, between intimate and public feelings, and calls for preservation of a multispecies world through and on behalf of human pleasure.
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Nichols, S., e B. Bavister. "107 COMPARISON OF PRIMATE SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION PROTOCOLS: POST-THAW SPERM RECOVERY AND HYPERACTIVATION IN CULTURE". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, n.º 2 (2006): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab107.
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Cryopreservation of spermatozoa provides material for gene banking of genetically valuable males and offers convenience for in vitro fertilization (IVF). In addition, cryobanking of spermatozoa allows less frequent ejaculation collections from males. The present study compared the effectiveness of several published techniques in non-human primates to find the most efficient one for rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) semen cryopreservation. The effectiveness of each method was assessed by longevity (post-thaw motility % and duration) and ability to hyperactivate in culture in response to chemical activators (caffeine, dbcAMP) needed for rhesus sperm capacitation (Boatman and Bavister 1984 J. Reprod. Fertil. 71, 357-366). The ability to hyperactivate provides a reasonable assessment of the fertilizing capability of spermatozoa prior to performing IVF; the latter was impractical for this study, given the large number of treatments and endpoints. Spermatozoa were collected via electroejaculation from one male on three occasions to avoid confounding treatments with male effects. Each ejaculate was divided into one of four treatment groups for cryopreservation: Method A (Seier et al. 1993 J. Med. Primatol. 22, 355-359); Method B (Wei et al. 2000); Method C (Sanchez-Partida et al. 2000, Biol. Reprod. 63, 1092-1097); and Method D (Isachenko et al. 2005 Reprod. Biomed. Online 10, 350-354). Protocols were followed according to each published technique. Upon thawing, each sample was split into different incubation conditions: 37�C, 5% CO2 in air or room temperature for 0-24 h. One dose of activators was used according to standard protocol. Statistical analyses of motility rates were performed using 2 � 2 G tests (Sokal and Rohlf 1981 Biometry. New York: W. H. Freeman Co.) to determine significance. Samples cryopreserved using method D did not survive the method (motility = 0) and were not included in the statistical analysis. Methods A-C all demonstrated reasonable post-thaw motility recovery rates (68%, 73%, and 62%, respectively) and underwent capacitation within 30 min of exposure to activators. Sperm motility decreased over time in culture within each treatment at 37�C. However, spermatozoa in Method A were significantly less motile at 4 and 24 h than those in Methods B and C, and Method B spermatozoa were significantly less motile at 24 h than those in Method C. Sperm motility also decreased over time in samples incubated at room temperature, with motility of sperm in Method A motility being significantly less at 24 h than that of sperm in Methods B and C. Method C best preserved motility over time regardless of temperature of incubation upon thawing. Overall, incubation at room temperature preserved motility better than incubation at 37�C. Methods A-C yielded satisfactory post-thaw recovery of progressively motile spermatozoa despite the various differences among their protocols. For long-term use of each sample, however, it would be beneficial to incubate spermatozoa at room temperature after using Method C. This technique appears to be more appropriate for gene banking rhesus semen, and applying this protocol would allow more efficient usage of each semen sample, potentially providing for multiple IVF cases over a 24-h period. This work was supported by NIH Grant RR15395.
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Haryono, Tan Agung, Sri Wuli Fitriati e Suwandi Suwandi. "The Effectiveness of the Explicit and Implicit Grammar Teaching Online to Improve the Grammar Mastery". English Education Journal 13, n.º 4 (23 de dezembro de 2023): 476–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v13i4.71000.
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Online classes have become indispensable in the digital age due to the internet's ability to offer invaluable resources and support for second-language classrooms. This practicality has led to widespread adoption across all academic levels, including higher education, resulting in a significant increase in the utilization of online classes. The purpose of the study was to examine how online explicit and implicit grammar teaching improved the degree of comparison mastery of the learners in Structure 2, a grammar course offered by Unika Soegijapranata in Semarang. Explicit grammar teaching involves presenting the rule and then providing examples to illustrate it, as stated by Larsen-Freeman (2014). On the other hand, implicit grammar teaching emphasizes the significance of learning grammatical rules through immersive experiences by providing various phrases and contextual examples (Thornburry, 1999). A quantitative case study was used to carry out the research. The data were collected by the assessment assigned to 19 students in the forms of pre-test and post-test. The students were grouped into 9 participants for the explicit group, and 10 participants for the implicit group. The data were analyzed via Microsoft SPSS version 22. The finding was that both explicit and implicit grammar teaching online had significant effects on the improvement of competencies. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of considering these methods by lecturers, higher education institutions, and students involved in the learning process.
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CANBEK, İhsan, Serhat YILDIZHAN, Mehmet Gazi BOYACI, Usame RAKİP, Serhat KORKMAZ, Adem ASLAN, Havva Hafize TALAZ et al. "INCIDENCE OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM DEVELOPING AFTER SPINAL SURGERIES APPLIED TO ADULT PATIENTS IN OUR CLINIC". Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 25, n.º 1 (14 de abril de 2023): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1186850.
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AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı nedenlerle spinal cerrahi girişim geçirmiş hastalarda pulmoner emboli (PE) insidansını belirlemek olup cerrahi etyolojinin insidansa etkisinin olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: 01.01.2017 - 30.11.2021 tarihleri arasında Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde spinal cerrahi uygulanan hastalarda post-op gelişen PE komplikasyonunu değerlendirmek için Hastane Bilgi Yönetim Sistemi (HBYS) kayıtları, ameliyatların International Classification of Disease (ICD) kodları kullanılarak retrospektif olarak gözden geçirildi. Çalışmaya 18-64 yaş aralığındaki hastaların verileri dahil edildi. Çocuklar ve 65 yaş üzeri hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. PE saptanan hastaların verileri PE için potansiyel risk faktörlerini değerlendirmek amacıyla analiz edildi. İstatistiksel analiz için Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test ile ki kare testi uygulandı. BULGULAR: 581’i kadın (%52,6), 524’ü erkek(%47,4) olmak üzere toplam 1105 hasta dosyası retrospektif olarak tarandı. Stabilizasyon uygulanmış dejenerasyon grubunda 382 (%34,6), travma grubunda 291 (%26,3), stabilizasyon uygulanmamış dejenerasyon grubunda 287 (%26), tümör grubunda 86 (%7,8), enfeksiyon grubunda 59 (%5,3) hasta vardı. İncelenen 1105 hastanın 6’sında PE komplikasyonu görüldü. Bu çalışmada PE insidansı %0,54’tür. PE saptanan 6 hastanın 3’ü erkek (%50), 3’ü kadındı (%50). Erkeklerin tümü travma nedeniyle opere edilirken; kadınların 1’i travma, 1’i tümör, 1’i de enfeksiyon nedeniyle opere edildi. Gruplar arasında istatistiksel anlamlı fark saptandı (p= 0,014). Tümör ve enfeksiyon nedeniyle opere edilen 2 kadın hasta ilerleyen süreçte hayatını kaybetti . Böylece PE görülenlerde mortalite oranı %33,3 olarak bulundu. SONUÇ: PE nadir görülmekle birlikte çok ciddi klinik sonuçları olan mortalitesi yüksek bir komplikasyondur.
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Seaman, Jayson, Robert MacArthur e Sean Harrington. "Dartmouth Outward Bound Center and the rise of experiential education, 1957–1976". History of Education Review 49, n.º 1 (18 de abril de 2020): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-07-2019-0024.
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PurposeThe article discusses Outward Bound's participation in the human potential movement through its incorporation of T-group practices and the reform language of experiential education in the late 1960s and early 1970s.Design/methodology/approachThe article reports on original research conducted using materials from Dartmouth College and other Outward Bound collections from 1957 to 1976. It follows a case study approach to illustrate themes pertaining to Outward Bound's creation and evolution in the United States, and the establishment of experiential education more broadly.FindingsBuilding on prior research (Freeman, 2011; Millikan, 2006), the present article elaborates on the conditions under which Outward Bound abandoned muscular Christianity in favor of humanistic psychology. Experiential education provided both a set of practices and a reform language that helped Outward Bound expand into the educational mainstream, which also helped to extend self-expressive pedagogies into formal and nonformal settings.Research limitations/implicationsThe Dartmouth Outward Bound Center's tenure coincided with and reflected broader cultural changes, from the cold war motif of spiritual warfare, frontier masculinity and national service to the rise of self-expression in education. Future scholars can situate specific curricular initiatives in the context of these paradigms, particularly in outdoor education.Originality/valueThe article draws attention to one of the forms that the human potential movement took in education – experiential education – and the reasons for its adoption. It also reinforces emerging understandings of post-WWII American outdoor education as a product of the cold war and reflective of subsequent changes in the wider culture to a narrower focus on the self.
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Unger, Andy, Catherine Evans, Alan Russell e Matthew Bond. "Evaluating the Academic Benefits of Clinical Legal Education: An Analysis of the Final Average Marks of Five Cohorts of LSBU LLB Graduating Students, 2011-2015". International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 31, n.º 1 (26 de abril de 2024): 206–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v31i1.1461.
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This article seeks to contribute to the ongoing pedagogic debate about the aims and benefits of clinical legal education and to do so using a quantitative methodology. It is the result of a collaborative project within the School of Law & Social Sciences at LSBU, researching whether placements in our Legal Advice Clinic have had any positive impact on Law students’ academic performance. We have analysed the academic results[1] of five cohorts of LLB full-time undergraduates, those graduating from 2011 to 2015,[2] to see whether students who volunteered in our Legal Advice Clinic achieved better grades than those who didn’t. Generally, they do. However, given the fact that places at the clinic are limited and recruitment is selective and to try and eliminate the possibility that the most academically successful students are the most likely to volunteer and be selected, we have controlled for first year average results. Even so, it appears that students who achieve similar grades in their first year are likely to get slightly better final grades, just under 2% better, if they volunteer in our Legal Advice Clinic in their second year. [1] We would like to thank Dr Bond’s Post-graduate student, Joshua Freeman-Birch, who undertook the long hours of date entry to code the results of five cohorts of LLB law students results, to allow the research to be conducted. [2] Unfortunately, writing up our research has taken longer than we hoped. Conducting the data analysis and the impact of COVID are the two main reasons.
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Stojic, Mrs Sally, Miss Eden Ratcliffe, Mrs Colette Kirk e Mrs Lisa Gemmell. "Case report of a post bariatric, type 2 intestinal failure, home distal feeding patient Sally Stojic, Eden Ratcliffe, Colette Kirk and Lisa Gemmell Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN". Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 61 (junho de 2024): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.065.
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Saha, Sumanta, e Sujata Saha. "Underreporting of treatment outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 infected diabetes patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression". Journal of Ideas in Health 4, n.º 4 (23 de novembro de 2021): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol4.iss4.168.
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Background: Prolonged inpatient care requirements and time constraints of research and researchers lead to the non-reporting of the treatment outcome of certain COVID-19 infected diabetes patients in published manuscripts. This study aims to quantify its global burden.
Methods: A search for citations addressing the above outcome ensued chiefly in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, irrespective of the publication date and geographical region. Recruited studies were critically appraised with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's tool. Using the random-effects meta-analysis with an exact binomial method and Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation, the overall and subgroup-wise weighted pooled prevalence of the missing treatment outcome data was determined. The heterogeneity and publication bias assessment utilized I2 and Chi2 statistics, and funnel plot, and Egger's test, respectively.
Results: Ten publications (primarily case series; 70.0%) included in this review sourced data from 6687 COVID-19 infected inpatient diabetes patients from Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. The global pooled prevalence of missing treatment outcome data among these patients was 33.0% (95% CI: 15.0-53.0%; I2: 99.53%; P of Chi2: <0.001). It was highest in Europe (63%; 95% CI: 61.0-66.0%). Publication bias assessment was not suggestive of any small study effect.
Conclusion: A considerable proportion of crucial prognosis information of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes goes underreported. It increases the risk of biasing the contemporary COVID-19-diabetes literature. The reporting of these data in the post-publication era or postponing the primary publication until the availability of all patients' treatment outcome data, when feasible, is recommended to address this enigma.
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IJsselsteijn, Wijnand, Huib de Ridder, Jonathan Freeman, S. E. Avons e Don Bouwhuis. "Effects of Stereoscopic Presentation, Image Motion, and Screen Size on Subjective and Objective Corroborative Measures of Presence". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 10, n.º 3 (junho de 2001): 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343621.
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Recently, we reported that group subjective measures of presence as well as observers' postural responses are sensitive to increasing the realism of a display with motion content, by the addition of stereoscopic information, using a 20-inch stereoscopic screen with an effective horizontal field of view of 28 deg. (Freeman, Avons, Meddis, Pearson, & IJsselsteijn, 2000). The experiment presented here employed a large projection display with a 50 deg. horizontal field of view showing a rally car traversing a curved track at speed. The independent variables included image motion and stereoscopic presentation as within-subjects factors and screen size as a between-subjects factor. Dependent variables included subjective measures of presence, vection, involvement, and sickness, as well as observers' lateral postural responses, which served as a candidate objective corroborative measure of presence. Results demonstrated a noisy yet positive effect of stereoscopic presentation on the lateral postural responses. Post-test subjective ratings revealed a significant effect of stereoscopic presentation on the subjective judgments of presence, but not on those of vection, involvement, or sickness. Image motion had a large and significant effect on the subjective judgments of presence, vection, and involvement. The effect of image motion was considerably larger than that of stereoscopic viewing. By comparing results between experiments, a large effect of screen size on subjective presence ratings could be demonstrated, but only for the video stimulus that contained motion. The postural response measure did not differentiate between screen sizes, thus limiting its utility as an objective corroborative measure of presence, although further research is required to be able to be more firm in our conclusion regarding this issue.
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Sajnach-Menke, Magdalena A., e Sarah C. Walpole. "What is the diagnostic value of the paediatric exercise tolerance test? Results from a UK centre". Cardiology in the Young 27, n.º 7 (8 de março de 2017): 1336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951117000233.
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AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine whether the exercise tolerance test can provide diagnostic and prognostic information regarding children and young adults and help predict outcome.MethodsA total of 87 patients, aged 7–29 years (median 13, mean 13.4) were selected retrospectively. They underwent exercise test at the Freeman Hospital from December, 2015 to May, 2016. There were two groups of patients – 46 had symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, syncope, or dyspnoea on exertion and no cardiac diagnosis, and 40 patients had a cardiac diagnosis such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, transposition of the great arteries with post-arterial switch operation, aortic stenosis or regurgitation, tetralogy of Fallot, abnormal coronary arteries, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, or supraventricular tachycardia.ResultsIn the group of patients with symptoms and no cardiac diagnosis, exercise test was negative and there was no exercise-induced arrhythmia; 31 patients were discharged from follow-up. In the group of patients with a cardiac diagnosis, four patients had to be treated – one had ablation, one the Ross procedure, one aortic valve repair, and one aortic valve ballooning; in addition, seven patients had to be further investigated – one had signal average electrocardiogram, one stress cardiac MRI, two cardiac MRI, one lung function test, one reveal device, and one 24 hours electrocardiogram. In all, 43 patients were further followed-up from both groups.ConclusionThe exercise tolerance test is useful for clinical decision making in children and young adults with a cardiac diagnosis. In this study, the exercise tolerance test in patients with symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease but no cardiac diagnosis did not reveal any new diagnoses.
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Mehmeti, Sami. "Magna Carta And The Roman Law Tradition". SEEU Review 11, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2015): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2015-0017.
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Abstract Magna Carta is one of the most important illustrations of the exceptionalism of English common law. Within a completely feudal framework it gave the clearest possible articulation to the concept of the rule of law and at the same time it also showed that there were certain basic rights which every freeman enjoyed without any specific conferment by the king. From English perspective, continental European law after the process of the reception of Roman law was commonly regarded to be apart and different from the English legal tradition, as well as being perceived to pose a continual threat. The English Parliament constantly turned down royal attempts to emulate the continental reception of Roman law by characterizing it as something entirely foreign to English law. Roman law was supposed to promote an authoritarian and absolutist vision of the relationship between rule and subjection and this was expressed in the famous phrases 'princeps legibus solutus' and 'quod principi placuit legis habet vigorem'. Roman law was also anti-feudal, because one of its main principles that all power originated from one central source was the antithesis of the distribution of power over multiple centers, which was a crucial element of the feudal society. Many English historians have held the view that the English law is democratic, whereas the continental tradition is undemocratic and authoritarian, and this is why the Roman law succeeded on the Continent and failed in England.
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H., T. J., J. H. A., J. H. A., T. J. H., G. L. D., G. L. D., J. P. H. et al. "Reviews of Books". Irish Geography 3, n.º 5 (6 de janeiro de 2017): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1958.1114.
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Géographie Rurale de Quatre Contrées Celtiques—Irlande, Galles, Cornwall et Man, by Pierre Flatrès. 618 pp. Rennes: Librairie Universitaire J. Plihon, 1957. 2,500 fs.PRE‐FAMINE IRELAND. A study in historical geography, by T. W Freeman. Manchester University Press, 1957. Pp. i‐viii, 3–352. 8½ × 5½ in. 35s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE PORT OF LONDON, by James Bird. London: Hutchinson's University Library, 1957. Pp. 207. 7¼ × 4½ in. 10s. 6d.THE RENDERING OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES, by M. Aurousseau. London: Hutchinson's University Library, 1957. Pp. 148. 7¼ × 4½ in. 10s. 6d.THE GEOGRAPHY OF AIR TRANSPORT, by Kenneth R. Sealy. London: Hutchinson's University Library, 1957. Pp. 207. 7¼ × 4½ in. 10s. 6d.GEOGRAPHICAL ESSAYS ON BRITISH TROPICAL LANDS. Edited by R. W. Steel and C. A. Fisher. London: Geo. Philip & Son Ltd., 1956. Pp. 344. 8½ × 5½ in. 35s.DIE KULTURLANDSCHAFT—Methoden der Forschung und das Beispiel Nordostengland By Haralt Uhlig. Kölner Geographische Arbsiten, Nr. 9/10, 1956. Pp. vi + 290 + 56 illustr. + 2 maps. 9½ × 6½ in. DM 17, 50.ADVENTURE OF THE SEA, by James Fisher. London: Rathbone Books, Adprint House, 1956. Pp. 68. 12½ × 9½ in. 15s.ATLAS OF AUSTRALIAN RESOURCES: POWER AND FUEL. Department of National Development, Canberra, 1955. Map and commentary, 10s. 6d. Distributed by Angus & Robertson Ltd., London.U.S.S.R. REFERENCE BOOK. Published by Soviet News, London, 1956. Pp. 56. 9¾ × 6 in. 2s.IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. X: no. 37, March, 1956; no. 38, Sept., 1956; no 39, March, 1957. 10s. 6d. each.
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Jennison, Toby, James S. Dalgleish, Mark Davies, Ian T. Sharpe e Andrew J. Goldberg. "Total Talus Replacement: A Systematic Review of the Literature". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, n.º 4 (outubro de 2022): 2473011421S0070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00709.
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Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Total talus replacements have been proposed as a method to treat talar AVN replacing the entire talus. The potential for total talar replacements has increased with the advent of patient specific implants utilising 3D printing based on CT scanning of the ipsilateral or contralateral talus. The primary aim of this systematic review is to analyse the current literature on total talus replacements. It specifically aims to look at the indications, complications, survival and functional outcomes. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken including all levels of evidence and following PRISMA guidelines. Basic percentages and a weighted pooled proportion for failures using the Freeman Tukey double arscine transformation were performed. Results: 9 papers with 151 patients were included. The mean age ranged from 27.6 to 72, with 5 papers having a mean age of less than 50. Mean follow-up ranged from 12.8 to 58 months. The most common indication was avascular necrosis in 103 patients.4 studies used 3D printing and 5 customised implants. 3 studies undertook a talus replacement with an ankle replacement. 4 studies used ceramic prostheses, 3 cobalt chromium 1 stainless steel and 1 titanium with ceramic surface. Post-operative complications ranged from 0 to 33%. 69.6% of 23 functional outcomes scores demonstrated significant improvement in functional scores with the others demonstrating a non-significant improvement.3 of 151 implants failed requiring further surgery with 2 revisions and 1 amputation. 6 of the 8 studies did not report any operations for failure. The cumulative incidence of failure was 0.1 % (95% CI 0.0- 4.9%). Conclusion: Total talus replacements are a potential alternative to tibiotalocalcaneal fusion for patients with avascular necrosis of the talus. Further studies are required to ensure good outcomes prior to an increase in use of this prosthesis.
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Leong, Amanda Y., Lisa Burry, Kirsten M. Fiest, Christopher J. Doig e Daniel J. Niven. "Does pain optimisation impact delirium outcomes in critically ill patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol". BMJ Open 14, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2024): e078395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078395.
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BackgroundUntreated pain is associated with short-term and long-term consequences, including post-traumatic stress disorder and insomnia. Side effects of some analgesic medications include dysphoria, hallucinations and delirium. Therefore, both untreated pain and analgesic medications may be risk factors for delirium. Delirium is associated with longer length of stay or cognitive impairment. Our systematic review and meta-analysis will examine the relationship between pain or analgesic medications with delirium occurrence, duration and severity among critically ill adults.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials and a review of recent conference abstracts will be searched without restriction from inception to 15 May 2023. Study inclusion criteria are: (1) age≥18 years admitted to intensive care; (2) report a measure of pain, analgesic medications and delirium; (3) study design—randomised controlled trial, quasiexperimental designs and observational cohort and case–control studies excluding case reports. Study exclusion criteria are: (1) alcohol withdrawal delirium or delirium tremens; or (2) general anaesthetic emergence delirium; or (3) lab or animal studies. Risk of bias will be assessed with the Risk of Bias V.2 and risk of bias in non-randomised studies tools. There is no language restriction. Occurrence estimates will be transformed using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine. Point estimates will be pooled using Hartung-Knapp Sidik-Jonkman random effects meta-analysis to estimate a pooled risk ratio. Statistical heterogeneity will be estimated with the I2statistic. Risk of small study effects will be assessed using funnel plots and Egger test. Studies will be analysed for time-varying and unmeasured confounding using E values.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this is an analysis of published aggregated data. We will share our findings at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberThe finalised protocol was submitted to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022367715).
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Mansory, Eman M., Lotus Alphonsus, Janine Hutson, Barbra de Vrijer e Alejandro Lazo-Langner. "Recurrent VTE in Pregnant Woman with Previous Personal History of VTE: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Blood 138, Supplement 1 (5 de novembro de 2021): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-149875.
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Abstract Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and the postpartum periods. Despite that, the prevention and management of VTEs in pregnant patients remains an area of great debate, particularly among those with a personal VTE history. There is no solid evidence behind the current practice guidelines on the prevention of VTE in pregnancy as most data comes from studies focusing on non-pregnant patients or from small studies. It has been suggested that without low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) thromboprophylaxis, women with a personal history of VTE may have a 2% to 10% absolute risk of developing recurrent VTE during a subsequent pregnancy. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the risk of VTE recurrence during pregnancy for pregnant patients with prior personal history of VTE and the effect of LMWH on such risk. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched between January 2000 to December 2020. We included studies that evaluated pregnant patients with previous personal VTE history (deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) only) that assessed venous thromboembolism recurrence and/or bleeding complication and/or pregnancy outcomes. Study selection and data extraction was conducted by 3 reviewers and discrepancies resolved by consensus. A meta-analysis of proportions was done through a Freeman-Tukey transformation using random effect models. Groups were analyzed according to prophylaxis strategy. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochrane Q and Higgins I 2 analyses. Publication bias was assessed using Eggers' tests and funnel plot. Results. Of 6934 potential studies, 27 were included in this systematic review. The studies included 3631 pregnant patients with a previous history of DVT or PE, regardless of the presence of thrombophilia. We found a wide variability in thromboprophylaxis practices which included mostly low molecular weight heparin using weight-based, risk category-based, anti-Xa based, fixed, or trimester-adjusted doses . In studies that categorized patients into provoked, estrogen associated and unprovoked, most patients had an estrogen-associated previous VTE. The estimated pooled proportions of VTE recurrence were 2.7% (95% CI 1.8-3.7; I 2 55.5%) in patients who were consistently on anticoagulation during pregnancy (pre- and post-partum), 2.6% (95% CI 0.6-5.9; I 2 not estimable) in patients who received anticoagulation in the postpartum period only, and 25.3% (95% CI 8.9-46.6; I 2 93.2%) in patients who were not on anticoagulation. No comparison could be done on the different dosage strategies due to the limited number of studies and wide variety of strategies. Due to limited data available, bleeding complications and pregnancy outcomes could not be assessed. Conclusion. In patients with a previous VTE history receiving prophylactic anticoagulation (either both pre- and post-partum or post-partum only), the estimates of VTE recurrence were significantly lower than that for patients who did not receive prophylaxis, however, a direct comparison was not possible. The optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy remains unknown. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Gulle, S., A. Çelik, B. Lebe, Ç. Ulukuş, M. Bariş, D. Harmanci, M. Birlik e O. Yilmaz. "POS0628 BARICITINIB AMELIORATES BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED PULMONARY AND SKIN FIBROSIS VIA JAK 1/2 INHIBITON". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 de maio de 2023): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.5329.
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BackgroundSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is activated in lung fibroblasts and alveolar type II cells (AT-II) and is thought to contribute to fibrosis in lung tissue. Significant JAK/STAT activation was demonstrated in fibroblasts, skin biopsies and scleroderma animal models of patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) [1].ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 in the experimental model of scleroderma is a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease and to investigate the effects of the JAK 1-2 inhibitor Baricitinib (BAR) on the experimental model of dermal and pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsThirty-two healthy 6-8 weeks old female C57BL mice with an average weight of 22±3 grams were included in our study. Before the treatment (baseline), day 15 and day 30 (day 30) the same back area was shaved in all mice and skin thickness was measured under the guidance of skin Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (US). US measurements were chosen to be at least >1 cm from the injection area. Whole lung Computed Tomography (CT) scans of each animal were acquired at post-treatment (day 30). H&E and Masson‘s Trichrome staining were performed to evaluate skin thickness, pulmonary alveolitis, and fibrosis. The Ashcroft score was assessed on Sirius Red stained lung sections post-treatment. For the molecular evaluation of tissue fibrosis, collagen and α-SMA levels were measured in skin and lung tissues by qRTPCR.ResultsWe found that BAR resulted in favorable therapeutic outcomes by affecting the inflammation infiltration and collagen deposition both lung and skin tissues. Immunohistochemical results showed that BAR downregulated the levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2.Treatment with JAK 1-2 selective BAR has been shown to ameliorate BLM-induced skin and lung fibrosis at radiological, pathological and molecular measurements.ConclusionAs a result of our study, the effect of JAK1-2 selective inhibitor baricitinib treatment on reducing skin and lung fibrosis in a mouse model created with BLM was demonstrated with radiological and pathological examinations. We conclude that JAKinh treatments will be an important research area for the treatment of SSc and other fibrotic diseases in the future.Reference[1]Wang W, et al. The JAK/STAT pathway is activated in systemic sclerosis and is effectively targeted by tofacitinib. J Scleroderma Relat Disord. 2020;5(1):40–50.Table 1.Skin and lung measurementsBLM (I)BLM+BAR (II)BLM+PBO (III)PPairwise comparisonMean (SD.)Mean (SD.)Mean (SD.)I vs III vs IIIII vs IIIDermal thickness (with H&E and MT) (μm)430.29 (54.66)308.00 (26.79)452.50 (75.48)0.001a<0.0010.721<0.001Dermal thickness (with UBM) (μm)524.86 (116.21)304.20 (61.45)505.67 (88.09)<0.001a<0.0010.919<0.001Median (min-max)Median (min-max)Median (min-max)Ashcroft Score (0-8)5 (2-7)1 (0-4)3 (2-5)0.001k0.0020.6300.176n (%)n (%)n (%)SSc-ILD in CT0.215ff Absent2 (28.6)7 (70)2 (33.3)ns.ns.ns. Present5 (71.4)3 (30)4 (66.7)ns.ns.ns.aOneWay ANOVA (Robuts Statistic:Brown-Forsythe); Post Hoc Test: Tukey HSD,kKruskal Wallis Test (Monte Carlo); Post Hoc Test: Dunn’s Test,ffFisher Freeman Halton (Monte Carlo), ILD: Interstitial lung disease, UBM: Ultrasound biomicroscopy, H&E: hematoxylin and eosin staining, MT: Masson’s Trichrome staining, ns.: non significant, min.: minimum, max.: maximum, SD.:Standard deviation, BLM: Bleomycine induced SSc group, BLM+BAR: Bleomycine with Baricitinib group, BLM+PBO: Bleomycine with Placebo groupFigure 1.Dermal thickness change with UBM baseline, 2th and 4thweek.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Holmfeldt, Per, Pardieck Jennifer e Shannon McKinney-Freeman. "Nfi Genes Are Novel Regulators Of Murine Hematopoietic Stem- and Progenitor Cell Survival". Blood 122, n.º 21 (15 de novembro de 2013): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.735.735.
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Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for life-long maintenance of hematopoiesis. HSC transplantation represents one of the most heavily exploited cell based therapies, routinely used to treat a myriad of life threating disorders, such as leukemia and bone marrow failure. Identifying the molecular pathways that regulate HSC engraftment is crucial to further improving outcomes in patients that rely on HSC transplantation as a curative therapy. By examining the global gene expression profiles of highly purified HSC (Lineage-Sca-1+c-Kit+CD150+CD48-), we recently identified the following members of the Nfi gene family of transcription factors as highly expressed by HSC (McKinney-Freeman et al., Cell Stem Cell, 2012): Nfix, Nfia, and Nfic. These data suggest that Nfi genes may play a novel role in regulating HSC function. To test this hypothesis, HSCs were enriched from adult bone marrow (Lineage-, c-kit+, Sca-1+ (LSK) cells) and then transduced, individually, with lentiviruses carrying shRNAs targeting each Nfi gene. Twenty-four hours post-transduction, cells were injected into lethally irradiated mice along with untransduced bone marrow LSK competitor cells congenic at the CD45 allele. The peripheral blood of recipient mice was then analyzed periodically over 16 weeks for engraftment of the Nfi-depleted cells. Although shRNA mediated knockdown of Nfi gene expression had no effect on the in vitro cell growth or viability of LSK cells, Nfi-depleted HSCs displayed a significant loss of short- and long-term in vivo hematopoietic repopulating activity. This was true for Nfia-, Nfic-, and Nfix-deficient HSC. While Nfia and Nfic are only expressed by bone marrow HSC, Nfix is highly expressed by both bone marrow and fetal liver HSC. When Nfix was depleted by shRNAs from LSK cells purified from E14.5 fetal liver, a similar loss in competitive repopulating potential was seen. Lineage analysis of peripheral blood of recipients showed no significant differences in the distribution of the major blood lineages derived from LSK cells transduced with Nfi-specific shRNAs compared to controls. When the bone marrow of recipients transplanted with Nfix- depleted cells was examined 4 and 16 weeks post-transplant, a general loss of all hematopoietic stem- and progenitor compartments examined was seen relative to control. Thus, the observed decrease in repopulating activity occurs at the level of HSCs and multipotent progenitors. To confirm an essential role for an Nfi gene family member in the regulation of HSC engraftment post-transplant, LSK cells were purified from Nfix fl/fl mice, transduced with lentiviral Cre recombinase and subsequently introduced into lethally irradiated recipients alongside congenic competitor cells. Like LSK transduced with Nfix-specific shRNAs, Nfix-/- LSK cells failed to repopulate the peripheral blood of recipient mice as efficiently as control and similar trends were detected in all stem- and progenitor cell populations examined. Time-course experiments immediately following transplantation revealed that Nfix-depleted LSK cells establish themselves in the marrow of recipient mice as efficiently as control at 5 days post-transplant, but thereafter exhausted rapidly. Examination 10 days post-transplant revealed a 5-fold increase in apoptosis specifically in the LSK compartment, but not in its differentiated progeny, in recipients transplanted with Nfix-depleted LSK cells compared to control. The increase in apoptosis was not associated with any apparent change in the cell cycle status of the LSK cells. These data suggest that Nfi genes are necessary for the survival of HSC post-transplantation. In an effort to identify the molecular pathways regulated by Nfi genes in HSC, we acquired the global gene expression profiles of Nfix-depleted HSC. In agreement with our observation that Nfix-deficient HSC displays elevated levels of apoptosis following transplantation in vivo, we observed a significant decrease in multiple genes known to be important for HSC survival, such as Erg, Mecom and Mpl, in Nfix-depleted HSC. In summary, we have for the first time established a role for the Nfi gene family in HSC biology, as evident by a decrease in bone marrow repopulating activity in Nfi-depleted HSCs. By dissecting the precise role of Nfi genes in HSC biology, we will glean insights that could improve our understanding of graft failure in clinical bone marrow transplantations. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Dubravcsik, Zsolt, István Hritz, Attila Szepes e László Madácsy. "Profilaktikus sztentek alkalmazása az endoszkópos retrográd cholangiopancreatographiát követő pancreatitis megelőzésében". Orvosi Hetilap 162, n.º 1 (3 de janeiro de 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.31934.
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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Az endoszkópos retrográd cholangiopancreatographiát (ERCP) követő pancreatitis (PEP) incidenciája a magas kockázatú betegcsoportban 14,7%. Célkitűzés: A munkacsoportunk által szerzett tapasztalatok elemzése. Módszerek: A profilaktikus pancreassztentes (PPS), magas kockázatú betegek adatait tartalmazó prospektív adatbázisunkat elemeztük retrospektív módon. Az adatokat a PEP-incidencia és a súlyosság tekintetében összehasonlítottuk a korábbi, hasonlóan magas kockázatú, sztent nélküli beteganyagunkkal, illetve a sztenteléssel kapcsolatos szövődményeket és a különböző sztenttípusokat is elemeztük. A Cotton-kritériumok szerint értékeltük a PEP-t. Eredmények: A 317, magas kockázatú betegből 288 esetben (90,9%) volt sikeres a PPS-implantáció. A sztent nélküli kontrollcsoportba 121, magas kockázatú beteget választottunk be. A sikeresen sztentelt betegekben a PEP incidenciája 10,0% volt. Ez és a PEP súlyossága (enyhe: 8,3%, középsúlyos: 1,4%, súlyos: 0,3%) is szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt a PPS nélküli beteganyaghoz (PEP: 31,4%, enyhe: 15,7%, középsúlyos: 10,7%, súlyos: 5,0%) és a sikertelenül sztentelt betegekhez (PEP: 41,3%, enyhe: 24,1%, középsúlyos: 13,8%, súlyos: 3,4%) képest. Az utóbbi két csoport közötti különbség nem volt szignifikáns. A sztenttel kapcsolatos szövődmények közül a leggyakrabban a korai sztentkicsúszást (5/288 beteg, 1,74%) és a proximalis sztentmigrációt (3/288 beteg, 1,04%) észleltük. A sztenttípusok közül a legkedvezőbb mellékhatás-profilúnak a Freeman-típusú, belső füllel és külső „pigtail” véggel ellátott sztenteket találtuk. Következtetés: A profilaktikus pancreassztentelés hatékonyan csökkenti a PEP incidenciáját, és a súlyosságát az enyhébb esetek felé tolja el. Alkalmazása viszonylag egyszerű, azonban ismerni kell használatának megfelelő technikáját, időben történő eltávolításának és a szövődmények felismerésének fontosságát. Eredményeink és a nemzetközi ajánlások alapján magas PEP-rizikójú betegekben a PPS rutinszerű alkalmazása minden ERCP-laborban ajánlott. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(1): 31–38. Summary. Introduction: The most frequent complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Its incidence in the high-risk patient population is 14.7%. Objective: To analyze 10 years experiences of our working group. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our prospective database of high-risk patients treated with prophylactic pancreatic stents (PPS) including the period between 2009 and 2014. We compared PEP incidence and severity findings with our historical data of pre-PPS period of similarly high-risk patients (no-stent group), furthermore analyzed the complications of PPS insertion and different stent types. PEP was defined and categorized according to the Cotton criteria. Results: In 317 high-risk patients, PPS implantation was successful in 288 cases (90.9%). The no-stent group comprised of 121 patients. Incidence and the severity of PEP in the successfully stented group (all: 10.0%; mild: 8.3%, moderate: 1.4%, severe: 0.3%) were significantly lower compared to the no-stent group (all: 31.4%; mild: 15.7%, moderate: 10.7%, severe: 5.0%) and the unsuccessfully stented group (all: 41.3%; mild: 24.1%, moderate: 13.8%, severe: 3.4%). The difference between the latter two groups was not significant. Only early dislodgment (5/288 patients, 1.74%) and proximal migration (3/288 patients, 1.04%) were observed as stent-related complications. Freeman type (single inner flange, outer pigtail end) stent was the best based on the complication profile. Conclusion: Prophylactic pancreatic stenting effectively lowers the incidence and severity of PEP. We should recognize the proper technic of its application and the importance of proper timing of its extraction and identification of complications. Utilization of PPSs in high-risk patients is strongly recommended in every ERCP center. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(1): 31–38.