Artigos de revistas: "Franco-British studies"

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Jones, Michael. "Franco-British Studies: Franco-British Relations During the Second Millennium, Christophe Campos". English Historical Review 116, n.º 465 (fevereiro de 2001): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/116.465.172.

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Jones, M. "Franco-British Studies: Franco-British Relations During the Second Millennium, Christophe Campos". English Historical Review 116, n.º 465 (1 de fevereiro de 2001): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/116.465.172.

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WALKER, D. "Review. Franco-British Studies. Journal of the British Institute in Paris. I." French Studies 42, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1988): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/42.1.120.

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Greenhalgh, Elizabeth. "Paul Painlevé and Franco-British Relations in 1917". Contemporary British History 25, n.º 1 (março de 2011): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2011.546094.

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Chin, Rachel. "After the Fall: British Strategy and the Preservation of the Franco-British Alliance in 1940". Journal of Contemporary History 55, n.º 2 (30 de maio de 2019): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419846951.

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The conclusion of the Franco-German armistice in June 1940, followed by the severing of Franco-British diplomatic relations less than two weeks later, has been viewed by historians as the end of Anglo-French cooperation against the Nazi war machine and the beginning of a resurgence in tensions between two historical rivals. However, my research argues that in the days and weeks surrounding the French defeat the British government followed a policy of continuity in its depictions of the Anglo-French relationship. It did so by publically distancing the bulk of the metropolitan French population from Marshal Philippe Pétain’s government. Shining a light on these British policies provides new insights into a number of crucial points. First: the assumption that once victory was achieved, France would assume a place in the victor’s circle. Maintaining, rhetorically at least, the indivisibility of the French population with British war aims was thus crucial to the survival of the long-term and ultimately post-war Anglo-French relationship. Second: these early claims of the non-representativeness of Pétain’s government are important because they suggest that the construction of the French myth of resistance began much earlier and was in fact born out of the idea of Anglo-French cooperation rather than conflict.

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Smith, Christopher. "Reviews : French Studies Franco-British Studies: Journal of the British Institute in Paris, no. 1 (Spring 1986). 92 pp". Journal of European Studies 17, n.º 2 (junho de 1987): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004724418701700204.

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Kelly, D. "Franco-British Cultural Exchanges, 1880-1940: Channel Packets". French Studies 67, n.º 3 (1 de julho de 2013): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knt140.

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STEENMEIJER, MAARTEN. "Other Lives: rock, memory and oblivion in post-Franco fiction". Popular Music 24, n.º 2 (maio de 2005): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143005000450.

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The functions and meanings of the global discourse of American and British rock in national literatures have hardly been studied so far. This article focuses on the very interesting case of Spanish literature after Franco. The central question is: How has rock functioned in the literature of the new Spain, both as intertext and as cultural memory? To be more specific, the main purpose of this contribution is to study the presence, functions and meanings of rock in the narratives of two leading authors of two generations of post-Franco novelists: Antonio Muñoz Molina (1956) and Ray Loriga (1967). Particular attention will be paid to the complicated processes of memory and oblivion articulated by explicit and implicit references to rock in the pivotal novels El jinete polaco (Muñoz Molina 1991) and Héroes (Loriga 1993), and to their functions and meanings in the historical-cultural process of memory and trauma in post-Franco Spain.

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Zoghlami, Hanene. "Franco-British military co-operation in the Great Gas War 1915-1918". War in History 29, n.º 2 (abril de 2022): 406–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344520963311.

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Because the Anglophone historiography has tended to marginalize the French contribution to the allied chemical war during the Great War 1914-1918, this study has attempted to re-balance the historical narrative by emphasizing the collective nature and importance of this joint Franco-British enterprise. By interrogating a raft of under-utilized primary evidence in the French and British archives, elements of the two armies’ defensive and offensive gas warfare performance have been reassessed through the co-operation prism. The investigation demonstrates how closely, comprehensively, and effectively the two allies worked together in chemical weapon production and exchange, research and development, anti-gas protection, and indirect battlefield applications.

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Cross, Gary. "Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco-British Economic History. François Crouzet , Martin Thom". Journal of Modern History 66, n.º 2 (junho de 1994): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/244839.

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Greenhalgh, Elizabeth. "Errors and Omissions in Franco–British Co-operation over Munitions Production, 1914–1918". War in History 14, n.º 2 (abril de 2007): 179–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344507075876.

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Haugen, Marius Warholm. "Traduire le Voyage comme acte politique". Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 55, n.º 2 (7 de agosto de 2019): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.17016.hau.

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Abstract This article studies the discourse in the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century French periodical press on the topic of translations of travel writing. It reveals that travel reviews were arenas for discussing the political and ideological value of translating travelogues into French, notably from English. In the context of the Franco-British conflicts at the turn of the century, the French press perceived translations of British travel writing as potential patriotic tools that allowed different ways of countering or subverting British global influence. Paratextual elements of translations, the translator’s prefaces and notes, appeared to be particularly important in this respect. By analysing the periodical discourse on travel book translations, the article shows how travel writing was constructed as a politically invested genre.

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Hucker, Daniel. "The French Media and the Forging of a Franco-British Alliance in the late 1930s". Media History 23, n.º 3-4 (5 de abril de 2017): 330–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2017.1309268.

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Love, Gary. "‘Real Toryism’ or Christian democracy? The political thought of Douglas Jerrold and Charles Petrie at the New English Review, 1945–50*". Historical Research 93, n.º 261 (13 de julho de 2020): 551–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htaa005.

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Abstract This article uses the periodical press, memoirs and archival sources to examine the Conservative thought of Douglas Jerrold and Charles Petrie at the New English Review between 1945 and 1950. It seeks to argue that while there was more continuity than rupture in their political thought, they were able to make a transition from interwar authoritarianism and ‘fascism’ to postwar anti-communism and democracy. There were similarities between their political Catholicism and Christian democracy, but ultimately their ‘real Toryism’ and continued sympathy for Franco prevented them from fully aligning themselves with British and west European Christian democrats.

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Magadeev, Iskander Eduardovich. "The Ruhr Crisis of 1923 and the International Transition in Europe after the WWI". Genesis: исторические исследования, n.º 3 (março de 2024): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2024.3.40374.

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Article aims to analyze the impact of the Ruhr crisis 1923 on the history of the international relations in Europe after the WWI. This crisis, which began by the occupation of the Ruhr region by the French and Belgian troops and ended by the approval of the new reparation plan (Dawes plan) in 1924, played the crucial role in the transformation of the international order (so-called Versailles order), envisaged by the Paris peace conference of 1919–1920. Author scrutinizes such aspects, as the links between the Ruhr crisis and the specifics of the WWI ending, he discerns the crisis' consequences in the Western and Eastern Europe, the role of the Anglo-American mediation in the regulation of the Franco-German conflict, according to the British and US interests. The essay concludes that the Ruhr crisis made critical impact on the consolidation of the Versailles order. The events unfolded in 1923, created the conditions for the "international turn" of 1924–1925, including the formation of the Anglo-Franco-German "European concert" instead of the Entente disintegrated during the crisis. Author demonstrates the direct link between the events of 1923 and the further stabilization of Europe negotiated during the London (1924) and Locarno conferences (1925), though this link sometimes remains "under shadow" in the major studies of the international relations in Europe after WWI. Besides this, the novelty of the article is explained by the rarely used documents from the British and French archives analyzed by the author.

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Carley, Michael Jabara. "Fiasco: The Anglo-Franco-Soviet Alliance That Never Was and the Unpublished British White Paper, 1939–1940". International History Review 41, n.º 4 (13 de abril de 2018): 701–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2018.1458043.

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Chaline, Olivier. ""I Told Him That the French Army Being Auxiliary in This Continent, It Was Up to the American General to Give His Orders": The Paradoxes of French Military Operations in America, 1778–1783". Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 22, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2024): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2024.a920459.

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Abstract: On 19 October 1781, at the surrender of Yorktown, the Comte de Rochambeau replied to the British general Charles O'Hara, who wanted to give his sword to Rochambeau rather than George Washington, that the French army was only auxiliary on this continent. This reply corresponded exactly to the mission defined at Versailles the previous year. But it is surprising: how can a great military power take orders from a smaller one? The answer lies in the evolution of the practical arrangements for Franco-American military cooperation between 1778 and 1781. France sent large naval and land forces across the Atlantic. But for success to be possible, the French and Americans had to be able to act together, and French sailors and soldiers had to be able to master combined operations.

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Pratt, Michael. "A Fallen Idol: The Impact of the Franco-Prussian War on the Perception of Germany by British Intellectuals". International History Review 7, n.º 4 (novembro de 1985): 543–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1985.9640392.

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Palfreeman, Linda. "The Maternité Anglaise: A Lasting Legacy of the Friends’ War Victims’ Relief Committee to the People of France during the First World War (1914–1918)". Religions 12, n.º 4 (9 de abril de 2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040265.

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After the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914, the British government’s call to arms caused a moral and religious dilemma for members of the Religious Society of Friends (Friends or Quakers), whose fundamental principle was (and is) the rejection of war and violence. Many Friends sought means of reconciling their duty to God with their duty to their country, and the prospect of helping to alleviate the suffering of the civilian victims of the fighting provided them with an acceptable alternative. Together with fellow Friend T. Edmund Harvey MP, Dr Hilda Clark set about rallying the support of Friends and sympathisers willing to go out to France to administer humanitarian aid to non-combatants. The committee adopted the name used by the distinguished organisation that had administered relief in the Franco-Prussian War—the Friends’ War Victims’ Relief Committee (FWVRC). Extensive and multifaceted aid work was carried out in much of northern France by the FWVRC’s general relief team. The following essay, however, examines more closely the medical assistance provided under the leadership of Hilda Clark. In particular, it focuses on the maternity hospital created and run by the FWVRC in Châlons-sur-Marne, which became a lasting legacy of the Friends to the people of the Marne.

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Schabert, Ina. "English Fiction in France: A Cross-Channel Dialogue at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century". Nottingham French Studies 61, n.º 1 (março de 2022): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2022.0338.

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After a period of postmodern innovation, readers as well as some writers in France have developed a taste for English fiction, preferably for texts that invite immersive reading. In contrast to earlier cross-Channel studies with their emphasis on French influence on English literature, an enquiry into current Anglo-French literary relations might show the reverse being true. For a start, this article discusses creative responses to English works in three French novels: Sylvia Tabet represents the Franco-British literary dialogue as an encounter with a variety of Victorian and post-Victorian voices; Julie Wolkenstein stages it as a negotiation between a novel by Henry James and her own fiction; and Jacqueline Harpman replies to Virginia Woolf’s Orlando with an updated version of the myth of the androgyne. Like the English pre-texts, the French offshoots encourage identificatory reading, yet by their mise en abyme techniques they also provoke critical reflection.

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Cameron, Rondo. "Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco-British Economic History. By François Crouzet. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Pp. vi, 514. $75.00." Journal of Economic History 52, n.º 3 (setembro de 1992): 711–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700011529.

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Ponoy, Bundit, Yong-Pyo Hong, Jack Woods, Barry Jaquish e John E. Carlson. "Chloroplast DNA diversity of Douglas-fir in British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, n.º 9 (1 de setembro de 1994): 1824–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-236.

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The level of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity was estimated among individuals, populations, and geographic regions of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in British Columbia by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) from 18 populations covering the three geographic regions (coast, transition zone, and interior). Four sets of pooled probes, consisting of four to eight cpDNA clones from lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.), were used as hybridization probes for RFLP analysis. Thirty cpDNA restriction fragments out of a total of 175 observed fragments were detected to be polymorphic in all four sets of hybridization probes. Sixteen haplotypes were characterized among all of the Douglas-fir populations. The transition region showed the highest level of total genetic diversity (0.853) and genetic diversity within populations (0.762) of the three regions. The highest degree of population differentiation was found in the interior region (0.193). A higher proportion of the genetic diversity was allocated within populations than among populations in all three regions. Only 11–19% (mean 14.6%) of the total genetic diversity within geographic regions is due to interpopulation genetic diversities. The distribution of cpDNA diversity in sampled B.C. Douglas-fir is concordant with a typical pattern for long-lived woody species as observed in allozyme studies.

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Zouplna, Jan. "Speaking Trade, Aiming Beyond: Israel’s Economic Relations with France and Britain before 1956". Oriente Moderno 100, n.º 3 (23 de abril de 2021): 419–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340236.

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Abstract Israel’s relationship with the West during the first half of the 1950s was not a walk in the park. Economic relations fitted into this general picture. Both Britain and France were sceptical as far as Israel’s potential was concerned. Their early prognoses tended to be quite gloomy. Simultaneously, economic relations provided a convenient communication channel at a time when overt association with the Jewish state was not desirable. The progress in Franco-Israeli economic ties during the years 1953-1955 illustrates this ambivalence in full. While prudence remained, the increase in bilateral trade managed to warrant the military supplies. Britain, constituting a traditional market, surpassed France as a trading partner. Given British political aloofness, the instrument of trade served primarily its immediate economic purpose. Based on archival sources gathered in all of the three countries, the paper traces the interplay of trade and diplomacy in the early years of Israel’s foreign relations.

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Xu, Chong. "Imperialism in the city: war and the making of the municipal administration in the French Concession of Shanghai in the Taiping period, 1853–1862". Urban History 47, n.º 1 (31 de maio de 2019): 126–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926819000579.

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AbstractThis article, based on western primary sources, seeks to investigate the relationship between western imperialism in China and the making of modern Chinese statecraft in urban form, focusing on the French perspective and on historical institutionalism. Both internal rebellions and western empires shaped modern Chinese cities. The Chinese response to western intervention is a more complicated story. Pace Paul Cohen, we do need to know about foreign activities in modern China – not as ‘impact-response’ and ‘tradition-modernity’ paradigms – but rather as part of local history, both in terms of local administration and urban landscape. Euro-American expansion and exploitation are not part of a unitary or totalizing enterprise, and warfare and Franco-British conflicts facilitated the making of modern municipal administration in the French Concession of Shanghai; on the other hand, Chinese forces indirectly shaped the structure of the institutions of imperialism, as well as pointing to divergent national approaches to imperialism.

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Otvos, I. S., J. C. Cunningham e W. J. Kaupp. "AERIAL APPLICATION OF TWO BACULOVIRUSES AGAINST THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA". Canadian Entomologist 121, n.º 3 (março de 1989): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent121209-3.

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AbstractTwo viruses, one a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the other a granulosis virus, were applied in an attempt to initiate epizootics in populations of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, on Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, in southeastern British Columbia. Two 172-ha plots were aerially treated in 1982 with 9.0 kg of lyophilized, virus-infected larval powder that was formulated in an emulsifiable oil tank mix and applied at 9.4 L per hectare. Each plot was treated when larval populations were at the peak of the fourth instar. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was applied at 5.4 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies per hectare and the granulosis virus at 1.7 × 1014 capsules per hectare. Results showed that the granulosis virus treatment caused 34.6% population reduction (Abbott’s formula) and the nuclear polyhedrosis virus 51.8%. Larvae from treated and check plots were reared individually in the laboratory and the incidence of viruses, parasitoids, and successful adult emergence was recorded. Studies m these plots continued in 1983 and 1984. Although vertical transmission of both viruses was evident, their impact on budworm mortality was less than in 1982. Consequently, the epizootics were not sufficiently intense to control the target insect population.

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John, P. "Urban Economic Policy Networks in Britain and France; A Sociometric Approach". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 16, n.º 3 (junho de 1998): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c160307.

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Local economic development policy networks in four cities in Britain and France (Leeds, Southampton, Lille, and Rennes) are compared by means of the technique of sociometric network analysis. The author's objective was to find out if, in an age of internationalisation and urban competition, networks still conform to the structure suggested by the classic Franco-British comparative studies, or whether they resemble the more open and interorganisational pattern characteristic of the new urban governance. After setting out the methods and the sociometric approach, the author identifies actors who have the ten highest centrality scores in the four cities, The author concludes that, in spite of continuing contrasts in the national institutional structures and differences in the politics and cultures of the four cities, there is a surprising similarity in the key actors involved in urban economic development; these actors include individuals from the locally elected authorities, central government bodies, and businesses. The new urban governance is based on the range of agencies responsible for economic development and upon the growing importance of business in policy formulation and implementation.

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Blatt, Suzie E., e John H. Borden. "DISTRIBUTION AND IMPACT OF LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALS HEIDEMANN (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) IN SEED ORCHARDS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA". Canadian Entomologist 128, n.º 6 (dezembro de 1996): 1065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1281065-6.

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AbstractLeptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is considered to be an important cone and seed pest in seed orchards in British Columbia; however, no impact studies have been done in Canada. Surveys to determine the distribution of L. occidentalis were conducted over a 3-year period in three coastal seed orchards of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and over a 2-year period in two seed orchards of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann. Leptoglossus occidentalis was found to distribute itself in patches, coinciding with a clonal preference. Seed losses were assessed for 2 years in the coastal Douglas-fir orchards and for 1 year in one lodgepole pine orchard. The percentages of partially filled seed that could have been caused by feeding of L. occidentalis or by a number of other factors were < 5% in coastal Douglas-fir for both 1992 and 1993 and ~14% in lodgepole pine in 1993. Apparently because populations of L. occidentalis were low, there was no correlation between the percentage of partially filled seed and number of insects per tree. Except in unusual circumstances, management measures in Canada are judged not to be necessary as populations of L. occidentalis are consistently below the calculated threshold levels required to cause ≥5% loss in seed production.

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Wilson, J. S., e C. D. Oliver. "Stability and density management in Douglas-fir plantations". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2000): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-027.

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Limited tree size variation in coastal Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations makes them susceptible to developing high height to diameter ratios (H/D same units) in the dominant trees. The H/D of a tree is a relative measure of stability under wind and snow loads. Experimental plot data from three large studies was used to evaluate the impact of initial planting densities and thinning on plantation H/D values. The H/D predictions from the experimental plot data match spacing trial results closely but are substantially different than distance-independent growth model predictions. The results suggest that plantation H/D values can be lowered and stability promoted through reduced planting densities or early thinning; however, later thinnings may not be effective in promoting stability, since they do not appear to lower H/D values. Higher initial planting densities shorten the time period during which thinning can be expected to effectively lower future H/D values. Time-sensitive thinning requirements in dense plantations make their management inflexible. The flexibility with which a stand can be managed describes the rigidity of intervention requirements and (or) potential range of stand development pathways.

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Spector, Sherman David. "Relapse Into Bondage 1918-1947: the Political Memoirs of Alexandre Cretzianu, Free Romania's Last World Diplomatist Chapter 7 the Franco-British Guarantees". Southeastern Europe 16, n.º 1 (1989): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633389x00057.

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Grantham, George. "Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco-British Economic History. ByFrançois Crouzet · New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. ii + 514 pp. Charts, tables, notes, and index. $75.00." Business History Review 65, n.º 4 (1991): 1015–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117301.

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Kranabetter, J. M. "Ectomycorrhizal fungi and the nitrogen economy of conifers — implications for genecology and climate change mitigation". Botany 92, n.º 6 (junho de 2014): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0198.

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The nitrogen (N) economy of conifers is hypothesized to reflect three spatially defined and interacting sources of variability in forest nutrition. These include the physiological adaptations of the host tree (N uptake capacities among populations), matched to the particular amount and nature of soil N supply (organic N, NH4+, and NO3–), as mediated by communities of site-adapted ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. The spatial attributes of an N economy may vary considerably over the ranges of tree species because of wide gradients in climate and soil fertility, underpinning a potentially important aspect of conifer genecology with implications for climate change mitigation. The evidence for an intersection of N supply with host demand, as mediated by EM fungi, will be briefly reviewed and then evaluated in light of assisted migration studies involving provenance trials of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) in southwestern British Columbia. The trials were established across a wide range of site types, and so they provide valuable data on host response to gradations in soil N supply and interactions with local EM fungal communities. Preliminary results and knowledge gaps will be discussed under the framework of an N economy and management of forest genetic resources.

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Thompson, Neil P., Kathy J. Lewis e Lisa M. Poirier. "Adjacency to a harvest trail increases drought resistance of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) in partially harvested stands in central British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, n.º 7 (julho de 2018): 809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0007.

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Drought tolerance of trees may be affected by competition, but most studies quantifying the relationship do not consider the effect of stem clustering. Trees are often clustered in interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mayr) Franco) forests near the grassland interface in central British Columbia due to past harvesting practices or habitat management for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)). Climate change projections indicate continued increases in temperature, an outcome that would stress trees growing in dry environments. Trees placed in different states of competition by mechanical harvesting in the 1970s were sampled to provide a 40-year comparison of three levels of competition during 1–2 year droughts. Tree-ring analysis was used to assess the reduction in growth during drought years and resumption of growth in subsequent years. A clear separation of growth rates was evident between open-growing trees, trees on the edge of harvesting trails, and trees within the unharvested interior. Edge trees had intermediate growth rates but no differences were found in the long-term climate–growth relationship compared with open-growing trees. Both Edge and Open classes showed less relative growth reduction during droughts than Interior trees growing between harvest trails. Precipitation throughfall rates and competition for resources are likely driving short-term drought tolerance in combination with other factors.

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Schwab, Wallace. "British and French Statutory Drafting, The Proceedings of the Franco-British Conference of 7 and 8 April 1986, sous la direction de Sir William DALE, Londres, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (University of London), 176 p." Les Cahiers de droit 29, n.º 2 (1988): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042898ar.

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Shoemaker, Robert B. "Christophe Campos (ed.), ‘London and Paris from the beginnings to the year 2,000’, Franco-British Studies [special issue], nos 17 and 18 (1994). Journal of the British Institute in Paris. 110 pp. 17 illustrations. £20.00; 200 F.fr." Urban History 23, n.º 3 (dezembro de 1996): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800016953.

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Forgacs, David, e Rachele Tardi. "Introduction: disability rights and wrongs in Italy". Modern Italy 19, n.º 2 (maio de 2014): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2014.911552.

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This is the first issue ofModern Italyto focus on disability. We want to thank the general editors of the journal, Philip Cooke and John Foot, for having welcomed our proposal for it. The original nucleus was the panel ‘Disabilities' at the conference ‘Language, Space and Otherness in Italy since 1860’, which David Forgacs organised at the British School at Rome on 24-25 June 2010. The decision to include a panel on that topic was influenced, in turn, by Rachele Tardi's experience in 2009–2010 of managing a project in Ethiopia, funded by the Italian Foreign Ministry, for the NGO Comitato Collaborazione Medica, which worked with local partners on community-based rehabilitation (CBR) of people with disabilities. Our discussions of CBR at that time stimulated our interest in looking more closely at the contemporary situation of disability rights in Italy. Our main objective in editing this issue has been to offer readers a representative sample of writing both by Italian disability activists and researchers and by non-Italian scholars working on Italian disability issues. We deliberately sought a mix of academic writing and writing by people actively engaged in work for disability rights. Giampiero Griffo, who was the discussant at the conference panel and is one of the authors included here, was a willing mediator for other articles, and we would like to thank him for his support and help in making this issue happen. We also thank Franco Baldasso for his hard work assisting the editorial process, our peer reviewers for their invaluable input, and our translators, Bryan Brazeau, Kristin Szostek Chertoff, Brian DeGrazia and Stuart Oglethorpe. We should also like to thank Pier Vittorio Barbieri, Claudia Bertolè, Flavia Monceri and Antonio Pascale.

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Marchi, Maurizio, e Claudia Cocozza. "Probabilistic Provenance Detection and Management Pathways for Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco in Italy Using Climatic Analogues". Plants 10, n.º 2 (23 de janeiro de 2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020215.

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The introduction of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in Europe has been one of the most important and extensive silvicultural experiments since the 1850s. This success was mainly supported by the species’ wide genome and phenotypic plasticity even if the genetic origin of seeds used for plantations is nowadays often unknown. This is especially true for all the stands planted before the IUFRO experimentation in the 1960s. In this paper, a methodology to estimate the Douglas-fir provenances currently growing in Italy is proposed. The raw data from the last Italian National Forest Inventory were combined with literature information to obtain the current spatial distribution of the species in the country representing its successful introduction. Afterwards, a random forest classification model was run using downscaled climatic data as predictors and the classification scheme adopted in previous research studies in the Pacific North West of America. The analysis highlighted good matching between the native and the introduction range in Italy. Coastal provenances from British Columbia and the dry coast of Washington were detected as the most likely seed sources, covering 63.4% and 33.8% of the current distribution of the species in the country, respectively. Interior provenances and those from the dry coast of Oregon were also represented but limited to very few cases. The extension of the model on future scenarios predicted a gradual shift in suitable provenances with the dry coast of Oregon in the mid-term (2050s) and afterwards California (2080s) being highlighted as possible new seed sources. However, only further analysis with genetic markers and molecular methods will be able to confirm the proposed scenarios. A validation of the genotypes currently available in Italy will be mandatory as well as their regeneration processes (i.e., adaptation), which may also diverge from those occurring in the native range due to a different environmental pressure. This new information will also add important knowledge, allowing a refinement of the proposed modeling framework for a better support for forest managers.

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Altink, Henrice. "The Franco‐British conference on slavery from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth century oxford, 5–6 December 1998, organized by the Maison Française, Nuffield College and the Centre for African Studies". Social History 24, n.º 3 (outubro de 1999): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071029908568072.

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Kneeshaw, Daniel D., Harry Williams, Eero Nikinmaa e Christian Messier. "Patterns of above- and below-ground response of understory conifer release 6 years after partial cutting". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2002): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-190.

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An increased pressure to use silvicultural techniques not based on clear-cutting followed by planting has led to an interest in systems that take advantage of existing understory seedlings (advance regeneration). Earlier studies have suggested that following harvesting, understory seedlings may experience growth reductions before responding with growth increases. We hypothesize that this "growth shock" following release results because seedlings are ill adjusted to the new growing conditions and that this can be investigated through a comparison of growth in different parts of the tree over a 6-year period. This study compares the growth response of three size classes of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings to a partial overstory removal in relatively dry conifer forests of central British Columbia. Growth was evaluated in four parts of the studied trees: radial increment in roots, in the base of the stem, and in branches, as well as leader height growth extension. Our findings show that following release from the overstory, early growth increases were largest in the roots and stems irrespective of the species or the size class. Differences between the species were observed in greater absolute height growth for pine, whereas Douglas-fir invested in greater stem growth, especially in the larger individuals. Important differences also occurred temporally. Both species (and all size classes) responded with an immediate increase in root growth followed, after a 1-year delay, by an increase in stem growth. Branch radial increment (for pine) and leader height growth (both species), however, experienced 2 to 3 year growth reductions before responding. It is therefore suggested that individuals restore the rootshoot balance by greater initial investments to root growth to offset the increased transpiration losses associated with the greater light and higher temperature conditions and the relative changes in the photosynthetic versus nutrient uptake capacity following the canopy opening. Foresters may therefore be able to manipulate tree growth responses by using an appropriate degree of overstory removal or opening size.

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Pepiol, Rafael Manuel. "Reviews : Denis Smyth, Diplomacy and Strategy of Survival: British Policy and Franco's Spain, 1940-41, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986; xi + 335pp; £30.00. Willard L. Beaulac, Franco: Silent Ally in World War II. Carbondale and Edwardsville, Southern Illinois University Press, 1986; ix + 233pp; no price given". European History Quarterly 18, n.º 2 (abril de 1988): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026569148801800211.

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VARGAFTIG, NADIA. "A CONSTRUÇÃO VISUAL DE UM TERRITORIO COLONIAL: o fundo fotográfico da Companhia de Moçambique (1892-1942)". Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 13, n.º 22 (28 de dezembro de 2016): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v13i22.552.

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Este artigo pretende introduzir e apresentar a parte fotográfica do Arquivo da Companhia de Moçambique, acervo depositado há 15 anos no Arquivo da Torre do Tombo em Lisboa. Fornecendo algumas informações relativas á sua produção, conservação e indexação, assim como outras de ordem estatástica (origem geográfica, conteúdo temático, data de produção), gostaráamos de salientar seu valor para o pesquisador interessado em estudos visuais da dominação colonial em contexto luso-imperial, mostrando a diversidade das funções do clichê. Instrumento de estudo técnico e cientáfico, ilustração da vida social na colónia central de Moçambique, suporte de propaganda e comunicação, a fotografia produzida entre o fim da década dos anos 1880 e 1942 merece a atenção, quando utilizada com a máxima atenção dada ao contexto local, regional, imperial e internacional, principalmente quando se trata de uma instituição hábrida como a Companhia de Moçambique, portuguesa pela lei, franco-britá¢nica pelos capitais, que administrou e controlou Moçambique central, mantendo relações complexas com o Estado português, a sociedade colonial e os interesses capitalistas norte-europeus.Palavras-chave: Companhia de Moçambique. Arquivo fotográfico. Propaganda.VISUAL CONSTRUCTION OF A COLONIAL TERRITORY: the photographic collection of Mozambique Company (1892-1942)Abstract: This article aims to introduce the photographic part of the Mozambique Companhy Files , which has been incorporated 15 years ago in the Files of ”Torre do Tombo”, in Lisbon. Providing some information concerning to its production ,conservation and organization, as well as others on the statistic field (geographical origin, thematic content and year of production) we”™d like to underline its value for researchers who are interested in visual studies applied to colonial domination in Portuguese imperial context, showing how diverse are the functions of the cliché. Tool for technical and scientific studies, illustration of the social life in the central colony of Mozambique, support of propaganda and communication, the photography produced between the end of the decade of the 1880”™s and 1942, deserves our attention, when it is analysed focusing on local, regional, imperial and international context, particularly for such an hybrid institution, portuguese by the law, french-british by the investments which administrated and controled the central of Mozambique, maintaining complex relations with the Portuguese state, the colonial society and capitalist North-European interests.Keywords: Mozambique Company. Photographic File archive. Propaganda. Construcción visual de un territorio colonial: la colección fotográfica de la Compañáa de Mozambique (1892-1942)Resumen: Este artáculo pretende introducir la parte fotográfica del Archivo de la Compañáa de Mozambique, que se ha incorporado hace 15 años al Archivo de la Torre do Tombo, en Lisboa. Al dar algunas informaciones sobre sus condiciones de producción, conservación e indexación, y otras relativas a las estadásticas (origen geográfico, contenido temático y fecha de producción), queremos subrayar su valor para el investigador interesado en los estudios visuales aplicados a la dominación colonial en contexto luso-imperial, mostrando la diversidad de las funciones del cliché. Herramienta para estudio técnico y cientáfico, ilustración de la vida social en la colonia central de Mozambique, apoyo a la propaganda y la comunicación, la fotografáa producida entre finales de la década de 1880 y 1942 merece nuestra atención, cuando utilizada enfocando el contexto local, regional, imperial e internacional, en particular para una institución tan hábrida como la Compañáa de Mozambique, portuguesa por la ley, franco-británica por los capitales, que administró y controló Mozambique central, manteniendo relaciones complejas con el Estado portugués, la sociedad colonial y los intereses capitalistas norte-europeos.Palabras-claves: Compañáa de Mozambique. Archivo fotográfico. Propaganda.

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Kubben, Raymond. "Frederik Dhondt , Balance of Power and Norm Hierarchy. Franco-British Diplomacy after the Peace of Utrecht, Studies in the History of International Law, vol. 7, Leiden-Boston: Brill Nijhoff, 2015, xii + 636pp., ISBN 978-90-04-29374-8". Leiden Journal of International Law 30, n.º 2 (15 de fevereiro de 2017): 558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156517000103.

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Pang, P. C., H. J. Barclay e K. McCullough. "Aboveground nutrient distribution within trees and stands in thinned and fertilized Douglas-fir". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, n.º 11 (1 de novembro de 1987): 1379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-213.

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The aboveground distribution of five elemental nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) among seven tree components was studied in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) 9 years after thinning and urea fertilization at Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia. Thinning increased the concentration of N but decreased Mg within trees and increased the total gain in weight per hectare of all elements. Fertilization reduced the concentration of N, P, and K within trees after 9 years but increased the total weight per hectare of all elements except P. Each element was distributed heterogeneously among seven components of the trees.

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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews". Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 160, n.º 2 (2004): 363–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003732.

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-Timothy P. Barnard, Cynthia Chou, Indonesian sea nomads; Money, magic, and fear of the Orang Suku Laut. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003, xii + 159 pp. -R.H. Barnes, Toos van Dijk, Gouden eiland in de Bandazee; Socio-kosmische ideeën op Marsela, Maluku Tenggara, Indonesië. Leiden: Onderzoekschool voor Aziatische, Afrikaanse en Amerindische studies (CNWS), Universiteit Leiden, 2000, 458 pp. [CNWS Publications 94.] -Andrew Beatty, Peter G. Riddell, Islam and the Malay-Indonesian world; Transmission and responses. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2001, xvii + 349 pp. -Peter Boomgaard, Richard H. Grove ,El Niño - history and crisis; Studies from the Asia-Pacific region. Cambridge: White Horse Press, 2000, 230 pp., John Chappell (eds) -Bernardita Reyes Churchill, Florentino Rodao, Franco y el imperio japonés; Imágenes y propaganda en tiempos de guerra. Barcelona: Plaza and Janés, 2002, 669 pp. -Matthew Cohen, Stuart Robson, The Kraton; Selected essays on Javanese courts. Translated by Rosemary Robson-McKillop. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2003, xxvi + 397 pp. [Translation series 28.] -Serge Dunis, Ben Finney, Sailing in the wake of the ancestors; Reviving Polynesian voyaging. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 2003, 176 pp. [Legacy of excellence.] -Heleen Gall, Jan A. Somers, De VOC als volkenrechtelijke actor. Deventer: Gouda Quint, Rotterdam: Sanders Instituut, 2001, x + 350 pp. -David Henley, Harold Brookfield, Exploring agrodiversity. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001, xix + 348 pp. -David Hicks, Ernst van Veen ,A guide to the sources of the history of Dutch-Portuguese relations in Asia (1594-1797). With a foreword by Leonard Blussé. Leiden: Institute for the history of European expansion, 2001, iv + 378 pp. [Intercontinenta 24.], Daniël Klijn (eds) -Nico Kaptein, Donald J. Porter, Managing politics and Islam in Indonesia. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002, xxi + 264 pp. -Victor T. King, Monica Janowski, The forest, source of life; The Kelabit of Sarawak. London: British Museum Press, 2003, vi + 154 pp. [Occasional paper 143.] -Dick van der Meij, Andrée Jaunay, Exploration dans la presqu île malaise par Jacques de Morgan 1884. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2003, xiv + 268 pp. Avec les contributions de Christine Lorre, Antonio Guerreiro et Antoine Verney. -Toon van Meijl, Richard Eves, The magical body; Power, fame and meaning in a Melanesian society. Amsterdam: Harwood academic, 1998, xxii + 302 pp. [Studies in Anthropology and History 23.] -Otto van den Muijzenberg, Florentino Rodao ,The Philippine revolution of 1896; Ordinary lives in extraordinary times. Quezon city: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2001, xx + 303 pp., Felice Noelle Rodriguez (eds) -Frank Okker, Kees Snoek, Manhafte heren en rijke erfdochters; Het voorgeslacht van E. du Perron op Java. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 2003, 103 pp. [Boekerij 'Oost en West'.] (met medewerking van Tim Timmers) -Oona Thommes Paredes, Greg Bankoff, Cultures of disaster; Society and natural hazard in the Philippines, 2003, xviii + 232 pp. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003, xviii + 232 pp. -Angela Pashia, Lake' Baling, The old Kayan religion and the Bungan religious reform. Translated and annotated by Jérôme Rousseau. Kota Samarahan: Unit Penerbitan Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 2002, xviii + 124 pp. [Dayak studies monographs, Oral literature series 4.] -Anton Ploeg, Susan Meiselas, Encounters with the Dani; Stories from the Baliem Valley. New York: International center of photography, Göttingen: Steidl, 2003, 196 pp. -Nathan Porath, Robert W. Hefner, The politics of multiculturalism; Pluralism and citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2001, ix + 319 pp. -Jan van der Putten, Timothy P. Barnard, Multiple centres of authority; Society and environment in Siak and eastern Sumatra, 1674-1827. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2003, xvi + 206 pp. [Verhandelingen 210.] -Jan Piet Puype, David van Duuren, Krisses; A critical bibliography. Wijk en Aalburg: Pictures Publishers, 2002, 192 pp. -Thomas H. Slone, Gertrudis A.M. Offenberg ,Amoko - in the beginning; Myths and legends of the Asmat and Mimika Papuans. Adelaide: Crawford House, 2002, xxviii + 276 pp., Jan Pouwer (eds) -Fridus Steijlen, Kwa Chong Guan ,Oral history in Southeast Asia; Theory and method. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 2000, xii + 172 pp., James H. Morrison, Patricia Lim Pui Huen (eds) -Fridus Steijlen, P. Lim Pui Huen ,War and memory in Malaysia and Singapore. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 2000, vii + 193 pp., Diana Wong (eds) -Jaap Timmer, Andrew Lattas, Cultures of secrecy; Reinventing race in Bush Kaliai cargo cults. Madison/London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, xliv + 360 pp. -Edwin Wieringa, Kartika Setyawati ,Katalog naskah Merapi-Merbabu; Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Penerbitan Universitas Sanata Dharma, Leiden: Opleiding Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Azië en Oceanië, 2002, ix + 278 pp. [Semaian 23.], I. Kuntara Wiryamartana, Willem van der Molen (eds) -Julian Millie, Jakob Sumardjo, Simbol-simbol artefak budaya Sunda; Tafsir-tafsir pantun Sunda. Bandung: Kelir, 2003, xxvi + 364 pp. -Julian Millie, T. Christomy, Wawacan Sama'un; Edisi teks dan analisis struktur Jakarta: Djambatan (in cooperation with the Ford Foundation), 2003, viii + 404 pp. -Julian Millie, Dadan Wildan, Sunan Gunung Jati (antara fiksi dan fakta); Pembumian Islam dengan pendekatan struktural dan kultural. Bandung: Humaniora Utama Press, 2002, xx + 372 pp.

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Claveau, Yves, Philip G. Comeau, Christian Messier e Colin P. Kelly. "Early above- and below-ground responses of subboreal conifer seedlings to various levels of deciduous canopy removal". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2006): 1891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-049.

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We examined the growth of understory conifers, following partial or complete deciduous canopy removal, in a field study established in two regions in Canada. In central British Columbia, we studied the responses of three species (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., and Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), and in northwestern Quebec, we studied one species (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.). Stem and root diameter and height growth were measured 5 years before and 3 years after harvesting. Both root and stem diameter growth increased sharply following release but seedlings showed greater root growth, suggesting that in the short term, improvement in soil resource capture and transport, and presumably stability, may be more important than an increase in stem diameter and height growth. Response was strongly size dependent, which appears to reflect greater demand for soil resources as well as higher light levels and greater tree vigour before release for taller individuals. Growth ratios could not explain the faster response generally attributed to true fir species or the unusual swift response of spruces. Good prerelease vigour of spruces, presumably favoured by deciduous canopies, could explain their rapid response to release.

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Sicking, Louis. "France and the Dutch Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth Century". Itinerario 22, n.º 1 (março de 1998): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300012419.

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In the historiography of the colonial empires in the nineteenth century, much attention has been paid to the large European powers Britain and France. When the Dutch colonial empire is studied in an international context it is mostly in relation to the British empire. However, little or no attention has been given by scholars to Franco-Dutch colonial relations. This is surprising given the fact that after Britain, France and the Netherlands were the second and third largest colonial empires. Three Franco-Dutch colonial frontiers existed: in South America between French Guyana and Surinam, in the Caribbean on the island of St Martin and in Africa on the Gold Coast. In Asia, where the most important Dutch colony, Indonesia, was located, the French and Dutch did not have neighbouring possessions. Nonetheless, because of its location, Indonesia was highly important for navigation between France and Indo-China. In each of the regions mentioned above, French colonial administrators or private individuals developed plans to extend French territory at the expense of the Dutch: on St Martin from 1843 to 1853, on the Gold Coast from 1867 to 1871, in South America from 1887 to 1891 in Indonesia in 1888. This article will focus on nineteenth century France-Dutch colonial relations and will. address such questions as: what were the motives of the French administrators and how effectively did they exert pressure on the metropolitan government in order to effect their schemes? What was the role of special interest groups? And finally how did the Netherlands react? Being a small European power, how were they able to resist the French?

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Chen, Han Y. H., Karel Klinka e Gordon J. Kayahara. "Effects of light on growth, crown architecture, and specific leaf area for naturally established Pinuscontorta var. latifolia and Pseudotsugamenziesii var. glauca saplings". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, n.º 7 (1 de julho de 1996): 1149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-128.

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We studied growth, crown architecture, and specific leaf area acclimation of a shade-intolerant species, Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm., and a moderately shade-tolerant species, Pseudotsugamenziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco, using naturally regenerated saplings along a wide range of light conditions. Study sites were located within a dry-summer, cool-temperate climate represented by the Dry Cool Interior Douglas-fir biogeoclimatic subzone near Williams Lake, British Columbia, Canada. In an open light environment, Pinuscontorta had a greater growth increment in both terminal and lateral shoots than did Pseudotsugamenziesii. With decreasing light availability (i) terminal increment, mean lateral increment, and total lateral increment decreased in both species (although Pinuscontorta reduced lateral growth significantly faster than Pseudotsugamenziesii); (ii) the ratio of mean lateral to terminal increment in Pinuscontorta did not change, but significantly increased in Pseudotsugamenziesii; (iii) the ratio of total lateral to terminal increment in Pinuscontorta decreased, but increased in Pseudotsugamenziesii; and (iv) specific leaf area in both species increased (in Pseudotsugamenziesii, it was always higher and increased marginally faster than in Pinuscontorta). We concluded that the less shade-tolerant Pinuscontorta was less plastic in crown architecture and specific leaf area than the more shade-tolerant Pseudotsugamenziesii.

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Murray, Michael P., e Adrian Leslie. "Climate, radial growth, and mortality associated with conifer regeneration infected by root disease (Armillaria ostoyae)". Forestry Chronicle 97, n.º 01 (janeiro de 2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2021-006.

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Tree root disease caused by the pathogen Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink has notable influence on bio-economic systems of southern British Columbia (BC) and the northwestern United States. Annual radial growth and mortality trends of regeneration associated with A. ostoyae during the first 21 years of a plantation were investigated. Our dendrochronological approach focused on a plantation established in 1991 with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.). We examined tree rings for reduced growth onset (RGO) to estimate infection periods. Among trees studied, we found that the number of RGO events peaked in 2006 followed by a steady decline in frequency. A similar trend was seen in annual mortality rates which reached maximum values in 2007 followed by an uninterrupted decrease. The average number of years from RGO to death based on host species ranged from 2.3 to 3.6 years. According to on logistic regression modeling, values associated with drought codes and duff moisture codes were significant in determining the year of death for infected trees. The predicted increase in frequency of summer droughts may lead to elevated mortality associated with A. ostoyae in young plantations.

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Peterson, Michael J., Jack R. Sutherland e S. E. Tuller. "Greenhouse environment and epidemiology of grey mould of container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1988): 974–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-149.

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The environmental parameters associated with grey mould, Botrytiscinerea Fr.: Nocca & Balbis, on container-grown Douglas-fir, Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, were studied in a plastic-covered greenhouse and a fibreglass-covered greenhouse near Victoria, British Columbia. Disease losses and numbers of B. cinerea spores were much higher in the fibreglass-covered house, where seedlings were taller and more succulent because the fibreglass reduced light intensities. From July to October the length of time when the combination of temperature and relative humidity that favours B. cinerea spore germination and infection was 14.5 times greater in the fibreglass-covered than in the plastic-covered house. Conditions beneath the seedling canopy that enhance the disease were more prevalent in July and August than in the autumn when the disease becomes evident, suggesting that earlier application of preventive fungicides may benefit disease control. Grey mould inoculum originated from outside the greenhouses, but once the disease was established on the seedlings, numbers of spores within the houses exceeded those outside. Airborne spore numbers both outside and within the greenhouses were highest during the day. Numbers of spores within the houses peaked when the irrigation system was on; this is ascribed to the mechanical effect of the irrigation water on spore dispersal rather than to changes in greenhouse environmental parameters.

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Teste, François P., Margaret G. Schmidt, Shannon M. Berch, Chuck Bulmer e Keith N. Egger. "Effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculants on survival and growth of interior Douglas-fir seedlings on reforestation sites and partially rehabilitated landings". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, n.º 10 (1 de outubro de 2004): 2074–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-083.

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We studied the effects of commercially available (Laccaria laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Berk. & Br. and Rhizopogon parksii Smith (Oregon source)) and native (R. parksii (British Columbia source)) ectomycorrhizal (EM) inoculants on the survival and growth of commercially grown interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) seedlings outplanted on reforestation sites (burned piles and clearcuts) and partially rehabilitated (shallow- and deep-tilled to a depth of 15 and 50 cm, respectively) landings. We also examined the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the EM status and foliar element levels of noninoculated Douglas-fir seedlings to provide information on the growing conditions found on these types of sites. Inoculation treatments did not significantly increase survival and growth of Douglas-fir seedlings 2 years after outplanting. However, because the average percent EM colonization of inoculated seedlings at time of outplanting was low (36%), the beneficial effects of these inoculants may not have been attained. It is possible that nursery conditions partially account for the low EM colonization of inoculated seedlings. We therefore suggest that nurseries try to modify growing conditions to favor good EM formation before outplanting interior Douglas-fir. Benefits of inoculations on landings may have been restricted by the poor soil conditions, potentially toxic levels of Fe and Al, and competition from well-adapted native EM fungi.

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Nigh, Gordon D., Cheng C. Ying e Hong Qian. "Climate and Productivity of Major Conifer Species in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada". Forest Science 50, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 2004): 659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/50.5.659.

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Abstract Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.), interior spruce (including Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, P. engelmannii Parry ex. Engelm., P. glauca×engelmannii), and interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiivar. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) are the most important commercial species in the interior of British Columbia. We develop statistical models to predict site index (a measure of site productivity) from climate for these species. Using data from 193 climate stations, we first developedmodels that predict mean annual temperature, mean temperature of the warmest and coldest months, number of frost-free days, and frost-free period from latitude, longitude, and elevation. With these models and the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (used to predictmean annual and mean summer precipitation), we predict 10 climate attributes for site index plots of lodgepole pine, interior spruce, and interior Douglas-fir. These attributes are then used in regression models to estimate site index. The models allow us to investigate the current relationshipbetween climate (particularly temperature and precipitation) and site productivity for these species. The productivity for all the species studied increased as temperature increased, with lodgepole pine exhibiting the greatest response. The productivity of lodgepole pine and interior Douglas-firalso increased with increasing precipitation, with interior Douglas-fir having a greater response than lodgepole pine. We discuss the application of the models in relation to the impact of climate change on site productivity. FOR. SCI. 50(5):659–671.

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