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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Frame Invariance"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 20 de julho de 2024

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1

Fernández Cristóbal, José Ma. "Weyl invariance in metric f(R) gravity". Revista Mexicana de Física 64, n.º 2 (14 de março de 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.64.181.

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We aim to derive the most general f(R) gravity theory, including thematter, so that it be Weyl invariant. Making use of the mathematicalequivalence of these theories with an type of scalar-tensor theory, and byimposing the Weyl invariance for the pure gravity as well as for the mattersector, we obtain the fundamental equation that restricts the form of V (phi) (and, accordingly, of f(R)) so that the resulting action to be Weylinvariant in the Jordan frame. We show that this action is not otherthan the so-called dilaton gravity action with one scalar eld,, whicheective mass is R and Phi dependent. In the Einstein frame, the actionbecomes the Einstein-Hilbert action with the Ricci scalar being constantdue to that the eective mass of scalar eld in this frame vanish. So,we can assume that the Ricci scalar, in the Einstein frame, is the trueCosmological Constant. Therefore, is not preposterous to guess that, atleast mathematically, all Weyl invariant metric f(R) theory in the Jordanframe is equivalent, at classical level, to the Einstein gravity, in theEinstein frame, with a constant Ricci scalar. At quantum level, as it isknown, both theories are not equivalent due to the presence of anomaliesin one of the frames.

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Stuckey, William, Timothy McDevitt e Michael Silberstein. "No Preferred Reference Frame at the Foundation of Quantum Mechanics". Entropy 24, n.º 1 (22 de dezembro de 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24010012.

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Quantum information theorists have created axiomatic reconstructions of quantum mechanics (QM) that are very successful at identifying precisely what distinguishes quantum probability theory from classical and more general probability theories in terms of information-theoretic principles. Herein, we show how one such principle, Information Invariance and Continuity, at the foundation of those axiomatic reconstructions, maps to “no preferred reference frame” (NPRF, aka “the relativity principle”) as it pertains to the invariant measurement of Planck’s constant h for Stern-Gerlach (SG) spin measurements. This is in exact analogy to the relativity principle as it pertains to the invariant measurement of the speed of light c at the foundation of special relativity (SR). Essentially, quantum information theorists have extended Einstein’s use of NPRF from the boost invariance of measurements of c to include the SO(3) invariance of measurements of h between different reference frames of mutually complementary spin measurements via the principle of Information Invariance and Continuity. Consequently, the “mystery” of the Bell states is understood to result from conservation per Information Invariance and Continuity between different reference frames of mutually complementary qubit measurements, and this maps to conservation per NPRF in spacetime. If one falsely conflates the relativity principle with the classical theory of SR, then it may seem impossible that the relativity principle resides at the foundation of non-relativisitic QM. In fact, there is nothing inherently classical or quantum about NPRF. Thus, the axiomatic reconstructions of QM have succeeded in producing a principle account of QM that reveals as much about Nature as the postulates of SR.

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Münch, Ingo, e Patrizio Neff. "Rotational invariance conditions in elasticity, gradient elasticity and its connection to isotropy". Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, n.º 1 (26 de setembro de 2016): 3–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286516666134.

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For homogeneous higher-gradient elasticity models we discuss frame-indifference and isotropy requirements. To this end, we introduce the notions of local versus global SO(3)-invariance and identify frame-indifference (traditionally) with global left SO(3)-invariance and isotropy with global right SO(3)-invariance. For specific restricted representations, the energy may also be local left SO(3)-invariant as well as local right SO(3)-invariant. Then we turn to linear models and consider a consequence of frame-indifference together with isotropy in nonlinear elasticity and apply this joint invariance condition to some specific linear models. The interesting point is the appearance of finite rotations in transformations of a geometrically linear model. It is shown that when starting with a linear model defined already in the infinitesimal symmetric strain [Formula: see text], the new invariance condition is equivalent to the isotropy of the linear formulation. Therefore, it may also be used in higher-gradient elasticity models for a simple check of isotropy and for extensions to anisotropy. In this respect we consider in more detail variational formulations of the linear indeterminate couple-stress model, a new variant of it with symmetric force stresses and general linear gradient elasticity.

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Choi, Jinsoo, e Tae-Hyun Oh. "Joint Video Super-Resolution and Frame Interpolation via Permutation Invariance". Sensors 23, n.º 5 (24 de fevereiro de 2023): 2529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052529.

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We propose a joint super resolution (SR) and frame interpolation framework that can perform both spatial and temporal super resolution. We identify performance variation according to permutation of inputs in video super-resolution and video frame interpolation. We postulate that favorable features extracted from multiple frames should be consistent regardless of input order if the features are optimally complementary for respective frames. With this motivation, we propose a permutation invariant deep architecture that makes use of the multi-frame SR principles by virtue of our order (permutation) invariant network. Specifically, given two adjacent frames, our model employs a permutation invariant convolutional neural network module to extract “complementary” feature representations facilitating both the SR and temporal interpolation tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our end-to-end joint method against various combinations of the competing SR and frame interpolation methods on challenging video datasets, and thereby we verify our hypothesis.

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Xu, Zhenheng, Guoqing Hong, Zuhua Guo e Jianxia Zhang. "Quantum Injectivity of Frames in Quaternionic Hilbert Spaces". Mathematics 12, n.º 14 (11 de julho de 2024): 2174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12142174.

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A quantum injective frame is a frame capable of differentiating states based on their respective frame measurements, whereas the quantum-detection problem associated with frames endeavors to delineate all such frames. In the present paper, the concept of injective frames in infinite dimensional quaternionic Hilbert spaces is introduced. Further, some properties of injective frames such as the invariance of injective frames under invertible operators are discussed and several solutions to the frame quantum-detection problem are given. Finally, by employing operator theory and frames theory in quaternionic Hilbert spaces, some characterizations and classifications of frames for solving the injectivity problem are given.

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Basso, Marcos L. W., e Jonas Maziero. "Complete complementarity relations and their Lorentz invariance". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 477, n.º 2253 (setembro de 2021): 20210058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2021.0058.

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It is well known that entanglement under Lorentz boosts is highly dependent on the boost scenario in question. For single-particle states, a spin-momentum product state can be transformed into an entangled state. However, entanglement is just one of the aspects that completely characterizes a quantum system. The other two are known as the wave-particle duality. Although the entanglement entropy does not remain invariant under Lorentz boosts, and neither do the measures of predictability and coherence, we show here that these three measures taken together, in a complete complementarity relation (CCR), are Lorentz invariant. Peres et al. (Peres et al. 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 , 230402. ( doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.230402 )) realized that even though it is possible to formally define spin in any Lorentz frame, there is no relationship between the observable expectation values in different Lorentz frames. Analogously, one can, in principle, define complementary relations in any Lorentz frame, but there is no obvious transformation law relating complementary relations in different frames. However, our result shows that the CCRs have the same value in any Lorentz frame, i.e. there is a transformation law connecting the CCRs. In addition, we explore relativistic scenarios for single and two-particle states, which helps in understanding the exchange of different aspects of a quantum system under Lorentz boosts.

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Thomas, T. G., e H. S. Takhar. "Frame-invariance of turbulence constitutive relations". Astrophysics and Space Science 141, n.º 1 (1988): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00641922.

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Romano, Giovanni, e Raffaele Barretta. "Geometric constitutive theory and frame invariance". International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 51 (maio de 2013): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2012.12.006.

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FREWER, MICHAEL. "Proper invariant turbulence modelling within one-point statistics". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 639 (13 de outubro de 2009): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009991133.

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A new turbulence modelling approach is presented. Geometrically reformulating the averaged Navier–Stokes equations on a four-dimensional non-Riemannian manifold without changing the physical content of the theory, additional modelling restrictions which are absent in the usual Euclidean (3+1)-dimensional framework naturally emerge. The modelled equations show full form invariance for all Newtonian reference frames in that all involved quantities transform as true 4-tensors. Frame accelerations or inertial forces of any kind are universally described by the underlying four-dimensional geometry.By constructing a nonlinear eddy viscosity model within the k−ϵ family for high turbulent Reynolds numbers the new invariant modelling approach demonstrates the essential advantages over current (3+1)-dimensional modelling techniques. In particular, new invariants are gained, which allow for a universal and consistent treatment of non-stationary effects within a turbulent flow. Furthermore, by consistently introducing via a Lie-group symmetry analysis a new internal modelling variable, the mean form-invariant pressure Hessian, it will be shown that already a quadratic nonlinearity is sufficient to capture secondary flow effects, for which in current nonlinear eddy viscosity models a higher nonlinearity is needed. In all, this paper develops a new unified formalism which will naturally guide the way in physical modelling whenever reasonings are based on the general concept of invariance.

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Basso, E., e Daniel J. H. Chung. "Lorentz invariance of basis tensor gauge theory". International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, n.º 17 (7 de junho de 2021): 2150099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21500998.

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Basis tensor gauge theory (BTGT) is a vierbein analog reformulation of ordinary gauge theories in which the vierbein field describes the Wilson line. After a brief review of the BTGT, we clarify the Lorentz group representation properties associated with the variables used for its quantization. In particular, we show that starting from an SO(1,3) representation satisfying the Lorentz-invariant U(1,3) matrix constraints, BTGT introduces a Lorentz frame choice to pick the Abelian group manifold generated by the Cartan subalgebra of U(1,3) for the convenience of quantization even though the theory is frame independent. This freedom to choose a frame can be viewed as an additional symmetry of BTGT that was not emphasized before. We then show how an [Formula: see text] permutation symmetry and a parity symmetry of frame fields natural in BTGT can be used to construct renormalizable gauge theories that introduce frame-dependent fields but remain frame independent perturbatively without any explicit reference to the usual gauge field.

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Ioannou, Georgios. "BRILLIANT, SUNNY AND BRIGHT: GENERALISED IINVARIANCE THROUGH ETYMOLOGY". Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, n.º 36 (setembro de 2021): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.12.

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The relevance of image schemas in metaphoric extension has been long highlighted in Cognitive Linguistics literature. The image-schematic makeup of a metaphoric source is preserved in the target, in a way consistent with the structure of the latter (Lakoff, 1993). More recently, Sullivan (2013) has raised a similar case for semantic frames, in a constructional framework. Metaphoric mappings are licensed only if the semantic frame of the source is compatible with the conceptual metaphor profiled by the target. The present work integrates Sullivan and Lakoff’s approach to invariance, on the basis of the following hypothesis: the compatibility between a semantic frame evoked by a lexical construction and a conceptual metaphor is susceptible to an imageschematic blueprint, already present in the etymologically prior meaning of the construction. Thus, invariance is hypothesised to hold across categorisation levels of different schematicity, but also across time. The case study re-takes the analysis of the adjectival terms brilliant, sunny and bright, under the generalised invariance hypothesis. The metaphorical potential of a term is shown to be at the same time constrained as well as motivated by this strong version of invariance.

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Croft, William A. "Connecting frames and constructions". Constructions and Frames 1, n.º 1 (11 de junho de 2009): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.1.1.02cro.

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Constructional analysis of corpus data can contribute to the analysis of a semantic frame, as demonstrated by a small corpus study of eat and feed. The EAT/FEED frame forms part of a taxonomy of frames including the superordinate CONSUME frame and subordinate frames of human vs. animal eating; constructional and metaphor data in the corpus shows that English covertly distinguishes human and animal eating. The EAT frame includes three phases (intake, process, and ingest), differentiated lexicogrammatically. The EAT frame also includes three domains in its domain matrix: physical, biological (nutritional) and social, all clearly differentiated by distinct constructions in the corpus. An examination of metaphors with eat and feed in the corpus demonstrate that the target domain contributes image-schematic structure to the metaphorical mapping, contrary to the Invariance Hypothesis.

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Faulhuber, Markus. "Gabor frame sets of invariance: a Hamiltonian approach to Gabor frame deformations". Journal of Pseudo-Differential Operators and Applications 7, n.º 2 (6 de fevereiro de 2016): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11868-016-0146-z.

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MEYER, FRANK, e HAROLD STEINACKER. "GAUGE FIELD THEORY ON THE Eq(2)-COVARIANT PLANE". International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, n.º 20 (10 de agosto de 2004): 3349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04019512.

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Gauge theory on the q-deformed two-dimensional Euclidean plane [Formula: see text] is studied using two different approaches. We first formulate the theory using the natural algebraic structures on [Formula: see text], such as a covariant differential calculus, a frame of one-forms and invariant integration. We then consider a suitable star product, and introduce a natural way to implement the Seiberg–Witten map. In both approaches, gauge invariance requires a suitable "measure" in the action, breaking the Eq(2)-invariance. Some possibilities to avoid this conclusion using additional terms in the action are proposed.

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Bosso, Pasquale, e Saurya Das. "Lorentz invariant mass and length scales". International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, n.º 04 (março de 2019): 1950068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819500688.

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We show that the standard Lorentz transformations admit an invariant mass (length) scale, such as the Planck scale. In other words, the frame independence of such a scale is built-in within those transformations, and one does not need to invoke the principle of relativity for their invariance. This automatically ensures the frame-independence of the spectrum of geometrical operators in quantum gravity. Furthermore, we show that the above predicts a small but measurable difference between the inertial and gravitational mass of any object, regardless of its size or whether it is elementary or composite.

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Dashner, P. A. "Invariance Considerations in Large Strain Elasto-Plasticity". Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, n.º 1 (1 de março de 1986): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171738.

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This paper addresses a number of issues in the ongoing debate over the relevance and/or appropriateness of the rotational invariance requirement which is generally associated with the intermediate unstressed configuration. In particular, it is argued that the principle of material frame invariance has been “misapplied” by the proponents of full rotational invariance. Insistence on a strictly “kinematic” interpretation of the deformation gradient (F = FeFp) constituents Fe and Fp justifies elimination of the plastic rotational component Rp(Fp = RpUp) based on the principle of determinism for stress — not invariance of frame. However, simple physical considerations, including a physical example involving a “structurally anisotropic” crystal, suggest that a more intricate definition of the gradient constituents is required in order to adequately account for microstructural characteristics. These considerations suggest alternative definitions for the gradient constituents Fe and Fp with associated constitutive invariance requirements.

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Steigmann, David J. "On the frame invariance of linear elasticity theory". Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 58, n.º 1 (6 de setembro de 2006): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00033-006-6047-x.

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Biscari, Paolo, Carlo Cercignani e Marshall Slemrod. "Time-derivatives and frame-invariance beyond Newtonian fluids". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIB - Mechanics 328, n.º 5 (maio de 2000): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1620-7742(00)00042-8.

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Chui, Charles K., e Qiyu Sun. "Tight frame oversampling and its equivalence to shift-invariance of affine frame operators". Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 131, n.º 5 (19 de setembro de 2002): 1527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-02-06703-5.

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Hohm, Olaf, e Barton Zwiebach. "Nonperturbative de Sitter vacua via α′ corrections". International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, n.º 14 (outubro de 2019): 1943002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819430028.

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The higher-derivative [Formula: see text] corrections consistent with [Formula: see text] duality invariance can be completely classified for cosmological, purely time-dependent backgrounds. This result is used to show that there are duality invariant theories featuring string-frame de Sitter vacua as solutions that are nonperturbative in [Formula: see text], thus suggesting that classical string theory may realize de Sitter solutions in an unexpected fashion.

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Baudson, Tanja Gabriele, Nora Jung e Philipp Alexander Freund. "Measurement Invariance in a Grid-Based Measure of Academic Self-Concept". European Journal of Psychological Assessment 33, n.º 6 (novembro de 2017): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000298.

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Abstract. Grid-based measures, where item stems are rated across diverse domains or subjects, represent an economic measure to assess multifaceted constructs such as academic self-concept. Although testing for measurement invariance between groups (e.g., based on gender or age) and within subjects over time (e.g., in longitudinal research) is common practice, research on invariance across domains is still lacking. We examine measurement invariance across selected self-concept domains in the Differentiated School Self-Concept (DISC) Grid as an example of grid-based self-concept measures. Using a highly diverse student sample, we assessed invariance of the DISC grid across three academic domains (German, English, and mathematics). Based on adequate model fit within each domain, the DISC grid proved to be strictly invariant across the three subject-specific self-concepts (German, English, and mathematics). Implications for theory (e.g., Möller and Marsh’s Dimensional Comparison Theory), empirical research (e.g., on the Internal/External Frame of Reference model), assessment (e.g., regarding other measures using similarly worded items across domains, such as the Self-Description Questionnaires [SDQ]), and practice (e.g., academic counseling) are discussed.

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Dubos, Thomas. "Frame invariance and conservation in two-dimensional subgrid models". Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 202, n.º 1-2 (março de 2005): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2005.01.012.

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Svendsen, B., e A. Bertram. "On frame-indifference and form-invariance in constitutive theory". Acta Mechanica 132, n.º 1-4 (março de 1999): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01186967.

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Speziale, Charles G. "A Review of Material Frame-Indifference in Mechanics". Applied Mechanics Reviews 51, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1998): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3099017.

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The Principle of Material Frame-Indifference in various areas of mechanics is critically reviewed from a basic theoretical standpoint. Modern continuum mechanics is considered along with statistical mechanics and turbulence in an effort to better understand this commonly used axiom. It is argued that Material Frame-Indifference is a restricted invariance that can be highly useful in the formulation of constitutive equations but must be applied with caution. Material Frame-Indifference applies, in a strong approximate sense, to most areas of continuum mechanics where there is a clear cut separation of scales so that the ratio of fluctuating to mean time scales is extremely small. While it breaks down for the three-dimensional case, it rigorously applies to Reynolds stress models in the limit of two-dimensional turbulence where an analogy is made between the Reynolds stress tensor and the non-Newtonian part of the stress tensor in the laminar flow of a non-Newtonian fluid. On the other hand, the general invariance group of constitutive equations that is universally valid is the extended Galilean group of transformations which includes arbitrary time-dependent translations of the spatial frame of reference; rotational frame-dependence then enters exclusively through the intrinsic spin tensor. In order to definitively address this issue it is necessary to establish what the invariance group is of solutions to the fluctuation dynamics from which constitutive equations are formally constructed. The implications of these results for future research in a variety of different fields in mechanics are thoroughly discussed. This article includes 52 references.

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Melia, Fulvio. "The seemingly preferred cosmic frame". Physica Scripta 97, n.º 4 (28 de fevereiro de 2022): 045001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5666.

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Abstract The Universe appears to have a ‘preferred’ frame of reference, within which the cosmic microwave background is completely isotropic. Earth’s motion through this relic radiation field is measurable, and some have viewed this type of observation as a possible contradiction of Einstein’s principle of relativity. Several experiments have been proposed (and some have been carried out) to test for violations of Lorentz invariance when transforming out of this background frame, e.g., based on expected velocity differences in a Michelson-Morley type of probe. But what exactly is this cosmic frame? Is it truly an absolute frame attached to the Universe, or is it an observer-dependent construction? Such possibilities represent very different Physics, of course. In this paper, we work through these issues carefully, without the introduction of unsubstantiated assumptions. We show that the preferred frames originate through general (not special) relativity, and are indeed observer-dependent. Their existence does not at all conflict with Einstein’s fundamental hypothesis of special relativity.

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Maury, Saurabh Chandra. "Complete Invariance Property with respect to Homeomorphism over Frame Multiwavelet and Super-Wavelet Spaces". Journal of Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/528342.

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We discuss the complete invariance property with respect to homeomorphism (CIPH) over various sets of wavelets containing all orthonormal multiwavelets, all tight frame multiwavelets, all super-wavelets of lengthn, and all normalized tight super frame wavelets of lengthn.

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Lidström, Per. "Invariance of the power sum under a change of frame of reference and its consequences". Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 25, n.º 2 (4 de novembro de 2019): 430–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286519880322.

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The invariance of the power sum under a change of frame of reference is investigated and a theorem relating this invariance to the balance laws for mass, momentum and moment of momentum is proved. This gives a new perspective on previous similar results obtained by Noll, Beatty and Green and Rivlin.

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GEIER, MARTIN, ANDREAS GREINER e JAN G. KORVINK. "PROPERTIES OF THE CASCADED LATTICE BOLTZMANN AUTOMATON". International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, n.º 04 (abril de 2007): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107010681.

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The theory of the lattice Boltzmann automaton is based on a moment transform which is not Galilean invariant. It is explained how the central moments transform, used in the cascaded lattice Boltzmann method, overcomes this problem by choosing the center of mass coordinate system as the frame of reference. Galilean invariance is restored and the form of the kinetic theory is unaffected. Conservation laws are not compromised by the high order polyinomials in the equilibrium distribution arising from the central moment transform. Two sources of instabilities in lattice Boltzmann simulations are discussed: negative numerical viscosity due to insufficient Galilean invariance and aliasing. The cascaded lattice Boltzmann automaton overcomes both problems. It is discussed why aliasing is unavoidable in lattice Boltzmann methods that rely on a single relaxation time. An appendix lists the complete scattering operator of the D2Q9 cascaded lattice Boltzmann automaton.

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MOFFAT, J. W. "BIMETRIC GRAVITY THEORY, VARYING SPEED OF LIGHT AND THE DIMMING OF SUPERNOVAE". International Journal of Modern Physics D 12, n.º 02 (fevereiro de 2003): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271803002366.

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In the bimetric scalar–tensor gravitational theory there are two frames associated with the two metrics ĝμν and gμν, which are linked by the gradients of a scalar field ϕ. The choice of a comoving frame for the metric ĝμν or gμν has fundamental physical consequences for local observers in either metric spacetimes, while maintaining diffeomorphism invariance. If the metric gμν is chosen to be associated with comoving coordinates, then the speed of light varies in the frame with the metric ĝμν. Observers in this frame see the dimming of supernovae because of the increase of luminosity distance versus red shift, due to an increasing speed of light in the past universe. Moreover, in this frame the scalar field ϕ describes a dark energy component in the Friedmann equation for the cosmic scale without acceleration. If we choose ĝμν to be associated with comoving coordinates, then an observer in the gμν metric frame will observe the universe to be accelerating and the supernovae will appear to be farther away. The theory predicts that the gravitational constant G can vary in spacetime, while the fine-structure constant α = e2/ℏc does not vary. The problem of cosmological horizons as viewed in the two frames is discussed.

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Sfarti, Adrian. "Relativistic energy-momentum: the concepts of conservation versus frame invariance". International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology 5, n.º 2 (2010): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnest.2010.030554.

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Zhong, Peinan, Guojun Huang e Guowei Yang. "Frame-invariance in finite element formulations of geometrically exact rods". Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 37, n.º 12 (27 de novembro de 2016): 1669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-016-2147-8.

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Bhat, Mr Abhilash L., N. Nithesh Kumar, Poojitha Y, Siripireddy Thulasi e V. Arvind. "CNN Based Facial Recognition with Age Invariance". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n.º 11 (30 de novembro de 2023): 1061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56680.

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Abstract : As the world has seen exponential expansion over the previous decade, there has been an unusual increase in the crime rate as well as an increase in the number of criminals/missing persons. Face recognition can extract the individualistic characteristics of the human face. A straightforward and adaptable biometric technology is face recognition. The technology used to recognize and identify faces in images or videos is called face detection and recognition. The process of removing facial features has gotten easier as technology has advanced. This study describes the use of an automated security camera for realtime face recognition. With this system, we can instantly identify and detect the faces of the criminals in a live video feed captured by a camera. Criminal records typically include the offender's picture and personal information. Thus, we are able to use these photos in addition to his information. The security camera's recorded footage is transformed into frames. After a face is identified in a frame, it undergoes pre-processing and feature extraction. The characteristics of the real-time image processing are compared to those of the images kept in the criminal database.

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Balachandran, A. P. "QCD breaks Lorentz invariance and colour". Modern Physics Letters A 31, n.º 10 (28 de março de 2016): 1650060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316500607.

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In the previous work [A. P. Balachandran and S. Vaidya, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 128, 118 (2013)], we have argued that the algebra of non-Abelian superselection rules is spontaneously broken to its maximal Abelian subalgebra, that is, the algebra generated by its completing commuting set (the two Casimirs, isospin and a basis of its Cartan subalgebra). In this paper, alternative arguments confirming these results are presented. In addition, Lorentz invariance is shown to be broken in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), just as it is in quantum electrodynamics (QED). The experimental consequences of these results include fuzzy mass and spin shells of coloured particles like quarks, and decay life times which depend on the frame of observation [D. Buchholz, Phys. Lett. B 174, 331 (1986); D. Buchholz and K. Fredenhagen, Commun. Math. Phys. 84, 1 (1982; J. Fröhlich, G. Morchio and F. Strocchi, Phys. Lett. B 89, 61 (1979); A. P. Balachandran, S. Kürkçüoğlu, A. R. de Queiroz and S. Vaidya, Eur. Phys. J. C 75, 89 (2015); A. P. Balachandran, S. Kürkçüoğlu and A. R. de Queiroz, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 28, 1350028 (2013)]. In a paper under preparation, these results are extended to the ADM Poincaré group and the local Lorentz group of frames. The renormalisation of the ADM energy by infrared gravitons is also studied and estimated.

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Lou, Yujing, Zelin Ye, Yang You, Nianjuan Jiang, Jiangbo Lu, Weiming Wang, Lizhuang Ma e Cewu Lu. "CRIN: Rotation-Invariant Point Cloud Analysis and Rotation Estimation via Centrifugal Reference Frame". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, n.º 2 (26 de junho de 2023): 1817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i2.25271.

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Various recent methods attempt to implement rotation-invariant 3D deep learning by replacing the input coordinates of points with relative distances and angles. Due to the incompleteness of these low-level features, they have to undertake the expense of losing global information. In this paper, we propose the CRIN, namely Centrifugal Rotation-Invariant Network. CRIN directly takes the coordinates of points as input and transforms local points into rotation-invariant representations via centrifugal reference frames. Aided by centrifugal reference frames, each point corresponds to a discrete rotation so that the information of rotations can be implicitly stored in point features. Unfortunately, discrete points are far from describing the whole rotation space. We further introduce a continuous distribution for 3D rotations based on points. Furthermore, we propose an attention-based down-sampling strategy to sample points invariant to rotations. A relation module is adopted at last for reinforcing the long-range dependencies between sampled points and predicts the anchor point for unsupervised rotation estimation. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves rotation invariance, accurately estimates the object rotation, and obtains state-of-the-art results on rotation-augmented classification and part segmentation. Ablation studies validate the effectiveness of the network design.

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ROWLANDS, T. P. "General foundation for the nonlinear ponderomotive four-force in laser-plasma interactions". Laser and Particle Beams 24, n.º 4 (outubro de 2006): 475–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034606060642.

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The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with plasmas is studied in relativistic four-vector formalism. A gauge and Lorentz invariant ponderomotive four-force is derived from the time dependent nonlinear three-force of Hora (1985). This four-force, due to its Lorentz invariance, contains new magnetic field terms. A new gauge and Lorentz invariant model of the response of plasma to electromagnetic radiation is then devised. An expression for the dispersion relation is obtained from this model. It is then proved that the magnetic permeability of plasma is unity for a general reference frame. This is an important result since it has been previously assumed in many plasma models.

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Burde, Georgy I. "Cosmological models based on relativity with a privileged frame". International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, n.º 06 (abril de 2020): 2050038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820500388.

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Cosmological models, stemming from the extension of the “special relativity (SR) with a privileged frame” to general relativity (GR), are developed and fitted to the observational data. The framework termed “SR with a privileged frame” incorporates the privileged frame into SR while retaining the fundamental spacetime symmetry which, in the standard SR, manifests itself as Lorentz invariance. The correspondingly modified GR, like the standard GR, is based on the equivalence principle but with the properly modified spacetime local symmetry in which an invariant combination differs from the Minkowski interval of the standard SR. Applying the modified GR to cosmology yields the luminosity distance — redshift relation corrected such that the observed deceleration parameter can be negative as it is obtained from the data for Type Ia supernovae. Thus, the observed negative values of the deceleration parameter can be explained within the matter-dominated Friedman–Robertson–Walker (FRW) cosmological model of the universe without introducing the dark energy. A number of other observations, such as Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmic Microwave Background, also can be well fit to the cosmological model arising from the GR based on the SR with a privileged frame.

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Sk, Nayem, e Abhik Kumar Sanyal. "Why scalar–tensor equivalent theories are not physically equivalent?" International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, n.º 14 (dezembro de 2017): 1750162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817501620.

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Whether Jordan’s and Einstein’s frame descriptions of [Formula: see text] theory of gravity are physically equivalent, is a long standing debate. However, practically none questioned on true mathematical equivalence, since classical field equations may be translated from one frame to the other following a transformation relation. Here, we show that, neither Noether symmetries, Noether equations, nor may quantum equations be translated from one to the other. The reason being, — conformal transformation results in a completely different system, with a different Lagrangian. Field equations match only due to the presence of diffeomorphic invariance. Unless a symmetry generator is found which involves Hamiltonian constraint equation, mathematical equivalence between the two frames appears to be vulnerable. In any case, in quantum domain, mathematical and therefore physical equivalence cannot be established.

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Adler, Stephen L. "A frame-dependent gravitational effective action mimics a cosmological constant, but modifies the black hole horizon". International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, n.º 12 (outubro de 2016): 1643001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181643001x.

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A frame-dependent effective action motivated by the postulates of three-space general coordinate invariance and Weyl scaling invariance exactly mimics a cosmological constant in Robertson–Walker spacetimes. However, in a static spherically symmetric Schwarzschild-like geometry it modifies the black hole horizon structure within microscopic distances of the nominal horizon, in such a way that [Formula: see text] never vanishes. This could have important implications for the black hole “information paradox”.

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Batterham, Philip J., Matthew Sunderland, Natacha Carragher e Alison L. Calear. "Psychometric Properties of 7- and 30-Day Versions of the PROMIS Emotional Distress Item Banks in an Australian Adult Sample". Assessment 26, n.º 2 (4 de janeiro de 2017): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116685809.

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This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the PROMIS depression, anxiety, and anger item banks in a large Australian population-based sample. The study tested for unidimensionality; evaluated invariance across age, gender, and education; assessed local independence; and tested item bank scores as an indicator for clinical criteria. In addition, equivalence of the 7-day time frame against an alternative 30-day time frame was assessed. A sample of 3,175 Australian adults were recruited into the study through online advertising. All three item banks showed strong evidence of unidimensionality and parsimony, with no items showing local dependence. All items were invariant across age, gender, and education. The item banks were accurate in detecting clinical criteria for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder, although legacy measures designed for this purpose sometimes performed marginally better. Responses to the 30-day time frame were highly consistent with the original 7-day time frame. The study provided support for the validity of the PROMIS emotional distress item banks as measures of depression, anxiety, and anger in the Australian population, supporting the generalizability of the measures. The time frame chosen for assessing mental health outcomes using these item banks should be based on pragmatic considerations.

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Blas, Diego, e Eugene Lim. "Phenomenology of theories of gravity without Lorentz invariance: The preferred frame case". International Journal of Modern Physics D 23, n.º 13 (novembro de 2014): 1443009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814430093.

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Theories of gravitation without Lorentz invariance are candidates of low-energy descriptions of quantum gravity. In this paper, we will describe the phenomenological consequences of the candidates associated to the existence of a preferred time direction.

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Toda, Hiroshi, Zhong Zhang e Takashi Imamura. "Practical design of perfect-translation-invariant real-valued discrete wavelet transform". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 12, n.º 04 (julho de 2014): 1460005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691314600054.

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The real-valued tight wavelet frame having perfect translation invariance (PTI) has already proposed. However, due to the irrational-number distances between wavelets, its calculation amount is very large. In this paper, based on the real-valued tight wavelet frame, a practical design of a real-valued discrete wavelet transform (DWT) having PTI is proposed. In this transform, all the distances between wavelets are multiples of 1/4, and its transform and inverse transform are calculated fast by decomposition and reconstruction algorithms at the sacrifice of a tight wavelet frame. However, the real-valued DWT achieves an approximate tight wavelet frame.

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ŠKORIĆ, MILOŠ M., BOŽIDAR B. STANIĆ, LJUPČO HADŽIEVSKI e LJUBOMIR NIKOLIĆ. "Reflection of an electromagnetic pulse from a relativistically moving plasma". Journal of Plasma Physics 75, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2009): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377808007514.

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AbstractThe reflection of an obliquely incident electromagnetic pulse from a moving plasma half-space is studied. Using the Lorentz transformations, covariance of Maxwell's equations and the principle of phase invariance to transform between the rest frame and the moving frame, calculations can be conveniently performed in the moving frame. An analytical formula for the linear reflected waveform as a function of the incident angle shows temporal compression and pulse amplification at relativistic velocities of relevance for the generation of ultra-short laser optical pulses.

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Zafar, Muhammad I., Jiequn Han, Xu-Hui Zhou e Heng Xiao. "Frame Invariance and Scalability of Neural Operators for Partial Differential Equations". Communications in Computational Physics 32, n.º 2 (junho de 2022): 336–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.oa-2021-0256.

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Roldan, Omar. "CMB in the river frame and gauge invariance at second order". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2018, n.º 03 (9 de março de 2018): 014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/014.

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45

Ovalle, Anaelia, Evan Czyzycki e Cho-Jui Hsieh. "Improving Adversarial Robustness to Sensitivity and Invariance Attacks with Deep Metric Learning (Student Abstract)". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, n.º 13 (26 de junho de 2023): 16292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.27006.

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Intentionally crafted adversarial samples have effectively exploited weaknesses in deep neural networks. A standard method in adversarial robustness assumes a framework to defend against samples crafted by minimally perturbing a sample such that its corresponding model output changes. These sensitivity attacks exploit the model's sensitivity toward task-irrelevant features. Another form of adversarial sample can be crafted via invariance attacks, which exploit the model underestimating the importance of relevant features. Previous literature has indicated a tradeoff in defending against both attack types within a strictly L-p bounded defense. To promote robustness toward both types of attacks beyond Euclidean distance metrics, we use metric learning to frame adversarial regularization as an optimal transport problem. Our preliminary results indicate that regularizing over invariant perturbations in our framework improves both invariant and sensitivity defense.

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GIUNTI, C. "ENERGY AND MOMENTUM OF OSCILLATING NEUTRINOS". Modern Physics Letters A 16, n.º 37 (7 de dezembro de 2001): 2363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301005801.

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It is shown that Lorentz invariance implies that in general flavor neutrinos in oscillation experiments are superpositions of massive neutrinos with different energies and different momenta. It is also shown that for each process in which neutrinos are produced, there is either a Lorentz frame in which all massive neutrinos have the same energy or a Lorentz frame in which all massive neutrinos have the same momentum. In the case of neutrinos produced in two-body decay processes, there is a Lorentz frame in which all massive neutrinos have the same energy.

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Oda, Ichiro. "Higgs potential from Weyl conformal gravity". Modern Physics Letters A 35, n.º 37 (5 de outubro de 2020): 2050304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320503046.

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We consider Weyl’s conformal gravity coupled to a complex matter field in Weyl geometry. It is shown that a Higgs potential naturally arises from a [Formula: see text] term in moving from the Jordan frame to the Einstein frame. A massless Nambu–Goldstone boson, which stems from spontaneous symmetry breakdown of the Weyl gauge invariance, is absorbed into the Weyl gauge field, thereby the gauge field becoming massive. We present a model where the gravitational interaction generates a Higgs potential whose form is a perfect square. Finally, we show that a theory in the Jordan frame is gauge-equivalent to the corresponding theory in the Einstein frame via the BRST formalism.

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HOH, F. C. "GAUGE INVARIANCE AND QUANTIZATION OF THE SPINOR STRONG INTERACTION MODEL". International Journal of Modern Physics A 09, n.º 03 (30 de janeiro de 1994): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x94000170.

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The spinor strong interaction model recently proposed to account for the meson spectra is extended to include interaction with external gauge fields. An action integral is constructed and a restricted variational principle is employed to reproduce the earlier basic meson equations. In establishing U(1) gauge invariance, the so-called U(1) problem, the absence of pseudoscalar singlet mesons that do not decay strongly, is naturally resolved. SU(2)× U(1) or SO(3) gauge invariance leads to that pseudoscalar isodoublet or isotriplet mesons can generate masses of the gauge bosons without recourse to the unobserved Higgs bosons of the standard electroweak model. The gauge boson masses relate to the linear confinement potential constant of pseudoscalar mesons. The spinor strong interaction model is quantized in a macroscopic approximation due to the finite size of mesons. Commutation relations and the rest frame Hamiltonian are obtained. In this frame, the relative energy of the quark and antiquark is shown to vanish.

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YILMAZ, ÖZGÜR. "ON COARSE QUANTIZATION OF TIGHT GABOR FRAME EXPANSIONS". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 03, n.º 02 (junho de 2005): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691305000853.

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This paper presents a coarse quantization algorithm (TFΣΔ-II) for tight Gabor frame expansions of certain functions in L2(ℝ), an alternative to the TFΣΔ of Ref. 11. By using some a priori information about the function to be quantized and compromising the translation invariance of the TFΣΔ, TFΣΔ-II produces an approximation in L2(ℝ), as opposed to the weak type approximations of TFΣΔ. In particular, for a tight Gabor frame with frame bound A, we prove that the L2-approximation error corresponding to a kth-order TFΣΔ-II quantizer is of order O(A-k). Furthermore, motivated by TFΣΔ-II, we construct an algorithm to coarsely quantize the Fourier coefficients of certain compactly supported functions.

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Chen, Yongzhe, Gang Wang, Wei Zhou, Tongzhou Zhang e Hao Zhang. "A Localization Algorithm Based on Global Descriptor and Dynamic Range Search". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 5 (21 de fevereiro de 2023): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051190.

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The map-based localization method is considered an effective supplement to the localization under the GNSS-denied environment. However, since the map is constituted by the dispersed keyframes, it sometimes happens that the initial position of the unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) lies between the map keyframes or is not on the mapping trajectory. In both cases, it will be impossible to precisely estimate the pose of the vehicle directly via the relationship between the current frame and the map keyframes, leading to localization failure. In this regard, we propose a localization algorithm based on the global descriptor and dynamic range search (LA-GDADRS). In specific, we first design a global descriptor shift and rotation invariant image (SRI), which improves the rotation invariance and shift invariance by the methods of coordinates removal and de-centralization. Secondly, we design a global localization algorithm for shift and rotation invariant branch-and-bound scan matching (SRI-BBS). It first leverages SRI to obtain an approximate priori position of the unmanned vehicle and then utilizes the similarity between the current frame SRI and the map keyframes SRI to select a dynamic search range around the priori position. Within the search range, we leverage the branch-and-bound scanning matching algorithm to search for a more precise pose. It solves the problem that global localization tends to fail when the priori position is imprecise. Moreover, we introduce a tightly coupled factor graph model and a HD map engine to achieve real-time position tracking and lane-level localization, respectively. Finally, we complete extensive ablation experiments and comparative experiments to validate our methods on the benchmark dataset (KITTI) and the real application scenarios at the campus. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm achieves the performance of mainstream localization algorithms.

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