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1
Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa. "FDI and FPI Determinants in Developing African Countries." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 6(J) (January 15, 2018): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i6(j).2021.
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We examine drivers of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in nine selected African economies, during the period 1980 to 2014, with particular interest in the role of financial market development. We set out to explore the drivers of FDI and FPI in selected African countries, respectively. We employ the dynamic GMM methodology to assess the motivators of inward foreign flows. The results show that FDI inflows are generally dependent on past inflows of FDI, low inflation, infrastructural development, and real GDP growth rate; while stock market capitalisation, commercial bank assets gauged against commercial and central bank assets as well as domestic credit to the private sector by banks intermediate for financial market development. On the other hand, we find that FPI inflows are attracted to foreign destinations due to previous FPI inflows, the real exchange rate, inflation rates and the presence of developed infrastructure. Further, developed financial markets, as proxied by stock market capitalisation, were found to significantly and positively influence inward FPI flows, while a closed financial account and low interest rate discouraged FPI. The significant contribution of this paper is that its findings empirically confirm FDI and FPI theory, as postulated in Dunning’s eclectic paradigm insofar as the main “location†variables that enhance host country attractiveness are concerned, specifically in the African context. In light of these findings, we recommend that policy makers strengthen their domestic markets, complemented by appropriate regulations and institutions to attract foreign investment flows, while reducing their dependency on international aid and loans.
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Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa. "FDI and FPI Determinants in Developing African Countries." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 6 (January 15, 2018): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i6.2021.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
We examine drivers of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in nine selected African economies, during the period 1980 to 2014, with particular interest in the role of financial market development. We set out to explore the drivers of FDI and FPI in selected African countries, respectively. We employ the dynamic GMM methodology to assess the motivators of inward foreign flows. The results show that FDI inflows are generally dependent on past inflows of FDI, low inflation, infrastructural development, and real GDP growth rate; while stock market capitalisation, commercial bank assets gauged against commercial and central bank assets as well as domestic credit to the private sector by banks intermediate for financial market development. On the other hand, we find that FPI inflows are attracted to foreign destinations due to previous FPI inflows, the real exchange rate, inflation rates and the presence of developed infrastructure. Further, developed financial markets, as proxied by stock market capitalisation, were found to significantly and positively influence inward FPI flows, while a closed financial account and low interest rate discouraged FPI. The significant contribution of this paper is that its findings empirically confirm FDI and FPI theory, as postulated in Dunning’s eclectic paradigm insofar as the main “location” variables that enhance host country attractiveness are concerned, specifically in the African context. In light of these findings, we recommend that policy makers strengthen their domestic markets, complemented by appropriate regulations and institutions to attract foreign investment flows, while reducing their dependency on international aid and loans.
3
Kumar Ranga, Mukesh, and Dr Yogesh Kumar Swami. "Impact of Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPI/FII) on Stocks of Public Sector Banks." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 04, no. 04 (2022): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i04.052.
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An economy like India, contributing comparatively higher growth opportunities than the developed economies like USA. Foreign portfolio investments (FPI) are an imperative element of the globalization of the world economy as it would largely affect the domestic financial sectors in the short run and genuine effect over the long haul. India had opened up its economy to the worldwide players during the year 1991 through Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) policy. The purpose of present paper is to find out impact and the relationship between FII/FPI and market prices of major Public Sector Banks (PSB) of India. For this secondary data has been used for 8 years from the duration of 2011 to 2019. The study also examines the effect of FII/FPI on market prices of public sector banks using regression analysis models.
4
Nthangu, Noel Damson, Mulatu F. Zerihun, and Mushoni Bulagi. "The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Foreign Capital Inflows in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 15, no. 3 (April 12, 2025): 457–65. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.18377.
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Foreign capital inflows (FCI) are essential for economic growth in developing countries. This study analyzes the impact of fiscal policy on FCI in 31 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using panel data from 1985 to 2019 and the System GMM dynamic modeling approach. The findings show that when foreign direct investment (FDI) is considered an endogenous variable, the real interest rate (RIR), government expenditure (GE), tax rate (TA), and GDP growth rate positively affect FDI, while the real exchange rate (RER) and inflation (INF) negatively correlate with it. There is also a positive relationship between lagged FDI and current FDI. For foreign portfolio investment (FPI), government expenditure and RER significantly influence FPI positively, while the tax rate has a negative effect. Although the RIR, inflation rate, GDP growth rate, and lagged FPI correlate positively with FPI, these relationships are statistically insignificant. The study emphasizes the need for coordinated fiscal policies in SSA to attract more FCI for growth. It recommends reassessing tax systems for greater competitiveness, establishing bilateral tax treaties to reduce international double taxation, and improving expenditure on capital projects to support foreign investment.
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Junaidi, Junaidi, and Udi Rusadi. "FPI dalam Isu Terorisme." PROPAGANDA 1, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37010/prop.v1i2.319.
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Kompas.com dan Detik.com mencoba untuk menghadapi persaingan di industri media online dalam bentuk komodifikasi berita. Komodifikasi secara singkat merupakan proses perubahan nilai guna (use value) sebuah produk, di mana nilainya tersebut ditentukan oleh seberapa besar kegunaannya dalam memenuhi individu atau sosial dalam bentuk produk-produk yang laku di pasar. Selain itu, Pemberitaan di media online dipengaruhi oleh ideologi dan ekonomi politik media yang terlihat dari framing berita yang dilakukan oleh Kompas.com dan Detik.com. Berita tentang terorisme merupakan salah satu isu yang dijual oleh Kompas.com dan Detik.com, meskipun berbeda pengambilan sudut pandangnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang menggambarkan keadaan sebenarnya untuk memberikan penjelasan dan jawaban terhadap pokok permasalahan yang diteliti, yaitu memaparkan bagaimana komodifikasi pemberitaan FPI dengan isu terorisme pada media online Kompas.com dan Detik.com. Kompas.com dan Detik.com memanfaatkan isu terorisme sebagai informasi yang memiliki daya jual tinggi terlebih dengan memasukkan FPI di setiap beritanya bahkan beberapa menjadikannya sebagai sebuah headline. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dari kemunculan berita mengenai kasus penangkapan teroris yang diduga sebagai anggota FPI, tidak hanya menjadi breaking news yang menyita waktu berjam-jam dalam pemberitaannya, melainkan kasus tersebut juga dapat dijual sebagai tayangan yang berisi informasi ringan yang mengacaukan perhatian masyarakat dari isu yang menegangkan menjadi isu yang layak dikonsumsi setiap hari. Terlebih menyebutkan FPI di dalamnya yang sebelumnya merupakan organisasi masyarakat yang memiliki banyak pengikut. Antusiasme masyarakat dalam mengikuti perkembangan berita seputar terorisme yang membuat program berita menjadi sebuah komoditas.
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Brewin, T. B. "Not TLC but Fpi." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 83, no. 3 (March 1990): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689008300315.
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Autaria, Ganeta, Yazwardi Yazwardi, and Kiki Mikail. "Persepsi Masyarakat Kota Palembang Terhadap Pembubaran FPI." Ampera: A Research Journal on Politics and Islamic Civilization 3, no. 03 (August 30, 2022): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v3i03.12105.
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Penelitian ini berangkat dari permasalahan 1) bagaimana persepsi masyarakat Kota Palembang terhadap pembubaran FPI? 2) Bagaimana sikap masyarakat Kota Palembang terhadap pembubaran FPI?. Data penelitian diambil dengan instrumen angket dimana penulis menyebarkan kuesioner melalui google form. Penyimpangan dari ideologi Pancasila dengan aksi yang dilakukan kepada Pemerintah dan pada akhirnya Pemerintah melakukan tindakan tegas atas organisasi yang dipimpin oleh Rizieq Syihab, sehingga pada tanggal 30 Desember 2020 Pemerintah secara resmi membubarkan FPI diseluruh Indonesia termasuk di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, salah satu undang-undang yang dilanggar yaitu UU nomor 16 tahun 2017.Berdasarkan kenyataan tersebut penulis ingin mengetahui persepsi masyarakat Kota Palembang terhadap pembubaran FPI, dimana FPI merupakan organisasi yang memainkan peran amar ma’ruf nafi munkar. Berdasarkan teori persepsi sosial yang bersif at selekt if , pemilihan persepsi yang bersif at selekt if mengingat persepsi masyarakat atas suatu objek yakni pembubaran ormas FPI. Dari hal tersebut penulis ingin melihat persepsi masyarakat terhadap keputusan Pemerintah yang membubarkan FPI.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dengan data yang diolah menggunakan SPSS yaitu Ada pengaruh persepsi masyarakat secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pembubaran FPI. Dilihat dari hasil persepsi masyarakat gerakan yang dilakukan FPI mendominasi jawaban yang setuju dan kurang setuju, sedangkan pada variabel pembubaran FPI didapatkan distribusi jawaban yang mendominasi setuju dalam item pernyataan ke 4 bahwa Pembubaran FPI telah sesuai Undang- Undang yang berlaku dikarenakan Indonesia merupakan Negara yang memiliki beberapa Agama.
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Aderopo, Raphael Adediyan, and Ekomoezor Emmanuel. "FOREIGN INVESTMENT INFLOWS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR A RENEWED ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: AN ECONOMETRIC STUDY." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 88–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3380018.
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This study attempts to find answer to the question of whether Nigeria should intensify effort to draw home more foreign investment; would more of foreign investment inflows accelerate Nigeria economic performance? Methodologically, annual time series data from 1986 to 2018 was analyzed using ARDL approach. The key findings are that, although FDI has long-run positive impact on economic growth, FPI has no operational effect on the growth; this is true of FPI both in the long-run and short-run. Furthermore, labour force and trade openness were found to have long-run and short-run positive impact on growth. Hence, government must tactically open up economy to trans-border trade, increase labour supply and intensify effort to attract more FDI.
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Noman, Abdullah, Mohammad Nakibur Rahman, and Atsuyuki Naka. "Portfolio investment outflow and the complementary role of direct investment." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 7, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-03-2014-0024.
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Purpose – This paper aims to uncover potential contemporaneous relationship between foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and another popular type of cross-border investment outflow, namely, foreign direct investment (FDI). Design/methodology/approach – The relationship between FPI and FDI are modeled using simultaneous equations approach to take potential endogeneity in to account. In a panel of 45 countries over the period of 2001-2009, FPI and FDI are found to be strategically complimentary to each other. Findings – The two-stage least square estimates suggest existence of both statistically and economically significant relationship between these two types of outflows. In particular, the FDI outflow has empirically significant predictive power in explaining the FPI outflow. Similarly, the FPI outflow also has significant explanatory power for the observed level of FDI outflow. Second, the FPI has greater explanatory power for FDI outflow than the FDI for the FPI outflow. Originality/value – The authors believe that the paper would contribute to the relevant literature in terms of its originality and scope. The empirical findings of the paper have valuable policy implications.
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Faruqi, Nabil Ali, and Muhammad Ariez Musthofa. "PERSEPSI DAN SIKAP TERHADAP ISU PEMBUBARAN FPI PADA MAHASISWA." JURNAL PSIKOLOGI INSIGHT 4, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/insight.v4i2.29216.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara persepsi terhadap Ormas Front Pembela Islam (FPI) dan sikap terhadap isu pembubaran FPI pada mahasiswa di Kota Bandung. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan desain korelasi. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 351 mahasiswa yang berkuliah di Kota Bandung. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Instrumen Persepsi Terhadap FPI yang disusun berdasarkan dimensi persepsi menurut Calhoun Acocella (dalam Septiyanti, 2009) untuk mengukur variabel persepsi terhadap FPI dan Instrumen Sikap Terhadap Isu Pembubaran FPI yang disusun berdasarkan Model Sikap ABC (Jain, 2014) untuk mengukur variabel sikap terhadap isu pembubaran FPI. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif antara persepsi terhadap FPI dan sikap terhadap isu pembubaran FPI pada mahasiswa di Kota Bandung dengan koefisien korelasi Pearson sebesar -0,770.
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Pasha Karim, Zahlul. "Relasi FPI dengan Dayah dalam Penegakan Syari’at Islam di Aceh." Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Indonesia (JSAI) 1, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jsai.v1i3.789.
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This article attempts to answer why FPI's relationship with Dayah in Aceh is so close. This condition is seen in contrast to several other areas in Indonesia that are seen to experience frequent collisions. This article shows that the relations between FPI and Dayah groups in Aceh occurred for several reasons: first, the FPI organization in Aceh was led by Dayah people and used the Dayah santri network as a mass base. When FPI entered Aceh, the idea was rejected by some senior Acehnese scholars. After FPI succeeded in approaching young people from the Dayah circles, such as Muslem Attahiry, FPI's progress was seen to be very strong and succeeded in establishing its influence in some Dayah. Second, FPI in Aceh has the right space on the issue they are raising, namely Islamic Syari'at. Politicians who need an image of taking sides with shari'ah need to use FPI, either directly or indirectly. Third, the character of Acehnese people who are fanatical and like religious symbols so they don't care less about FPI's background. The people of Aceh will accept it as long as they (FPI) wrap their actions and agendas with narratives and religious symbols.
 Abstrak
 Artikel ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan tentang mengapa hubungan FPI dengan Dayah di Aceh sangat dekat. Kondisi ini terlihat kontras dengan beberapa daerah lain di Indonesia yang terlihat sering mengalami benturan. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa relasi FPI dengan kalangan Dayah di Aceh terjadi karena beberapa sebab: pertama, organisasi FPI di Aceh dipimpin oleh orang Dayah dan menggunakan jaringan santri Dayah sebagai basis massa. Awal FPI masuk ke Aceh, idenya sempat ditolak oleh sejumlah ulama senior Aceh. Setelah FPI berhasil mendekati orang-orang muda dari kalangan Dayah, seperti Muslem Attahiry, kiprah FPI terlihat amat kuat dan berhasil menancapkan pengaruhnya di sejumlah Dayah. Kedua, FPI di Aceh memiliki ruang yang tepat pada isu yang mereka angkat, yaitu syari’at Islam. Politisi yang perlu citra keberpihakan pada syari’at perlu menggunakan FPI, baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung. Ketiga, karakter masyarakat Aceh yang fanatik dan menyukai simbol-simbol keagamaan sehingga kurang peduli dengan latar belakang FPI. Masyarkat Aceh akan menerima sejauh mereka (FPI) membungkus aksi dan agenda mereka dengan narasi-narasi dan simbol-simbol agama.
 
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Al-Khouri, Ritab. "Determinants of foreign direct and indirect investment in the MENA region." Multinational Business Review 23, no. 2 (July 20, 2015): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-07-2014-0034.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine the factors affecting the foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) flows among the 16 economies comprising the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. Design/methodology/approach – Panel data for the period 1984-2012 are used, and the generalized method of moment (GMM) technique is implemented. Findings – The results support the agglomeration effect, which indicates that countries which have already had FDI attract more FDI in the future. Economic risk affects FDI significantly and negatively, whereas trade openness has a significant and positive impact on FDI. Of the political risk factors considered, three of them, namely, law and order, ethnic tension and internal conflict, significantly affect FDI. The results on FPI show that the lag in FPI and the degree of openness play a significant role in attracting FPI into the MENA region. In addition, stock market capitalization, as well as the return on investment affects the FPI flow positively. The study also reveals a negative government structure impact on FPI, whereas, surprisingly, religious tension in the MENA region affects FPI positively. Originality/value – This research examines, simultaneously, the factors that determine not only FDI but also FPI flow. It uses a powerful econometric technique which avoids common estimation problems such as endogeneity, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. Policymakers in the MENA region recognized the need for outside capital as a major catalyst of development, economic growth and modernization. Therefore, it is essential to know the factors that would lead to a surge in capital flow to these countries.
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Hattari, Rabin, and Ramkishen S. Rajan. "How Different are FDI and FPI Flows?: Distance and Capital Market Integration." Journal of Economic Integration 26, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 499–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2011.26.3.499.
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Anwar, Zeshan, Maria Maria, Ayaz Qaiser, and Muhammad Noman Nagra. "The Nexus of Governance Indicators and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)." Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Bisnis 8, no. 1 (October 31, 2023): 76–82. https://doi.org/10.51263/jameb.v8i1.183.
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FPI is a critical factor for growth of developing nations, therefore, this study aimed at examining the relation of governance factors with FPI inflows in Pakistan during the period of year 2001 to 2020 by the OLS model. The results have depicted that all the factors positively and significantly influence inflows of FPI in Pakistan except rule of law which have insignificant relationship with FPI. Therefore, the government should improve the governance level for improving the trust of overseas investors and improving FPI flows which would ultimately result in growth of Pakistan’s economy.
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Manese, Rohit Mahatir. "Gerakan Islam Pasca Orde Baru: Kelahiran FPI dan Dampaknya." Historia Islamica: Journal of Islamic History and Civilization 2, no. 1 (August 15, 2023): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/historia.v2i1.658.
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The purpose of this study is to trace the birth of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and its impact in Indonesia. This article uses the library method to read, analyze and systematize the data obtained with the theme of FPI-related research. This article finds that post-new order, the space of freedomis increasingly open. Among the open spaces that are used by radical Islamic movements to reveal themselves and help color Indonesian reform, one of which is the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI). Furthermore, with the reality of open democracy earlier, through deliberations carried out by Habib Riziew et al, this movement grew organizationally. FPI is growing when it has good relations with the military and police, FPI often get funding supply and impunity over the law since its birth the existence of FPI has implications in national and religious life in Indonesia such as: accusations of hatred, assault and intolerance, religious politicization and encourage the birth of Sharia regional regulations (Perda Syariah) in Indonesia.
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Hafansyah, Hisan, and Taufiqurrohman Syahuri. "PEMBUBARAN ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATAN FRONT PEMBELA ISLAM (FPI) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM TATA NEGARA." Jurnal Yuridis 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35586/jyur.v10i2.7201.
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Terbentuknya organisasi kemasyarakatan merupakan salah satu bentuk dari kebebasan berserikat dan berkumpul dalam kehidupan negara hukum yang berdemokrasi. Front Pembela Islam (FPI) adalah salah satu contoh organisasi masyarakat yang ada di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, FPI telah dibubarkan oleh pemerintah melalui Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) tentang Larangan Kegiatan, Penggunaan Simbol dan Atribut, serta Penghentian Kegiatan Front Pembela Islam yang dikeluarkan pada tanggal 30 Desember 2020. Tindakan pemerintah ini menimbulkan polemik dan memunculkan beberapa pertanyaan apa penyebab dibubarkannya ormas FPI oleh pemerintah, kemudian bagaimana perspektif hukum tata negara tentang pembubaran ormas FPI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab dibubarkannya ormas FPI oleh pemerintah, kemudian untuk mengetahui bagaimana perspektif Hukum Tata Negara tentang pembubaran ormas FPI. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa beberapa penyebab organisasi Kemasyarakatan FPI dibubarkan oleh pemerintah yaitu, pertama, FPI telah dianggap bubar secara de jure oleh pemerintah sejak tanggal 21 Juni 2019 karena sudah tidak memiliki legal standing sebagai ormas. Kedua, FPI dalam menegakkan amar ma´ruf nahi munkar kerap disertai dengan tindakan anarkis dan kekerasan, bahkan sampai kepada perbuatan melanggar hukum. Maka dari itu, pemerintah mengeluarkan SKB untuk melarang dan menghentikan kegiatan FPI. Berdasarkan perspektif Hukum Tata Negara, pembubaran ormas FPI telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan-undangan yang berlaku. Selain itu, penggunaan SKB untuk melarang dan menghentikan kegiatan FPI dari segi hukum normatif ini menggunakan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, Selain itu telah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip negara hukum dan prinsip-prinsip negara demokrasi.
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Waty, Reni Rentika. "Landasan Sikap Oposisi Front Pembela Islam (FPI) Terhadap Pemerintahan Joko Widodo Tahun 2014-2020." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI) 2, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jisi.v2i2.22726.
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Abstract. FPI (Islamic Defenders Front) is a mass organization that has consistently became the opposition since the reformation. However, during the Joko Widodo’s (Jokowi) reign, the opposition stance of FPI was more dominant. By the though of Habib Rizieq Syihab as founder of FPI about democracy, as well as utilizing qualitative methods, this study aims to analyze the reasons of FPI's positioning as an opposition to the Jokowi government. This study finds there are two factors that become the basis of FPI's opposition namely ideological and political. Ideologically, FPI’s opposition is caused by what is believe as democrazy system, economic democrazy and legal democracy that occurred in Indonesia. In addition, the political factor is caused background was caused by various conflicts between FPI and the Jokowi government, namely the criminalization of ulama, the polemic of HRS's return to Indonesia, the shooting of the FPI Laskar, the disbandment of the FPI and the arrest of FPI members.Keywords: FPI, democrazy, opposition, Jokowi’s government.Abstrak. FPI (Front Pembela Islam) merupakan organisasi kemasyarakatan yang secara konsisten menempatkan diri sebagai oposisi sejak reformasi. Namun, pada masa pemerintahan Joko Widodo (Jokowi) sikap oposisi FPI lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan masa pemerintahan sebelumnya. Dengan landasan berpikir Habib Rizieq Syihab selaku pendiri FPI terkait demokrasi, serta metode kualitatif, penelitian ini ingin melihat alasan FPI memposisikan diri sebagai oposisi terhadap pemerintahan Jokowi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa landasan sikap oposisi FPI dibedakan menjadi dua latar belakang, yakni ideologis dan politis. Secara ideologis, sikap oposisi FPI disebabkan oleh democrazy sistem, democrazy ekonomi dan democrazy hukum yang terjadi di Indonesia. Kemudian, latar belakang politis diakibatkan oleh berbagai konflik antara FPI dengan pemerintahan Jokowi, yaitu kriminalisasi ulama, polemik kepulangan HRS ke Indonesia, penembakan Laskar FPI, pembubaran FPI dan penangkapan anggota FPI.Kata Kunci: FPI, demokrasi, oposisi, pemerintahan Jokowi.
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Sibanda, Mabutho, and Hlengiwe Ndlela. "The Causal Link between FDI, FPI and Carbon Emissions : Evidence from South Africa." African Journal of Business and Economic Research 14, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2019/14n2a3.
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Milne, K., P. Cawley, A. Dunhill, and D. C. Wright. "Vibro-enhanced fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI)." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 51, no. 7 (July 2009): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2009.51.7.378.
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Dias, L., K. Ribeiro, R. Cota, F. Menezes, and A. Goto. "Comminuted fracture approach in mandibular FPI." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 48 (May 2019): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.605.
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Yousfani, Kinza, Farhana Khowaja, and Ahmed Ali Yousfani. "The Commitment of Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment on the Monetary Development of Pakistan." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 5, no. 4 (2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.54.1001.
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Foreign direct investment has played an essential role in the economic growth of developing countries. The flow of foreign capital in the capital takes place mostly in the form of loans, foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI). The FDI could influence higher consumption and Investment in short-term and reflect destructively on long-term growth. However, an increase in FDI may decrease FPI volatility because it enhances the confidence of foreign investors and brings more investment in the home country. The Pakistan growth rate was witnessed from 2001-2016, which was descending due to various macroeconomic variables which influence the foreign direct investment of Pakistan. The FDI affects positively in the development process and economic progress as it supplies capital for developing nations for investment purpose. A few investigations have been directed on contact between FDI, FPI and large-scale manufacturing. Because of this plausibility, FDI impacts monetary extension, and thus, financial solidness impact FDI inflow, the connection among FDI and the development of the economy are likely unique. Also, the remote venture may impact monetary progression legitimately and in a roundabout way. In this manner, it is recommended in reliance hypothesis that FDI stream would not impact long haul practical limit in creating economies. Henceforth the progression of remote capital in a nation happens for the most part as credits, FDI and FPI. Likewise, the determinants of FPI incorporates factors which increment interest for outside trade and urges remote speculators to contribute their capital over the creating scene. Hence, therefore, this paper highlights the importance of FDI and FPI on the growth of developing countries.
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Fitri, Fitri, Alifa Nur Fitri, and Silvia Riskha Fabriar. "Analisis Wacana Kritis Pemberitaan Pembubaran FPI di Media Online." IQTIDA : Journal of Da'wah and Communication 1, no. 1 (June 19, 2021): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/iqtida.v1i1.3760.
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 This study intends to describe the structure of the text in the news of the Disbandment of FPI: DPR's Attitude, NU and Muhammadiyah Responses to Rizieq's Instructions on Tribunnews.com and Prohibited in NKRI All FPI activities will be stopped on Detik.com. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection method is done by library research. The data were analyzed based on the critical discourse analysis of Teun A. Van Dijk. The results showed that the structure of the text on Tribunnews.com and Detik.com agreed with the dissolution of FPI by the government. The social cognition of the two online media displays group and institutional knowledge, while at the level of the social context Tribunnews.com and Detik.com contain the practice of power and access with the actors, namely the government and FPI as community organizations.
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Hosser, Daniela, Oliver Lauterbach, and Kerstin Camehn. "Validität und Reliabilität des FPI-R beim Einsatz im Strafvollzug." Diagnostica 54, no. 3 (July 2008): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.54.3.129.
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Zusammenfassung. Das Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar (FPI-R), ein häufig im Strafvollzug verwendeter Test, wird anhand einer Inhaftiertenstichprobe bezüglich seiner psychometrischen Eigenschaften (Validität und Reliabilität) untersucht. Grundlage sind die Testdaten von 775 männlichen deutschen Inhaftierten aus dem Jugendstrafvollzug, die den Test im Rahmen der vollzuglichen Eingangsdiagnostik bearbeiteten. Konfirmatorische Faktoranalysen zeigen, dass sich die Faktorenstruktur des FPI-R nur teilweise replizieren lässt. Die psychometrischen Kennwerte der FPI-R-Skalen fallen deutlich schlechter aus als in der Normstichprobe und sind insbesondere für die Skalen Lebenszufriedenheit und Leistungsorientierung nicht zufriedenstellend. Die Testwerte der Inhaftierten weichen bezüglich der Skalen Aggressivität, Gehemmtheit und Soziale Orientierung in erwartungswidriger Richtung von den altersspezifischen Normwerten ab. Die Befunde werden im Hinblick auf den Einsatz des FPI-R im Strafvollzug diskutiert.
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Sunrita, Chaudhuri, and Mehrotra Vandana. "EFFECT OF FPI IN DEBT ON YIELDS OF INDIAN GOVERNMENT SECURITIES." Indian Journal of Economics and Business 20, no. 2 (September 3, 2021): 155–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408793.
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Abstract: Yields of government securities of various maturities give us the interest rate term structure This is used for pricing of financial instruments and making macroeconomic policies .Macroeconomic variables like output, inflation, fiscal deficit, call money rate and exchange rate have been shown to affect the gsec yields. This study focuses on effect of FPI in debt on yields. In India the FPI regime started in 2014.Since then the limits of debt investments by FPIs have been raised. An increase in FPI in gsec is expected to increase their prices and lower their yields. A regression analysis is conducted to study the effect of FPI in debt on yields of gsec of 1,5 and 10 years maturity. Findings show that an increase in FPI lowered gsec yields during the period of study April 2014 to March 2020 , though for some maturity the coefficient was not statistically significant.
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Waty, Reni Rentika, and Kamarudin Kamarudin. "Front Pembela Islam (FPI) sebagai Kekuatan Oposisi pada Masa Pemerintahan Joko Widodo Tahun 2014 - 2020." Journal of Politics and Democracy 1, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v1i2.26.
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FPI (Front Pembela Islam) merupakan organisasi kemasyarakatan yang secara konsisten menempatkan diri sebagai oposisi sejak reformasi. Namun, pada masa pemerintahan Jokowi sikap oposisi FPI lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan masa pemerintahan sebelum Jokowi. Dengan menggunakan teori oposisi Robert A. Dahl dan teori kelompok penekan Maurice Duverger, serta metode kualitatif, penelitian ini ingin melihat alasan FPI memposisikan diri sebagai oposisi, mengetahui bentuk sikap oposisional FPI dan afiliasi FPI dengan lawan politik Joko Widodo (Jokowi), kemudian menganalisis keterkaitan antara aspek ideologis dan aspek politis pada sikap oposisional FPI di masa pemerintahan Jokowi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa gerakan oposisional FPI dibedakan menjadi dua, yakni gerakan oposisional FPI yang didasarkan oleh aspek ideologis dan berdasarkan aspek politis. Hal tersebut mencakup dakwah, dukungan politik terhadap lawan Jokowi dan gerakan-gerakan yang menekan seperti Gerakan 212.
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Ismail, Pitoyo, Edy Prihantoro, and Noviawan Rasyid Ohorella. "ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN DAN KOMUNIKASI PEMERINTAH DALAM MEMBUBARKAN FRONT PEMBELA ISLAM (FPI)." WACANA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi 20, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32509/wacana.v20i2.1590.
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The news of the prohibition of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia against the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) seized the public's attention. Several national media such as kompas.com, detik.com and republica.co.id have different points of view. Each media reported this phenomenon with different framing according to media ideology. The purpose of this research is to see the news framing of the news of the ban on the Government of the Republic of Indonesia against the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) in the national online mass media. Methodologically this research uses a constructivism approach by applying textual analysis consisting of quantitative and qualitative analysis in the form of framing analysis. In addition, using intertextual analysis which includes analysis of text production and socio-cultural framing Robert Enmant. The results showed different frames on the 3 online portals. Kompas.com frames FPI news with a humanism frame, seeing the social impact of FPI's presence in society. The legal basis for the disbandment of FPI is clearly explained to show the truth to the public. Detik.com is almost the same as Kompas.com in framing the FPI phenomenon, by showing data and the fact that FPI has not yet received a permit again due to the organization's AD/ART problems. This is different from the Republika online frame which frames this reality in a straightforward manner, by showing evidence that FPI continues to fight injustice. The formation of negative opinions continues to be fought to provide a correct understanding of the community.
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Haider, Muhammad Afaq, Muhammad Asif Khan, and Elyas Abdulahi. "Determinants of Foreign Portfolio Investment and Its Effects on China." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 12 (November 17, 2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n12p143.
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<p>Foreign portfolio investment consists of securities and other capital inflows of assets possibly held by other foreign countries. Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) provides the investor with indirect ownership of financial assets. This study intends to investigate the economic factors which attract the investors to invest in the host country. We observed what the impact of FPI determinants on the Chinese economy. To elaborate our results we used multiple regression models by using E-views. This study investigates the effects of FPI and its determinants of the economic structure of China. The data of FPI, GDP, FDI, EXD and P has been taken from the World Bank. GDP and External Debt are the strong determinants of the FPI, the Exchange Rate, Population shows that these variables have a significant impact on the FPI. The investors speculate the high returns, more secure investors’ rights and feel safer to invest in the country.</p>
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Wei, Yafei, Sheng-Yang Gu, Zhenlin Yang, Cong Huang, Na Li, Guoyuan Hu, and Xiankang Dou. "Inversion of Wind and Temperature from Low SNR FPI Interferograms." Remote Sensing 15, no. 7 (April 4, 2023): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071934.
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The temperature and wind in the middle and upper atmosphere can be obtained by recording the Doppler shift and broadening of the airglow emission, which is reflected by the interference ring from a ground-based Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) system. FPI observations are highly susceptible to weather and the external environment, which seriously affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of FPI interferograms. An SNR can significantly increase errors in determining the center of the interferogram, leading to inaccurate wind and temperature inversions. The calculation shows that the wind inversion from the interferogram decreases and the temperature increases for larger central errors. In this paper, we propose the maximum standard deviation method (MSDM) with high accuracy and robustness to determine the interference ring center. The performance of the MSDM is better achieved by using more than 100 1D interferogram bins to determine the center of interferograms. The robustness of the MSDM is investigated by computing numerous simulated interferograms with white Gaussian noise and Poisson noise, and compared with the two algorithms of binarization and peak fitting, which are usually used to invert wind and temperature from the interference ring of FPI. The results show that MSDM has higher accuracy and robustness than the other two algorithms. We also simulate the distortion interferogram when the FPI may be illuminated by inhomogeneous background light, which can introduce additional errors in wind and temperature, and the MSDM still performs better. Finally, we invert the wind and temperature from the real airglow interferogram by the Kelan (38.7°N, 111.6°E) FPI, which shows that both the wind and temperature inverted by MSDM better agree well with the FPI product than the other two algorithms. Therefore, the MSDM helps to improve the accuracy and stability to invert the wind and temperature.
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Ahmad, Fayyaz, Muhammad Umar Draz, and Su-chang Yang. "Determinants of Foreign Portfolio Inflows: Analysis and Implications for China." Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting 7, no. 2 (September 23, 2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v7i2.8165.
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<p>In emerging markets, a number of factors like GDP growth, market efficiency and higher earnings expectations play a vital role in attracting stable and smooth foreign investment. This work is intended to explore the determinants of FPI in China and compare the results with determinants of FPI in India explored by Garg and Dua (2014). We have applied multiple-regression model for ten years’ data ranging from 2001 to 2010. The results indicate that external debts are the most significant determinant of FPI for China. We concur with Garg and Dua (2014) that GDP growth, FDI and exchange rate are among the significant determinants of FPI. Our findings suggest that China needs to sustain its economic growth in order to attract more FPI.</p>
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Chung, Yeong-Jin, and Eui Jin. "Assessment of the Fire Risk Index and Fire Risk Rating of Five Wood Species According to Chung’s Equation-XII." Fire Science and Engineering 37, no. 6 (December 31, 2023): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2f976c20.
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Chung's equations-X, -XII, and -XII were applied to evaluate the fire risk index (FRI) and fire risk rating (FRR) of five wood species. The test specimens used were ginkgo tree, dawn redwood tree, toona tree, lime tree, and walnut tree. A cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) was selected and used to test the combustion characteristics of the specimens. The fire performance index-X (FPI-X) and fire growth index-X (FGI-X) calculated using Chung’s equations ranged from 560.59 to 2689.89 s<sup>2</sup>/kW and from 0.0005 to 0.0016 kW/s<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, the FPI-XI and FGI-XI varied from 0.49 to 2.35 and from 1.67 to 5.33, respectively. FRI-XII, a FRR, showed that the fire risks of dawn redwood tree and ginkgo tree, at 10.88 (FRR: F) and 10.25 (FRR: F), respectively, were very high. In conclusion, a high FRI-XII value indicates that FPI-X and FPI-XI are low whereas FGI-X and FGI-XI are high.
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Aghevlian, Sadaf, Sean Collens, Julie Metcalf, Natalie Grinshtein, John Forbes, Frank Comer, Darshan Dalal, Puja Sapra, and Eric Burak. "Abstract A146: FPI-2068: A novel anti-EGFR/cMET, alpha-particle emitting, radioimmunoconjugate for cancer therapy." Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 22, no. 12_Supplement (December 1, 2023): A146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-23-a146.
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Abstract Introduction: FPI-2068, a targeted alpha therapeutic (TAT), consists of a humanized EGFR and cMET targeting bispecific antibody (FPI-2053) radiolabeled with actinium-225 [225Ac]. FPI-2068 leverages the EGFR/cMET co-expression in cancer (high vs. low in normal tissues) and internalizing nature of the receptors to deliver radionuclides into tumor cells. The primary tumoricidal mechanism of FPI-2068 is double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) induced by alpha radiation, which lead to cell death. Methods: FPI-2068 consists of FPI-2053 conjugated with a DOTA-chelate and radiolabeled with [225Ac]. FPI-2071 is the lutetium-177 analogue. The binding and internalization of FPI-2071 was studied in vitro using cancer cell lines (HT29 colorectal and H292, H441, H1975, HCC827 lung cancers). In vivo studies were performed in corresponding xenograft models. For biodistribution studies FPI-2071 was injected intravenously into mice and tumor/organ radioactivity was quantified ex vivo at selected timepoints. For therapeutic studies, a single dose of FPI-2068 was administered to groups of mice over a range from 92.5 to 740 kBq/kg. Explanted HT29 and H441 tumors from FPI-2068 treated mice were analyzed by immunoblotting to detect activation of DDR and cell death pathways. Results: FPI-2071 demonstrated in vitro binding to all cell lines tested, followed by internalization and retention of the radioisotope into target cells. The biodistribution profile of FPI-2071 showed low normal organ uptake in all xenograft models tested, while tumor uptake varied. The peak tumor uptake in each model was: H292 (~73 %ID/g), H441 (~38 %ID/g), HT29 (~30 %ID/g), HCC827 (~25 %ID/g) and H1975 (20 %ID/g). Delivery of FPI-2068 to target xenografts resulted in anti-tumor efficacy; treatment was well-tolerated by animals. Sustained tumor regression (&gt;28 days) was generally observed at doses of 370 kBq/kg and 740 kBq/kg across models. Lower doses were tumor growth suppressive. FPI-2068 treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in pATM and pRad50 expression indicating activation of DDR pathways in HT29 and H441 xenografts. Formation of DSB (pH2AX) and the induction of apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) was also observed, consistent with the proposed primary mechanism of action. Conclusions: FPI-2068 demonstrated its anti-tumor efficacy in colorectal and lung tumor xenograft mouse models. Single-dose administration of FPI-2068 led to prolonged tumor regression. FPI-2068 caused activation of the DDR pathway as well as apoptosis, suggesting an inability of the cellular machinery to repair the DNA damage induced by the alpha radiation. These data support initiation of clinical trials in patients with solid tumors. Citation Format: Sadaf Aghevlian, Sean Collens, Julie Metcalf, Natalie Grinshtein, John Forbes, Frank Comer, Darshan Dalal, Puja Sapra, Eric Burak. FPI-2068: A novel anti-EGFR/cMET, alpha-particle emitting, radioimmunoconjugate for cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A146.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Nicholas Morieson, and Hasnan Bachtiar. "Civilizational Populism in Indonesia: The Case of Front Pembela Islam (FPI)." Religions 13, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13121208.
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This article examines whether a ‘civilizational turn’ has occurred among populist movements in Indonesia. It focuses on the civilizational elements in the populist discourse of the Front Pembela Islam (Islamic Defender Front/FPI) in Indonesia. The article traces the FPI’s history and growing influence on politics and society in Indonesia in the 2010s. This article argues that the FPI has instrumentalized religious discourse, and through it divided Indonesian society into three groups: the virtuous ummah, corrupt elites, and immoral internal and external non-Muslim enemies, especially the civilizational bloc ‘the West’. This instrumentalization gained the group a degree of popularity in the second decade of the post-Suharto period and strengthened its political power and ability to bargain with mainstream political parties. The article uses the FPI’s actions and discourse during the Ahok affair to demonstrate the civilizational turn in Indonesian populism. The article shows how the FPI grew in power during the Ahok affair, in which a Christian Chinese politician, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, was accused of blasphemy by Indonesian Islamists and later convicted on the same charge by an Indonesian court. The FPI was a leading part of a broad coalition of Islamist groups and individuals which called for Ahok to be charged with blasphemy; charges which were eventually laid and which led to Ahok being sentenced to two years imprisonment. The FPI, the article shows, framed Ahok as a non-Muslim Christian and therefore a ‘foreign’ enemy who was spreading moral corruption in Indonesia, governing ‘elites’ as complacent in combating immorality and positioned themselves as defenders of ‘the people’ or ummah. From the security perspective of the state, the FPI presented a critical threat that required containing. As a result of the growing power of the group, the FPI was banned in 2020 and Rizieq was imprisoned, while Ahok was politically rehabilitated by the Widodo government. Although the FPI’s banning is considered the most effective nonpermanent solution for the state, there is evidence that the FPI’s discourse has been adopted by mainstream political actors. This article, then, finds that the growth of the FPI during the second decade of the post-Suharto period, and their actions in leading the persecution of Ahok, demonstrates a civilizational turn in Indonesian Islamist populism.
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Santoso, Puji. "Framing Model of FPI News on MetroTV." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i3.246.
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The research has a specific objective, namely how the national news television station MetroTV media tends to construct news reality about the Islamic Defenders Front Islamic organization which later changed to the Islamic Brotherhood Front or FPI for short in the 2016-2017 period. Furthermore, the content analysis of MetroTV television media will find framing tendencies as well as find framing models on MetroTV television media in constructing news about FPI in the 2016-2017 period. This research method focuses on collecting, analyzing media content (framing studies), and mixing quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or series of studies. The main premise is the use of quantitative and qualitative approaches in combination (mixed method), by providing a better understanding of the research problem because it uses two approaches at once. The main instrument in this study is the researcher himself who collects data through the website from metrotvnews.com in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and conducts relevant documentation studies related to the object under study such as literature, blogspot, internet (online), e-journals, and reports on the results of similar research that are considered relevant. The results of this study found that the news television station under study, namely MetroTV, tends to construct and framing all FPI news that enters the newsroom. In addition, it was found that there is a framing model that MetroTV tends to do. MetroTV's coverage of FPI is always constructed in such a way that it produces text and visuals (frames) which in turn give rise to messages and meanings that give effect and a religious stigma to the masses of Muslims in general.
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Pasaribu, Shafiah Meike Serepina. "PENGARUH ALIRAN MODAL ASING TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI ASIA." Bina Ekonomi 22, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/be.v22i2.3790.95-114.
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ABSTRACTCapital account liberalization possibly promotes growth. However, the policy is considered a source of crisis. This study examines the effect of foreign capital inflows, in terms of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and FPI (Foreign Portfolio Investment), on economic growth and examines the determinants of capital flows to selected Asian countries over the 1998-2017 period. Based on the Two-Stage Least Square result, higher USA growth rates and lower interest rate differential are push factors of FDI, while domestic economic growth is a pull factor of FDI and FPI. The long-run FDI positively and significantly affects growth, whereas FPI has a negative but non-significant effect. The result indicates that an increase in growth can boost FDI inflows thereupon leads to higher growth. Keywords: economic growth; capital flows; liberalization
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Akbar, Hikmatul, Noorhaidi Hasan, and Dicky Sofjan. "Sacred Text Narratives and Religious Violence: The Case of Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) in Indonesia." Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies 19, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/afkaruna.v19i2.16884.
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FPI is one among several Islamist Groups in Indonesia. Seeing through its fierce actions, people tend to judge FPI as radicals. Some political elites even classify it as terrorist. Despite the fact that it violates many rules, FPI claims to be a religious and pious one. The government disbanded FPI at the end of 2020 because of its numerous violent actions. However, it continues to get support from many Islamic communities. For some conservative Muslims, FPI actions are a sample of how Islamic teaching should be applied in daily life. Using qualitative research and narrative analysis, this paper explored the narrative of Sacred Text, especially the Quran and Hadith presented by FPI, on how it is managed, interpreted, and spread to the public. This paper also explored the possible errors FPI made in narrating sacred text. The results show FPI’s determination to interpret and narrate sacred text as a way to achieve a goal, without considering the views of other religious scholars and books that can better guide narrating and interpreting the Sacred Text.
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Ma’arif, Syamsul. "PEMAHAMAN KEBERAGAMAAN DAN GERAKAN KELOMPOK FPI SURABAYA." Jurnal THEOLOGIA 23, no. 2 (August 24, 2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/teo.2012.23.2.1671.
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<p align="justify"><em>Attitudes of</em><em> </em><em>FPI</em><em> </em><em>(</em><em>Islamic </em><em>Defenders Front</em><em>) </em><em>in</em><em> </em><em>Indonesia</em><em> </em><em>so far </em><em> </em><em>impressed '</em><em>frontal' and </em><em>against</em><em> </em><em>any form of</em><em> </em><em>indecent behavior.</em><em> </em><em>Their action</em><em>, </em><em>in fact</em><em> </em><em>it can be said</em><em> </em><em>as one of the</em><em> </em><em>deepest</em><em> </em><em>expression</em><em> </em><em>of</em><em> </em><em>a group of</em><em> </em><em>Muslims</em><em> </em><em>in articulating</em><em> </em><em>religious teachings</em><em> </em><em>are</em><em> </em><em>embraced</em><em>, or as </em><em>an attitude of "</em><em>piety" </em><em>in viewing of</em><em> </em><em>all</em><em> </em><em>the different faiths</em><em> </em><em>in the belief</em><em> </em><em>that he believes</em><em>. </em><em>Especially</em><em> </em><em>in view of</em><em> </em><em>problems</em><em> </em><em>that are clearly</em><em> </em><em>regarded</em><em> </em><em>as a form of</em><em> </em><em>disobedience</em><em>, </em><em>apostasy</em><em> </em><em>and</em><em> </em><em>blasphemy.</em><em> </em><em>The responses</em><em> </em><em>and reactions</em><em>, </em><em>as well as</em><em> </em><em>research that has been</em><em> </em><em>conducted by the author</em><em> </em><em>in</em><em> </em><em>Surabaya</em><em> </em><em>is in order to</em><em> </em><em>uphold the</em><em> </em><em>principles of</em><em> </em><em>faith</em><em> </em><em>are</em><em> </em><em>considered "</em><em>correct" earlier. </em><em>This paper aims</em><em> </em><em>to</em><em> </em><em>provide</em><em> </em><em>comprehensive information on</em><em> </em><em>what factors</em><em> </em><em>underlie</em><em> </em><em>the birth of</em><em> </em><em>contemporary</em><em> </em><em>religious</em><em> </em><em>groups</em><em>-</em><em>particularly </em><em>FPI</em><em> </em><em>in</em><em> </em><em>Surabaya</em><em>. </em><em>And find the</em><em> </em><em>religious understanding</em><em>, </em><em>activity</em><em> </em><em>and movements</em><em> </em><em>FPI</em><em> </em><em>group</em><em> </em><em>in the area.</em><em> </em><em>Overview of</em><em> </em><em>the results</em><em> </em><em>of this study</em><em> </em><em>are expected to</em><em> </em><em>eventually</em><em> </em><em>be able to</em><em> </em><em>eliminate</em><em> </em><em>the possibility of</em><em> </em><em>misunderstanding</em><em> </em><em>information</em><em> </em><em>is the cause of</em><em> </em><em>the onset of</em><em> </em><em>prejudice</em><em> </em><em>and</em><em> </em><em>stereotypes</em><em> </em><em>is the first step</em><em> </em><em>in conflict or</em><em> </em><em>resolve</em><em> </em><em>conflicts between</em><em> </em><em>religious</em><em> </em><em>communities</em><em> </em><em>in a comprehensive manner</em><em>. </em><em>Therefore</em><em>, </em><em>the</em><em> </em><em>known</em><em> </em><em>diversity of</em><em> </em><em>religious groups</em><em> </em><em>with the dynamics of</em><em> </em><em>movements will</em><em> </em><em>make it easier for</em><em> </em><em>religious</em><em> </em><em>communities</em><em> </em><em>to</em><em> </em><em>learn from each</em><em> </em><em>other</em><em>.</em><em></em></p><p align="justify"><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Sikap-sikap FPI (Front Pembela Islam) di Indonesia selama ini terkesan ‘frontal’ dan melawan setiap bentuk kemunkaran. Aksi mereka, sebenarnya bisa dikatakan sebagai salah satu bentuk ekspresi terdalam dari sekelompok orang muslim dalam mengartikulasikan ajaran-ajaran agama yang dipeluknya, atau sebagai bentuk sikap “kesalehan” dalam memandang setiap keyakinan yang berbeda dengan keyakinan yang diyakininya. Apalagi dalam memandang persoalan yang jelas-jelas dianggap sebagai bentuk kemaksiatan, kesesatan dan penodaan agama. Maka respons dan reaksi mereka, sebagaimana hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan penulis di Surabaya adalah dalam rangka menegakkan prinsip keimanan yang dianggap “benar” tadi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi yang komprehensif tentang faktor apa saja yang melatari lahirnya kelompok-kelompok keagamaan kontemporer—terutama sekali FPI di Surabaya. Sekaligus mengetahui pemahaman keagamaan, aktifitas dan gerakan-gerakan kelompok FPI di daerah tersebut. Gambaran hasil penelitian ini pada akhirnya diharapkan mampu mengeliminasi kemungkinan kesalahpahaman informasi yang menjadi sebab timbulnya prejudice, dan stereotype yang merupakan langkah awal terjadinya konflik atau mengatasi konflik antar komunitas agama secara komprehensif. Sebab, dengan diketahui keanekaragaman kelompok-kelompok keagamaan dengan</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>dinamika gerakannya akan lebih memudahkan masyarakat agama untuk saling belajar satu sama lain.</em></p>
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Crestani, B., and Yurdagül Uzunhan. "Physiopathologie de la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI)." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités 3 (September 2011): S109—S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1877-1203(11)70065-9.
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van Neerven, Paul. "FPI als voorspeller voor dynamische beweging achtervoet." PodoSophia 18, no. 6 (November 2010): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12481-010-0112-2.
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Cortêz, Pablo Costa, Roberta Lins Gonçalves, Ayrles Silva Gonçalves Barbosa Mendonça, Rosiney De Souza Pantoja, Elisa Brosina De Leon, and Fernanda Figueirôa Sanchez. "Reabilitação pulmonar em indivíduos com fibrose pulmonar idiopática: qual a evidência?" Fisioterapia Brasil 18, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/fb.v18i1.759.
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Introdução: A fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI) é uma pneumonia intersticial idiopática crônica, progressiva, sem cura, com morte entre 3 meses a 4 anos após o diagnóstico. A qualidade de vida (QV) dos indivíduos com FPI é baixa, com muitos sintomas respiratórios. Têm-se demonstrado que a melhora da QV e dos sintomas pode ocorrer com a reabilitação pulmonar (RP). Contudo, existem poucos estudos nacionais sobre o assunto sendo esta conduta pouca realizada no Brasil. Objetivos: Investigar evidências científicas sobre a RP em indivíduos com FPI. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de estudos secundários: diretrizes, guidelines e revisões sistemáticas, em inglês e português, publicados entre 2000 e 2016 nas bases de dados: BVS, Cochrane Library, PEDro, PubMed, Scielo Org. Os descritores e seus correlatos foram identificados no Medical Subject Headings e nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. A questão PICO foi: P: indivíduo com FPI, I: reabilitação pulmonar, O: tempo livre de piora, dispneia, distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), QV, capacidade vital forçada (CVF) e sobrevida. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada através do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) e do Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (R-AMSTAR). O grau de recomendação e a sugestão da prática foram baseados no United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Resultados: Seis artigos foram incluídos com boa qualidade metodológica. A RP foi recomendada para a maioria dos indivíduos com FPI – grau de recomendação B. Conclusão: A RP foi capaz de melhorar positivamente a maioria dos desfechos analisados, devendo ser incluída no rol de condutas terapêuticas para indivíduos com FPI que desejarem realiza-la.Palavras-chave: reabilitação, fibrose pulmonar idiopática, exercícios respiratórios, terapia por exercício.
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Tite, Onome, Oluwatomisin M. Ogundipe, Adeyemi A. Ogundipe, and Mukail Aremu Akinde. "Analysis of foreign capital inflows and stock market performance in Nigeria." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 19, no. 4 (October 18, 2022): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(4).2022.05.
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Most studies concentrate on the impact of only one constituent of the foreign capital influx on the stock market and economic performance, but only few studies simultaneously considered the unique impact of the duo of foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and foreign direct investment (FDI), and many of these studies were not undertaken in Nigeria.This study, therefore, assesses how foreign capital inflows (FPI and FDI) affect the stock market development in Nigeria. The foundations for the empirical study were built upon the dividend discount model, which formed the basis for the analytical framework. Going forward, the ARDL co-integration procedure was adopted to examine the long-run relationship between foreign capital and stock market performance. The results from the ARDL Bounds test suggest no evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between foreign capital inflows (FDI &amp;amp; FPI) and the stock market performance. Also, the short-run analysis indicates an insignificant relationship between FDI and stock market performance, whereas, a reversed relationship was obtained for FPI, as it exerts a positive and significant impact on stock market performance. The study recommends strengthening the institutional framework for the enlistment of multinational companies in the Nigerian stock market.
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Winges, Sara A., Kurt W. Kornatz, and Marco Santello. "Common Input to Motor Units of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hand Muscles During Two-Digit Object Hold." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 3 (March 2008): 1119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01059.2007.
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Anatomical and physiological evidence suggests that common input to motor neurons of hand muscles is an important neural mechanism for hand control. To gain insight into the synaptic input underlying the coordination of hand muscles, significant effort has been devoted to describing the distribution of common input across motor units of extrinsic muscles. Much less is known, however, about the distribution of common input to motor units belonging to different intrinsic muscles and to intrinsic-extrinsic muscle pairs. To address this void in the literature, we quantified the incidence and strength of near-simultaneous discharges of motor units residing in either the same or different intrinsic hand muscles (m. first dorsal, FDI, and m. first palmar interosseus, FPI) during two-digit object hold. To extend the characterization of common input to pairs of extrinsic muscles (previous work) and pairs of intrinsic muscles (present work), we also recorded electromyographic (EMG) activity from an extrinsic thumb muscle (m. flexor pollicis longus, FPL). Motor-unit synchrony across FDI and FPI was weak (common input strength, CIS, mean ± SE: 0.17 ± 0.02). Similarly, motor units from extrinsic-intrinsic muscle pairs were characterized by weak synchrony (FPL-FDI: 0.25 ± 0.02; FPL-FPI: 0.29 ± 0.03) although stronger than FDI-FPI. Last, CIS from within FDI and FPI was more than three times stronger (0.70 ± 0.06 and 0.66 ± 0.06, respectively) than across these muscles. We discuss present and previous findings within the framework of muscle-pair specific distribution of common input to hand muscles based on their functional role in grasping.
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Faro, L. E., and L. G. Albuquerque. "Comparação de alguns modelos matemáticos para o ajuste às curvas de lactação individuais de vacas da raça Caracu." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 54, no. 3 (June 2002): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352002000300013.
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Foram ajustadas 7239 curvas de lactação de vacas Caracu, controladas semanalmente entre os anos de 1978 a 1988, pertencentes à Fazenda Chiqueirão, Poços de Caldas, MG. As funções utilizadas foram a linear hiperbólica (FLH), a quadrática logarítmica (FQL), a gama incompleta (FGI) e a polinomial inversa (FPI). Os parâmetros foram estimados por meio de regressões não lineares, usando-se processos iterativos. A verificação da qualidade do ajuste baseou-se no coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²A), no teste de Durbin-Watson (DW) e nas médias e desvios-padrão estimados para os parâmetros e funções dos parâmetros dos modelos. Para a curva média, os R²A foram superiores a 0,90 para todas as funções. Bons ajustes, baseados nos R²A>0,80 foram obtidos, respectivamente, por 25,2%, 39,1%, 31,1% e 28,4% das lactações ajustadas pelas funções FLH, FQL, FGI e FPI. De acordo com o teste de DW, bons ajustes foram proporcionados para 29,4% das lactações ajustadas pela FLH, 54,9% pela FQL, 34,9% pela FGI e 29,6% pela FPI. Para ambos os critérios, a FQL foi superior às demais funções, indicando grande variação nas formas das curvas de lactação geradas pelos ajustes individuais. Curvas atípicas foram estimadas pelas funções, com picos ocorrendo antes do parto e algumas vezes após o término da lactação. Todas as funções apresentaram problemas quando ajustaram dados individuais.
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Chung, Yeong-Jin, and Eui Jin. "Assessment and Prediction of Fire Risk Grades of Wood Species in Different Storage Environments." Fire Science and Engineering 36, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.e10d431f.
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In this study, the fire risk index of different wood species used in construction was calculated using Chung's equations-II, Chung's equations-III, and Chung's equation-IV. The test specimens were from larch, Russian ash, sapele, and camphor tree. Their fire characteristics were evaluated using a cone calorimeter according to ISO 5660-1. After combustion, the fire performance index-II (FPI-II) of the specimens, as calculated by Chung's equations, varied between 1.56 and 8.12 s<sup>2</sup>/kW, and the fire growth index-II (FGI-II) varied between 0.03 and 0.23 kW/s<sup>2</sup>. The fire performance index-III (FPI-III) based on polymethylmetacrylate varied between 5.27 and 27.36, and the fire growth index-III (FGI-III) varied between 0.20 and 1.58. The fire risk index-IV (FRI-IV), which is the fire risk grade, showed that Russian ash and camphor tree have a high fire risk, with FRI-IV values of 0.27 and 0.30, respectively. Therefore, wood species that contain volatile compounds or have a low bulk density have a high FRI-IV value owing to decreased FPI-II and FPI-III and increased FGI-II and FGI-III.
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Waty, Reni Rentika. "The Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) As an Opposition Force in The Joko Widodo’s Era in 2014-2020." International Journal of Islamic Khazanah 11, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijik.v11i2.13147.
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FPI (Islamic Defenders Front) is a mass organization that has consistently positioned itself as the opposition since the reformation. However, during the Jokowi era, the FPI's opposition was more dominant than during before Jokowi era. Using Robert A. Dahl's opposition theory and Maurice Duverger's pressure group theory, as well as qualitative methods, this study wants to see the reasons for FPI as an opposition, FPI's affiliation with Joko Widodo's political opponents. It then analyzes the relationship between ideological and political aspects. This study shows that the FPI oppositional movement is divided into two. That is, the FPI oppositional movement is based on ideological aspects and based on political aspects. This includes da'wah, political support for Jokowi's opponents, and oppressive movements such as the 212 movements. FPI can strengthen identity politics because FPI often uses SARA issues in its movement as a radical Islamic organization.
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Wahyu, Wahyu Setiawan, and Agoes Moh Moefad. "Hegemoni Media Dalam Pemberitaan Pembubaran Ormas Islam." AL-HIKMAH: Media Dakwah, Komunikasi, Sosial dan Budaya 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/hikmah.v12i2.3089.
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Pada waktu lalu pemerintah telah resmi membubarkan FPI. Pembubaran ini diberitakan oleh media dengan masif. Hasil dari pemberitaan menurut manajer program SMRC bahwa mayoritas warga setuju dengan pembubaran FPI. Metrotvnews sebagai salah satu media yang memberitakan pembubaran FPI dapat turut serta merubah pandangan mayoritas masyarakat atau kelompok yang didominasi untuk setuju dengan keputusan kelompok dominan atas pembubaran FPI. Peristiwa semacam ini menjelaskan indikasi hegemoni media. Penelitian meneliti hegemoni media metrotvnews dalam pemberitaan pembubaran FPI. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksploratif dan deskriptif. Sumber data menggunakan sumber data primer berupa channel youtube metrotvnews, dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan dokumen dan teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemberitaan-pemberitaan metrotvnews dengan judul-judul seperti Pemerintah Resmi Tetapkan FPI Ormas Terlarang, Alasan Pemerintah Bubarkan FPI, Ahmad Sahroni: FPI Meresahkan dan Musuh Negara, FPI Bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 memang menunjukkan terdapat hegemoni dalam pemberitaan. Dalam hegemoni media ini juga menunjukkan bahwa hegemoni dalam pemberitaan metrotvnews ini adalah suatu hal yang tepat karena pada kenyataanya FPI memang ormas yang telah melanggar ketentuan yang ada dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari hegemoni metrotvnews juga menunjukkan bahwa FPI yang sebelumnya memiliki pengaruh di masyarakat maka dengan hegemoni ini mayoritas masyarakat menjadi mendukung atau setuju atas pelarangan atau pembubaran FPI.
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Zhou, Cheng, Yanjun Song, Qian Zhou, Jiajun Tian, and Yong Yao. "Ultra-High-Sensitivity Humidity Fiber Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect in Cascaded FPI." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 25, 2022): 4816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134816.
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In this study, an ultra-high-sensitivity fiber humidity sensor with a chitosan film cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) based on the harmonic Vernier effect (HVE) is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed sensor can break the limitation of the strict optical path length matching condition in a traditional Vernier effect (TVE) FPI to achieve ultra-high sensitivity through the adjustment of the harmonic order of the HVE FPI. The intersection of the internal envelope tracking method allows spectra demodulation to no longer be limited by the size of the FSR of the FPI. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor is −83.77 nm/%RH, with a magnification of −53.98 times. This work acts as an excellent guide in the fiber sensing field for the further achievement of ultra-high sensitivity.
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P, Aswathi, and T. Mohammed Nishad. "UNRAVELING THE IMPACT OF FPI AND DII ON INDIAN STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY." Social Science Review A Multidisciplinary Journal 3, no. 3 (2025): 152–57. https://doi.org/10.70096/tssr.250303025.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how the flows of domestic institutional investment (DII) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) impact the price volatility of Indian stock markets. This paper employing econometric models, including GARCH/ARCH models to capture volatility dynamics and the Johansen co-integration test to assess the relationships with secondary data from market indices the Nifty 50 and Sensex from 2006 to 2024. The analysis reveals that unexpected flow of FPI has a positive impact on market volatility. While DII flows play a stabilizing role, especially during the period of uncertainty. And there is ARCH effect in FPI and DII on Capital market. These findings have important implications for policy makers, researchers, regulators and Government.
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Armstead, William M. "ATP-dependent K+ channel activation reduces loss of opioid dilation after brain injury." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 274, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): H1674—H1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.5.h1674.
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ATP-dependent K+(KATP) channel function is impaired after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI). Additionally, the nitric oxide (NO) releaser sodium nitroprusside and a cGMP analog elicit pial dilation via KATP channel activation, whereas opioids such as methionine enkephalin (Met) elicit pial dilation via NO and KATP channel activation. Decremented Met dilation contributes to reductions in pial artery diameter and altered cerebral hemodynamics after FPI. This study was designed to investigate the role of KATP channel activation before FPI in the loss of opioid dilation subsequent to FPI in newborn pigs equipped with a closed cranial window. FPI was produced by allowing a pendulum to strike a piston on a saline-filled cylinder that was fluid coupled to the brain via a hollow screw in the cranium. FPI blunted dilation to Met (7 ± 1, 11 ± 1, and 17 ± 1% before FPI vs. 1 ± 1, 4 ± 1, and 6 ± 1% after FPI for 10−10, 10−8, and 10−6 M Met, respectively). Met-associated elevation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cGMP was similarly blunted (350 ± 12 and 636 ± 12 fmol/ml before FPI vs. 265 ± 5 and 312 ± 17 fmol/ml after FPI for control and 10−6 M Met, respectively). In piglets pretreated with cromakalim (10−10 M) 20 min before FPI, Met dilation was partially restored (7 ± 1, 10 ± 1, and 15 ± 1% before FPI vs. 4 ± 1, 7 ± 1, and 11 ± 1% after FPI for 10−10, 10−8, and 10−6 M Met, respectively). Met cGMP release was similarly partially restored (400 ± 9 and 665 ± 25 fmol/ml before FPI vs. 327 ± 11 and 564 ± 23 fmol/ml after FPI for control and 10−6 Met, respectively). Cromakalim (10−10 M) had no effect on pial diameter itself but prevented pial artery constriction by FPI (148 ± 5 to 124 ± 5 μm vs. 139 ± 4 to 141 ± 4 μm in the absence vs. presence of cromakalim pretreatment, respectively). In contrast, pretreatment with a subthreshold concentration of NS-1619, a calcium-dependent K+ channel agonist, did not restore vascular and biochemical parameters after FPI. These data indicate that prior KATP channel activation reduces the loss of opioid dilation after FPI.
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Nthangu, Noel, Mulatu Zerihun, and Mushoni Bulagi. "The Socioeconomic determinants of foreign capital inflows in selected Sub-Saharan African Countries." International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293) 7, no. 2 (May 2, 2025): 307–18. https://doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v7i2.751.
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Foreign capital inflows (FCI) are essential for economic growth in developing countries. This study examines the socioeconomic factors affecting FCI in 31 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, utilizing panel data from 1985 to 2019 and employing the System GMM dynamic modeling approach. The findings indicate that when foreign direct investment (FDI) is treated as an endogenous variable, real interest rate (RIR), life expectancy (LEX), GDP growth rate, and food security (foodsec) have significant positive impacts. Conversely, the real exchange rate (RER) and inflation (INF) negatively correlate with FDI. Human capital investment is not statistically significant while the relationship between lagged FDI and current FDI is positive but nonsignificant. When foreign portfolio investment (FPI) is considered an endogenous variable, only food security exhibits a positive and statistically significant factor, suggesting that food security can enhance FPI flows. The study recommends that SSA countries aiming to attract more FCI should focus on improving healthcare, food security, and education. It is also suggested that countries should develop highly skilled R&D employees, public and private scientific research institutions, and industrial concentration in a country because they fundamentally drive the development and success of foreign capital flow levels. Central banks should also implement effective strategies to optimize capital flows by advancing financial institutions.
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Anwar, Saeful. "Pemikiran dan Gerakan Amr Ma‘rûf Nahy Munkar Front Pembela Islam (FPI) di Indonesia 1989-2012." Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam 4, no. 1 (October 2, 2015): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2014.4.1.220-250.
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<p>This article explores the history of thoughts and movements of the Front Pembela Islam (FPI) in Indonesia between 1998 and 2012. The study concludes that since many government regulations are violated by the public, including the prohibition of gambling, prostitution and other forms of disobedience and lack of firmness of the government, FPI feels the need to take the initiative to help the government fight against immorality in order to enforce <em>amr ma‘rûf nahy munkar</em>. This is done through the movement run by the military force of the FPI who often uses means of violence. In line with this study, FPI should not perform <em>nahy munkar</em> movement using any violent means, such as damaging public facilities, hurting people, and other destructive deeds. The reason is that by doing such violent actions, FPI will not even help resolving the moral problems that occur in Indonesia. In addition, the violent movement does not reflect the image of Islam as a religion of peace.</p>