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Cardoso, Edvaldo José Rodrigues, João José Lachat, Luiza Silva Lopes, Antonio Carlos dos Santos e Benedicto Oscar Colli. "Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs". Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 26, suppl 2 (2011): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502011000800003.
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PURPOSE: To analyze the ventricular enlargement and myelination of the corpus callosum in adult dogs after four and eight weeks of kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus. METHODS: 36 dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 - without hydrocephalus, 2 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the fourth week, and 3 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the eighth week. Ventricular ratios and volumes were calculated using magnetic resonance images, and myelination of the corpus callosum were histologically evaluated using solocromo-cianin stain. RESULTS: Radiological hydrocephalus was observed in 93.75% and overall mortality was 38.4%. Ventricular volumes and ratios were higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 and similar when measures in the fourth and eighth weeks were compared in the group 3. Indices of luminescence in the knee and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in group 2 than in group 1 indicating that there was loss of myelin in group 2, and similar in groups 1 and 3, showing a tendency to remyelination after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: The corpus callosum of dogs with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus responds with demyelination of the knee and splenium by the fourth week with a tendency to remyelination by the eighth week.
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Kim, Daewoong, e Kangyi Lee. "The Association Between Self-Disclosure Patterns and Loneliness in Fourth Grade Children". Korean Journal of Child Studies 44, n.º 3 (31 de agosto de 2023): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2023.44.3.239.
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Objectives: This study examined the association between self-disclosure patterns and loneliness in fourth grade children. Specifically, we aimed to explore the multidimensionality of self-disclosure and distinguish between social and emotional loneliness.Methods: The study included 514 fourth grade elementary school students residing in Seoul (male: 261). Latent profile analysis was used to distinguish different patterns of self-disclosure. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between each pattern and loneliness.Results: First, children's self-disclosure patterns in fourth grade were classified into three groups. The straightforward group was characterized by high levels of depth, and moderate levels of amount, accuracy, and positiveness. Whereas the sugarcoating group reported the highest levels of positiveness, and moderate levels of amount, accuracy, and depth. However, the passive group was characterized by low levels of amount and depth, moderate levels of accuracy, and slightly high levels of positiveness. Second, the passive group felt lonelier than the other two patterns of children, and the sugarcoating group experience less loneliness than the other two patterns of children. Despite the straightforward group's tendency to openly share their inner selves with others, they experienced a higher level of loneliness than the sugarcoating group.Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of examining children's self-disclosure patterns to alleviate their loneliness. Furthermore, children's self-disclosure can be classified into different patterns. The findings emphasized the necessity of developing intervention plans tailored to different self-disclosure patterns to effectively address children's feelings of loneliness.
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Radulović, Srđan. "Bitcoin and the "fourth wave" of globalization". Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 54, n.º 1 (2024): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp54-44648.
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The tendency to transform individual social communities into a universal, unified society which knows no boundaries (or at least does not insist on them), with the necessary dose of simplification, is the conceptual definition of globalization. Since it is a tendency, globalization naturally has its own temporal dimension. The process of determining the time coordinates of this phenomenon is extremely complex and the results may vary depending on the scientific approach and point of view. However, we believe that it is possible to reach a consensus that the process of globalization is not continuous, but has several phases. We tend to think that there are three main phases of globalization. Of course, we fully respect other competing systems of periodization and argumentation on which they are based. Nevertheless, we do not doubt that proponents of different periodization would agree that a new phase of globalization began recently, although it is difficult to determine the exact moment when it was initiated. Namely, on October 31, 2009, a mysterious developer, or more likely group of developers, behind the fictious name of Satoshi Nakamoto, published the so-called White Paper titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. More than ten years later, on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These two, at first glance unrelated events cumulatively initiated chain of new transformations, all leading toward a more unified society. Probably the most important change, one that is the focus of this paper, is the transformation of centralized localized monetary systems into completely decentralized, digitalized, totally independent, almost entirely self-sustaining, and self-regulating global financial structure. This paper presents a part of the results collected through the theoretical-empirical research conducted previously on both legal and socio-economic moments that initiated a new phase of globalization. These results refer mostly to events that initiated a new phase of globalization, their connections, and problems of periodization. The remaining results, results on the scope and expected overall effects of this phase, will be presented in the next article in this series. All the results of the research and conclusions were collected based on different analytical-synthetical methods, mostly abstraction and generalization. In this paper specifically, different techniques of the normative method were used. Also, special techniques of legal norm interpretation were used in the process.
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Maxim, Ekaterina Aleksandrovna, Denis Anatolievich Yurin, Natalya Vasilievna Agarkova, Aleksandra Sergeevna Skamarokhova e Anna Nikolaevna Gneush. "Application of feed additives obtained from fish roe and glycerin in trout diet". Agrarian Scientific Journal, n.º 4 (24 de abril de 2023): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp63-66.
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These studies were carried out in the Rostov region on the replacement and broodstock of amber trout in the second and fourth stages of maturity. The purpose of the work: to study the effect of newly developed feed additives from pond fish milt and glycerin on the performance of salmon fish. As part of achieving this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to analyze various proportions of pond fish milt and glycerin; carry out feeding of salmon fish from the second to the fourth stage of maturity; study the growth rates of fish. According to the scheme of the experiment, the first (control) group of fish received complete feed without additives. In the complete feed for the second experimental group, 2% glycerol was included by weight of the feed. The diet for trout of the third group included pond fish milt with glycerol 50 to 50% in the amount of 2.0% by weight of the feed. In the second stage of maturity, a significant increase in gross growth in the second and third groups by 13.5% and 14.4% (P<0.01) was found in relation to the control group. There was also a tendency to increase the length of the body in the experimental groups by 0.7 and 0.6 cm, respectively. The highest coefficient of fatness was in the group with 2% glycerol (6.97%). In the fourth stage of maturity, the trend towards a significant increase in gross growth continued. In the second experimental group, this indicator was higher than the control by 18.2% (P<0.01) and by 17.1% (P<0.01) in the third. The fatness coefficient in the control group was 1.74, in the second group it was significantly higher by 5.2% (P<0.01).
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Jihan Nadra Arifah e Zuliani Dalimunthe. "The Impact of Financial Literacy on the Investment Decision of Non-Donation-Based Crowdfunding in Indonesia". International Journal of Business and Society 21, n.º 3 (23 de abril de 2021): 1045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3310.2020.
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The present study investigates the heterogeneity of the financial literacy level between backers and nonbackers of non-donation-based crowdfunding in Indonesia and how the financial literacy relates to the country’s decision to invest through non-donation crowdfunding. We choose Indonesia for a case study because non-donation crowdfunding has become a new investment mode recently in this area. The study extends the analysis to the predictors of financial literacy and its impact on the investment decision of nondonation crowdfunding. The hypotheses are examined through binary logistic regression. The study’s findings are as follows. First, there is heterogeneity in the financial literacy level between backers and nonbackers. Second, the financial literacy level is found to be affected by residence, education, income, and stock market product ownership. Third, investors in crowdfunding have a tendency to be in the younger age group. Fourth, males have a higher tendency to invest in non-donation crowdfunding than females, despite the lack of difference in financial literacy between them. Fifth, individuals in the lowest income group are more likely to invest in non-donation crowdfunding than individuals with larger incomes.
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Squair, Camille, Kathryn Proudfoot, William Montelpare e Karen L. Overall. "Effects of Changing Veterinary Handling Techniques on Canine Behaviour and Physiology Part 1: Physiological Measurements". Animals 13, n.º 7 (4 de abril de 2023): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071253.
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Signs of distress in dogs are often normalized during routine veterinary care, creating an animal welfare concern. We sought to test whether targeted interventions during veterinary visits affect physiological indicators of stress in dogs. Some 28 dogs were examined within four visits across 8 weeks. All dogs received the same care during the first visit and were then randomized into control and intervention groups for visits 2–4. In the intervention group, 14 dogs underwent procedures designed to reduce stress and to enlist their collaboration during examination. The 14 dogs in the control group received routine care. At each visit, heart rate (HR), serum cortisol (CORT), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. A composite stress index based on the summed standardized scores for these markers was constructed. No differences in HR, NLR, and CK parameters between groups were found, and both groups had a decrease in CORT by visit four. However, the intervention group showed a greater overall decrease in CORT between the first and fourth visit than the control group (p < 0.04). The composite stress index differed between the first and fourth visits for the intervention group, but not for the control group (Intervention p = 0.03; Control p= 0.288). There was a tendency for the composite stress index to worsen at visit four vs. visit one for the control group. The findings suggest that dogs that participated in adaptive, collaborative exams and procedures designed to minimize fear had a greater reduction in stress over time compared to those receiving standard care.
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Aydın, Ali Dursun. "Longitudinal review of communication skills and empathic tendency levels among the students of the department of sports management". African Educational Research Journal 9, n.º 4 (10 de dezembro de 2021): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30918/aerj.94.21.148.
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This study aims to review communication skills and empathic tendency levels of the students who studied at the department of sports management in a longitudinal manner. The study was designed in a longitudinal survey model of quantitative study methods. The study group consisted of 122 students (52 female students, 70 male students) who attended the first grade of Sarıkamış Department of Sports Management, School of Physical Education and Sports, Kars Kafkas University in Turkey during the 2016-2017 academic year. To detect the differences, data collection tools were employed four times for the same students during the first grade of 2016-2017 academic year, the second grade of 2017-2018 academic year, the third grade of 2018-2019 academic year and the fourth grade of 2019-2020 academic year. As data collection tools, “The Communication Skills Scale” (CSS) developed by Korkut (1996) and Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) developed by Dökmen (1988) were used. The data were analyzed by using the Bonferroni post-hoc comparison test, independent t-test, analysis of one-way variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficients. The result found that both students’ communication skills and emphatic tendency levels were high, their 3rd grade communication skill scores were higher in terms of grade/time variable, their emphatic skill scores were higher in the 3rd and 4th grades, their scores of communication skills and emphatic tendency did not differ in terms of age and gender variables and a positive correlation existed between communication skills and emphatic tendency at all levels.
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Utaminingsih, Retno, e Muhammad Nizaar. "Pengaruh Metode Eksperimen terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Ditinjau dari Keaktifan Siswa". WACANA AKADEMIKA: Majalah Ilmiah Kependidikan 4, n.º 2 (21 de novembro de 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/wa.v4i2.8273.
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This research is descriptive aiming to find out the tendency of science learning outcomes and the activeness of fourth grade students of SD Negeri Banguntapan Bantul whose learning uses the experimental method and lecture method. Comparatively to find out the difference in science learning outcomes between learning using the experimental method and the lecture method in terms of the activeness of fourth grade students of SD Negeri Banguntapan, Bantul. The research method used quasi experiment with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research was conducted on the fourth grade students of SD Negeri Banguntapan, Bantul. Data collection techniques using test techniques, documentation techniques and questionnaire techniques. Data analysis techniques using anacova test after the analysis of the test requirements which include the test for the normality of the distribution, the homogeneity test of variance, and the linearity test. From the results of an anacova test it can be seen that the price of Fcount = 4.285 with p = 0.045 where p <0.05 so that it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the learning outcomes of science between those using the experimental method and the lecture method in terms of student activity. Because the average value of the class using the experimental method is higher than the average value of the class using the lecture method, so there is the influence of the experimental method on the science learning outcomes in terms of the activeness of the fourth grade students of SD Negeri Banguntapan, Bantul.
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Луценко, Mikhail Lutsenko, Гориков, Igor Gorikov, Андриевская e Irina Andrievskaya. "THE STATE OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN PAIRS “MOTHER-CHILD” AT INFLUENZA A(H3N2) IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY". Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration 1, n.º 61 (15 de setembro de 2016): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21456.
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At full-term pregnancy the level of anti-influenza antibodies in 126 pairs “mother-child” at influenza A(H3N2) in the first trimester of gestation was studied. The first group (comparison) was made of 40 pairs “mother-child” at pregnancy not complicated with acute respiratory virus infection, but with exacerbation of somatic diseases as well as moderate and severe somatic and obstetric pathology. The second group consisted of 43 pairs “mother-child” with influenza infection with antibody titer 1:4-1:16; the third group had 41 pairs “mother-child” with influenza А(Н3N2) with antibody titer 1:8-1:32; the fourth group had 42 pairs “mother-child” with influenza infection (antibody titers were 1:32-1:128) associated with the threat of miscarriage at early stages of gestation. It was found out that in the second group in 80% of cases mothers had higher titers of anti-virus antibodies in comparison with the titers of their children; in 12.5% of cases there were equal titers of antibodies in maternal and umbilical blood. In the second and the third groups unlike the first one there was a tendency to the decrease of a number of pairs that had higher titers of antibodies in mothers and there was an increase of pairs with equal titers of anti-virus antibodies. In the fourth group the number of pairs with domination of titers of anti-influenza antibodies increased till 28.6% in children in comparison with the titers in their mothers (in the second group it was in 4.7%, р<0.05), which suggested antenatal infecting of full term newborns.
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Barca, Francesco, Alessandro Santi, Pier Luigi Tartoni e Antonio Landi. "Gait Analysis of the Donor Foot in Microsurgical Reconstruction of the Thumb". Foot & Ankle International 16, n.º 4 (abril de 1995): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079501600406.
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Clinical and step evaluations by a piezoelectric system board were performed in 54 patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the thumb by great or second toe transfer. Forty-four patients were male and 10 were female. In 13 cases, the thumb was reconstructed by the Morrison wrap-around technique. In 27 cases, an extended variant of the Morrison technique was used in which the whole distal phalanx was harvested with skin and nail apparatus. Four patients were treated by great toe transfer and 10 were treated by second toe transfer. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 144 months. The group of patients treated by the wrap-around technique presented hallux rigidus in 38.5% of cases. The group of patients treated by the extended variant of the Morrison technique presented a lesser tendency to hallux rigidus but a clear reduction of the pushing phase of hallux. The group of patients treated by second toe transfer presented a third and fourth metatarsal bone overload that was confirmed by a statistical Wilcoxon test: overload was linked to a plantar hyperkeratosis at the third metatarsal (20%), fourth metatarsal (10%), or fifth metatarsal bone (20%). A claw deformity of the third and fourth toes was observed in 20% of these patients. The four patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the thumb by great toe transfer exhibited an overload of central and lateral metatarsal bones. Second toe transfer is not associated with the functional or cosmetic changes seen in great toe transfer and is therefore preferred. The cosmetic and functional results from extended great toe transfer make this a much less desirable transfer than the wrap-around or modified wrap-around technique. The transfer with the least donor site problem is second toe to thumb.
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Ananin, A. A., e I. A. Aiurzanaeva. "Dependence of floodplain birds’ dynamics on the spring flood height and duration in the middle Ob River". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 908, n.º 1 (1 de novembro de 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/908/1/012012.
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Abstract Inter-annual variations in the total number of birds in floodplains of rivers are mainly associated with their flooding. The minimum population density during the nesting period was in a year with high and prolonged spring floods. The restoration and maximum development of shrubs took place with a significant simultaneous increase in the abundance of birds in subsequent years. Drying and simplification of vegetation cover were noted in all floodplain bird habitats during low-water periods. This process was accompanied by a decline in the number of birds. We identified four groups of bird species according to the criterion of the relationship “abundance – level and duration of the flood”. In the first group of bird species, abundance increased during high floods (3 species). In the second group, the abundance decreased sharply during high and prolonged floods (7 species). In the third group, the level and duration of the spring flood did not affect the abundance (9 species). In the fourth group, a very weak tendency of the negative flood level impact on the abundance of birds was noted (6 species).
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Kara, Fazilet Barcın, e Bilge Kuşdemir Kayıran. "The effect of creative drama method in 4th grade primary school values education". Educational Research & Implementation 1, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2024): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/edure.2024.02.
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The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of creative drama method on the acquisition of "Responsibility", "Respect" and "Patience" values by fourth grade primary school students. The study was designed using the parallel mixed model, which is one of the mixed method designs. The study group of the research consists of primary school 4th grade students studying in a public school in the fall semester of 2018-2019 academic years. There were 42 students in the experimental group and 40 students in the control group. The research data were collected through the "Responsibility Scale", "Respect Tendency Scale", "Patient Behavior Scale", "Student and Teacher Diaries", "Teacher Interview Form" and "Personal Information Form". In addition, data were obtained with the "Word Association Test" to determine the conceptual change in values before and after the implementation. All in all, it has been established that the use of the creative drama method in values education is very effective in adopting values, embodying in-class learning, and encouraging the students to develop positive attitudes about the values discussed.
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Oktay, ErolÖzgür, Bahtiyar Demiralp, Burak Demiralp, Sevda Senel, Abdullah Cevdet Akman, Kenan Eratalay e Hakan Akıncıbay. "Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Chitosan Combination on Bone Regeneration in Experimental Rabbit Cranial Defects". Journal of Oral Implantology 36, n.º 3 (1 de junho de 2010): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00023.
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Abstract This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of chitosan sponge and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel alone as well as their combination on bone regeneration in rabbit cranial defects. Four cranial defects with a 4.5-mm diameter were created in rabbit cranium and grafted with PRP, chitosan sponge alone, and chitosan sponge incorporated with PRP. The rabbits were killed by the fourth and eighth weeks, and the defects were analyzed histologically. Higher bone formation was observed in the PRP group when compared with the other groups at weeks 4 and 8. All parts of the defects were filled with thick trabecular new bone in the PRP group. The amount of new bone formation in the control groups was found to be less when compared with the PRP group and the least in the chitosan group. The defects that were filled with chitosan sponge showed a limited amount of new bone formation and an obvious fibrous demarcation line between chitosan particles and bone. Application of PRP showed a histological tendency toward increased bone formation. Other forms or derivatives of chitosan may have beneficial effects to achieve new bone regeneration.
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Gheller, Larissa S., Mellory M. Martins, Thiago H. Silva, Gustavo Freu, Márcia S. V. Salles, Luiz C. R. Júnior, Weber V. B. Soares e Arlindo S. Netto. "The Performance and Metabolism of Dairy Cows Receiving an Ultra-Diluted Complex in the Diet during the Transition Period and Early Lactation". Animals 13, n.º 20 (19 de outubro de 2023): 3261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13203261.
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This study evaluated the effects of feeding an ultra-diluted complex to dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation. Thirty multiparous pregnant dairy cows were blocked and randomly assigned to either a placebo control (CON) group or ultra-diluted complex (UD) group. The CON group received a placebo (basal diet + 40 g/cow/day of expanded silicate), while the UD group received the ultra-diluted complex (basal diet + 40 g/cow/day of PeriParto Transição–RealH, composed of ultra-diluted substances + vehicle: expanded silicate). Cows were evaluated from 30 days before the expected calving date until 60 days in milk (DIM) for sample and data collection. Post-partum dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by the treatment. Cows fed UD had higher DMI relative to BW. Feeding UD increased milk lactose content and decreased milk protein content. Cows fed UD had lower somatic cell counts in the third and fourth week of lactation. Cows fed UD showed a tendency for higher liver health index. Using UD during the transition period and early lactation may benefit liver and udder health of dairy cows with no detrimental effect on milk performance.
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Baraliuc, I., V. Manolachi, A. Polevaia-Secareanu e A. Cotorcea. "Particularities of Initial Selection of Primary School Age Sambo Wrestlers Based on the Study of Psychomotor Abilities". Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, n.º 1 (26 de fevereiro de 2021): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.01.345.
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The purpose of the study was to identify the particularities of psychomotor abilities in 8-9 years old sambo athletes in the process of initial sport selection. Material and methods. The research presents an algorithm of the leading factors of the step-by-step selection of 165 8-9-year-old pupils for sambo wrestling. The first stage of selection was a thorough checkup, which determined that more than 50 % of the total number of pupils had disturbance of morphology and functionality of different body systems, there remained 68 examinees. At the third stage of selection the identification of intellectual abilities showed that only 73.53 % of pupils out of 68 (i.e. 50 pupils) had an average level of attention stability. According to the appreciation of psychomotor abilities of pupils we identified a decrease on the examinees number with 20 % out of 50 pupils. At the special stage of selection 17.5 % of 8-9 years old pupils, in 70 % of cases (i.e. for the majority of tests) failed to execute the requirements for motor abilities and coordination capacity. The basic experiment was elaborated and realized on the basis of an yearlong pedagogical experiment for which we organized two experimental study groups of sambo wrestlers in their first year of sport training: control group, that included 15 pupils that did not undergo any special selection, and the experimental group, consisting of 15 8-9 years old pupils that were specially selected. We created identical conditions for the learning and training process throughout a year for both groups. However, only in the experimental group we included the experimental methodology of sport diagnostics that contained a complex of scientifically based criteria and conditions. Results and discussion. During the experiment we identified the indices of “timely” reaction of the sambo wrestlers in the control group which improved only by 6 %, compared to the experimental group (57% more compared to the indices at the beginning of the experiment). It presented the dynamics of the tapping test of the sambo wrestlers in the control and experimental groups, from the first to the fourth period. The dynamics showed the local tiredness of the nervous and muscular system of the body, caused by the depression of their brain motor centers, which increased in both groups, but had a visible tendency of aggravation to the fourth period in the control group (from the first to the fourth period – within the limits of 62.80 %) compared to the experimental group, where the speed of elementary movements of children in the tapping test decreased inconclusively in every time period. Thus, at the end of the second period the results of the experimental group decreased by 11.25 %, to the end of the third period they lowered by 36.62 %, to the end of the fourth period they decreased by 15.55 % of the data of the previous period, which in conclusion comprised the decrease from the first to the fourth period up to 63.42 %. Conclusion. Thus, the veridically relevant situation of psychomotor development in the experimental group of sambo wrestlers, in our opinion, became possible due to their preliminary readiness (selection results) and the active experimental training action on them
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Perez, M. M., M. R. Trimble, N. M. F. Murray e I. Reider. "Epileptic Psychosis: An Evaluation of PSE Profiles". British Journal of Psychiatry 146, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 1985): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.146.2.155.
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SummaryData are presented on 24 patients with epilepsy and psychosis whose clinical presentation was rated using the Present State Examination (PSE). Seventeen had complex partial seizures and a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy, seven had generalised epilepsy. An association between a CATEGO category of nuclear schizophrenia (NS) and a lesion of the left side was noted. No clear link between depressive symptoms and a right-sided focus was discovered. Affective disorders were noted in both groups of epileptic patients, although paranoid psychoses were commoner in the temporal lobe group. There was also a tendency for the latter to have more delusions of persecution, ideas of reference, and special features of depression. The group rated as NS appear less likely to show evidence of intellectual deterioration than the other psychotic patients; in addition, the interval between the onset of their epilepsy and the onset of their psychosis is shorter. Radiological assessment by CAT reveals few differences between groups, but the psychotic samples do show higher than expected values on a number of variables, in particular the bilateral septum-caudate distance and the size of the third and fourth ventricle.
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Ozhohan, Yu. "The study of the psychological status at patients with teeth discoloration". SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 112, n.º 5-6 (2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2022-5-6-8.
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Resume. At modern dentistry, the issue of tooth color is extremely important, as a beautiful smile is an indicator of health and well-being. The increase in the number of patients who seek dental care with a request to improve their appearance, forced dentists to pay more attention to aesthetics, as well as the importance of a smile for the aesthetics of the face is widely known in a society. A beautiful smile is an extremely important element for perception and communication with other people, it reflects a certain way and style of life, health, and a state of mental balance. Today, in aesthetic dentistry there are many methods of improving the color of teeth among which tooth whitening is one of them. The purpose of the research: to study the specifics of the effect of tooth color change on the psychological state of patients before and after whitening procedure. Materials and methods. In the course of the study, we have examined 140 patients with discoloration of the teeth hard tissues, including those one with color changes after previous endodontic treatment, aged from 18 to 49 years (76 women and 64 men) and who were divided into 5 groups. The first group – patients with discoloration of the hard tissues of the teeth, who will be treated only with the help of the professional oral hygiene (30 people). The second group – patients with discoloration of the teeth hard tissues, who will undergo this with the help of removing dental deposits, using the home whitening system «Opalescence» which is based on hydrogen peroxide (30 people). The third group – patients with a change in the color of the hard tissues of the teeth, who will undergo color correction using the removal of dental deposits and the method of teeth whitening which is based on application of the sodium chloride products (Rapid white whitening system) (30 people). The fourth group – patients with discoloration of the hard dental tissues, who will undergo color correction by removing dental deposits, with the usage of an Air Flow technique and professional whitening system «Beyond» that is supplemented with remineralization therapy (30 people). The fifth group – patients with a change in the color of the teeth hard tissues, who are motivated by failure and who refused the teeth whitening procedure (20 people). Special attention is being paid to psychological tests at our research. We assessed the correspondence between the patients’ desire for aesthetic treatment and the indications for its implementation, using the developed by us card «Assessment of the patient's dental status by the doctor and the patient». The essence of this technique arises from the fact that there are two questionnaires, one of which is filled out by the patient and the other one by the dentist. In order to determine motivation for success or fear of failure, a special questionnaire was used, which consists of 20 questions according to which every patient must answer «yes» or «no». The results are processed according to the survey key. If the result is from 1 to 10 points, failure motivation prevails, 11–20 points – success motivation. Also, to assess the truthfulness of patients’ statements in the questionnaires, we have included the so-called scales of lying or the desire for approval according to D. Marlow and D. Crown. This test allows you to assess the desire to receive the approval of others regarding your words and actions, and in our study, the approval of the people around you regarding the aesthetics of a smile. High approval motivation indicates a high need for communication and vice versa. We performed the examination and diagnosis of tooth discoloration according to the following protocol. Firstly, a psychological test was conducted, then an anamnesis was collected, determining the cause of the teeth discoloration. Indications and contraindications for whitening were also determined. All our patients underwent general clinical examination methods, X-ray examination, assessment of the state of individual oral hygiene: determination of the oral hygiene index (OHI-S), determination of the simplified plaque index on the contact (proximal) surfaces of the teeth (API) and the periodontal index (PI). We have also used statistical methods. Results. As a result, we have found that 14 patients were motivated to succeed in effective teeth whitening among patients of the 1st group who only underwent professional oral hygiene. However, there was a tendency towards successful motivation at 5 patients, and a tendency towards unsuccessful bleaching was found at 8 patients. It should be noted that motivation for failure was established at 3 patients. At patients of the II group, for whom was performed whitening at home, motivation for success was established at 21 patients and was significantly higher than this indicator among patients of the first group. A tendency towards successful motivation was revealed at 7 patients and at 2 patients – a tendency towards failure motivation. In the III group, we found motivation for successful teeth whitening at 20 patients, motivation for success at 7 patients and motivation for failure at 3 patients. At the IV group of patients, we did not establish a motivational tendency for unsuccessful teeth whitening, 25 patients had motivation for success and 5 patients had a motivational tendency for successful whitening. Hence, the best results were obtained by us in the group of patients who underwent whitening procedure according to the proposed method. Also, unsatisfactory oral hygiene was noted at patients of all groups during the initial clinical examination. This is also confirmed by the data of the index assessment: the ONIS hygienic index was unsatisfactory and averaged – 2.1±0.20 points. In particular, at the I group of patients it was 1.9±0.3 points, at the II group – 2.15±0.4, at the III group – 2.23±0.4 and at the IV group – 2.1±0.4 points. However, after treatment, the ONI-S hygienic index improved significantly at all groups and amounted to 0.5±0.06 points at the first group, 0.4±0.09 points at the second group, 0.55±0.08 points at the third group and at the fourth group it was the best one and amounted to – 0.3±0.05 points. The obtained data of the clinical study at our patients after teeth whitening procedure revealed stable level of achievement motivation and approval indicators. The distribution of patients by type of motivation remained the same as before the teeth whitening procedure. Conclusions. We have established that the primary task of the dentist will be to pay attention and tell our patients in detail about the tooth whitening procedure and possible side effects during and after this procedure. Patients who have an approval motivation need to be encouraged and emphasize their personal significance. The highest rates of motivation for successful teeth whitening (100 %) were obtained among patients of the fourth group for whom professional treatment was performed, including the removal of dental deposits, application of the Air Flow technique and professional teeth whitening with the help of the «Beyond» system supplemented with the remineralization therapy. However, as expected, the lowest indicators of motivation for teeth whitening were obtained at the 1st group of patients (63.4 %) and at the same time the highest indicators of motivation for failure – 10 %. Key words: teeth hard tissues, discolored teeth, professional teeth whitening, motivation for success.
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Faridaman, Amidah, Djunaidi Djunaidi e Marleni Marleni. "THE INFLUENCE OF TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING (TBLT) ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS IN SD NEGERI 201 PALEMBANG". Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme 7, n.º 1 (5 de janeiro de 2024): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/esteem.v7i1.14069.
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This research aims to evaluate the impact of implementing the Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) model on the achievement of English language learning for grade IV students at SD Negeri 201 Palembang. The background to this research arises from the tendency for the learning process to be teacher-centered (one way or conventional), causing low student interest and resulting in unsatisfactory learning outcomes in class IV SD Negeri 201 Palembang. The research method used is quantitative with Quasi Experimental Design and Non-equivalent Control Group Design. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique on 35 class IV students at SD Negeri 201 Palembang. The results of the t-test (Independent Sample t-test) show a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.001 < 0.005, so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the application of the Task-Based Language Teaching learning model has a significant effect on the English learning outcomes of class IV students at SD Negeri 201 Palembang.
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Zheng, Weipeng, Fangtian Xu, Haoyi Chen, Ning Wang, Wende Xiao, YingJie Liang e Shifeng Wen. "Time course of diffusion tensor imaging metrics in the chronic spinal cord compression rat model". Acta Radiologica 60, n.º 5 (24 de agosto de 2018): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118795335.
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Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides information about water molecule diffusion in spinal cord. Purpose This study was aimed to investigate DTI changes in the different stages of compressive spinal cord induced by water-absorbing material implantation. Material and Methods The spinal cord compression was administered over the fourth cervical vertebral level in rat. Rat models were divided into five subgroups according to compression stages: sham group, group A: three-day compression rat models; group B: 12-day compression rat models; group C: 20-day compression rat models; group D: 60-day compression rat models. DTI including fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the compressive spinal cord were collected. The relationship between the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores and DTI metrics was further explored. Results Compared with the sham group, BBB scoring of rat model showed a decreased tendency from group A ( P < 0.05) to group B ( P < 0.05). Then the motor function of rat model hindlimbs was recovered in some degree from group C ( P < 0.05) to group D ( P < 0.05) but had significant motor defects when compared with the normal level ( P < 0.05). The DTI metrics results revealed that chronic spinal cord compression resulted in lower FA value and higher ADC value at the compressive spinal cord level assessed at all four time-points ( P < 0.05). DTI metrics also showed a close correlation with motor function ( P < 0.05). Conclusion DTI is an optimal pre-clinical imaging tool to reflect locomotor performance and pathological status of compressive spinal cord epicenter in chronic spinal cord compression rat model.
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Assink, Peter, Serge Wich e Romy Steenbeek. "TENURE RELATED CHANGES IN WILD THOMAS'S LANGURS II: LOUD CALLS". Behaviour 136, n.º 5 (1999): 627–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999501496.
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AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how the number and context of male loud calls of Thomas's langurs (Presbytis thomasi) change over a male's tenure, in relation to changes in the intensity of male mate competition and relative male strength. We also investigate how the calls' impact on the behavior of receivers varies over tenure phases. Thomas's langurs live in one-male multi-female groups; only males produce loud calls; both males and females disperse from their natal groups; female secondary dispersal is also common, and infanticide occurs. The life-span of a group is, as a rule, restricted to the tenure of its reproductive male (median tenure length is 72 months). Male tenure in bisexual groups was divided into three phases: the early phase (no infants yet), the stable middle phase, and the late phase (last year). Because AMBs remained after all females had left a male, they were treated as a fourth phase. We hypothesised that the tendency to answer another male's calls decreases with distance because a male will invest less when answering becomes less relevant. The tendency to respond to a loud call by an extra-group male indeed decreased with distance, which suggests that males invested less in (costly) calling behavior when the chance of an interaction with that male was low. Extra-group males seemed to recognise males of new groups: they did not discriminate between medium and far distances in answering calls from (relatively unfamiliar) early tenure males. We further hypothesised that an increase in male mate competition would result in more call bouts per day and a higher tendency to answer calls, which was not found. Males with a relatively low strength were expected to keep signalling their presence, but because this low strength includes a higher risk for females and infants, we expected females to avoid loud calling extra-group males. Males with a declining strength continued to signal their presence, as was expected, but they did reduce participation in dawn call bouts, which might be a particularly sensitive measure of their decreased strength. Extra-group males answered calls by males during their late tenure phase more often at medium and far distances, which shows that males recognised calls from late tenure males. Females' avoidance of calling extra-group males remained constant during the early and middle phase but increased during the late tenure phase, as was expected. AMB males clearly avoided males from bisexual groups: they never participated in dawn call bouts, they rarely started or answered calls and they travelled away from calling males. AMB males only answered a call bout in the case of a betweengroup conflict, when their position was already known. Hence, in Thomas's langurs, loud call behavior influenced male mate competition, and it varied in relation to changes in relative male strength.
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Elena V., Dontsova, Ivanova Irina I., Novikova Lyubov A., Dontsov Vladimir G., Borzunova Larisa N. e Koroleva Tatyana V. "Changes in immunological parameters when using a combined physiotherapy method in complex treatment of atopic dermatitis in children". Человек и его здоровье 25, n.º 1 (2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21626/vestnik/2022-1/02.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in immunological parameters in children with atopic dermatitis when using hydrotherapy, non-selective chromotherapy, and intravenous laser irradiation of blood against the background of basic drug therapy. Materials and methods. The work was performed with the participation of 164 patients with moderate lichenoid and erythematous-squamous forms of atopic dermatitis aged 4 to 15 years with a frequency of exacerbations from 3 to 4 times a year with a tendency to increase their duration. The patients were divided into 5 groups: the first group received basic drug therapy (BDT), the second - hydrotherapy and BDT, the third - non-selective chromotherapy and BDT, the fourth - low-intensity laser irradiation of blood and BDT, the fifth - hydrotherapy, non-selective chromotherapy, low-intensity laser irradiation of blood and BDT. The content of total IgE, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-18 and TNF-α in the blood serum of patients was determined by enzyme immunoassay before treatment, as well as 1 and 3 months after its start. Results. Before the start of treatment, the values of all the studied indicators in comparison with healthy individuals were significantly increased (by 2.1-3.1 times). In patients of the first and second groups, the level of IgE and cytokines did not change significantly after 1 and 3 months from the start of treatment in comparison with the indicators before the start of treatment. In the third group, after 1 month from the start of treatment, the group experienced a significant (by 11-20%) decrease in IgE and cytokine levels, which persisted after 3 months of follow-up. In the fourth group, the decrease in the studied indicators after 1 month was even more significant and did not change significantly. The greatest decrease in indicators after 1 and 3 months was observed in the fifth group of patients (by 40-62%) who received basic drug therapy in combination with hydrotherapy, non-selective chromotherapy and intravenous laser irradiation of blood. Conclusion. In children with moderate atopic dermatitis, drug-based basic treatment combined with non-selective chromotherapy and intravenous laser irradiation of blood contributes to the effective correction of immunological reactivity for a long period of time.
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Zhilochkina, T. Iv, e T. P. Dunyashev. "Changes in the indicators of the intestinal normoflora of broiler chickens when L–asparaginates and Phytases are added to the feed". Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, n.º 2 (28 de julho de 2023): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2023.2.146.
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In 2021, in the vivarium of the FNC "VNITIP" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an experiment was conducted on 4 groups of broiler chickens of the SGC "Smena 8" breeding with the use of a mineral supplement in the form of Lasparaginates in the amount of 7.5% of the accepted norms, both with and without phytase. As a result, it was found that Lasparaginates and microbial phytase contributed to the enhancement of biological activity, providing better assimilation of metals. With a low proportion of lactobacilli in the intestinal flora of broiler chickens of all groups, there was a tendency to increase them in the fourth group of birds that received 7.5% of L-asparaginates from the accepted norms in combination with phytase in the diet.phytase in the diet. Among the cellulolytic bacteria in the intestinal microbiome, the highest rates were found in the first and third groups of broilers that received both an inorganic form of mineral supplement in the form of premixes (the first group) and organic, in the form of L-asparaginates in combination with phytase (the third group), which compensated for the low proportion of lactobacilli in the intestines of birds of these groups. The obtained results testified to the positive effect of the studied mineral supplement and phytase on the safety indicators, the live weight of broiler chickens and the microflora of their intestines.
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Kalinin, R. E., I. A. Suchkov, A. S. Pshennikov e A. A. Nikiforov. "Pharmacological correction of endothelium functional state in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral artery occlusive disease". Kazan medical journal 94, n.º 2 (15 de abril de 2013): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1584.
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Aim. To evaluate the effects of medications of different pharmacological groups on endothelial cells in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral artery occlusive disease. Methods. The study included 116 patients with atherosclerotic peripheral artery occlusive disease. Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the taken drug (first group - 29 patients receiving L-arginine; second group - 30 patients, perindopril; third group - 28 patients, losartan; fourth group - 29 patients, nebivolol). Levels of the main biochemical markers reflecting the endothelium functional state were evaluated in all patients on admission to the hospital and 1, 3, and 6 months after the beginning of treatment. Results. All studied drugs stimulated nitric oxide (II) release (р 0.05). The highest increase of nitric oxide (II) level was found in patients receiving nebivolol and losartan. Levels of endothelin-1 tended to decrease in all patients. Superoxide dismutase level change was different both by number and trend in different groups; however, by the 6th month its level has lined up in all of the study groups. Lipid peroxidation parameters variation showed the same tendency as superoxide dismutase level variation. No significant changes in ankle-brachial index were found (р 0.05). Treadmill test showed a statistically significant improvement of pain-free walking distance by approximately 25-30% by the 3rd month of treatment (р 0.05). Conclusion. The studied medications influence endothelial cells and correct the endothelial cells functional state, reflected by change of all biochemical markers levels.
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Nikolaou, Vasileios S., Panagiotis Masouros, Themistoklis Floros, Efstathios Chronopoulos, Maria Skertsou e George C. Babis. "Single dose of tranexamic acid effectively reduces blood loss and transfusion rates in elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial". Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2021): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b3.bjj-2020-1288.r1.
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Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that a single dose of tranexamic acid (TXA) would reduce blood loss and transfusion rates in elderly patients undergoing surgery for a subcapital or intertrochanteric (IT) fracture of the hip. Methods In this single-centre, randomized controlled trial, elderly patients undergoing surgery for a hip fracture, either hemiarthroplasty for a subcapital fracture or intramedullary nailing for an IT fracture, were screened for inclusion. Patients were randomly allocated to a study group using a sealed envelope. The TXA group consisted of 77 patients, (35 with a subcapital fracture and 42 with an IT fracture), and the control group consisted of 88 patients (29 with a subcapital fracture and 59 with an IT fracture). One dose of 15 mg/kg of intravenous (IV) TXA diluted in 100 ml normal saline (NS,) or one dose of IV placebo 100 ml NS were administered before the incision was made. The haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was measured before surgery and daily until the fourth postoperative day. The primary outcomes were the total blood loss and the rate of transfusion from the time of surgery to the fourth postoperative day. Results Homogeneity with respect to baseline characteristics was ensured between groups. The mean total blood loss was significantly lower in patients who received TXA (902.4 ml (-279.9 to 2,156.9) vs 1,226.3 ml (-269.7 to 3,429.7); p = 0.003), while the likelihood of requiring a transfusion of at least one unit of red blood cells was reduced by 22%. Subgroup analysis showed that these differences were larger in patients who had an IT fracture compared with those who had a subcapital fracture. Conclusion Elderly patients who undergo intramedullary nailing for an IT fracture can benefit from a single dose of 15 mg/kg TXA before the onset of surgery. A similar tendency was identified in patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty for a subcapital fracture but not to a statistically significant level. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):442–448.
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ALI, I., S. ZULQARNAIN, S. RASHEED, A. HUSSAIN e I. SAEED. "EFFECT OF LEAD ACETATE TOXICITY ON THE HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN LIVER AND KIDNEY OF FISH ROHU (LABEO ROHITA)". Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 2024, n.º 1 (30 de maio de 2024): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.884.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the histological alterations in the kidneys and liver of the fish known as Rohu (Labeo rohita). For seven days, 100 L. rohita fingerlings were kept in a glass aquarium to acclimate. The fingerlings were split into four groups, with 25 fingerlings in each group. Lead acetate was created in four concentrations: Nil; 1/5th LC50 (6.86 ppm); 1/10th LC50 (3.43 ppm); and 1/20th LC50 of 1.71 ppm. These concentrations were then randomly assigned to 4 groups: 1; (control); 2; 3 and 4 in that order. After 10, 20, 30, and 40-days fillets were dissected and the Liver and kidney were separated for histopathology analysis. The major histopathological changes observed in the liver were melano-macrophage canters, leukocyte infiltration, cytoplasmic degeneration, and pyknosis, while the changes in the kidney were renal tubule atrophy, aggregation of inflammatory cells, loss of cellular integrity, renal tubule degeneration, uneven renal tubule diameters, and few necrotic regions. The fingerlings in G-2, which received a higher dose of lead acetate during the fourth week of the research, had the most lesions. As the concentration of lead acetate dropped during this time, as it did in the fingerlings of G-3 and G-4, fewer lesions were observed in the liver and kidneys. However, compared to the fourth week of the trial, fewer lesions were seen in the kidneys and liver in the first, second, and third weeks. The fingerlings' protein and moisture contents demonstrated a declining tendency as compared to the group-1 (control) (1.75 vs. 2.20), and the differences in the protein contents were not statistically significant (P<0.05). In a similar vein, the liver and kidneys' moisture contents trended downward when compared to the control group. Overall, the study's findings showed that greater concentrations of lead acetate had a negative impact on the kidneys and liver of the fish Rohu; as a result, it is important to limit fish exposure to this chemical in order to maintain the fishes' overall health.
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Singh, Mohita, Jyoti Sethi, Meenakshi Garg, Parul Singh e Utkarsh Sethi. "Preliminary screening for orthorexia nervosa in undergraduate student population of north India using ORTO-15 questionnaire". Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health 7, n.º 2 (15 de novembro de 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jpmhh.2021.016.
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Orthorexia is a term used for “obsession for healthy and proper nutrition”. ON is a recently identified disorder and prevalence studies are mainly limited to Eurasian and Scandanavian countries. There is a paucity of literature currently available for Asian population and more specifically for the Indian population. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in Indian population. To estimate the prevalence of ON in young North Indian population and to highlight its characteristics. The study population consisted of 448 young students (males=173, females=275). The ORTO-15 questionnaire developed by Donini et al. was used to determine the prevalence. Subjects who scored below 40 were classified as having ON. : Mean score of the participants in the ORTO-15 was using a 40 point threshold. A total of three fourth of the young students in the study group exhibited orthorexic tendency. High prevalence of ON in young students necessitates that Orthorexia Nervosa trends in general population be assessed in Indian subcontinent for better understanding of eating disorders and its interplay with socio-cultural diversities.
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Bradley-Fulgoni, Peter. "Beethoven's new order". Architectural Research Quarterly 14, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2010): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135511000236.
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The facts of thematic life are that every manifestation of a theme tends to divide into two parts. This is irrespective of whatever tonality is employed. In the West, even the simplest diatonic melody (that is one which we perceive to be in a tonality derived from major and minor scales) does this. For example there is a ‘natural’ tendency to gravitate between one note (the tonic) and another note a fifth higher or a fourth lower (the dominant); but such a modulation is not necessary to qualify part of a theme as a different phrase in the musical sentence; there may simply be a moment where the music pauses, reaching a recognisable point before moving to another independent fragment. Moreover, in sophisticated examples of bipartite form, such as the sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti, the duality is engendered not so much by a single theme as by an ensemble of aspects to the initial material, which in their turn form a group by themselves - a section - and where the borders between such sections are not always clearly definable.
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Yang, Shiping, Yuanzhi Wu, Yucong Huang, Shaohong Ma, Guangben Wei, Jichang Jian e Shuanghu Cai. "Construction and Evaluation of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing the vscO Gene as a Safe Live Oral Vaccine against Vibrio alginolyticus". Aquaculture Research 2023 (7 de fevereiro de 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7226451.
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Vibrio alginolyticus is responsible for significant economic losses in the fish industry. It is urgent to develop a vaccine against V. alginolyticus. In this study, a recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing the VscO protein of V. alginolyticus (Lc-pMG36e-vscO) is constructed. The Lc-pMG36e-vscO has good hereditary stability. The immune responses in pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀) × E. lanceolatu (♂)) vaccinated with Lc-pMG36e-vscO are evaluated. The titers of specific antibody in the immunized grouper displayed an upward and then downward tendency during the total experiments and reached the peak value of 9.6 at the fourth week after booster immunization. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-16, TNF-α, and MHC-1α gene in the Lc-pMG36e-vscO group were significantly upregulated after vaccination, indicating that the Lc-pMG36e-vscO could induce an effective and durable immune response. In vivo challenge of the Lc-pMG36e-vscO-immunized fish with V. alginolyticus showed a relative survival percentage of 68%. These results indicated that Lc-pMG36e-vscO could be promising as a candidate oral vaccine against V. alginolyticus.
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Zybleva, S. V., e S. L. Zyblev. "Research of subpopulation CD3+ CD4- CD8- double-negative T lymphocytes in kidney transplant recipients". Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 12, n.º 1 (18 de março de 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2020-12-1-20-27.
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Introduction. CD3+CD4- CD8- cells represent one of the subpopulations of T-regulatory lymphocytes. According to literature reports, an increase in the content of graft-infiltrating CD3+CD4- CD8- T cells was detected in the heart xenograft tissues of an experimental model with a long-term graft survival. The efficacy of CD3+CD4- CD8- infusion to induce skin graft tolerance was described. Some studies have shown that a decrease in CD3+CD4- CD8- content in peripheral blood of patients undergoing to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was associated with the development of a graft-versus-host reaction.Objectives. To study changes in the values of CD3+CD4- CD8- double-negative T lymphocytes in peripheral blood in kidney transplant recipients.Material and methods. The study included 165 recipients who underwent kidney transplantation. The creatinine and urea concentrations in blood were determined before surgery, on day 7, and day 360 after transplantation. The content of CD3+CD4- CD8- lymphocytes was studied before surgery, on the 3rd, 7th, 30th, 90th, 180th and 360th days after surgery. Early graft function was assessed on day 7 after transplantation. The function was defined as a primary one at creatinine levels below 300 μmol/L. The graft dysfunction was defined as creatinine values equal to or greater than 300 μmol/L and the need for dialysis in the first week after surgery. The satisfactory graft function after a year was characterized by the blood creatinine level below 150 μmol/L, absent episodes of graft rejection, and no need for dialysis in the first year of follow-up. There were 4 groups of recipients formed. The first group included patients with the primary graft function and satisfactory late graft function. The second group included patients with the primary function and late graft dysfunction. The third group included patients with the primary dysfunction and late satisfactory function. The fourth group included patients with the primary and late graft dysfunction.Results. In the first and second groups, there were no significant differences in the blood level of CD3+CD4- CD8- during the year. After a year, a significant CD3+CD4- CD8- decrease was noted in the group with late graft dysfunction. A similar tendency was revealed in the third and fourth groups. In the fourth group (with late graft dysfunction), the level of CD3+CD4- CD8- was significantly lower only after a year of observation compared with the levels in the third group. A negative correlation was noted between the CD3+CD4- CD8- values and the creatinine and urea levels. Thus, high CD3+CD4- CD8- values in kidney transplant recipients after a year were associated with a satisfactory graft function.Conclusions. 1. A stable 1-year satisfactory kidney graft function is characterized by an increase in the blood level of CD3+CD4- CD8- T lymphocytes. 2. A kidney graft dysfunction in the late post-transplant period is characterized by a decrease in the blood level of CD3+CD4- CD8- T lymphocytes.Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Haider, Martin. "Electrifying Times: restructuring and decision-making in an automobile concern in the 21st century – The case of BMW Group". Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 69, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2020): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.69.2.3.
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The aim of this paper is to capture the changed location decision-making processes and location factors of the automotive industry, resulting from the current challenges brought by electro mobility. From the Taylorist assembly-line production system in the “Fordism” era to the just-in-time focused manufacturing of the Japanese carmakers during “post-Fordism” and at the turn of the millennium with global production and new technologies in the digital age, location analysis has changed massively over time. The same is to be expected for the fourth revolution in the industry. For this reason, the decision-making process of a major German car manufacturer is analysed in a field study conducted over a two-year period. Based on this, a decision process that takes the new framework conditions into account is modelled. The relevant location factors are then examined in a survey of the relevant departments in the BMW Group. Due to the changed production requirements in the course of the electrification, the uncertainty in the technological change and the unstable political trading conditions, the factors: network suitability, risk exposure, optimal sunk cost usage and sustainability play central roles. Before the latest economic crisis, the industry was focused on exploiting opportunities and expanding the production network. This tendency now seems to be transformed by a volatile technological future and by cost pressure. This means that ‘sustainability’ is increasingly important in automobile industry decision-making, but in specific ways.
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Sirenko, Y. M., O. L. Rekovets e O. O. Torbas. "Comparison of the effects of spironolactone and moxonidine as the fourth component of the resistant hypertension therapy on the arterial stiffness". Ukrainian Therapeutical Journal, n.º 1—2 (30 de junho de 2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/utj2022-1-16.
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Objective — to compare effects of spironolactone and moxonidine as the fourth component of the treatment of resistant hypertension (RT) on the stiffness of the main arteries.
Materials and methods. We retrospectively selected 60 patients with resistant hypertension from the database of secondary and pulmonary hypertension, treated on the basis of M. D. Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology. From them, thirty patients who received spironolactone as the fourth component to the combination of three antihypertensive drugs after not reaching the target blood pressure (BP) level, were included in group C. The rest 30 patients who received moxonidine were assigned to group M. Patients with secondary hypertension were excluded from this study. In group C, the initial spironolactone dose was 25 mg per day, and it was increased up to 50 mg per day in 6 patients. In group M, the initial moxonidine dose was 0.2 mg twice daily, it was increased up to 0.4 mg twice daily in 16 patients and up to 0.6 mg twice daily in 3 patients. Patients in both groups were administered three‑component antihypertensive therapy with maximum doses in one tablet (renin‑angiotensin system blocker + calcium antagonist + diuretic). The degree of arterial stiffness was assessed by cardio‑ancle vascular index (CAVI).
Results. During 12 months of follow‑up, spironolactone was discontinued in 3 (10 %) patients due to the development of side effects: 1 case of gynecomastia, 1 case of hyperkalemia and one case of severe diarrhea. In group M, drug withdrawal was registered in 4 patients (13 %, the difference with group C — not significant): 2 cases of severe drowsiness, 1 case of nausea with vomiting and 1 case — dizziness without hypotension. Therefore, 27 patients from group C and 26 patients from group M were included in the final data analysis. In group C, the values of office SBP significantly decreased from 149.3 ± 6.5 to 127.4 ± 5.5 after 3 months and 124.3 ± 4.3 mm Hg after 12 months (p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the value of SBP in group M for 3 months was significant, but the degree of its reduction was slightly less than in group C: from 148.9 ± 7.5 to 132.5 ± 6.2 mm Hg (p < 0.05), and after 12 months — 124.3 ± 4.3 mm Hg (p < 0.001 with the initial level, and the difference between the groups is not significant). The values of DBP in group C significantly decreased from 88.8 ± 5.4 mm Hg to 75.1 ± 5.6 mm Hg at the stage of 3 months (p < 0.05), and up to 72.1 ± 4.7 mm Hg after 12 months (p < 0.001 compared to baseline). In group M at the stage of 3 months reduction of DBP from 89.1 ± 4.1 to 83.1 ± 5.1 mm Hg after 3 months (p < 0.05), and after 12 months to 73.2 ± 8.9 mm Hg (p < 0.001 compared to baseline, the difference between groups is not significant). CAVI did not change significantly in group M, with values on the right 9.4 ± 1.1 at baseline and 9.3 ± 1.3 after 12 months (p > 0.05) and on the left — 9.2 ± 1.6 and 9, 3 ± 1.6 (p > 0.05). However, the CAVI value after 12 months significantly decreased in group C from 9.5 ± 1.2 at baseline to 8.6 ± 1.2 after 12 months (p < 0.05) on the right and from 9.4 ± 1.1 to 8.7 ± 1.2 (p < 0.05), respectively, on the left in group C. In group C, LVMI decreased by 11 %: from 112.2 ± 8.4 to 101.4 ± 7.8 g/m2 (p < 0.05), while in group M we observed a tendency to reduce LVMI by 6 %, from 113.5 ± 7.7 to 107.2 ± 6.5 g/m2 (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. Treatment with spironolactone, used as the fourth component of resistant hypertension therapy, significantly reduced the arteries stiffness as evidenced by the CAVI index, and promoted a significant regression of left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Perrone, M. A., F. G. Viola, M. Minieri, S. Caporali, A. Copponi, G. Sancesario, S. Angeletti et al. "The Von Willebrand Factor Antigen Plasma Concentration: a Monitoring Marker in the Treatment of Aortic and Mitral Valve Diseases". Folia Biologica 66, n.º 4 (2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2020066040133.
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Von Willebrand disease is a commonly inherited bleeding disorder caused by defects of von Willebrand factor (vWF). In the most common valve diseases, aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and mitral valve regurgitation (MVR), a bleeding tendency has been described in a number of patients. This has been associated to a high turbulence of blood flow through the compromised valve, promoting degradation of vWF with loss of high-molecular-weight multimers of vWF (HMWM), leading to an acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS). We analysed three groups of patients, one affected by AVS, treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), the second group of patients affected by MVR, treated with Mitraclip® mitral valve repair. The third group was represented by patients also affected by AVS, but not eligible for TAVI and treated with standard surgery. A fourth group of patients that underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting was used as a control. Our results demonstrated that the level of vWF measured as antigen concentration (vWF:Ag) increases in all cohorts of patients after treatment, while in control PCI patients, no modification of vWF:Ag has been registered. Western blot analysis showed only a quantitative loss of vWF in the pre-treatment time, but without significant HMWM modification. The monitoring of the vWF:Ag concentration, but not the quality of HMWM, can indicate the status of blood flow in the treated patients, thus introducing the possibility of using the vWF antigen detection in monitoring the status of replaced or repaired valves.
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Mirzajanova, D. B., e N. G. Gulamov. "Dynamics of proinflammatory (IL-1, TNF), immunoregulatory (IL-4), and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the various outcomes of abdominal fever development". Journal Infectology 12, n.º 1 (21 de março de 2020): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-1-85-90.
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Dynamics of proinflammatory (IL-1, TNF), immunoregulatory (IL-4) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine levels was studied in 35 and 6 patients with abdominal fever with outcome of the disease in recovery and acute bacterial carriage, respectively. Level of cytokines in peripheric blood was studied at the height of the disease (the second week) and at the stages of early (the fourth week) and late (before hospital discharge) convalescence. Control group included 24 healthy individuals. At the height of the disease IL-1 and TNF levels were significantly higher in patients with disease recovery compared to patients with acute bacterial carriage. Dynamics of indices of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in patients with acute abdominal fever with outome in recovery and acute bacterial carriage was similar: the indices were increased at the height of the disease, at the stages of early and late convalescence the stable tendency to further increase was observed. Dynamics of proinflammatory (IL-1 and TNF) cytokines demonstrates that chronization of infectious process in abdominal fever/development of acute bacterial carriage is specified by insufficient increase of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Spasevski, Nedeljka, Dušica Čolović, Slađana Rakita, Predrag Ikonić, Olivera Đuragić, Vojislav Banjac e Đuro Vukmirović. "Fatty Acid Composition and β-Carotene Content in Egg Yolk of Laying Hens Fed with Linseed, Paprika and Marigold". Contemporary Agriculture 65, n.º 1-2 (1 de agosto de 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2016-0003.
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SummaryEggs enriched with n-3 fatty acids and natural pigments are desirable in human food chain due to numerous benefits for health. In this study, we investigated the effects of inclusion of co-extruded linseed and sunflower meal into laying hens’ diet and replacement of synthesized pigment with paprika and marigold flower as sources of natural pigments. Four hundred 18–wk-old Bovan laying hens divided in two groups (control and experiment) were fed for 12 weeks. Fatty acids and β-carotene were monitored every fourth week and successively analyzed. Significantly (p<0.05) increased content of α-linolenic acid in egg yolk in the experimental group in comparison to the control group was observed with addition of linseed, paprika and marigold in laying hens’ nutrition. Nearly the same tendency was observed in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. Supplementation of the co-extruded linseed and sunflower meal into laying hens’ diet demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) lower n-6/n-3 FA ratio in experimental group compared to control group. The obtained results showed that the synthetic pigment added to laying hens’ diet provided better pigmentation of egg yolks after one and two months of the feeding trial than paprika and marigold flower. The concentration of β-carotene in egg yolks increased in experimental group after three months of the treatment, and that was the first time that concentrations of β-carotene did not significantly (p < 0.05) differ among control and experimental group, which shows that paprika and marigold flower as sources of natural pigments can successfully replace synthetic pigment. We shall continue research in this field with other supplemented mixtures, as there are indices for other potential feed enhancements among oily seeds and herbs.
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Kh.S., Ibishev, Nashivochnikova N.A., Tsareva A.V., Shaderkin I.A. e Krasnyak S.S. "The search for alternative therapy for chronic cystitis: results of a prospective comparative randomized study on the effectiveness of a biologically active complex «Cystalis® D Plus»." Experimental and Сlinical Urology 17, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2024): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2024-17-1-138-144.
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Introduction. Cystitis is one of the most prevalent urinary tract infection (UTI) type. An important specifity of cystitis is the tendency to relapse and chronization of the disease. The search for a safe and effective strategy for the treatment and prevention of recurrence of chronic cystitis is an extremely urgent problem. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Cystalis® D Plus with antibiotics treatment in chronic cystitis relapses treatment. Materials and methods. The study included 120 patients with an established diagnosis of chronic cystitis at the moment of intensification. All patients were randomized into 4 groups: the first group received Cystalis® D Plus in monotherapy for 7 days, the second group received Cystalis® D Plus for 7 days together with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in accordance with the recommendations, the third group received fosfomycin trometamol in accordance with the recommendations, the fourth group received fosfomycin trometamol together with NSAIDs in accordance with recommendations. All groups were monitored for a month after the start of therapy. Results. Patients from all groups noted a significant decrease in intensity of pain according to VAS already on the third day of treatment. Also, there was a significant decrease in the symptoms of acute cystitis on thescale «Acute cystitis symptom score» (ACSS scale), a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the urine and a decrease in microbial load in all groups. All the positive changes in the groups were comparable to each other. Conclusions. «Cystalis® D Plus» leads to rapid and persistent relief of symptoms of recurrent cystitis both in monotherapy mode and in combination with other groups of drugs.
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Shidlovskaya, Tetiana A., e Tetyana V. Volkova. "Complaints of patients with functional dysorders of voice production accompained by hypotonic condition of the vocal apparatus". OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY №5-6(3) 2020, n.º 5-6(3) 2020 (4 de novembro de 2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2020-6-25.
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Topicality: Hypotonic functional dysphonia, especially a chronic disease (CHFD), is the most common nosology among all functional voice disorders. It is often accompanied by various complications and characterized by a very severe disease course, deteriorating significantly the voice function and general state of health of patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 123 patients with chronic hypotonic functional dysphonia were examined and divided into 4 groups depending on the violation degree in the vocal apparatus. The 1st group included 25 patients with mild disorders in the vocal apparatus, the 2nd group included 33 patients having more severe laryngeal mobility disorders, the 3rd group comprised 34 patients with a complicated disease course (prenodulus state, vocal cords nodules, Mediale Edge thinning), and the 4th group was consisted of 31 patients having such complications as vocal cords nodules, prenodulus state and the larynx vestibular hypertonicity of various degree. Results and Discussion: The complaints of severe hoarseness were reported in 44.0% of cases in Group 1, in 48.5% of cases of Group 2, in 64.7% of cases in Group 3, whereas in Group 4 the severe hoarseness was present in 77.4% of cases. Periodic voice loss was found in 32.0% of Group 1patients, among 42.4% of the patients from Group 2, among 52.9% of the patients from Group 3, and in 67.7% of cases it was reported in Group 4. In the first group, 56.0% of the patients described their complaints in various ways including unpleasant sensations in the larynx, irritation, dryness and a “ball” in the throat, 60.6% of the patients from the second group complained of the same symptoms, 70.6% of the patients from the third one, as well as 74.2% from the fourth group, respectively. Recurrent pain in the larynx, mainly caused by voice loading, was found in 24.0% of Group 1patients, in 30.3% of Group 2 patients, in 41.2% of Group 3 patients and 51.6%of the patients from Group 4. Thus, the severity of these symptoms was increasing simultaneously with deteriorating the vocal apparatus. The 72.0% of Group 1patients, 60.6% of Group 2 patients, 70.6% of Group 3 patients, and 90.3% of Group 4 patients complained of voice fatigue. In the first group, 40.0% of patients complained of intermittent coughing due to voice loading or to the desire “to talk” in the morning, as well as 39.4% of patients from the second group reported the same symptoms, and 44.1% of patients from the third group and 54, 8% from the fourth one, respectively. The neck muscle tension during phonation was experienced by 16% of patients from the first group, 36.4%- from the second group, 52.9%- from the third group and 70.9% of the patients from the fourth one. Therefore, the patients with the larynx vestibular hypertonicity reported they had the most severe sensations. Regarding the complaints of general state of health, the patients of Group 1 complained mostly of headache (52.0%), heaviness in the head (44.0%), irritability and high emotionality (56%). The patients of Group 2 had the most complaints of headache (57.6%), sleep disorders (48.5%), irritability and high emotionality (57.6%). The patients of Group 3 suffered from headache in 67.6% of the cases, from heaviness in the head in 58.8% of the cases, from sleep disorders in 58.8% of the cases, irritability and high emotionality in 70.6% of the cases. And the vast majority of patients from Group 4 complained of headache (77.4%), heaviness in the head (67.7%), sleep disorders (74.2%), irritability and high emotionality (87.1%), meteorological dependence (67.7%). So, the complaints of general state of health, especially with regard to headache, sleep disorders, irritability, high emotionality and meteorological dependence were mostly reported in the patients with HFD having a complicated disease course (Groups 3 and 4). This suggests that the central nervous and cardiovascular systems condition should be taken into account when treating patients with complicated HFD and severe voice disorders. Thus, the data on the examined groups of patients with CHFD show a tendency to an increase in the number of patients’ local health complaints and, especially, general health complaints starting from the first to the fourth group. The patients’ local health complaints include those of severe hoarseness, neck muscle tension, laryngeal pain during phonation and viscous sputum in the vocal cords, and periodic voice loss. Regarding to general health complaints, such as headache, sleep disorders, irritability and meteorological dependence; we can also observe the dynamics of growth in health complaints from the first to the fourth group. The obtained data will contribute to improving the quality of diagnosis in case of functional voice disorders, and can also be used in solving issues related to professional suitability of people of voice profession and medical-labour expert commission. Conclusions: 1. The patients with CHFD in all study groups mostly had such common local health complaints as severe hoarseness, voice fatigue and discomfort (irritation, dryness, viscous sputum, muscle tension) of the vocal apparatus, and also, headache, sleep disorders and irritability as the general state of health is concerned. 2. The frequency and severity of almost all studied health complaints, both general and local, increased from Group 1 (mild CHFD) to Group 4 (complicated severe CHFD) of patients with voice disorders, but, especially, in regard of such local health complaints as severe hoarseness, voice fatigue, neck muscle tension during phonation, sensation of irritation and laryngeal pain and such general health complaints as headache, sleep disorders, meteorological dependence and irritability. 3. The significant number of complaints increases (headache, heaviness in the head, irritability, sleep disorders, meteorological dependence and others) simultaneously with the deterioration of the vocal apparatus, which may indicate a violation of the central nervous system and cerebral circulation in patients with severe disorders of the voice function.
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Lebedev, A. N. "Quasi-experimental study of decision-making under conditions of equal choice". Experimental Psychology (Russia) 11, n.º 4 (2018): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2018110407.
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The problem of decision-making in the situation of choice among equivalent alternatives is considered in the article. This problem is relevant for behavioral and cognitive Sciences, as well as for practice. At present, it does not have an unambiguous solution. For the first time the problem has been formulated in philosophy and described by the famous parable of Buridan’s donkey. In experimental psychology, the complexity of the problem was shown in the experiment of Nisbett R.T. and Wilson T.D., who offered the subjects to choice one from four identical goods in the supermarket. It has been shown that this choice is not accidental. Most buyers prefer a product that lies fourth on the storefront but do not realize it. The researchers concluded that in a situation of equal choice, the factor of place of goods on display is significant. The proposed article refers to a pilot study of the impact of different ways of presenting subjects with equivalent alternatives to choose from. Three groups of subjects were asked to make a choice in three different situations: to randomly select and cross out one cell in the rows of the figure in the form of a ladder and a pyramid (from 2 to 20). The third group was offered a situation of “distribution of 11 financial funds between 12 unfamiliar managers” sitting at a round table. The study showed that in the first two cases there is a tendency to choose alternatives that are at the center of the proposed figures. In the third case, there is a tendency to “allocate funds in the form of a clock face”. However, many subjects seem to apply some of their strategies of choice and are not aware of them. In practice, such choice is going to be irrational and often unpredictable.
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Zwierko, T., e J. Wąsik. "Exercise-induced fatigue impairs visuomotor adaptability in physical education students". Physical education of students 23, n.º 6 (18 de dezembro de 2019): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2019.0608.
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Purpose: Physical exercise has been shown to exert various effects on visuomotor processing and motor learning. The present study aimed to examine the impact of exercise with progressively increased physical load on consecutive stages of perceptual-motor learning. We compared the effectiveness of visuomotor adaptability in four subsequent trials during a complex coordination task performed in different conditions, including under conditions of progressively increased physical load, and in non-exercise resting control conditions. Material: Twenty-seven physical education university students participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two group: (1) an exercise experimental group (n = 14), or (2) a non-exercise resting control group (n = 13). Methods: Participants in the experimental group performed three 10-minute effort-tests with increasing intensity on a cycloergometer. Each participant was assigned individual workload values below the lactate threshold (40% VO2max), at the lactate threshold (60% VO2max), and above the lactate threshold (80% VO2max). Four sessions of the two-hand coordination test included in the Vienna Test System were used to examine visuomotor adaptability variation. The total time duration, total error duration, and coordination difficulty were analyzed. Results: There was a significant interaction between number of test repetitions and group (experimental, control) for total duration ( F (3,75) = 3.54, p = 0.018). In particular, there was a significant reduction ( p = 0.006) in duration in the control group after fourth test repetitions as compared to the baseline. In the experimental group, in contrast, there was a tendency for duration to increase after exercise above the lactate threshold intensity. There was also a significant interaction between test repetitions and group for total error duration ( F (3,75) = 3.14, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The results suggest that high intensity exercise can disrupt visuomotor processing during complex skill acquisition. These findings highlight the interplay between exercise intensity and motor control and learning, which in turn, has practical implications for developing and improving motor training and physical education programs.
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Prawiragara, Fachrizal Arfani, Ferdiansyah Ferdiansyah, Mouli Edward, Dwikora Novembri Utomo, Mohammad Hardian Basuki, Alexander Patera Nugraha e Fedik Abdul Rantam. "Activation of microvesicle peripheral blood mononuclear cells by mesenchymal stem cells secretome co-cultivated with osteosarcoma stem cell". Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 10, n.º 5 (1 de setembro de 2022): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres22.1414_10.5.782.
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Context: Microvesicle is a cell micro molecule that may play a role in the process of osteosarcoma stem cell apoptosis. Aims: To investigate the activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) through the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) on co-cultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) sensitized by mesenchymal stem cell secretome (MSCS) co-cultivated with osteosarcoma stem cells (OS-SCs). Methods: This study was true experimental with a post-test only control group design. This was in vitro study PBMSCs sensitized by MSCS as then samples were divided into 4 treatment groups, respectively: Zero-day treatment (P0) PBMCs were co-cultivated with OS-SCs for 0 hours; First treatment (P1) PBMCs were co-cultivated with OS-SCs for 1 hour; Second treatment (P2) PBMCs were co-cultivated with OS-SCs for 2 days; Third treatment (P3) PBMCs were co-cultivated with OS-SCs for 4 days. The examination method used in this study was flow cytometry and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a p≤0.05 considered a significant difference. Results: There was a tendency for a significant increase in extravesicular secretion in the secretion of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, CXCL13, TIMP3, in the microvesicle PBMCs when sensitized by MSCs secretome co-cultivated with OS-SCs environment co-cultivated after the fourth day with significantly different between groups (p≤0.05). Conclusions: PBMSCs’ microvesicle such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, CXCL13, TIMP3 was significantly sensitized by MSCS and co-cultivated with OS-SCs after the fourth day of in vitro.
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Ulianova, Elena P., Diana A. Spiridonova, Vera P. Nikitina, Inna A. Novikova, Aleksandr B. Sagakyants, Evgeniya M. Nepomnyashchaya, Oksana G. Shulgina, Ivan S. Nikitin e Oleg I. Kit. "Correlation of PR and ER expression in tumors in various growth patterns of cervical cancer as a prognostic factor." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n.º 15_suppl (20 de maio de 2020): e18031-e18031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e18031.
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e18031 Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Since the uterus has receptors through which hormonal effects are realized, studies on the tissue receptor apparatus for estrogen and progesterone are relevant. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlation of PR and ER expression as a prognostic factor in cervical cancer. Methods: The study included 60 patients aged 28-65 years diagnosed with cervical cancer. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 – endophytic pattern of tumor growth (n = 30), group 2 – exophytic pattern (n = 30). Eligibility criteria included morphologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix T1b-2aN0M0, stage I-II. Rabbit monoclonal antibodies for ER (Thermo scientific) and PR (Cell Marque) with the Reveal Polyvalent HRP-DAB Detection System were used for the IHC analysis. Statisical analysis of the results was performed with the Statistica 10 program (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results: The average expression of the ER marker was 5.4±3.03% for group 1 (endophytic tumors) and 13.9±8.2% for group 2 (exophytic tumors). The average PR expression was 0.5±0.3% and 1.6±1.1%, respectively. The maximal accumulation of both PR and ER in the nuclei of tumor cells was registered in patients of group 2, being 3.2 times (p = 0.931) and 2.6 times (p = 0.815) higher than in group 1, respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant (the Mann-Whitney test, p > 0.05). The Spearman rank correlation test did not show statistically significant correlation between the groups and the markers (r = -0.218, p = 0.338). Statistically significant correlation was observed only in the group with exophytic pattern of tumor growth (r = 0.786, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The IHC analysis revealed a tendency to an increase in the expression of PR and ER in patients with exophytic tumors. However, the correlation between the expression of these indicators cannot be considered as a predictive factor in cervical cancer.
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Gillioz, Christelle, Johnny R. J. Fontaine, Cristina Soriano e Klaus R. Scherer. "Mapping Emotion Terms into Affective Space". Swiss Journal of Psychology 75, n.º 3 (junho de 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000180.
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Abstract. Recent empirical work on the semantics of emotion terms across many different cultures and languages, using a theoretical componential approach, suggested that four dimensions are needed to parsimoniously describe the semantic space of the emotion domain as reflected in emotion terms ( Fontaine, Scherer, Roesch, & Ellsworth, 2007 ; Fontaine, Scherer, & Soriano, 2013 ). In addition to valence, power, and arousal, a novelty dimension was discovered that mostly differentiated surprise from other emotions. Here, we further explore the existence and nature of the fourth dimension in semantic emotion space using a much larger and much more representative set of emotion terms. A group of 156 participants each rated 10 out of a set of 80 French emotion terms with respect to semantic meaning. The meaning of an emotion term was evaluated with respect to 68 emotion features representing the appraisal, action tendency, bodily reaction, expression, and feeling components of the emotion process. A principal component analysis confirmed the four-dimensional valence, power, arousal, and novelty structure. Moreover, this larger and much more representative set of emotion terms revealed that the novelty dimension not only differentiates surprise terms from other emotion terms, but also identifies substantial variation within the fear and joy emotion families.
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Shuba, O. А., e O. A. Karabanov. "A Characterization of the Modern World Automotive Market". Business Inform 10, n.º 525 (2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-10-14-22.
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The article is aimed at researching the current state of the world automotive market and trends that will determine its development. The automotive industry, facilitating the global economic growth in general, is a strategic industry, stimulating the development of technology and affecting the population employment. The number of cars in the world increases annually, however, due to the existence of differences in vehicle registration rules in different countries, it is difficult to determine the exact number of cars over the world. During the research period, the global automotive market showed a tendency to increase, one of the reasons for which is a gradual decrease in the cost of cars (in accordance with the average income of the population). To analyze the provision of the population with cars, the indicator of motorization (automobilization) of the population (the number of cars per 1 thousand population) is used, which depends on the level of economic development of the separate country. The world leader, which is significantly ahead of other countries in the production of cars, is China. The United States ranks the second, the third in the world ranking of automakers is Japan. The leader among the countries – exporters of cars for more than a decade remains Germany, the second place is held by Japan, the third place – by the United States, fourth place – by Mexico, increasing exports in 2019 almost twice compared to 2016. The fifth place is held by South Korea. The world’s largest importers of cars are the United States, Germany and China. The article provides a rating of the leading companies – manufacturers of cars. The first place belongs to Volkswagen Group, the second place is held by Toyota Group, the third place is taken by Renault – Nissan – Mitsibishi, the fourth place – by General Motors, the fifth place – by Hyundai Kia from South Korea. The main trends in the global automotive market are indicated as follows: increasing the production of electromotive cars and cars with a hybrid engine; use of autonomous car driving technology; increasing the volume of car sharing; use of technology for exchanging car information with external objects, including other cars; rapid technological development of car related software.
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Pinheiro, Anielli, Marcelo Arruda Nakazone, Fernanda Silva Leal, Marcela Augusta Souza Pinhel, Dorotéia Rossi Silva Souza e José Paulo Cipullo. "Medical students' knowledge about end-of-life decision-making". Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica 35, n.º 2 (junho de 2011): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-55022011000200005.
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The influence of medical students' knowledge concerning end-of-life care, considering ethical theories and clinical practice, remains controversial. We aimed to investigate medical students' knowledge of bioethical concepts related to moral kinds of death (euthanasia, disthanasia, and orthothanasia) and to analyze the influence of their clinical experience on practicing such approaches in a tertiary hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We interviewed 180 medical students [distributed in Group 1 (G1) - first to third- year students, and Group 2 (G2) - fourth to sixth-year students] to evaluate the influence of the course on "medical ethics" on ethical theories and clinical practice, using a closed questionnaire. The course on "medical ethics" did not distinguish the groups (P=0.704) in relation to bioethical concepts. Neologisms such as "cacothanasia" and "idiothanasia" were incorrectly viewed as bioethical concepts by 28% of the interviewees. Moreover, 45.3% of the sample considered health care professionals incapable of managing terminally ill patients, especially G2 (29%) as compared to G1 (16.5%, P=0.031). The concept of euthanasia was accepted by 41% of sample, as compared to 98.2% for orthothanasia. Among medical students that accepted ways to abbreviate life (22.9%), 30.1% belonged to G1, and only 16.1% to G2 (P=0.049). These medical students were unfamiliar with common bioethical concepts. Moreover, they considered healthcare professionals incapable of managing terminally ill patients. The ethical ideal of the "good death" reflects better acceptance of orthothanasia by medical students, suggesting a tendency to apply it in their future clinical practice.
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Nesa, Kamrun, Md Jalaluddin Iqbal, Kazi Shafiqul Halim e Israt Jahan. "Evaluation of the Effect of Mefenamic Acid Alone and Combination with Fennel (Foenicullum Vulgare) on Primary Dysmenorrhoea". Bangladesh Medical Journal 48, n.º 2 (30 de maio de 2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v48i2.51292.
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Primary dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps of uterus led to considered gynecological complaint. Menstrual discomfort was reported in half to four-fifth of females and one-fourth reported sever dysmenorrhea. Newer combination of herbal products like Fennel and Mefenamic acid becoming popular and replacing conventional NSAIDs/ OCPs therapy for their major adverse effect. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Mefenamic acid alone and combination with Fennel (Foenicullum Vulgare) on primary dysmenorrhoea. This interventional study was conducted among randomly selected 100 female workers with age range 18-25 years of two Garments Factories at Demra, Dhaka during July 2014 to June with the complaints of moderate to severe pain intensity and bleeding of primary dysmenorrhea. There were two group, group A (50 women) were treated with Cap Mefenamic Acid 250 mg once daily and group B (50) were with Cap Mefenamic Acid 250 mg once daily and fennel supplementation 10 ml three times daily. The mean age of respondents was 21.60 ± 2.59 and menarche age was 13.92±1.15 year. Mean duration of the menstrual cycle and cycle length were 6.24±1.66 and 27.36±3.63 days respectively. Mean onset age of Dysmenorrhea 16.16±1.81 year and intensity of dysmenorrhea (VAS-Visual Analogue Scale) 6.5±1.6. Group A had no any special experience on pain relief sensation by taking Mefenamic Acid alone, whereas Group B gathered better experience after administration of Cap Mefenamic Acid with fennel supplementation. Moreover, according to result of the analysis, comparison with bleeding tendency was also not shown the significant difference. One more important thing is that these two group faced some adverse effect of those medication such as group A had no complaints of allergic reaction, visual and neurologic disturbance where 2% had gastro-intestinal upset and 2% had respiratory distress in Group A; on the other hand, 2% had allergic reaction, 2% had visual symptom and respiratory distress had 4% cases in Group B. Mefenamic acid with fennel can decrease the severity of dysmenorrhea. However, any intervention might be found out to treat dysmenorrhea with less adverse effects is highly desired.
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 38-43
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Nesa, Kamrun, Md Jalaluddin Iqbal, Kazi Shafiqul Halim e Israt Jahan. "Evaluation of the Effect of Mefenamic Acid Alone and Combination with Fennel (Foenicullum Vulgare) on Primary Dysmenorrhoea". Bangladesh Medical Journal 48, n.º 2 (30 de maio de 2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v48i2.51292.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Primary dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps of uterus led to considered gynecological complaint. Menstrual discomfort was reported in half to four-fifth of females and one-fourth reported sever dysmenorrhea. Newer combination of herbal products like Fennel and Mefenamic acid becoming popular and replacing conventional NSAIDs/ OCPs therapy for their major adverse effect. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Mefenamic acid alone and combination with Fennel (Foenicullum Vulgare) on primary dysmenorrhoea. This interventional study was conducted among randomly selected 100 female workers with age range 18-25 years of two Garments Factories at Demra, Dhaka during July 2014 to June with the complaints of moderate to severe pain intensity and bleeding of primary dysmenorrhea. There were two group, group A (50 women) were treated with Cap Mefenamic Acid 250 mg once daily and group B (50) were with Cap Mefenamic Acid 250 mg once daily and fennel supplementation 10 ml three times daily. The mean age of respondents was 21.60 ± 2.59 and menarche age was 13.92±1.15 year. Mean duration of the menstrual cycle and cycle length were 6.24±1.66 and 27.36±3.63 days respectively. Mean onset age of Dysmenorrhea 16.16±1.81 year and intensity of dysmenorrhea (VAS-Visual Analogue Scale) 6.5±1.6. Group A had no any special experience on pain relief sensation by taking Mefenamic Acid alone, whereas Group B gathered better experience after administration of Cap Mefenamic Acid with fennel supplementation. Moreover, according to result of the analysis, comparison with bleeding tendency was also not shown the significant difference. One more important thing is that these two group faced some adverse effect of those medication such as group A had no complaints of allergic reaction, visual and neurologic disturbance where 2% had gastro-intestinal upset and 2% had respiratory distress in Group A; on the other hand, 2% had allergic reaction, 2% had visual symptom and respiratory distress had 4% cases in Group B. Mefenamic acid with fennel can decrease the severity of dysmenorrhea. However, any intervention might be found out to treat dysmenorrhea with less adverse effects is highly desired.
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 38-43
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Koutourousiou, Maria, Francisco Vaz Guimaraes Filho, Tina Costacou, Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda, Eric W. Wang, Carl H. Snyderman, William E. Rothfus e Paul A. Gardner. "Pontine encephalocele and abnormalities of the posterior fossa following transclival endoscopic endonasal surgery". Journal of Neurosurgery 121, n.º 2 (agosto de 2014): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.12.jns13756.
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Object Transclival endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) has recently been used for the treatment of posterior fossa tumors. The optimal method of reconstruction of large clival defects following EES has not been established. Methods A morphometric analysis of the posterior fossa was performed in patients who underwent transclival EES to compare those with observed postoperative anatomical changes (study group) to 50 normal individuals (anatomical control group) and 41 matched transclival cases with preserved posterior fossa anatomy (case-control group) using the same parameters. Given the absence of clival bone following transclival EES, the authors used the line between the anterior commissure and the basion as an equivalent to the clival plane to evaluate the location of the pons. Four parameters were studied and compared in the two populations: the pontine location/displacement, the maximum anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the pons, the maximum AP diameter of the fourth ventricle, and the cervicomedullary angle (CMA). All measurements were performed on midsagittal 3-month postoperative MR images in the study group. Results Among 103 posterior fossa tumors treated with transclival EES, 14 cases (13.6%) with postoperative posterior fossa anatomy changes were identified. The most significant change was anterior displacement of the pons (transclival pontine encephalocele) compared with the normal location in the anatomical control group (p < 0.0001). Other significant deformities were expansion of the AP diameter of the pons (p = 0.005), enlargement of the fourth ventricle (p = 0.001), and decrease in the CMA (p < 0.0001). All patients who developed these changes had undergone extensive resection of the clival bone (> 50% of the clivus) and dura. Nine (64.3%) of the 14 patients were overweight (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m2). An association between BMI and the degree of pontine encephalocele was observed, but did not reach statistical significance. The use of a fat graft as part of the reconstruction technique following transclival EES with dural opening was the single significant factor that prevented pontine displacement (p = 0.02), associated with 91% lower odds of pontine encephalocele (OR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.77). The effect of fat graft reconstruction was more pronounced in overweight/obese individuals (p = 0.04) than in normal-weight patients (p = 0.52). Besides reconstruction technique, other noticeable findings were the tendency of younger adults to develop pontine encephalocele (p = 0.05) and the association of postoperative meningitis with the development of posterior fossa deformities (p = 0.05). One patient developed a transient, recurrent subjective diplopia; all others remained asymptomatic. Conclusions Significant changes in posterior fossa anatomy that have potential clinical implications have been observed following transclival transdural EES. These changes are more common in younger patients or those with meningitis and may be associated with BMI. The use of a fat graft combined with the vascularized nasoseptal flap appears to minimize the risk of pontine herniation following transclival EES with dural opening.
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Lezhenko, H. O., e N. A. Zakharchenko. "The pathogenetic role of some cytokines in the development and course of various clinical forms of urinary tract infections in children". CHILD`S HEALTH 17, n.º 3 (10 de setembro de 2022): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.17.3.2022.1507.
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Background. The purpose of the research: to study the content of interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 cytokines in the blood serum of children with urinary tract infection and to establish their pathogenetic role in the development of various clinical forms of the disease. Materials and methods. The study groups consisted of 84 children (mean age of 10.0 ± 1.3 years). The main group was divided into subgroups: the first one — 17 children with acute pyelonephritis, the second — 21 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, the third — 16 children with acute cystitis, the fourth subgroup — 10 patients with unspecified urinary tract infections. The control group included 20 relatively healthy children. The content of interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It was established that the development of acute urinary tract infections was accompanied by a high level of serum pro-inflammatory interleukin-6. We found the highest level in children with cystitis, which exceeded that of the control group by 2.8 times (р < 0.01). In children with acute pyelonephritis, this cytokine was 1.8 times higher (р < 0.05). However, patients with chronic pyelonephritis had only a tendency towards its increase (p > 0.05). Interleukin-15 in the main group was statistically higher than in controls (р < 0.05). In children of subgroups 3 and 4, its level did not differ from that of the control group (p > 0.05). However, in subgroups 1 (р < 0.05) and 2 (р < 0.01), we observed a statistically significant increase in interleukin-15 level. A direct correlation between interleukin-15 content and disease duration (r = 0.64, р < 0.05) was also found. Conclusions. The development of an acute inflammatory process in the urinary tract in children occurs against the background of a marked increase in the expression of interleukin-6, while a chronic inflammatory process develops with a statistically significant increase in the level of interleukin-15 in blood serum.
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Rakhimzhanova, R. I., D. Mardenkyzy, T. B. Dautov e E. S. Yelshibayeva. "CТ densitometry as an additional method in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension: a prospective study". Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy 13, n.º 3 (19 de outubro de 2022): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2022-13-3-51-57.
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INTRODUCTION: This article presents the results of application of CT densitometry in the computed tomography (CT) of the chest to diagnose various forms of pulmonary hypertension.OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic value of CT densitometry using comparative analysis of lung tissue density in patients with various forms of pulmonary hypertension.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 528 patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension by means of right heart catheterization (RHC) of the National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Republic of Kazakhstan. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of pulmonary hypertension of the World Health Organization (ESC/ERS Guidelines) from 2015. The first group included 254 patients with pulmonary hypertension pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PHLHD). The second group included 210 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The third group included 49 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The fourth group — 15 patients with pulmonary hypertension due to respiratory disease (PHDRD). The mean age of the patients was 52.15±16.75 years. Contrast-enhanced chest CT imaging performed with a 64-slice multislice computed tomography system (Somatom Definition AS, Siemens) with post-processing to assess the lung tissue densitometric parameters, analyse the diameters of the pulmonary trunk and its main branches. The CT examination was carried in accordance with an «Embolism» protocol with intravenous administration of a contrast agent according to indications. Statistics: analysis was conducted using the Statistica 10 software. To quantitatively compare the two groups nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskal-Wallace test were applied. Mean value and standard deviation in the format of «M±S» were used for quantitative parameters. Correlation analysis was carried out using Spearman’s nonparametric rank correlation.RESULTS: In patients with severe pulmonary hypertension a tendency for fibrotic changes was most clearly observed in cases of pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (–809.92±26.52), and emphysematous changes in the pulmonary arterial hypertension group (–843.27±43.88).CONCLUSION: CT lung densitometry should be performed in all patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension as an additional method of examination.
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Vostroilova, G. A., P. A. Parshin, N. A. Khokhlova, M. S. Zhukov e Yu S. Parkhomenko. "Morphological spectrum of the blood of hypotrophic calves against the background of the use of the drug interamin". International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, n.º 4 (30 de janeiro de 2023): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.4.165.
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The aim of the work is to study the effect of the complex drug interamin on the morphological blood indicators of calves with signs of antenatal hypotrophy. The object of the study were newborn calves, which were divided into 4 groups. The calves of the first experimental group (n=10, hypotrophic calves) were administered the complex drug interamin subcutaneously, five times on days 1, 3, 8-14, 18-24 and 56-60 of life at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of animal body weight. The calves of the second experimental group (n=10, hypotrophic calves) were administered "Biferon-B" subcutaneously, according to the above scheme. The calves of the third (n=10, negative control, hypotrophic calves) and fourth (n=10, control, normotrophic calves) groups were not treated with drugs. On the first day after birth, as well as on days 7, 30 of life and 5-10 days after the transfer to the rearing group, venous blood samples were taken from calves to assess its morphological composition. It has been established that hematological failures develop the calves with antenatal hypotrophy, manifested in the form of hypochromic anemia and a tendency to pancytopenia. The use of the drug interamin contributed to the activation of hematopoietic processes in calves with signs of antenatal hypotrophy. Thus, the number of erythrocytes in calves treated with interamin was significantly higher by 10.2, 7.6, 31.0% than in the calves from the negative control group, and the hemoglobin level from 7 to 60 days of life was within the reference range for these ages of this animal species. At the age of 7 days, against the background of the introduction of interamin, the number of leukocytes also increased by 6.4%, with a decrease in stab neutrophils by 52.5%, and segmented neutrophils – by 20.1%, with an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes by 39.4% relative to those in calves from the negative control group, and did not significantly differ from the indicators of normotrophic calves.
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Ishchuk, Svitlana, Lyubomyr Sozanskyy, Olena Liahovska, Lyudmyla Koval e Nataliya Ryvak. "REGIONAL FUNCTIONING SPECIFICS OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT INSTABILITY". Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 6, n.º 47 (30 de dezembro de 2022): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.6.47.2022.3932.
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The purpose of the article is to identify transformations in the Ukrainian economy's industrial sector based on a comprehensive assessment of activity (production, labor, investment, and innovation) and the functioning efficiency (profitability) of the named sector in the regional section. The results of the evaluations carried out using the author's method made it possible to tentatively distinguish four groups of regions in Ukraine according to the type of their industry: first group – traditionally industrial regions with a high level of the industrialization of the economy and product innovation, a significant (with a tendency to increase) share of the extractive industry, the second group – regions that possessed sufficient industrial potential and/or demonstrated its active growth. The regions of this group are characterized by a highly developed processing industry, in which food occupied the largest share; the third group – regions with a high level of industrial and labor activity, the industrial sector of which was dominated by electricity production; the fourth group – the economy of these regions belongs to the non-industrial type, where the activity and efficiency indicators of industrial enterprises are mostly low (or tend to decrease). It is possible to ascertain the presence of certain transformational trends in Ukrainian industry over the last 10 years, the essence of which was the formation of new industrial centers that are still small in terms of activity scale, but with larger (compared to traditional industrial regions) values and higher positive dynamics of individual production and labor indicators, as well as investment activity of industrial enterprises. Such "new industrial" centers arose mostly in the western and central regions. The full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022 sharply and strongly intensified these transformational processes. All regions of the 1st group, which were industrial leaders, lost a significant part of their industrial potential. This applies primarily to metallurgical industries, which need radical modernization and innovative technologies. There was an increase in the industrial potential of a part of the regions assigned to the 2nd group instead, as well as a part of the regions belonging to the 3rd group, as a result of the enterprises' relocation, in particular.