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Paré, Jean-Louis, e Frédéric Demerens. "Quel enseignement de la finance entrepreneuriale ?" Revue internationale P.M.E. 24, n.º 3-4 (24 de janeiro de 2013): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013668ar.
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Les besoins et modalités de financement des firmes innovantes ou à forte croissance ont donné naissance ces dernières années à un champ théorique et professionnel nouveau : la finance entrepreneuriale. Cet article propose, d’une part, de relever les particularités de ce champ relativement aux autres champs de la finance et, d’autre part, de présenter l’ancrage théorique et pratique et les enjeux pédagogiques permettant de bâtir une formation en finance entrepreneuriale. La concrétisation de ces réflexions a conduit à l’élaboration d’un programme mastère spécialisé qui illustre, en dernière partie, le propos. Nous espérons que cet article contribuera au développement des formations en finance entrepreneuriale qui, par les exigences économiques actuelles, devraient être amenées à se répandre tant en France qu’à l’international.
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Pan, Zhongdang, Lu Wei e Guobin Yang. "Introduction to Special Issue on digital formations and Chinese experiences". Communication and the Public 3, n.º 1 (30 de janeiro de 2018): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057047318756138.
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This is Part I of a special issue on digital formations in China. The five articles in this part study, respectively, the digital working class, social media propaganda, “grassroots” Internet finance, online swearing, and online political communication in a Hong Kong Chief Executive election.
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Ganushchak, Tetiana. "The mechanism to provide financial safety of logistics". Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, n.º 4 (14 de dezembro de 2016): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(4).2016.11.
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The article gives approaches to the definition ‘financial safety of the enterprise’. It also states the classification of the types of the financial safety of the enterprise. The author of the article defines the principle vision of the notion ‘logistics.’ It gives the description of the financial logistic system. The author offers personal model of the mechanism to manage the provision of financial safety of the logistic formations. There have also been given the suggestions how to make the mechanism of the provision of the financial safety of the logistic formations work better. Keywords: financial safety, financial safety of logistic formations, logistics, finance logistic system, mechanism, model, definitions, approach. JEL Classіfіcatіon: F36, G30
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Sassen, Saskia. "Predatory Formations Dressed in Wall Street Suits and Algorithmic Math". Science, Technology and Society 22, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2017): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721816682783.
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This article examines how assemblages of complex types of knowledge and technologies—including algorithmic mathematics, law and accounting, and high-level logistics—have generated complex predatory formations. The complexity of these formations tends to camouflage their predatory character. Further, such formations are systemic in nature. They are not produced by an elementary seizure of power. Predatory formations are often beyond the reach of ordinary policy responses, in good part because they tend to assemble elements of separate domains into novel configurations. The focus here is on one of the more powerful and complex predatory formations, (high) finance. And the effort is to explain how even the most sophisticated financial instruments require certain elementary and brutal steps, resulting in highly degraded socio-economic outcomes. The sub-prime mortgage developed in the early 2000s differentiates itself from the original 1970s concept in that its aim was not to enable access to housing. Its aim was and is to use the actual physical good (the house) to develop an asset-backed security for the financial system itself.
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Haxby, Andrew. "Can a financial bubble burst if no one hears the pop?" Focaal 2017, n.º 78 (1 de junho de 2017): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2017.780107.
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This article concerns the formation of price in Kathmandu’s land market. In Nepal, land has been for generations the bedrock of savings and household finance, an objectification of social status and a subject of intense political debate, up to and including the recent Maoist insurrection. In Kathmandu, however, the meaning of land has begun to change, mostly because of the rapid fluctuations in its monetary value. This article demonstrates how residents have used localized understandings of price and value formation to explain these changes, understandings that take as their reference point historical landlord-tenant relationships and not the machinations of market equilibrium. This article interrogates the notion that the market animates price, instead arguing that price can index a multitude of value formations.
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McDaniel, William R., Jeff Madura e Kenneth J. Wiant. "Performance following ESOP formations by publicly-held corporations". Journal of Economics and Finance 19, n.º 3 (setembro de 1995): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02920620.
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Ahmed, Israr, e Imamuddin Khoso. "The Impact of Micro-finance on Self-employment and Poverty Reduction: A case of Sindh Rural Support Organization and Tameer Micro Finance Bank, Sindh". Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, n.º 32 (8 de setembro de 2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.32.08.2.
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Micro finance is well-organized and successful instrument to decrease poverty. Although microfinance Sector in Pakistan has recognize important development and attain little cost formations. The major reason of study is to forecast that how Micro finance decreases poverty or not and method of self-employment in rural and urban of Sindh successful or not. A most important mean of this research article was to calculate that what type of Impact of microfinance on reduction of poverty and Self-employment with Supply lending and Demand following hypotheses theory. Researcher used Stratified random sampling technique 500 clients of each organization (TMB and SRSO) was selected for testing PLS with Smartpls 3. After assessment of responses with the help PLS of measurement and structural model result shows positive impact of independent variable (IV) on Dependent variables (DVs).
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NUSKABAYEV, О. "Turkic Ethnic Formations in the Eurasian Space". Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 122, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2021-4/2664-0686.14.
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The article analyzes the way of life and living conditions of the ancestors who stood at the origins of the origin of the Kazakhs and other more than 200 indigenous ethnic groups of Eurasia. Based on the data of new anthropological, archaeological, ethnosociological, ethnolinguistic and DNA-genealogical studies integrated into scientific circulation, life support, management and cultural studies models formed in accordance with the natural and climatic conditions in the regions of residence of the ancestors of indigenous origin are compared and analyzed. There are enough artifacts indicating that the ancient Turkic peoples originate in Siberia. To confirm this, we can cite dozens of examples of monumental monuments, the material and spiritual world, found in Siberia, uncovered and proven by the Turkic peoples. During the study of corpses found in Altai graves, in particular, on the faces of corpses excavated in the Pazyryk culture, mixed signs of the Caucasoid and Mongoloid races were found, which are signs of a mixed life of European and Mongolian races. The shark marine culture was evaluated as a continuation of a new stage of the samples of the Pazyryk culture. In the mounds, along with human bones, many ornaments decorated with a pattern in the animal style were found. Among them, images of deer, eagles, argali, wolves and livestock are very attractively depicted. In this regard, it is determined that the population of the Gorno-Altai Territory was in a strong state structure with a strong culture, economy, and religious beliefs. The article clarifies that the Hunkurats, who settled in all regions of the Eurasian space, like others inhabited the Altai Mountains and founded cultural centers. This is evidenced by cultural monuments, sculptures, balbals, images of fine art, ornamental products, remnants of production products, funeral rites, ideological images excavated in settlements and burial grounds of these regions.
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Heimann, Marco, e Katia Lobre-Lebraty. "Intégrer la responsabilité sociétale dans les enseignements de spécialité des masters de Finance : la nécessité d’un équilibre". Management & Sciences Sociales N° 25, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2018): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mss.025.0063.
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La responsabilité sociale a le vent en poupe, dans les entreprises comme dans les écoles de management. Cependant, la formation à cette responsabilité se réalise le plus souvent par l’ajout de cours généraux, dédiés à la Responsabilité Sociétale des Organisations sous de multiples appellations (développement durable, éthique des affaires…) dans les cursus et les formations. Ainsi, les spécialités très techniques telles que la finance tardent à intégrer les pratiques de gestion responsable dans leurs enseignements. Cette forme d’implémentation, plus conforme au caractère transversal et holiste de la RSO, semble également plus à même de former de futurs managers effectivement responsables. Afin de le vérifier, une expérimentation pédagogique réalisée auprès de 142 étudiants de Master 2 en finance à l’iaelyon, école de management universitaire publique, a été mise en œuvre. Celle-ci a consisté en un jeu d’investissement responsable qui a permis d’analyser le comportement d’investissement des étudiants, sur une durée de 4 mois. L’utilisation de l’information extra financière par les étudiants a notamment pu être étudiée à travers le niveau de responsabilité de leurs portefeuilles. Une analyse et une discussion approfondie tant des résultats attendus qu’atypiques est alors conduite débouchant à la fois sur des perspectives théoriques mais aussi pratiques en matière de formation à la RSO.
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Bruthansová, Jana, Jiří Bruthans e Petr Kraft. "Construction of the Metro Line D in Praha-Pankrác: An Introductory Report About a Unique Opportunity for Study of the Upper Ordovician Fossil Assemblages and Sediments in the Prague Basin (Czech Republic)". Folia Musei rerum naturalium Bohemiae occidentalis. Geologica et Paleobiologica 56, n.º 1-2 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fbgp-2022-0006.
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Abstract The construction of the new metro line D in Praha-Pankrác provides a unique opportunity to study different aspects such as lithology, stratigraphy and fossil assemblages from the Upper Ordovician and Silurian of the Prague Basin. Results from the sections in tunnels mined so far allowed detailed information about the succession of fossil assemblages, facies variability and actual thicknesses of the upper part of the Bohdalec Formation, the Králův Dvůr and Kosov formations in this part of Prague Basin. The stratigraphic position of Michle Facies in the Bohdalec Formation was also indicated.
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Patel, Geeta. "Advertisements, Proprietary Heterosexuality, and Hundis: Postcolonial Finance, Nation-State Formations, and the New Idealized Family". Rethinking Marxism 24, n.º 4 (outubro de 2012): 516–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2012.711056.
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Jessop, Bob. "SOCIAL POLICY, STATE, AND ‘SOCIETY’". SER Social 15, n.º 33 (8 de março de 2014): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/ser_social.v15i33.13047.
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This contribution explores the relations among social policy, the state and ‘society’ in the light of recent changes in capitalist social formations, including the increasing integration of the world market and the increasing significance of ‘world society’ as the ultimate horizon of communication, calculation, and policy deliberations. It builds on my earlier work on welfare state restructuring but updates it in four ways. First, it provides stronger foundations for analyses of welfare regimes in the nature of capitalism, looking beyond a general critique of the capitalist mode of production to consider specific configurations of capitalist social formations and their insertion into the world market. Second, it extends my earlier work beyond the economies of Atlantic Fordism and their crises to include export-oriented economies and developmental states and the differential implications for welfare regimes of knowledge-based economies and finance-dominated regimes as potential bases of post-Fordist accumulation. Third, especially in relation to finance-dominated accumulation, it considers the problematic status of the welfare state and/or social policy in neoliberal regimes that are strongly inserted into a competitive world market. And, fourth, it addresses the status of ‘global social policy’ as a response to the integration of the world market and the emergence of ‘world society’. The contribution ends with some general conclusions about the study of welfare regimes.
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Dor, Eric, e Bruno Van der Linden. "Allocations, sanctions et formations : leur impact sur la formation des salaires et le taux de sortie du chômage". Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique XL, n.º 1 (2001): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rpve.401.0117.
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Lyles, Marjorie A. "The impact of organizational learning on joint venture formations". International Business Review 3, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1994): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-5931(94)90034-5.
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Earle, Timothy. "Warfare, Political Economy, and Social Formations: Considering Central Andean Prehistory". Arqueología y Sociedad, n.º 39 (7 de dezembro de 2023): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/arqueolsoc.2023n39.e25567.
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Warfare is critical for anthropologists and prehistorians studying variation in human economies and societies. To view this variable comparatively, we must consider severity and regularity as documented by defensive facilities and locations, nature and frequency of weaponry, and bodily injuries likely from combat. Arkush (2022 and companion article) provides detailed documentation for explaining Andean warfare. Here, I look at war- fare as a constellations of phenomena involving raiding for wealth, competition over cor porate land ownership, and conquest warfare by complex chiefdoms and states aimed at maximizing the extraction of surpluses. My goal is to model warfare as imbedded within political economies with different goals and means based on sources of economic power. This is fundamentally a Marxist orientation, considering contrasting modes of economic organization representing competitive processes between interest groups. The Andean data suggest that warfare was elementally competition for corporately held agricultural lands intensified by facilities including especially irrigation. It varied in frequency and severity with population density increasing through time. With the emergence of institutional finance, however, overarching polities focus on conquest and intimidation to maximize surplus extraction as they imposed regional peace as documented for example by coastal EIP states and the Inca empire. Elaboration of offensive weaponry did not characterize Andean sequences in sharp contrast to Bronze and Iron Age Europe, suggesting distinctive trajectories of warfare. Key for success in Andean warfare was sizes of fighting forces as characterized by the numbers of sandals on the ground.
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Gromov, Alexey. "Linguistic Means for Creating Images in the Cyberpunk Novel by S. Lukyanenko “The Labyrinth of Reflections”". Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 53, n.º 3 (31 de maio de 2022): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2022-53-3-147-153.
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The article deals with the linguistic means of genre formation of the cyberpunk novel “Labyrinth of Reflections”. The process of analysis took place taking into account genre deformation: S. Lukyanenko presented an ideological and artistic innovation, which consists in including in the text of the novel the motif of “the human face”, of course, uncharacteristic for the cyberpunk genre. It was noted that, despite the departure from the canons of the genre, the language of the work has not lost its artistic power, still performing the function of genre formation. We studied such linguistic means as toponymy, which divides the space of the work into a real and virtual plan, occasional formations that actualize the signs of cyberpunk, terminological and borrowed vocabulary, which is the main means of stylizing the work, anthroponymy, which characterizes the plot-forming images, individual author’s metaphors, which perform a whole range of functions to create a virtual space and reflect the author’s intentions. The results of the study showed that the dominant language level of genre formation is lexical and stylistic, which primarily represents the artistic world of the novel as a spatio-temporal phenomenon identical to the world of “dystopia of the future”.
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Weeks, Samuel. "Langue de bois, or, discourse in defense of an offshore financial center". Journal of Language and Politics 20, n.º 2 (16 de fevereiro de 2021): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.18072.wee.
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Abstract This article brings together trends in Critical Discourse Analysis dating from the 1980s – which examine how language use and ideologies (re)produce social inequality – with current research in the social sciences on neoliberalism and other emerging politico-economic formations. The article addresses such a problematic with an empirical case: the language strategies, dubbed langue de bois, that people affiliated with Luxembourg’s offshore financial center employ to justify their practices. The contribution herein surveys the political rationality of the country’s financial center by analyzing the langue de bois that its representatives and boosters use. These language strategies, furthermore, enable Luxembourg’s finance elites to socialize the domestic public’s understanding of their activities.
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Matsuyama, Kiminori. "New Goods, Market Formations, and Pitfalls of System Design". Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 9, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1995): 376–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jjie.1995.1023.
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Nioche, Jean-Pierre, e Monique De Saint Martin. "Les trois tensions des formations françaises à la gestion". Entreprises et histoire 14, n.º 1 (1997): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eh.014.0005.
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Kulikova, Natalia Rashidovna, e Varvara Vladimirovna Danshina. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE OBJECTION OF FINANCIAL LITERACY GENEALOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF AN INNOVATIVE ECONOMY". Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 13, n.º 1 (2023): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2023-13-1-88-102.
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Financial literacy is an impossibility to find throughout the world due to the pedestal changing condition, great information potential, post-innovative changes. Such dynamics can lead to the fact that both the resistance and the introduction of new opportunities and risks. To remove the protection, it is objectively necessary to establish the purpose of the system of competence formation in the field of financial literacy, starting with the spheres of education, gde are sealed with the foundations of understanding financial literacy. As practice shows, for many people, the character does not want to get along and lead his first half of a financial letter before a serious mistake is created. This once again supports the relevance of the history of financial literacy. The development of a new system of gradually selected literacy should be started on a research database and definitions of appropriate methods and instrumental data formations, as well as priorities in the list of assessment methods and methods. Here, multiprocessing can be applied to performance-balanced systems, which allows you to evaluate and manage the process of re-processing data by identifying key performance indicators of formatting and distinguishing compilation values, and defining values in the terminology as a whole. Such an innovative podod for this area, based on an internal balanced system for assessing the total cost of a financial certificate, allows you to get access to more informed decisions, the completion of Finance. If the financial literacy of the population will grow, while the Russian red-haired will be more restrained, associated with the repetition of the population, and the economy will become more stable. Competent investments and reasonable management of personal finances can be the factor that will stimulate the development of the Russian economy.
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Koshanova, N., e Zh Yergubekova. "Features of Formations of Stable Phrases with the Words “Three”, “Four”, “Five” in Turkology". Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 122, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2021-4/2664-0686.01.
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The meaning of stable expressions of a language is often understandable to a person who speaks that language. However, the form and content are not always clear even to those who know their native language. After all, constant phrases, proverbs-sayings are the fruits of a long era. The semantic, symbolic nature of the reading in the composition of stable phrases and proverbs of languages, as well as the reason for their use in the composition of stable phrases take many incomprehensible moments for people.The fate of the language is connected with the history of the nation. Customs, traditions, social status, cultural level of the people are reflected in the language of this people. Due to the fact thatthe formation of numerals as part of stable expressions in our language is a historical category, we can say linguistic data reflecting the realities of life, customs, economic, living conditions of past eras.Stable expressions occupy a special place in Kazakh linguistics. By their nature, phraseological units are studied lexically, etymologically, morphologically, syntactically, stylistically, cognitively. However, there are many points that have yet to be explored. One of them is numerals as part of stable phrases in Kazakhlanguage, the definition of their semantic, etymological, stylistic, grammatical aspects. The specificity of the topic that becomes the object of research work is that it is connected with the history of the creation of stable expressions.
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Carnovale, Steven, e Sengun Yeniyurt. "The Role of Ego Networks in Manufacturing Joint Venture Formations". Journal of Supply Chain Management 50, n.º 2 (28 de março de 2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12015.
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Butko, Mykola P., Valeriy P. Kolosha e Oleh I. Rasskazov. "Strategic imperatives of institutionalization of the development of rural areas through the support of new type of agricultural formations". Regional Economy, n.º 4(110) (2023): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2023-4-6.
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The article emphasizes the need for the transformation of agro-industrial production as one of the leading sectors of the national economy, which over a long period of development was able to reach such a level that it not only covers domestic food needs but also occupies a significant niche in the world markets. The current stage of Ukraine’s development will undoubtedly lead to the entry of our state into international political, social, military, and economic structures. Overcoming the negative impact of the factors of the development of agro-industrial production is possible through a deep reform of the institutional environment for the development of rural areas and agro-industrial production. The main imperatives of such a strategy should include the creation and ensuring the effective functioning of integrated agricultural formations of a new type in connection with the development of communities. It should lead to the expansion, rationalization, and mutual coordination of the range of economic, social, and ecological interests of the state, local authorities and self-government, producers of agricultural products, and the rural population. The current stage of the country’s socio-economic development is determined by the need for post-war modernization and recovery of all spheres of life in Ukrainian society, requiring the selection and purposeful research of the most relevant types of agro-industrial integration, which would ensure activation and improvement of the efficiency of integration processes, including cooperatives and clusters. The article emphasizes that the support of agro-industrial formations of a new type based on ensuring the mutually agreed interests of food producers and rural areas should be achieved due to the synergetic effect of agro-industrial integration, which will significantly increase the effectiveness of such interaction. The authors prove that the state’s efforts in the process of post-war reconstruction of the region should focus on the development, approval, active implementation, and support of the agricultural formations, the effectiveness of which will depend not only on the development of rural areas but also on the entire country as a whole.
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Poulis, Konstantinos, Mo Yamin e Efthimios Poulis. "Domestic firms competing with multinational enterprises: The relevance of resource-accessing alliance formations". International Business Review 21, n.º 4 (agosto de 2012): 588–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.07.003.
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J. Hudson, Mark. "Towards a prehistory of the Great Divergence:". Documenta Praehistorica 46 (6 de dezembro de 2019): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.46-2.
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This essay argues that the primary socio-economic formations of premodern Japan were formed in the Bronze Age via processes of ancient globalisation across Eurasia. Multi-crop cereal agriculture combining rice, millet, wheat and barley with a minor contribution from domesticated animals spread from Bronze Age Korea to Japan at the beginning of the first millennium BC. This agricultural system gradually expanded through the archipelago while engendering new economic niches centred on trade, raiding and specialised fishing. From the fifth century AD the horse became widely used for warfare, transport and overseas trade. While alluvial rice farming provided staple finance for the early state, it is argued here that the concept of the ‘maritime mode of production’ better explains economic processes in the nonstate spaces of Japan until the early seventeenth century. Despite this diversity in socio-economic formations, the post-Bronze Age globalisation of food in Japan appears to have been delayed compared to many other regions of Eurasia and to have been less impacted by elite consumption. Further research is required to confirm this suggestion and the essay outlines several areas where archaeological research could contribute to debates over the ‘Great Divergence’ and the economic development of the modern world.
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J. Hudson, Mark. "Towards a prehistory of the Great Divergence:". Documenta Praehistorica 46 (6 de dezembro de 2019): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.46.2.
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This essay argues that the primary socio-economic formations of premodern Japan were formed in the Bronze Age via processes of ancient globalisation across Eurasia. Multi-crop cereal agriculture combining rice, millet, wheat and barley with a minor contribution from domesticated animals spread from Bronze Age Korea to Japan at the beginning of the first millennium BC. This agricultural system gradually expanded through the archipelago while engendering new economic niches centred on trade, raiding and specialised fishing. From the fifth century AD the horse became widely used for warfare, transport and overseas trade. While alluvial rice farming provided staple finance for the early state, it is argued here that the concept of the ‘maritime mode of production’ better explains economic processes in the nonstate spaces of Japan until the early seventeenth century. Despite this diversity in socio-economic formations, the post-Bronze Age globalisation of food in Japan appears to have been delayed compared to many other regions of Eurasia and to have been less impacted by elite consumption. Further research is required to confirm this suggestion and the essay outlines several areas where archaeological research could contribute to debates over the ‘Great Divergence’ and the economic development of the modern world.
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DOURRA, HUSSEIN, e PEPE SIY. "STOCK EVALUATION USING FUZZY LOGIC". International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 04, n.º 04 (agosto de 2001): 585–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024901001188.
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We use fuzzy logic engineering tools to detect human behavior in the finance arena, specifically in the technical analysis field. Since technical analysis theory consists of indicators used by experts to evaluate stock prices, the new proposed method maps these indicators into new inputs that can be fed into a fuzzy logic system. This system can create an optimum computerized model to evaluate stock price movement. This method relies on human psychology to predict human behavior when certain price movements or certain price formations occur. The success of the system is measured by comparing system output versus stock price movement. The new stock evaluation method is proven to exceed market performance and it can be an excellent tool in the technical analysis field. The flexibility of the system is also demonstrated.
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Brack, Estelle. "Amel Makhlouf L’émergence d’un droit international de la finance islamique : origines, formations et intégration en droit français. IRJF Editions, Paris, 2015." Confluences Méditerranée N° 96, n.º 1 (6 de abril de 2016): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/come.096.0164a.
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Joy, Justin, e Prasant Kumar Panda. "Pattern of public debt and debt overhang among BRICS nations: an empirical analysis". Journal of Financial Economic Policy 12, n.º 3 (19 de setembro de 2019): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-01-2019-0021.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the pattern of public debt in Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) in a comparative perspective. Besides, an attempt is made to verify the existence of debt overhang as suggested by Krugman (1988) among BRICS nations. Design/methodology/approach Annual panel data for BRICS for the period 1980-2016 has been used for the analysis. Percentage ratio method has been used to analyze the pattern of debt. Panel covariate augmented Dickey–Fuller (pCADF) test has been used to verify the time series properties of the variable, while panel cointegration test of Pedroni (1999) is used to check the existence of any co-integrating vector among the variables. Panel Granger causality test is used to check the causality between the variables. Findings Co-integration result suggests that there exists a strong long-run equilibrium relationship between debt service, domestic savings, capital formation and economic growth of BRICS nations. From Granger causality test, it is observed that domestic savings and capital formation are Granger caused by debt servicing. The coefficients from fully modified ordinary least squares measure a negative impact of debt service on gross capital formation and gross domestic saving. This suggests that the payment for debt service affects capital formation and gross domestic savings adversely. Thus, it gives primary signals for debt overhang effect in BRICS nations. Practical implications Allowing debt service to negatively affect the investment and potential investment will result in slowdown or stagnation in economic growth in the long run, so strategies need to be taken in BRICS nations to check the adverse effects of rising level of debt-service-payment-to-gross national income ratio on domestic savings and capital formation. BRICS nations need to reduce their debt service payment by undertaking appropriate strategy of debt overhaul and fiscal management so that domestic savings and capital formation in the country will not be adversely affected. Besides, BRICS nations need to take measures to augment its domestic savings and capital formations. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no published works have analyzed the pattern of public debt for BRICS (major developing nations). Debt servicing is also not checked for BRICS in recent papers, considering overhang approach.
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Klicheva, E. V., e V. I. Perov. "Practice of Municipal Control and Account Bodies Interaction in Conducting External Municipal Finance Control". Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, n.º 4 (29 de julho de 2018): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2018-4-87-93.
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The article studies the practice of municipal control and account bodies interaction in conducting external municipal control. The information about agreements on interaction and cooperation with such structures as control and account and finance bodies, law-enforcement bodies, other territorial divisions of federal bodies of power, bodies of power of entities of the Russian Federation and municipal formations was summarized and analyzed. Interaction of municipal control and account bodies is carried out at all stages of work, starting with planning and exchange of necessary information and finishing with sending the results of control and expert-analytical procedures to lawenforcement bodies and other concerned bodies so that steps within their competence can be taken. Within the frames of the said agreements joint meetings, conferences, round table discussions are conducted; employees of the control and account bodies are invited by law-enforcement bodies for participation in control procedures or rendering practical help; municipal control and account bodies send to law-enforcement bodies materials of control procedures so that steps within their competence can be taken; joint control and expert-analytical procedures with other control bodies are carried out; methodological aid on the part of control and account bodies of entities of the Russian Federation is rendered. To exchange experience control and account bodies take part in joint commissions, ad hoc groups, counsils. The authors put forward proposals aimed at improvement of the system of interaction of municipal control and account bodies with different organizations within the frames of their competences in order to raise the efficiency of external municipal finance control, which implies the decrease in corruption risks and provision of effective use of budget funds.
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Thang, Nguyen Cong, Tan Ngoc Vu, Trung Thanh Do, Vuong Minh Nguyen e Duc Hong Vo. "Systematic Risk in the Asia Pacific Region: A Clinical Death?" Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 23, n.º 02 (junho de 2020): 2050014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091520500149.
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Beta is considered an important measure of systematic risk which is arguably present in an emerging market. Daily data for 2200 Australian listed firms is collected for the January 2007–December 2016 period. Various portfolios are considered. Days with announcements (the a-day) related to crucial macroeconomic news are allocated into the group which is separated from the n-day (nonannouncement days) group. Findings indicate that beta is negatively related to daily expected excess returns in the announcement days in comparison with the nonannouncement days. It is the claim of this paper that portfolio formations do matter when empirical studies on asset pricing are conducted.
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Ma, Hengyun, Jikun Huang e Les Oxley. "Capital Formation and Agricultural Growth in China". Asian Economic Papers 12, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2013): 166–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00200.
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The paper considers the role and determinants of capital formation in Chinese agriculture and, in particular, the effects of capital formation on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth. The results show that capital investment in agriculture by both government and farmers has risen significantly in the past two and a half decades, particularly in recent years. As China remains in the early stages of agricultural policy transition, its political economy would suggest that there will likely be more public investment in, and more subsidies to, agriculture in the coming years. Increased public investment in agriculture appears to have also induced increased farmers' capital formation in agriculture. Credit policy, the overall growth of farmer's income, rural wages, and comparative advantage of commodities are important factors that may facilitate farmers' investment in agriculture. The results also show that the successful growth of China's agriculture has been associated with its high TFP growth. Both public and private agricultural capital formations have played an important role in raising China's agricultural productivity. The TFP decomposition analyses show that technological change is a primary driver of the TFP growth in China's agriculture.
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Karlinsky, Stewart S., e Hughlene A. Burton. "Dis-Incorporation of the American Business Model". ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 14, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr-51208.
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ABSTRACT The U.S. federal government raises most of its revenue from three sources: individual income tax, payroll tax, and corporate income tax. The corporate tax share of total federal revenue has declined dramatically over the last three decades, while tax from individual income has been consistent during the same period. There may be a number of reasons for the decrease in the contribution corporate income taxes make to federal revenues. One of those reasons may be that there has been a dramatic change in how businesses are being organized and operated in the United States. For many years, business entities could choose to operate as either a corporation or a partnership. However, currently, businesses can choose from a variety of entities in which to operate. This article will examine the changes in capital business formations and their impact on the federal revenue collected. In addition, the article will explore the tax policy implications of these new strategies.
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McGimpsey, Ian. "Late neoliberalism: Delineating a policy regime". Critical Social Policy 37, n.º 1 (8 de julho de 2016): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018316653552.
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In the aftermath of the financial crisis, policy-making in post-industrial nations has been widely characterised in terms of austerity. Yet this provides an insufficient basis for an understanding of social policy-making at this time. I argue for a ‘late neoliberal’ phase distinguished by a change in the regime governing the emergence of public service formations. I work from the example of UK policy discourse to demonstrate how in late neoliberalism austerity, social investment and localism operate in conjunction. Beyond fiscal constraint, this conjunction serves to move social policy on from ‘quasi-marketisation’ to reflect more closely the logic and forms of finance capital. The effects of this change can be seen in the reconstitution of ‘value’ in public services, how capital is distributed, and in the subjectivating force of policy. Ultimately late neoliberalism serves to sustain and reproduce familiar relations of domination.
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Hamidov, M. B., e O. Yu Kurnykin. "National-Territorial Delimitation in Central Asia in the 1920s: the Emergence of Border Disputes". Izvestiya of Altai State University, n.º 2(130) (15 de junho de 2023): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2023)2-08.
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The formation of the administrative borders of the Central Asian republics is connected with the historical events of the 1920s, the Bolshevik policy of division, or national-territorial demarcation of this vast Islamized region in the center of Eurasia. The Central Asian states that existed during the imperial period (Bukhara Emirate, Khiva and Kokand khanates), as well as during the initial period of Sovietization of the region (Turkestan ASSR, Bukhara NSR and Khorezm NSR) were not national entities. After the end of the Civil War, the Bolsheviks, within the framework of the "policy of self-determination of peoples", assumed that each state was to unite the population within a single nation, defined primarily by ethnicity. However, the implementation of these guidelines ran up against the lack of clear ethnic boundaries and the multiculturalism of the region; conflicts over the distribution of water, pasture, and minerals were not uncommon in the delimitation of borders. The territorial delimitation in the Fergana Valley, perceived by the Bolsheviks as a stronghold of the antiSoviet movement in Central Asia under the slogans of Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turkism, was especially difficult. It is no coincidence that the Fergana Valley, which was a single economic, cultural and historical complex, turned out to be divided between three state formations, the border disputes between which have not yet been finally resolved.
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ADELSTEIN, RICHARD. "Organizations and economics". Journal of Institutional Economics 6, n.º 1 (25 de janeiro de 2010): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409990129.
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Abstract:Judge Posner (2010) identifies organizational economics with the principal-agent problem and offers no definition of the crucial term organization, which leads him to force the principal-agent template on social formations that are not organizations and to neglect aspects of their operation that might be illuminated by alternative conceptions of organizational economics. This response offers an explicit characterization of organizations as central planning agencies, considers Posner's examples in light of the problems of purpose, information, and control faced by all central planners, and draws upon an emerging capabilities theory of organizations to extend the scope of Posner's analysis and suggest insights beyond those that flow from the principal-agent approach.
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Hewer, Paul, Martin Gannon e Renzo Cordina. "Discordant fandom and global football brands: ‘Let the people sing’". Journal of Consumer Culture 17, n.º 3 (18 de outubro de 2015): 600–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540515611199.
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This article has three main objectives. Our first is to turn to sport as a particularly illuminating and revealing example of consumer culture in the making. Marketplace logic suffuses consumer culture, and exploring practices of fandom as performed thus becomes particularly revealing of the tensions and contradictions which are thrown up when passions collide with finance and branding strategies. Our second objective is to mobilise this insight to further research on brand communities through better situating social practices as entangled in this heady nexus of passions, power and cultural politics. Through a netnographic analysis of forum posts from Celtic Football Club’s notorious ‘Green Brigade’ ultras-style fan-group, we focus on how such social formations forge counter-identities, which act not in harmony with the larger brand ethos but serve to legitimate and affirm a counter-philosophy. As such, our final objective is to better understand the roles of brand agitator and brand heretic as key roles within this contested social formation. Fandom as dramatic ritual and social drama brings in its wake contradictions and tensions especially when it goes toe-to-toe with the forces of economics, branding and marketing strategy. Here, a counter-brand community as we reveal mobilises marketplace logic and appears to adopt their own practices of mimicking brand strategising for their own ends, or as they assert, ‘Let the people sing’.
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RADIONOV, Yurii. "Genesis of public finances and their development in Ukraine". Fìnansi Ukraïni 2023, n.º 4 (4 de agosto de 2023): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2023.04.105.
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Introduction. Dynamic, systemic transformations in society impact the development of socio-economic relations and improvement of terminology. Financial science is constantly updated, enriched with new terms that reveal and/or expand the essential meaning of certain financial processes and phenomena. A new term “public finance” appeared, which has gained great popularity in the scientific economic literature, especially among scientists of Ukraine. Researching its essence is an important factor in better understanding not only the genesis of the origin, but also the meaning of modern finance. Problem Statement. Obtaining the status of a candidate for EU membership opens up new opportunities for Ukraine and imposes certain obligations on bringing domestic financial terminology to generally recognized international practice. It is necessary to decide on the composition of public finances, which should be in the system of managing the country's financial resources. After all, the reconstruction of the state after the war will require increased attention from the public regarding the accumulation, distribution, redistribution and use of financial resources in the priority directions of socio-economic development. The question of the effectiveness of management and use of financial resources today and in the near future will become an extremely urgent task of the entire system of the country's financial resources (Public Finance Management, PFM). The purpose is to determine the genesis of the concept, essence, composition, structure of public finances and prospects for their development. Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, theoretical generalization and abstract-logical. Results. The dominant definition of public finance, in addition to meeting public needs, is independence and autonomy, as well as transparent formation and completion of all stages of the budget process. Based on this concept, it can be argued that under the conditions of the Soviet system, due to the lack of transparent mechanisms for the formation of budget revenues and budget execution, it was state rather than public finances that existed. The emergence of public finances is closely related to the activities of public authorities, which represent the state as a social institution and perform its functions at all levels of government. The democratization of state institutions affected the activities of state structures, including financial institutions. It is the relations concerning the formation and use of finances to satisfy the needs and interests of the people using the mechanism of transparency and openness of public funds management that are the basis of the formation of public finances. This peculiarity is a characteristic feature that makes it possible to distinguish them from public finances. The author'sdefinition of the term “public finance” is proposed. Conclusions. The complexity and ambiguity of the interpretation of the term “public finance” among scientists has been proven, which reflects, on the one hand, the historical past of the financial system of Ukraine, and on the other hand, the essential specificity of this term. It is advisable to improve the conceptual apparatus of domestic financial science, in particular by carrying out relevant reforms, introducing the term “public finance” into practice and enshrining it at the legislative level. Transparency, openness of the authorities that dominate the financial and budgetary systems of Western European countries and help them better perform the functions of the state is a determining factor of public finances as a special type of modern financial and social relations.
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Edwards, Ryan W. J., e Michael A. Celia. "Infrastructure to enable deployment of carbon capture, utilization, and storage in the United States". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n.º 38 (4 de setembro de 2018): E8815—E8824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806504115.
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In February 2018, the United States enacted significant financial incentives for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) that will make capture from the lowest-capture-cost sources economically viable. The largest existing low-capture-cost opportunity is from ethanol fermentation at biorefineries in the Midwest. An impediment to deployment of carbon capture at ethanol biorefineries is that most are not close to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) fields or other suitable geological formations in which the carbon dioxide could be stored. Therefore, we analyze the viability of a pipeline network to transport carbon dioxide from Midwest ethanol biorefineries to the Permian Basin in Texas, which has the greatest current carbon dioxide demand for EOR and large potential for expansion. We estimate capture and transport costs and perform economic analysis for networks under three pipeline financing scenarios representing different combinations of commercial and government finance. Without government finance, we find that a network earning commercial rates of return would not be viable. With 50% government financing for pipelines, 19 million tons of carbon dioxide per year could be captured and transported profitably. Thirty million tons per year could be captured with full government pipeline financing, which would double global anthropogenic carbon capture and increase the United States’ carbon dioxide EOR industry by 50%. Such a development would face challenges, including coordination between governments and industries, pressing timelines, and policy uncertainties, but is not unprecedented. This represents an opportunity to considerably increase CCUS in the near-term and develop long-term transport infrastructure facilitating future growth.
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Shevchenko, Maria N. "AREAS OF OPTIMISATION OF PUBLIC FINANCES". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 12/17, n.º 153 (2024): 167–73. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.12.17.021.
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The article studies the structure of public finances, presents their principles, functions and content of the process and interrelations between the cycles of their accumulation, formation and distribution. The levels of public finance are presented taking into account the principles of client-oriented state. The priority directions of optimization of public finances and change of their role in the issue of development of social sphere of economy are formulated. The conducted research gives grounds to assert that in modern conditions the public finance system is based on decentralization, delegation of powers and responsibilities to the local level of management.
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Ruzhitsky, Igor. "The Concept of “tchelovek” in Dostoevsky’s Linguistic Worldview". Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 64, n.º 2 (31 de março de 2024): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2024-64-2-58-76.
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The paper, based on the material of Dostoevsky’s Idioglossary, argues that the core of the author’s thesaurus is the concept of ‘tchelovek’. The semantic structure of the word “tchelovek” is determined considering definitions in explanatory dictionaries, the peculiarities of its use in works of fiction, in literary essays and in writer’s letters. The idiostyle features of the word “tchelovek” are demonstrated in the use of the word form “tcheloveki”, new formations, individual author’s attributes, which often perform an evaluative function, etc. Attention is paid to the coordinative connections of the word “tchelovek”, its parataxis. Conclusions are based on the analysis of generalized statements including this ideologeme, which makes it possible to determine the areas of intersection of the text semantic field “tchelovek” with other textual semantic fields.
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Oliynyk, O., V. Makogon, O. Skoromna, V. Mischenko e S. Brik. "SHORT-TERM CREDITING EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS". Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 3, n.º 38 (30 de junho de 2021): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v3i38.237461.
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Abstract. Cash gaps in the financing of the agricultural enterprises determine the attraction of the borrowed funds, which contributes to the growth of the production, allows restructuring the technological base on an innovative basis and is the key to the growing dynamics of their own. Due to this, the management of the attraction and the efficient use of the borrowed funds is one of the most important functions of the agricultural formations management. At the same time, the subordination of the agricultural production to the law of diminishing returns causes dysfunctions in the formation of the financial leverage effect, which reduces the efficiency of the use of the credit resources to finance the production costs of the agricultural producers. In particular, the assessment of the effectiveness of the borrowed capital by the agricultural enterprises from the standpoint of the classical approach in calculating the financial leverage effect showed that the latter ignores the law of diminishing returns, which leads to the erroneous conclusions as to the feasibility of using short-term loans to finance the operating costs. Taken together, this necessitates the substantiation of new scientific and methodological approaches to the organization of effective short-term crediting to the agricultural producers.
The results of the research show that the declining payback of increasing the intensity of the agricultural production significantly affects the effectiveness of the credit resources to finance the operating costs. The methodological tools tested during the research allowed to establish a decrease in the optimal level of the production intensity under the conditions of credit coverage of part of the costs compared to their self-financing. Besides it has been determined that under the conditions of combining own and borrowed funds, the optimal level of production intensity does not depend on the structure of the working capital by the financing sources. Along with this, there are well-founded approaches that allow calculating the level of the credit coverage of the costs, at which, without reducing the expected profit in terms of self-financing, much larger volumes of the marketable products become achievable. In addition, it is established that the reduction of the optimal level of the production intensity under the use of the credit resources is proportional to the level of the interest rates. It is all the more significant the higher are the interest rates.
Keywords: credit, loan interest, financial leverage effect, attracted capital, the law of diminishing returns, own working capital, expenses, profitability.
JEL Classification C67, E47, Q14
Formulas: 10; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 14.
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Marcus, George E. "Law in the Development of Dynastic Families Among American Business Elites: The Domestication of Capital and the Capitalization of Family". Family Business Review 4, n.º 1 (março de 1991): 75–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1991.00075.x.
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American dynastic business families as descent groups constitute a category of social organization with which anthropologists have been traditionally familiar, but in the unlikely setting of a complex, bureaucratized society. This paper examines aspects of such groups and argues that law has been a critical organizational resource in their development. Law does not merely impinge at times on family concerns, but becomes an integral dimension of extended family relations in the arrangements for perpetuating collective wealth as business capital, and in distributing individual entitlements to that wealth among descendants. A general model of family/ business formations is presented, supported by a comparative discussion of two dynastic families of Galveston, Texas.
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García Mac Gaw, Carlos. "The Ancient Mode of Production, the City-State and Politics". Historical Materialism 28, n.º 1 (21 de novembro de 2019): 215–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-00001392.
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Abstract This paper briefly examines the concept of the ancient mode of production as expressed in Karl Marx’s Formations. It looks at how twentieth-century Marxist historiography picks up this concept in its characterisation of the Greco-Roman city-state. It explores the feasibility of the use of the concept in relation to the advancement of knowledge of the city-state, especially through the development of archaeology. It examines how social classes are structured and relations of exploitation are presented. And it analyses the need for politics in the organisation of this socio-economic form in terms of how it is joined up with the social relations of production.
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Lubbock, Rowan. "Geopolitical Economy and the Chimera of Hegemony". Historical Materialism 27, n.º 1 (29 de março de 2019): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-00001508.
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Abstract This review critically engages with Radhika Desai’s concept of geopolitical economy as a framework for understanding the evolution of the capitalist state system. While presenting a useful challenge to many of the most deeply-held beliefs in International Relations theory, Desai’s over-reliance on a geopolitical lens produces a relatively one-sided account of the ways in which capitalism forges distinct international regimes and ideological formations under a given set of historical conditions of possibility. Thus, Desai’s somewhat opaque reading of the international relations of capitalism clouds our understanding of what the current conjuncture might entail for any possible future beyond the social discipline of capital.
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Shainoha, A. "Public finance as a component of the financial system". 101, n.º 101 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2311-2379-2021-101-15.
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The article focuses on the analysis of the dynamics and current state of development of public finances in Ukraine. Theoretical aspects of the public finance system are considered, namely: their essence, functions and structure, as well as the modern public finance system of Ukraine, its structure and components. Public finance is a key component of Ukraine's financial system, which owns more than half of all financial resources and includes various financial institutions that perform state functions. The multifunctionality of public finances determines their extensive structure, the main component of which is the State Budget. The implementation of the State Budget of Ukraine for nine years (2013-2021) as a key component of public finances was analyzed. The analysis of the revenue and expenditure part of the State Budget of Ukraine for four years (2018-2021) was conducted, and the shortcomings of the formation and use of budget funds were identified.The study identified the main problems and shortcomings of the public finance system of Ukraine, where the central place is occupied by problems with the formation and use of budget funds and inefficient functioning, resulting in persistent budget deficits, rising debt burden and tax pressure on the population. To eliminate the budget deficit, it is necessary to reduce the number of expenditure items and conduct careful control over expenditures. This paper has developed proposals to improve the state and efficiency of the public finance system, eliminate existing problems of revising and reducing the share of expenditures, increase revenue through non-tax revenues and give autonomy to local governments, which will reduce excessive centralization of the budget system and improve financial position of the state.
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Volyk, Serhii. "Innovation and investment potential of the agrarian sector subjects of the economy: essence and relationship of its components". Actual problems of innovative economy and law 2023, n.º 4 (26 de dezembro de 2023): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2023-4-7.
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The essence and structure of the innovation and investment potential of the economy have been studied. The main approaches to consideration and determination of critical directions of formation of innovation and investment potential to meet the requirements of expanded reproduction of the economy have been organized. The main principles of establishing the essence of innovation and investment potential are substantiated, among which this definition should: reveal the meaning of this concept as potential through capacity (ability); identify the base, the foundation of its formation – available resources, as well as investment sources; take into account the ability of subjects to absorb possible resources due to their ability to use innovative activities to finance investments; take into account the innovative ability to realize the innovation and investment potential. It is proposed to understand the innovation and investment potential of agricultural business entities as the actual or potential ability of the business entity to use innovations in its production and management systems through the involvement of investment support tools for modeling the complex concept of strategic management of the enterprise, consisting of individual elements, is based on certain principles and methods. It is substantiated that the structure of the innovation-investment model of the development of agrarian formations includes separate blocks of innovation opportunities, primarily in the production and management spheres of economic entities, which are currently basic in determining their investment attractiveness and thus are decisive in the system of generation, implementation and realization in strategic management potential opportunities for ensuring the competitive development of agricultural enterprises. Keywords: potential, innovation potential, investment potential, innovation-investment potential, investment resources, innovation activity.
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Batou, Jean. "Structure and Dynamics of Islamic Social Formations (Seventh–Fourteenth Century)". Historical Materialism 30, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2022): 164–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-20221985.
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Abstract From the seventh to the fourteenth century, the Muslim world’s key actors were free peasants working limited and scattered cultivated areas, whose communities paid heavy taxes. A distinct nomadic mode of production dominated the arid lands and their warlike pastoral tribes. Wealthy merchants and artisans controlled urban ideological production, living next to actual ruling classes, who drew exceptional material privileges from their proximity to the state. Since the latter’s status contradicted the contractual community’s values, political power was socially alienated and needed support from paid soldiers and often co-opted religious notables. The author describes Islamic social formations as real flesh-and-blood beings who developed original features on the same tributary mode of production’s skeleton. He shows that comparable dialectical oppositions enlivened them, stemming from uneven and combined development processes. Thus, their states and villages, barren lands and city markets, contractual ideology and monarchical powers were permanently in conflictual interaction.
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Hakken, David. "Computing and the Crisis: The Significant Role of New Information Technologies in the Current Socio-economic Meltdown". tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, n.º 2 (28 de agosto de 2010): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v8i2.161.
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There is good reason to be concerned about the long-term implications of the current crisis for the reproduction of contemporary social formations. Thus there is an urgent need to understand it character, especially its distinctive features. This article identifies profound ambiguities in valuing assets as new and key economic features of this crisis, ambiguities traceable to the dominant, “computationalist” computing used to develop new financial instruments. After some preliminaries, the article identifies four specific ways in which computerization of finance is generative of crisis. It then demonstrates how computationalist computing is linked to other efforts to extend commodification based on the ideology of so-called “intellectual property” (IP). Several other accounts for the crisis are considered and then demonstrated to have less explanatory value. After considering how some commons-oriented (e.g., Free/Libre and/or Opening Source Software development projects) forms of computing also undermine the IP project, the article concludes with a brief discussion of what research on Socially Robust and Enduring Computing might contribute to fostering alternative, non-crisis generative ways to compute.
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Hakken, David. "Computing and the Crisis: The Significant Role of New Information Technologies in the Current Socio-economic Meltdown". tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, n.º 2 (28 de agosto de 2010): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol8iss2pp205-220.
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There is good reason to be concerned about the long-term implications of the current crisis for the reproduction of contemporary social formations. Thus there is an urgent need to understand it character, especially its distinctive features. This article identifies profound ambiguities in valuing assets as new and key economic features of this crisis, ambiguities traceable to the dominant, “computationalist” computing used to develop new financial instruments. After some preliminaries, the article identifies four specific ways in which computerization of finance is generative of crisis. It then demonstrates how computationalist computing is linked to other efforts to extend commodification based on the ideology of so-called “intellectual property” (IP). Several other accounts for the crisis are considered and then demonstrated to have less explanatory value. After considering how some commons-oriented (e.g., Free/Libre and/or Opening Source Software development projects) forms of computing also undermine the IP project, the article concludes with a brief discussion of what research on Socially Robust and Enduring Computing might contribute to fostering alternative, non-crisis generative ways to compute.