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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Forensic sciences"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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1

Franco, Deivison. "The Importance of Research in Forensic Sciences and Digital Forensics in Contemporary Society". International Journal of Forensic Sciences 8, n.º 4 (2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000336.

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Dear readers and researchers, It is with great pleasure that, as a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Forensic Sciences (IJFSC), I share with you some reflections on the significant importance of Forensic Sciences for society and for the elucidation of crimes, with a special emphasis on Digital Forensics in the context of cybercrime investigations.

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2

Loera, Omar Mireles. "Virtual Experiments in Forensic Sciences". International Journal of Forensic Sciences 8, n.º 3 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000317.

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Given that it is not practical to collide several vehicles to try to repeat the damage pattern of a damaged vehicle, just as it is not possible to set fire to several industrial warehouses to analyze the pattern of fire behavior inside a warehouse where the origin of the fire, the forensic expert must have contemporary techniques that allow him to carry out non-invasive experimentation with the aim of repeating the conditions in which an event occurred. In this paper, the fundamentals of mathematical modeling of forensic phenomena are presented, as well as some examples of virtual experimentation applications used in judicialized cases.

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Lynch, Virginia A. "Forensic Nursing Science: An Evolution of the Global Forensic Sciences". Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil Universitesi, Yeni Yuzyil Journal of Medical Sciences 2, n.º 4 (13 de outubro de 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46629/jms.2021.51.

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4

Giannelli, Paul C. "Forensic sciences". Journal of Legal Medicine 19, n.º 3 (setembro de 1998): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01947649809511072.

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5

Cichowicz, Stanley M. "Forensic Sciences". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1989): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.1.69.

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6

Cichowicz, Stanley M. "Forensic Sciences". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1991): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.1.113b.

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7

Cichowicz, Stanley M. "Forensic Sciences". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 75, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1992): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/75.1.89.

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8

Cichowicz, Stanley M. "Forensic Sciences". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1993): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.1.105.

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9

Cichowicz, Stanley M. "Forensic Sciences". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1994): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.1.129.

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10

Cichowicz, Stanley M. "Forensic Sciences". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1995): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.1.128.

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11

Yaremchuk, V. "Innovative approaaches in criminalistics and forensic". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, n.º 79 (25 de outubro de 2023): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.79.2.42.

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The world changes every day. New means of committing criminal offenses require innovative and modern methods of their disclosure. It is important to introduce the newest, innovative means and methods of activity to forensic science and forensic examination. In the conditions of war in Ukraine, new fields of both criminalistics and forensic examination are developing due to the commission of a large number of military criminal offenses. Help in the investigation is provided by colleagues from other countries who use innovative methods and techniques, implemented in various countries of the world. The problems of introducing innovations in criminalistics and forensic examination were studied by such scientists as M.V. Danshin, V.A. Zhuravel, I.I. Kogutych, V.O. Konovalova, V.Yu. Shepitko, V.V. Yusupov and others. Modern trends in the formation of innovative directions in the system of forensic knowledge indicate the need to expand the boundaries of forensic knowledge and use innovative scientific knowledge from various applied and fundamental sciences developed in different countries of the world. It is worth noting the existence of related scientific research, where forensic knowledge and knowledge of chemistry are applied in European countries. Data on new digital technologies should also be used in forensics and forensics to detect and investigate criminal offences. During the war, joint investigative groups were created, which include criminalistics and forensic experts from such European countries as Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Slovakia and Romania. Therefore, innovative approaches to the formation of many sciences are used all over the world today. The science of criminalistics and forensic examination did not bypass this process. The system of criminalistics and forensic examination is constantly developing in connection with changes in scientific knowledge from fundamental and applied sciences in the world. There are proposals to create new subdivisions of the science of forensics, namely, aerocriminalistics, criminalistic advocacy, forensic graphology, etc., to change the meaning of existing terms, introducing innovative approaches. Today, the content of the science of criminalistics and forensic examination is understood differently in different countries. International cooperation is also important for Ukrainian scientists and forensic experts, which has become especially necessary in the conditions of the war in Ukraine.

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12

Kessler, Gary C., e Gregory H. Carlton. "Exploring Myths in Digital Forensics". International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 9, n.º 4 (outubro de 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2017100101.

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Digital forensic methodology deviates significantly relative to the methods of other forensic sciences for numerous practical reasons, and it has been largely influenced by factors derived from the inception and evolution of this relatively new and rapidly changing field. Digital forensics methodology was developed more by practitioners in its early days rather than by computer scientists. This led to accepted best practices in the field that may not represent the best or, at least, tested, science. This paper explores some of these differences in the practice and evolution between digital and other forensic sciences, and recommends scientific approaches to apply to many digital forensic practice rituals.

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13

Czebe, András. "Fuzzy logic behind forensic identity". Belügyi Szemle 68, n.º 2 (15 de setembro de 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz.spec.2020.2.1.

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With the development of forensic sciences during the 20th century, macro-scaled empirical relations were supplemented with micro- and submicro-scaled probability relations. High sensitivity analysis methods imposed increasingly stringent criteria on the science of individualization. This process even labelled those traditional forensic sciences junks, which rely heavily on an indefinable set of characteristics in order to achieve individuality. However, this has not led to a systematic change in the judicial interpretation of expert evidence. In this paper I will therefore address the theoretical question: What logic lies behind forensic identity? In order to answer this question, I conducted explanatory research in the fields of forensics, criminal law, philosophy and logic. Following the collection and interpretation of qualitative data, such as the relevant literature, legislation and case law, I came to the conclusion that fuzzy logic lies behind forensic identity.

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Chango, Xavier, Omar Flor-Unda, Pedro Gil-Jiménez e Hilario Gómez-Moreno. "Technology in Forensic Sciences: Innovation and Precision". Technologies 12, n.º 8 (26 de julho de 2024): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies12080120.

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The advancement of technology and its developments have provided the forensic sciences with many cutting-edge tools, devices, and applications, allowing forensics a better and more accurate understanding of the crime scene, a better and optimal acquisition of data and information, and faster processing, allowing more reliable conclusions to be obtained and substantially improving the scientific investigation of crime. This article describes the technological advances, their impacts, and the challenges faced by forensic specialists in using and implementing these technologies as tools to strengthen their field and laboratory investigations. The systematic review of the scientific literature used the PRISMA® methodology, analyzing documents from databases such as SCOPUS, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, and ProQuest. Studies were selected using a Cohen Kappa coefficient of 0.463. In total, 63 reference articles were selected. The impact of technology on investigations by forensic science experts presents great benefits, such as a greater possibility of digitizing the crime scene, allowing remote analysis through extended reality technologies, improvements in the accuracy and identification of biometric characteristics, portable equipment for on-site analysis, and Internet of things devices that use artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. These alternatives improve forensic investigations without diminishing the investigator’s prominence and responsibility in the resolution of cases.

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15

Davis, Joseph H. "Forensic Sciences under Scrutiny: Forensic Pathology". Academic Forensic Pathology 1, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2011): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2011.057.

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16

Eckert, William G., Thomas T. Noguchi e T. C. Chao. "Geographic forensic medicine and forensic sciences". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 6, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1985): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-198512000-00015.

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17

Jota Baptista, Catarina, Fernanda Seixas, José Manuel Gonzalo-Orden e Paula A. Oliveira. "Wildlife Forensic Sciences: A Tool to Nature Conservation towards a One Health Approach". Forensic Sciences 2, n.º 4 (17 de dezembro de 2022): 808–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2040058.

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Wildlife forensics is a science field with a remarkable potential to provide accurate information regarding nature conservation and One Health. Wildlife crimes are now a persistent target of public opinion and the concern of conservation professionals, which is constantly putting pressure on governmental and non-governmental entities. Moreover, the cross-species transmission of pathogens is becoming more and more frequent, endangering the interconnected health of humans, animals and the environment (One Health). This review intends to briefly present and illustrate the potential of wildlife forensic sciences not only in crime solving, but also regarding health sciences and species conservation. By allowing target species identification, recreating the crime scene, and considering their contribution to diseases and ecosystems’ surveillance, wildlife forensics are now constantly developing and improving. A cooperative and multidisciplinary approach (with the inclusion of forensic sciences) is necessary to avoid wildlife crimes, disease outbreaks, environmental disasters and to promote a sustainable and healthy future for all the living beings.

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18

Collier, Paul A., e Barry J. Spaul. "Information Systems Forensics". Journal of Information Technology 5, n.º 3 (setembro de 1990): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629000500303.

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This paper discusses some current issues and methods related to the investigation and successful prosecution of crimes committed with or against computerized information systems. The paper maintains that a new extension to the forensic sciences is a major requirement in the fight against computer misuse and that this new branch of forensic science be called Information Systems Forensics.

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19

Shepitko, Valerii. "Theoretical and methodological model of criminalistics and its new directions". Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 25, n.º 3 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.3.2021.02.

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This research paper purpose is to find out tendencies of development of criminalistics in globalized world, define its borders, forecast emergence of new directions and to characterize them. Theoretical and methodological model of criminalistics is studied, tendencies and specifics of formation of criminalistics in modern conditions are traced. Formation of internal structure of criminalistics (its system) is considered, connection with other sciences (natural sciences, humanities, social, formal) is determined, relationship with forensic sciences (forensicmedicine, forensic toxicology, forensic psychology, forensic chemistry, etc.) and forensic expertology is established. Attention is drawn to the orientation of the forensic vector of Ukraine to a single forensic European space. Necessity of creating a new section in the structure of criminology, namely: forensic strategy is substantiated. Origin specifics, formation and development of new branches (directions) of criminology are considered: competitive, judicial, medical, genotypic, aerospace, computer (digital) and nuclear ones. Necessity of using forensic knowledge by different parties in criminal proceedings both in while of pretrial investigation and in legal proceedings is argued. The subjects of specific expertise application of forensic knowledge should be not only the investigator, but prosecutor, investigating judge, interrogator, detective, judge, lawyer. Emergence of new branches of criminology is associated with scientific and technological progress, the emergence of new technologies, the need to work with specific traces and complexity of collecting and examining evidence. Special attention is paid to development and formation of medical, digital and nuclear forensics.

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20

Barinov, Evgeniy H., Pavel L. Ivanov, Natalya A. Romanko, Evgeny V. Kononov e Artem V. Goryachev. "In memory of Professor Vladimir Alexandrovich Klevno". Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 9, n.º 3 (19 de outubro de 2023): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/fm15173.

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On August 25, 2023, forensic medicine in Russia suffered an irreparable loss: our colleague and friend, the editor-in-chief of the journal Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine, Professor Vladimir A. Klevno, passed away. The article provides information about the life and creative path of a prominent figure of Russian forensic medicine, MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor Vladimir A. Klevno health care organiser, head of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Faculty of Forensic Medicine of the Vladimirsky Moscow Medical Institute, certified doctor in forensic medicine and health care organisation, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, member of the Council of the National Medical Chamber, president of the Association of Forensic Medicine and editor-in-chief Russian Journal of Forensiс Medicine.

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21

Vieira, Duarte Nuno. "Forensic Medicine And Forensic Sciences in Portugal". Bulletin of Legal Medicine 14, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2009): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2009141689.

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The first legal texts to contain any rules relating forensic medicine expertises in Portugal date back to the 16th century. But the qualitative leap that actually allowed Portuguese Forensic Medicine to develop, bringing it to the stage where it is today, only occurred three centuries later, in the 19th century. Indeed, the first university teaching of forensic medicine appeared in 1836, with independent courses bearing this title, and in 1899 the first official forensic medical services were set up. A number of changes took place thereafter, and throughout the 20th century, always serving to improve the system. They culminated in a thorough reorganisation of the entire framework of forensic medicine in Portugal in the transition from the 20th to the 21st century, more exactly in 2000/1001. This consisted of unifying the Portuguese forensic medical services in a single National Institute of Legal (Forensic) Medicine (“Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal” - INML). In the following pages we shall concentrate particularly on the present situation of forensic medicine and other forensic sciences in Portugal and on the glimmering future prospects.

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22

Kuznetsov, V. O. "Domain Forensic Sciences: A Modern Perspective on the Problem". Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 18, n.º 3 (9 de novembro de 2023): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-3-28-41.

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The article discusses the provision on the domain forensic sciences of the concept of forensic expertology developed in the 1970s by A.I. Vinberg and N.T. Malakhovskaya. The author reveals the essence of domain forensic sciences as the sciences, serving as the substantiating knowledge for specific genera (types) of forensic examinations. The article summarizes the controversial aspects on the domain forensic sciences, and also demonstrates the development of this provision in the modern forensic expertology and expert practice of a number of forensic examinations. The author has also attempted to outline the prospects for the development of the provision on the domain forensic sciences in terms of formation of forensic expert sciences basing on the modern ideas about the directions of integration of scientific knowledge, as well as in the aspects of deducing the laws studied by forensic sciences and determining the functions performed by them. Finally, it is concluded that the concept of forensic (forensic expert) sciences is promising for the development of the general theory of modern forensic expertology, as well as its relevance in connection with the active introduction of new types of forensic examinations in recent years.

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23

Andrić, Sanela D., e Aleksandar B. Ivanović. "Forensic Sciences and Ethics in the Era of Application of Artificial Intelligence". Kriminalističke teme 23, n.º 3-4 (26 de dezembro de 2023): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51235/kt.2023.23.3-4.95.

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Forensic sciences are an indispensable segment of criminal investigations. Forensics, as a dynamic science that is constantly developing, follows the development of modern scientific trends. The application of artificial intelligence has not bypassed forensic science, which by definition discovers modern scientific methods, adapts them and applies them with the aim of discovering and interpreting (expert) material traces from the scene of a crime. With the initial optimism of the application of artificial intelligence, especially in the development and application of information technologies in forensic databases, comes (un)justified caution. If artificial intelligence were to take over the simulation of shell, cognitive thinking and decision-making more and more over time, the question of ethical responsibility arises. This raises a number of questions, one of the most important of which is who is responsible in the event of an error in the analysis. Furthermore, if artificial intelligence also takes over the interpretations of forensic analyses, who in that case bears the responsibility for a possible complaint about the end result - the opinion. Our paper will deal with the mentioned problems, emphasizing that the European Union, through the ENFSI network, was the first to react in the direction of studying the application of artificial intelligence in forensic sciences, with the strategic document ENFSI - Vision of the European Forensic Science Area 2030 „Improving the reliability and validity of forensic science and encouraging implementation of new technologies“, the most important parts of which will be presented in the paper.

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Kęskiewicz, Anna. "INTRODUCTION TO FORENSICS - APPLICATION OF NATURAL SCIENCES". International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 4, n.º 2 (30 de dezembro de 2018): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0014.

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A well-known forensic material used in forensic technique is carbon monoxide on environment. In literature an important element that makes it difficult to assess the circumstances of fatal poisoning is the individual way of reacting the body to the action of carbon monoxide. Often staying in the same conditions cause that some people are poisoned while others alive. ''Introduction to forensics - application of natural sciences '' is a scientific presentation in order to disseminate preventive methods. The policy on environment is undoubtedly a theme to these important research methods. In order to analyze in the written work that toxic gas in strictly defined cases are the base of evidence. Empirical studies on the example of environmental protection included: quantitative analysis based on the Legalis Legal Information System, directions, noticeable tendencies in described scope, results of empirical research. Toxic gases on environment are used in the evaluation of the material for palynological analyze. The study took into account the analysis of the most suitable places on the body or clothing for taking palynological samples. The analysis covered whether the forensic traces of carbon dioxide recorded on the surface of the body or clothing, reflect the composition of vegetation occurring in the area of research and whether they can be used to mark the time of the event. The obtained results indicate that traces of carbon dioxide may be useful in determining the time of the event in practice in forensic science.

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Bintang, Rauhulloh Ayatulloh, Rusydi Umar e Anton Yudhana. "Analisis Media Sosial Facebook Lite dengan tools Forensik menggunakan Metode NIST". Techno (Jurnal Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto) 21, n.º 2 (17 de novembro de 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/techno.v21i2.8494.

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Social Media is becoming very popular among the public today, and the increasing number of social media use has of course a good or bad impact on the course of human life, for example the bad impact is doing cyberbully or chating on social media. Digital forensics is one of the sciences for how to catch criminals in digital which will be needed in evidence in court. Social media criminals need Smartphones to commit digital cybercrime. This research will raise evidence of digital crimes on the Facebook Lite application using forensics. In this study, the forensic tool that will be used is the MOBILEedit Forensic Pro forensic tools with the help of using methods NIST National Institute Of Standars Techlogogy. NIST has a good workflow for extracting digital forensic data. The research results will be obtained in the form of accounts Id, audio, conversations, and images

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26

Petrétei, Dávid. "Criminalistics, police science, forensic sciences – reflections on the anniversary of the Hungarian Association of Police Science". Belügyi Szemle 72, n.º 5 (25 de maio de 2024): 893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz-ajia.2025.v73.i5.pp893-908.

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Aim: The article aims to explain the various concepts, tasks and interfaces of criminalistics, and to explore their relationship with police and forensic science, which often vary from author to author. Methodology: The study provides a synthesis by analysing domestic and foreign literature. Findings: Criminalistics is a possible and forward-looking formulation of the general methodology of fact-finding for law enforcement purposes, a scientific cognition within a legal framework, for legal purposes. It has a co-extensive relationship with law enforcement, with numerous interfaces and mutual interactions throughout their history. Forensic science is framed by criminalistics, but they are not identical. Value: The paper presents the complex relationship between forensic science and criminalistics, attempts to define forensic science, and discusses the Sydney Declaration and its significance.

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Petrétei, Dávid. "Criminalistics, police science, forensic sciences – reflections on the anniversary of the Hungarian Association of Police Science". Belügyi Szemle 72, n.º 5 (25 de maio de 2024): 773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz-ajia.2024.v72.i5.pp773-789.

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Aim: The article aims to explain the various concepts, tasks and interfaces of criminalistics, and to explore their relationship with police and forensic science, which often vary from author to author. Methodology: The study provides a synthesis by analysing domestic and foreign literature. Findings: Criminalistics is a possible and forward-looking formulation of the general methodology of fact-finding for law enforcement purposes, a scientific cognition within a legal framework, for legal purposes. It has a co-extensive relationship with law enforcement, with numerous interfaces and mutual interactions throughout their history. Forensic science is framed by criminalistics, but they are not identical. Value: The paper presents the complex relationship between forensic science and criminalistics, attempts to define forensic science, and discusses the Sydney Declaration and its significance.

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AOKI, KIMIKO, e YUKIO KUROIWA. "Immunoassays in forensic sciences." Eisei kagaku 33, n.º 4 (1987): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.33.227.

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Eckert, William G. "Forensic Sciences and Medicine". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 11, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1990): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-199012000-00015.

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Hiss, Jehuda. "FORENSIC SCIENCES IN ISRAEL". Lancet 334, n.º 8666 (setembro de 1989): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90872-6.

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Ewing, Charles Patrick. "Developments in forensic sciences". Behavioral Sciences & the Law 10, n.º 4 (1992): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370100402.

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Shepitko, M. "CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRIMINALISTICS AND FORENSIC SCIENCES". Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences 1 (16 de junho de 2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/acfs.1.2020.07.

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Traditionally, Forensic Sciences and Criminalistics are considered to be kindred sciences which are supposed to discover the truth in legal proceedings by developing the methods of research and evidence assessment. Criminalistics and Forensic Sciences are a reflection of different periods of the formation of science, which was developing in different schools and, accordingly, scientific areas with the use of legal, technical, tactical and methodological capabilities that were in the arsenal of its best representatives. In general, criminalistic research in different countries is carried out depending on the variability of legal and scientific-technical factors that affect its form and content. At the same time, it should be noted there had been different schools and approaches, what enabled the formation of two criminalistic sciences in different parts of the world “Criminalistics” and “Forensic Sciences”. Criminalistcs is traditionally a “mother” science for both “Forensic Examination” and “Forensic Sciences” in general, because its initiated methodology (subject, system, methods) is primary for these sciences. The subject of Forensic Ezamination is inseparable from Criminalistics, as it allows creation and usage of methods developed through the application of rules and algorithms that had been developed by Criminalistics. The use of criminalistc tactics allows shaping the position of a forensic expert in court. Some types of forensic examinations are called criminalistic. Instead Forensic Sciences offer guidance and technology that forensic experts rely on. At the same time, Forensic Sciences take care of the formation of the testimony of forensic experts in court. It is also important for forensic scientists to give credit to Criminalistics for traditional approaches to the theory of identification, conduct, individualization and assessment of physical evidence. The conducted research made it possible to stress not only the possibility of situational synonymous use of “Criminalistics” and “Forensic Sciences”, as well as “Forensic Examination” and “Forensic Sciences”, but also to indicate that the mentioned sciences continue rapprochement and exchange, and this is enhanced by scientific and technological progress and globalization of the world. A significant role in this process play non-governmental and non-profit organizations of criminalistic, forensic research and forensic purposes, which conduct joint activities, develop and provide methods, declare certain inventions and specifics of the use of certain technical means for research purposes.

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Janković, Bojan. "THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING FORENSICS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS". Revizor 26, n.º 101 (4 de maio de 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56362/rev23101001j.

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The lack of quality forensic analysis of financial reports and records, as a result of the lack of forensic accounting experts and implementation framework, is a real problem in combating financial crime. Forensic accounting can serve as a potential tool to combat financial crime and to identify and track cases of financial crime. In criminal proceedings, accounting forensics can have different roles, starting from financial forensics, expert, witness and professional adviser. The aim of this paper is to point out the significant role of accounting forensics in criminal proceedings.

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Kroz, M. V., e N. A. Ratinova. "History and Current State of Forensic Analysis of Extremist Materials". Theory and Practice of Forensic Science, n.º 3(43) (30 de setembro de 2016): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/64/1819-2785-2016-3-146-154.

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The paper looks at the history and current state of forensic analysis of the content and intentionality of contentious (extremist) materials. It discusses different approaches based in linguistics, psychology, and social sciences/humanities, as well as issues relating to integrated forensic psycholinguistic analysis. Techniques and methodological recommendations described in the paper were developed by the experts of the Research Institute for Law and Order of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, various national forensic organizations, such as the Russian Federal Center of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, the Forensic Science Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, forensic divisions of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, and members of the scientific community. Generic methodologies (linguistic and psycholinguistic) proposed by government agency specialists for the forensic evaluation of extremism manifestations are discussed, including the level of methodological sophistication, and the problem of methodological harmonization in this field of forensics.

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Beaudoin, Alexandre. "Bridging forensic sciences and management: forensic assessment of technologies effectiveness pre-acquisition index for forensic sciences laboratories". International Journal of Forensic Engineering and Management 1, n.º 3 (2023): 277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijfem.2023.136381.

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Yousefsaber, Fatemeh, Zeinab Naseri e Amir Hosein Hasani. "A Short Review of Forensic Microbiology". Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection 9, n.º 2 (29 de junho de 2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.14.

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Background: Microbial forensics is a multidisciplinary area, which has been recently considered an effective tool in forensic investigations. This growing field of forensics covers a wide spectrum of different branches of science, including biology, chemistry, physics, geology, mathematics, and computer sciences, leading to a practical approach that can be applied in several areas such as bioterrorist actions, environmental issues, emerging and reemerging diseases, as well as reliable trace evidence at a crime scene. Methods: The information has been gathered via Google Scholar using several keywords, including forensic microbiology, bioterrorism, forensic investigation, and trace evidence. The data were from reliable articles and books published over 50 years. This paper is a short review of forensic microbiology with a bioinformatics perspective to use in different fields such as the court. Results: It is known that using either microorganisms or their toxins is a low-cost potential tool with serious morbidity and mortality rates that can spread all around the world by food or water supplies or even through the air, making them a perfect candidate bioweapon with minimum traceability. Studies have indicated that environmental conditions plus biological and abiotic factors would affect the following analysis and the final validation, which is an essential step in the forensic investigation due to its highly effective role in the court vote. To face different challenges, law enforcement has the infrastructure for attribution and deterrence (e.g., following the exact microbial forensics program) so that it can be used in court. Developing more reproducible, sensitive, and accurate methods, preparing a wide reliable database, and devoting the right amount of budget will help improve the whole forensic procedure in the legal system. Conclusions: The current paper is a short review of how forensic scientists can use microbial features on a crime scene to clarify and enhance the procedure to solve different criminal cases.

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Kuznetsov, V. O. "The System of Concepts As a Metalanguage of Forensic Science". Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 16, n.º 1 (23 de abril de 2021): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-1-33-46.

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Concepts are an integral part of a forensic activity forming a specific terminological system, determining forensic science’s metalanguage, distinguishing it from the related legal sciences: criminalistics and procedural law. The article aims to review the conceptual system of forensic science. The authors point out the heterogeneity of its terminological and conceptual systems, which results from the synthetic nature of this science. Based on the existing classifications of concepts and terms of the general theory of forensic science, a new classification is proposed, including not only traditionally recognized terms such as general and specific scientific, legal notions and special concepts of forensic expertology language, but also the so-called expert concepts: interdisciplinary, intermediate notions, obtained as a result of the transformation of basic sciences’s data. Interdisciplinary notions form the theoretical and conceptual framework for some kinds of forensic examinations, first of all, complex forensic psychological and psychiatric and forensic psychological examinations, which traditionally refer to them as ‘’expert’’. When used in quotation marks, the word ‘’expert’’ indicates the terms’ conditional character, indicating the scope of application and functioning of the concepts, contrasting them to the legal concepts of the same name and basic sciences’ categories.

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Fesiunіn, V., e A. Tiapkіn. "ARCHIVES OF CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF M. S. BOKARIUS". Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences 2 (20 de agosto de 2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/acfs.2.2020.07.

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Registration of new print media at National Scientific Centre «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute» is not accidental. Existing publications of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine: Official Bulletin of Ukraine, Bulletin of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the official collection: Systematic Collection of Current Legislation of Ukraine, the official periodical Codes of Ukraine, Theory and practice of Forensic science and Criminalistics by National Scientific Centre «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute», Criminalistics and Forensics by Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, Interdepartmental scientific and methodological collection of the State Scientific Research Forensic Center (SSRFC) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and professional scientific and practical collection: Kryminalistychnyi visnyk “concise” purpose, aspect. The system clearly lacks a periodical with regular headings and which contains official publications on public, scientific, industrial and other issues, literary and artistic works, essays, illustrations, advertising, interviews, the historical heritage of the M. S. Bokarius, famous scientist and etc. According to the State Register, there are more than 12,000 certified forensic experts in the country. The position of a forensic expert is by its nature exceptional, as it has certain features. On the one hand, the work of the expert is to conduct with the use of their specific expertise (almost unlimited range of issues: science, technology, crafts, etc.) a scientifically sound study to establish the facts that have probative value in the investigation and trial of cases with another hand, a forensic expert acquires the status of a procedural person in the provision of the conclusion and thus in his professional activity combines the status of a specialist in the relevant field of knowledge, scientist and procedural subject. The purpose of the article is to carry out a scientific search for new research papers of the scientist and to study five issues of the Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences published in 1926-1927.

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Rich, Marshall S., e Mary P. Aiken. "An Interdisciplinary Approach to Enhancing Cyber Threat Prediction Utilizing Forensic Cyberpsychology and Digital Forensics". Forensic Sciences 4, n.º 1 (4 de março de 2024): 110–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci4010008.

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The Cyber Forensics Behavioral Analysis (CFBA) model merges Cyber Behavioral Sciences and Digital Forensics to improve the prediction and effectiveness of cyber threats from Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs). Traditional cybersecurity strategies, focused mainly on technical aspects, must be revised for the complex cyber threat landscape. This research proposes an approach combining technical expertise with cybercriminal behavior insights. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach and integrates various disciplines, including digital forensics, cybersecurity, computer science, and forensic psychology. Central to the model are four key concepts: forensic cyberpsychology, digital forensics, predictive modeling, and the Cyber Behavioral Analysis Metric (CBAM) and Score (CBS) for evaluating ASNs. The CFBA model addresses initial challenges in traditional cyber defense methods and emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary, comprehensive approach. This research offers practical tools and frameworks for accurately predicting cyber threats, advocating for ongoing collaboration in the ever-evolving field of cybersecurity.

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MSFS, Catherine G. Rushton,. "Forensic Science". American Biology Teacher 74, n.º 6 (1 de agosto de 2012): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2012.74.6.12c.

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Chesnokova, Elena V. "DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC ACTIVITY IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE SYNTHESIS OF SCIENCE AND FORENSIC PRACTICES AND EDUCATION". RUDN Journal of Law 24, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-1-193-202.

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The features of the joint educational project of RUDN and RFCFS on preparation of masters on the program “Forensic activity in law enforcement” are illustrated. Among them is the direct connection of the teaching staff of the Department “Forensic activity” of the law Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, represented by employees of the RFCFS, with practical expert activities. The role of the joint council for the protection of scientific degrees of doctor and candidate of Sciences in the specialty 12.00.12 - criminalistics, forensic activity, operational-search activity created on the basis of the RUDN and RFCFS is considered. It represents the final link in the system of training of higher education personnel in the field of forensic activity. The main forms of international activities of the Department, which include the study and exchange of experience in the framework of relations between the CIS member States, the Shanghai cooperation organization (SCO), the European Union (EU), are considered. Presented the prospects of its development in preparation for placement as a mandatory discipline “the Theory of judicial examination” in the educational process of bachelors and the creation of transferable teaching materials on forensics and criminology that contains integrated knowledge about the history of the development of the modern state of science in Russia and abroad to attract foreign students.

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Klevno, Vladimir A., e Yuri V. Nazarov. "Forensic medicine in germany: past and present". Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 7, n.º 2 (2 de julho de 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/fm371.

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This article based on the unique English-language publication history of forensic medicine, edited by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Burkhard Madea, continues the series of publications on the state of forensic medicine globally, its past, present, and future. The initial articles were devoted to the organization of forensic medical examination of the United States of America, England, and China. The current article details the development and structure of the forensic expert service in the Federal Republic of Germany (Germany) from its origin to the present state. Both the main stages of its development and the modern organizational structure have been discussed. The article also states the primary points of teaching forensics at German medical universities as well as the order of specialization and postgraduate education of specialists. In addition, publishing activities and the principles for the formation of professional communities of forensic experts are covered. The study concludes that forensic medicine in Germany has over a century-old history and has established the optimal ratio of science and practice in activities. These aspects position forensic medicine in Germany as the best forensic medical service in the world.

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Roux, Claude, Benjamin Talbot-Wright, James Robertson, Frank Crispino e Olivier Ribaux. "The end of the (forensic science) world as we know it? The example of trace evidence". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, n.º 1674 (5 de agosto de 2015): 20140260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0260.

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The dominant conception of forensic science as a patchwork of disciplines primarily assisting the criminal justice system (i.e. forensics) is in crisis or at least shows a series of anomalies and serious limitations. In recent years, symptoms of the crisis have been discussed in a number of reports by various commentators, without a doubt epitomized by the 2009 report by the US National Academies of Sciences (NAS 2009 Strengthening forensic science in the United States: a path forward). Although needed, but viewed as the solution to these drawbacks, the almost generalized adoption of stricter business models in forensic science casework compounded with ever-increasing normative and compliance processes not only place additional pressures on a discipline that already appears in difficulty, but also induce more fragmentation of the different forensic science tasks, a tenet many times denounced by the same NAS report and other similar reviews. One may ask whether these issues are not simply the result of an unfit paradigm. If this is the case, the current problems faced by forensic science may indicate future significant changes for the discipline. To facilitate broader discussion this presentation focuses on trace evidence, an area that is seminal to forensic science both for epistemological and historical reasons. There is, however, little doubt that this area is currently under siege worldwide. Current and future challenges faced by trace evidence are discussed along with some possible answers. The current situation ultimately presents some significant opportunities to re-invent not only trace evidence but also forensic science. Ultimately, a distinctive, more robust and more reliable science may emerge through rethinking the forensics paradigm built on specialisms, revisiting fundamental forensic science principles and adapting them to the twenty-first century.

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Catarina, Catarina. "Forensic sciences in veterinary medicine". Veterinarska stanica 56, n.º 1 (19 de junho de 2024): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.56.1.4.

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Forensic sciences have multiple applications in the medical sciences, including veterinary medicine, particularly in animal crime and welfare, and food safety inspection. However, there is no formal specialisation for veterinarians working in this field. There is a current need for formal training and recognition to provide better service to the community, and to ensure suitable basic training for general veterinary professionals working in different fields.

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Hendrokumoro, Hendrokumoro, Moh Masrukhi, Lin Shofwata D. e I. Desak Ketut Titis Ary Laksanti. "Peran Linguistik Forensik pada Era Perkembangan Teknologi Komunikasi". Bakti Budaya 2, n.º 2 (29 de outubro de 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bb.50961.

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The introduction of forensic linguistics to government agencies engaged in law is a community service activity carried out by the Linguistic Masters Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada on July 18, 2019. This activity was conducted at Wonogiri Regional Police Station and was attended by participants from the Wonogiri District Police, the Wonogiri District Court, and the Wonogiri District Prosecutor's Office. The introduction of forensic linguistics was dilivered through a presentation of previous studies relating to forensic linguistic problems. As technology develops, language problems in society also develop. The next stage is a joint discussion about problems experienced by the participants in their activities related to forensic linguistic problems. The community service aims to realize the goal of the government in educating public on social media.-------------------------------------------------------------Pengenalan linguistik forensik kepada badan pemerintah yang bergerak di bidang hukum merupakan salah satu bentuk kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Program Studi Magister Linguistik, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada pada 18 Juli 2019. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Polres Wonogiri dan dihadiri oleh peserta dari Polres Wonogiri, Pengadilan Negeri Wonogiri, dan Kejaksaan Negeri Wonogiri. Pengenalan linguistik forensik dilakukan dengan tahap presentasi kajian terdahulu yang berkaitan dengan masalah lingustik forensik. Oleh karena teknologi semakin berkembang, maka masalah-masalah kebahasaan yang ada dalam masyarakat pun turut berkembang. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah diskusi bersama tentang persoalan-persoalan yang dialami oleh para peserta kegiatan terkait dengan masalah linguistik forensik. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mewujudkan cita-cita pemerintah untuk mencerdaskan masyarakat dalam bermedia sosial.

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Mehrotra, Vishal, Gauri Mishra, Rohan Sachdev, Kriti Garg, Sekhar Mukherjee e Shubhra Saxena. "Perception of dental practitioners in and around Kanpur city towards forensic odontology: a cross sectional study". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, n.º 7 (28 de junho de 2019): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192909.

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Background: In the present era, forensic odontology has expanded as one of the most remarkable and commendable branches of Forensic Sciences. Through forensic odontology, a dentist plays a very important role in crime investigation of any type. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge, percipience and practical perception of forensic odontology among the dental practitioners in and around Kanpur city.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan-Mar 2019 among 207 dental practitioners in and around Kanpur city including 143 BDS and 64 MDS through a questionnaire proforma. The proforma consisted of 20 questions prepared on the topic of forensic Odontology and role of dentist in the field of forensic Odontology.Results: In this study, nearly 70% of dental practitioners were aware of the role of dentist in forensics, and around 60% of dental practitioners maintain dental records with recording of personal data and clinical findings being the most frequently used method. In the present study most of the dental practitioners were not aware of significance of chelioscopy (63%) and rugoscopy (66%) in field of forensic Odontology. Nearly 70% of dentist accepted the fact that their level of knowledge regarding forensic dentistry is inadequate and nearly 40% of them were not confident in giving any opinion regarding the same.Conclusions: This study shows that although there is an adequate awareness of role of dentist in forensic Odontology, but there is lack of good knowledge, confidence and practical approach of the dental practitioners towards forensic Odontology which may be due to lack of training, experience, exposure in field of forensics. Thus, the need of the hour lies in updating the knowledge and also developing interest of the dental practitioners regarding forensic Odontology.

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Alkass, Kanar, Bruce A. Buchholz, Susumu Ohtani, Toshiharu Yamamoto, Henrik Druid e Kirsty L. Spalding. "Age Estimation in Forensic Sciences". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 9, n.º 5 (4 de dezembro de 2009): 1022–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.m900525-mcp200.

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Caplan, YH. "Justice in the Forensic Sciences". Journal of Forensic Sciences 31, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1986): 11852J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs11852j.

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Pervez, Nafees K. "Forensic pathology and related sciences". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 6, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1985): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-198512000-00004.

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&NA;. "International Congress on Forensic Sciences". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 9, n.º 2 (junho de 1988): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-198806000-00022.

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