Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Fleuves côtiers"
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Lespinas, Franck. "Impacts du changement climatique sur l'hydrologie des fleuves côtiers en region Languedoc-Roussillon". Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP1261.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis contributes to understanding the vulnerability of surface water resources of the region Languedoc-Roussillon address climate change. A detailed reconstruction hydroclimatic conditions was first performed over the period 1965-2004 considering the 6 mains rivers of the region. It has shown that the average annual temperature has risen approximately 1. 5°C, reflecting an increasing influence of systems of subtropical high pressure in the spring and summer. Precipitation did not reveal any significant trends, except for winter precipitation that decreased in the north-east of the study area. The average annual flows tended to decrease on all rivers in the region, but significantly only in the Pyrenean basins and downstream river Herault and Orb. The low flows have also become more severe for a large majority of hydrologic stations. The increase of evaporation seems to have played a major role in these evolutions. The simulations from climate models indicate that the temperature should continue to increase in the 21st century, especially in summer, while precipitations would likely decrease. The forcing of a hydrological model calibrated for each river from climate scenarios constructed by the end of the 21st century indicate a significant decline in flows during the period late spring - early autumn with a significant drying of the soil
Meslard, Florian. "Apports sableux par les fleuves côtiers méditerranéens et aléa de submersion marine (ASPLEC)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0053.
Texto completo da fonteObtaining accurate estimates of sediment budgets on the land-sea continuum and understanding how these budgets affect coastal dynamics has become a crucial issue in the current context of rising sea levels and retreating coastlines. The torrential nature of mediterranean coastal rivers, linked to intense meteorological events, is characterized by brief but violent flooding episodes, during which most of the water and sediment discharge is delivered to the coastal zone in a few days. This episodic behavior of operation also has an impact on their river outlet as well, which can become obstructed by the development of sandy spits, leading to heavy flooding in coastal areas during concomitant storm and flood events. The aim of this thesis is to improve our understanding of intermittent river mouths processes, and to assess their interaction with the sediment transport in a land-sea continuum. A multi-scales (land-sea) spatio-temporal approach combining morphological, hydro-meteorological and sediment transport monitoring data was applied to the Têt River, an example of a mediterranean coastal river. The results provided with 1) a better understanding of the mechanisms at this intermittent river mouth system governed by auto-allocyclic and anthropogenic processes, 2) an improved estimates of suspended solids fluxes, provided by the first estimates of suspended and near-bottom sand fluxes, as well as understanding the role of morphology on their transfer to the coastal zone, and 3) an improved understanding of concomitant storm and flood events on the dynamics of the morphological response and the associated sediment transport
Debals, Benoît. "Etude sédimentologique des formations quaternaires des bassins des fleuves côtiers du Roussillon (France) : vallée de la Têt et du Tech". Perpignan, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PERP0306.
Texto completo da fonteThe two coastal rivers from the french department of pyrenees qrientales, the tet and the tech, deposited five staged terraces or semi-fill and fill terraces during the quaternary. These are alluvial terraces having a climatic origin with neotectonics readjustments in the roussillon coastal plain. The deposits of these two rivers are similary and are mainly constitued of quartz, schists, granites and gneiss pebbles with proportions that vary depending on the level's age. These coarse elements are stuck in a mainly bad sorted coarse sands matrix. Otherwise in the high levels, a silty-clay loam is the principal gangue. For both water courses it's multi-peaked floods deposits resulting of irregular and violent hydrodinamic conditions. The mineralogic assemblage of the two valleys is similar and is composed of an association of epidote-gamet-andalusite-zoisite-hornblende. The study of the variations of this assemblage in the tet levels shows that the middle terraces are the only level demultiplicated by neotectonics. The argillaceous minerals composing these formations are at the same time inherited and cristallized after settling and early diagenesis. Illite and kaolinite are present in a great proportion in all levels. Chlorite exists only in recent levels and smectite in the older ones. We deduced that the first is inherited when the second is cristallized after settling and early diagenesis from mica and illite which is less representated in the upper levels. The micromorphological study perfectly shows the alteration process augmentation from the lower to the higher terraces by describing the sediment evolution. A paleomagnetic study made on the three highest terraces levels gave no interresting results that would permit to precise the regional stages chronostratigraphy
Bourrin, François. "Variabilité et devenir des apports sédimentaires par les fleuves côtiers : cas du système Têt-littoral roussillonnais dans le golfe du Lion". Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383233.
Texto completo da fonteFraisse, Stéphane. "Structure de la communauté phytoplanctonique des fleuves côtiers en réponse aux contraintes hydrodynamique : une approche basée sur les traits morpho-fonctionnels". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911634.
Texto completo da fonteJaegler, Hugo. "Redistribution des isotopes de l’uranium et du plutonium présents à l’état d’ultra-traces dans les sédiments des fleuves côtiers drainant le panache radioactif de Fukushima". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS288/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi accident led to the deposition of uranium and plutonium at ultra-trace levels on coastal catchments in northeastern Japan, in addition to the natural uranium and plutonium from the global fallout of the atmospheric nuclear tests, already present before the accident. The relative contribution of these different sources can be quantified from the precise measurement of their isotopic composition and the precise determination of local isotopic signatures prior to the accident through the compilation of literature data and the analysis of a sediment core collected in a dam reservoir. Furthermore, the analysis of soil samples collected after 2011 shows that the spatial distribution of initial plutonium deposits is roughly similar to that of radiocaesium. In addition, if the presence of uranium originating from the plant was not confirmed, the plutonium rejected by the accident was identified and quantified in all the river sediment samples analyzed, showing that the plutonium originating from the plant is more quickly exported to the Pacific Ocean than that originating from the global atmospheric tests. In addition, plutonium bearing micro particles were localized and then precisely characterized (size, morphology, chemical composition). Overall, this work provided original data on the fate of actinides in the Fukushima environment
Fiandino, Mirabelle. "Apports de matières en suspension par les fleuves côtiers à l'étang de Berre (Bouches-du-Rhône, France) : Quantification des flux, identification des zones sources, étude des relations avec les conditions hydrologiques". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10035.
Texto completo da fonteParthuisot, Nathalie. "Dynamique des légionelles dans un fleuve côtier méditerranéen, le Tech". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066705.
Texto completo da fonteGhsoub, Myriam. "Dynamique des masses d'eaux côtières libanaises soumises à l'impact d'un fleuve". Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0026.
Texto completo da fonteThe main purpose of this study is to understand the functioning of the coastal zone, land-sea continuum in Lebanon. Following the construction of dams, the contributions of the river towards the sea in terms of quantity and quality, are modified nowadays. The Ibrahim river, having the highest flow among the Lebanese rivers, interrupted by three dams, was chosen as a case study representing the Lebanese coastal rivers. The various parameters retained made it possible to obtain interesting results. At sea surface water level, the river plume is detected by studying the hydrological parameters of surface water.The results also show that the river is the main nutrient contributor in the coastal region during the wet season, elucidated by the nitrate and dissolved silica contents. On the other hand, the transfer of particles from the coastal zone to the open sea, across the continental slope, takes place through the nepheloid layers.The origin of sediments and their constituents is highlighted by analyzing several sediment parameters. The combination of organic and inorganic particle size and geochemical parameters and the application of statistical tests made it possible to distinguish between two deposition environments. (1) Coastal environments (≤ 30 m) or “bypass” area where fine sand and autochtonous organic matter dominate. (2) Deep environments (≥ 60 m) or deposit areas where the fine fraction and allochthonous organic matter dominate.The ecological state of the river water at the two sampled stations, deduced from the contents of nutrients and benthic macrofauna, is considered good to very good according to international standards. Finally, the analysis of metallic trace elements confirms the low anthropogenic contribution in the marine and river stations despite the increasing density of the population in the Lebanese coastal region
Machu, Yann. "Origine des sources et bilans des transferts de Cu au Golfe du Lion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0037.
Texto completo da fonteThe North-Western Mediterranean, and in particular the Gulf of Lion (GoL), is one of the most productive regions of the Mediterranean, and is also considered a "hot spot" for global warming. This highly reactive zone is ideal for observing the impact of anthropogenic activities on coastal ecosystems in a context of global change. The GoL is characterized by the occurrence of extreme events (episodes of intense rainfall and Saharan wind inflow), typical of the Mediterranean climate, whose environmental consequences can be exacerbated by the high anthropogenic pressure in coastal areas. As a result, this region receives large quantities of particles and associated contaminants via rivers (notably the Rhône) and atmospheric deposits. The problem of copper is particularly acute in this region, where viticulture is highly developed and is responsible for high levels of this element in the soils. The input of large quantities of Cu into the marine environment poses an environmental threat to the entire ecosystem, as it is recognized that Cu of anthropogenic origin is more easily assimilated by organisms. Given the contrasting influences in this region, the aim of this work is to draw up a global balance sheet of Cu inputs to the GoL over the long term, in order to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the system as a whole (rivers and atmosphere) and the potential impact on the marine realm in a context of global warming. The monitoring of these compartments is essentially organized around SNO MOOSE, an observation system designed to synoptically track the evolution of the north-western Mediterranean basin. Metal levels were analyzed monthly in river suspended matter (SPM) and in dry and wet atmospheric deposits over the period 2006-2022. Overall, the minor compartments, i.e. the atmosphere and coastal rivers (excluding the Rhone), are more sensitive to anthropogenic activities, with higher Cu levels than the Rhône. In fact, erosion of vineyard soils controls contamination levels in river SPM, while wind-borne resuspension of contaminated particles, as well as fungal treatments with Cu sulphate, act as point sources of particulate and dissolved Cu in dry atmospheric deposits on a seasonal scale. As the largest Mediterranean river in terms of freshwater discharge, the Rhone unequivocally dominates the annual exports of particulate matter as well as total and natural Cu. On the other hand, the combined contribution of the more contaminated minority compartments to the anthropogenic Cu balance is around 47%, equivalent to that of the Rhone. On a seasonal scale, for more than half the year, the minor compartments dominate the transfer of anthropogenic Cu into the GoL. This represents a more continuous exposure for ecosystems, whereas natural Cu is generally delivered in the form of short pulses linked to flooding and Saharan dust deposits. Our study period took place against a backdrop of widespread drought throughout the GoL region, which appears to be intensifying. This is reflected in a reduction in discharges of the order of 30%, particularly affecting the Rhone. A study of the dynamics of fluvial Cu inputs over the study period indicates a trend towards an increase in the importance of labile forms of Cu and in the contribution of coastal rivers to the overall balance. In contrast, atmospheric Cu fluxes tend to remain constant over time. Thus, the importance of minority compartments is likely to grow considerably in a context of global change, signifying a major paradigm shift in GoL dynamics
Vallières, Catherine. "Production bactérienne et structure du réseau alimentaire microbien dans le fleuve Mackenzie et l'océan Arctique côtier". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24315/24315.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGlobally significant quantities of organic carbon are stored in northern permafrost soils, but little is known about how this carbon is processed by microbial communities once it enters rivers and is transported to the coastal Arctic Ocean. As part of the Arctic River-Delta Experiment (ARDEX), we measured environmental and microbiological variables along a 300 km transect across the Mackenzie River and coastal Beaufort Sea in July-August 2004 to investigate the river and estuarine gradients in microbial community structure and activity, and to evaluate the influence of UV exposure and carbon supply on bacterial processes in these ecosystems. Microbial community structure changed along the transect and the contribution of particle-attached bacteria was significantly higher in riverine and transition zone stations. Experimental results showed that bacterial metabolism was carbon limited in the Mackenzie River. Photodegradation increased organic carbon biolability in the Mackenzie River and decreased it in the Beaufort Sea.
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Piton, Violaine. "Du Fleuve Rouge au golfe du Tonkin : dynamique et transport sédimentaire le long du continuum estuaire-zone côtière". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30235.
Texto completo da fonteDeltas and coastal regions deliver the largest inputs of freshwater and sediments to the shelf and open ocean, understanding water and sediment dynamics and variability in those regions is therefore crucial. The spatio-temporal variability of estuarine and ocean dynamics under the influence of natural forcings and their impact on sediment transport and fate was assessed along the Red River estuary - coastal ocean - Gulf of Tonkin continuum. First, in-situ estuarine observations evidenced the seasonal and tidal variabilities of flow and suspended matter, and showed in particular the role of tidal pumping in the estuary siltation. Second, a 3D realistic hydrodynamic model was set up and calibrated with various observations and satellite data. Beforehand, a high-resolution model configuration was implemented and optimized with sensitivity tests of the Gulf of Tonkin's tidal components to bathymetry and various bottom friction parameterizations. Third, the resulting optimized configuration was used to study the large scale Gulf of Tonkin circulation at daily, seasonal and interannual scales, and to identify the drivers of their variabilities. Ekman transport variability due to monsoon winds reversal drives the seasonal circulation, which can be reversed in summer by episodic typhoon events and intensified in winter. ENSO, strong typhoon activity and Arctic Oscillation have been identified as drivers of the interannual circulation variability. Lastly, preliminary tests with a sediment transport module coupled with the hydrodynamics model revealed the importance of the seabed composition and of the parameterization of the erosion coefficients
Garcia, Esteves Javier. "Géochimie d'un fleuve côtier méditerranéen : la Têt en Roussillon : Origines et transferts de matières dissoutes et particulaires de la source jusqu'à la mer". Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0672.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this work was the study of the chemical and mineralogical composition in the dissolved and particulate matter of the river Têt (Pyrénées-Orientales) in order to identify the major sources of these materials, and to propose detailed budgets with respect to their fluxes to the Mediterranean Sea. The main objective was to develop a geochemical and hydrosedimentological model that is able to distinguish between the part of the materials that come from natural sources, and the part that is released or retained by human activities. The scientific approach was constructed on a weekly survey during one hydrological year (2000-2001), from the headwaters down to the river mouth. The overall observations allowed the identification of five major sources that contributed to the material fluxes: rainfall, road salting, agriculture, urban waters and chemical rock weathering. For each source, the respective contributions were quantified. The particulate matter fluxes were determined by etablishing empirical models between the suspended matter concentrations and runoff, which also allowed a prediction of the carbon fluxes. All particulate matter fluxes were affected by the existence of a major reservoir lake and their retention rates in this lake could be estimated. The distinction between the natural and anthropogenic matter fluxes finally also allowed the proposition of a model about the functioning of a natural erosion that takes into account the spatial variability of the chemical and mechanical erosion in the basin, and that also distinguishes the contributions of silicate and carbonate weathering in the overall release of alkalinity to the river
Hammou, Abed. "Caractéristiques de la fluorescence des eaux du fleuve côtier Têt (Pyrénées-Orientales) en relation avec la matière organique naturelle du bassin versant : utilisation de l'algorithme PARAFAC". Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1119.
Texto completo da fonteSiché, Isabelle. "Migrations et métamorphoses historiques des fleuves torrentiels sur leur delta et leurs impacts sur les implantations portuaires antiques : l'exemple de l'hydrosystème Torre Natisone Isonzo sur la plaine côtière d'Aquilée (Méditerranée nord-occidentale)". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070021.
Texto completo da fonteOur aim is mapping palaeochannels on the archaeological site of Aquileia. A multicriteria approach based on bio-morphosedimentary data and imagery analysis allowed us to draw the map of the hydrographical network during Roman antiquity. In the plain of Aquileia, several alluvial ridges were reconstructed from the interpretation of a DTM and a Landsat false colour composition. On the archaeological site, riverbeds were extracted from a composition Landsat of 3 neo-canals elaborated with a NDVI algorithm, which sorts out various degrees of soil moisture. Then palaeo-riverbeds were validated by a high-resolution laser DTM, by tomographic data and by sedimentological and palaeontological analyses of deep cores. Un the end, we retrieved the Isonzo paleoridges which spread out on its megafan and its ramifications increase with each floodplain break slope. One of them reaches Aquileia, but the antique harbour was crossed by the Torre alone. The river and its tributary had indeed undergone a diachronic evolution versus east. On the harbour itself, the chronostratigraphic datas showed that the River was active until II c. AD. Then it turned into a small river, the Natissa. In order to going on with the traffic, Romas performed the narrowing of the channel. The area is now abandoned till the II c AD
Cloquier, Christophe. "Les installations fluviales médiévales et modernes du cours de la Somme : approche archéologique et documentaire de l'équipement et de l'exploitation d'un fleuve côtier du début du XIIe siècle à la Révolution". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010631.
Texto completo da fonteSadaoui, Mahrez. "Variabilité et évolution des apports de matières en suspension dans la zone côtière : approche multi-échelle dans le bassin de la Méditerranée". Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0037.
Texto completo da fonteRivers ensure the transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the Sea, introducing sand, nutrients and contaminants. According to their drainange basin characteristics (mountainous relief, contrasting climates), Mediterranean rivers are naturally rich in SPM, but their fluxes are largely altered today because of damming. This study aims to understand the variability and evolution of the riverine SPM inputs to the Mediterranean sea by a multiscale approach. (1) In the Gulf of Lion, total SPM fluxes (and associated nutrients) were estimated on the long term through the development of a new method SiRCA (Simplified Rating Curve Approach). The lithology is the main control for the spatial variability of these fluxes, which attributes to the Rhône River the dominant role in the overall fluxes (95%). (2) In the Mediterranean basin, empirical modeling could be established which allows for the first time a complete quantification of the inputs by all the rivers in this region (997 Mt/an). It also confirms the importance of lithology among the dominant controlling factors. By combining this model with a database of large dams in this region, it has been calculated that about 35% of SPM are today retained behind dams. (3) In the Maghreb basin, finally the role of sediment retention by small dams and hillside reservoirs has been studied. A new database on these reservoirs was created and combined with the database on large dams. This study demonstrates that small dams probably retain the same amount of sediments that large dams
Hammer, Florence. "Étude de l’émergence, de la dissémination et de la persistance de gènes codant des carbapénèmases d'intérêt clinique chez des bactéries issues d'un environnement hydrique urbain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG029.
Texto completo da fonteThe emergence in the 2000s of carbapenemases KPC, NDM, VIM or OXA-48 produced byenterobacteria has made the use of carbapenems impossible and has led to deadlock situations andtherapeutic failures. These Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have rapidlydisseminated and have become endemic on the surface of the globe in 20 years. CPEs have been isolatedin urban waters that are particularly impacted by human activities. Urban water environments couldtherefore be a reservoir for CCGs, constituting a relay for Carbapenemase Producing Bacteria (CPBs)of human origin, but also a crossroads for CCG exchange by horizontal gene transfer between bacteriaof human and water origin. This work is articulated in two points. We studied carbapenem resistance bycarbapenemase production using culturomic and PCR methods in wastewater (drainage channels) fromthe three cities of Côte d'Ivoire and in urban water from the city of Montpellier. Although the presenceof EPCs in urban waters seems to be mainly due to human contamination, we report the isolation of twoAeromonas hydrophila KPC-2 in urban waters of Montpellier. In a second step, we studied thedissemination and persistence capacities of the blaNDM-5 gene carried by IncX-3 plasmids carried by twoEscherichia coli isolates and of the blaKPC-2 gene carried by IncP-6 plasmids carried by Aeromonas sp.isolates from urban waters of the city of Montpellier. The dissemination and persistence capacities ofthese GCCs are dependent on the plasmid incompatibility group on which the GCC is carried. Thus, thestudy of the emergence, dissemination and persistence of GCCs and PCBs in an urban waterenvironment would allow a better knowledge of carbapenem resistance and the implementation ofsurveillance and prevention methods against antibiotic resistance according to the "One Health" concept