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Calomiris, Charles W., e Mark Carlson. "Restoring confidence in troubled financial institutions after a financial crisis". Finance and Economics Discussion Series, n.º 2022-044 (julho de 2022): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2022.044.
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After an unprecedented number of banks suspended operations in the during Panic of 1893, the head regulator of banks chartered by the United States government allowed about 100 banks to reopen after certifying their solvency. We evaluate whether actions by bank owners to change management, contract with depositors to extend liability maturity structure, write off bad assets, and/or inject capital affected bank survival and deposit retention. This historical episode is particularly informative because there was no expectation of government intervention. We find that contracting with depositors provided short-term benefits while dealing with bad assets was key for long-run viability.
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Wadhwani, R. Daniel. "The Institutional Foundations of Personal Finance: Innovation in U.S. Savings Banks, 1880s–1920s". Business History Review 85, n.º 3 (2011): 499–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000768051100078x.
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The system of personal finance that developed in the United States was more fragmented than comparative arrangements in most industrializing countries, where savings banks had become large, diversified financial institutions. The federalist political structure of the U.S., combined with lobbying by existing intermediaries, inhibited the establishment of a centralized public provider of financial services for households such as emerged elsewhere. Moreover, the United States did not develop strong, diversified savings institutions at the local level, due in part to regulations that stifled innovation by savings banks and in part to the risk-averse organizational culture of the banks themselves. These factors enabled the proliferation of specialized intermediaries that aggressively marketed new financial services to households and facilitated the growth of new patterns of financial behavior among ordinary Americans.
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Paul, Efijemue Oghenekome, Obunadike Callistus, Olisah Somtobe, Taiwo Esther, Kizor-Akaraiwe Somto, Odooh Clement e Ifunanya Ejimofor. "Cybersecurity Strategies for Safeguarding Customer’s Data and Preventing Financial Fraud in the United States Financial Sectors". International Journal on Soft Computing 14, n.º 3 (27 de agosto de 2023): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijsc.2023.14301.
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As the financial sectors in the United States deal with expanding cyberthreats and a rising danger of financial crime, cybersecurity has become a top priority. This paper examines the crucial cybersecurity techniques used by financial institutions to protect client information and counter the growing risk of financial fraud. It proves that understanding common fraud tactics used to defraud financial institutions and customers, putting fraud detection and prevention techniques like anomaly detection and machine learning into practice, and using transaction monitoring and anti-money laundering tactics to spot and stop fraudulent activity are all necessary for preventing financial fraud. The paper begins by reviewing the common cyber dangers affecting the financial industry and the strategies used by cybercriminals to circumvent security precautions and take advantage of weaknesses. After looking at potential risks, the paper highlights the importance of proactive cybersecurity measures and risk mitigation techniques. It highlights crucial components of cybersecurity frameworks, including strong data encryption, multifactor authentication, intrusion detection systems, and ongoing security monitoring. This paper also emphasizes the value of educating and training financial institution staff members to increase cybersecurity resilience. It underlines the significance of building a strong security culture, educating personnel about potential dangers, and encouraging responsible management of client data. The study also explores the advantages of financial organizations working together and exchanging threat knowledge. It examines industry alliances, information-sharing platforms, and public-private partnerships as crucial methods for group protection against cyber threats. This paper highlighted the significance of artificial intelligence and machine learning in cybersecurity domain. It demonstrates how these technologies improve cybersecurity systems' capabilities by spotting irregularities and potential attacks. It emphasizes the significance of taking a proactive and dynamic strategy to securing client information and maintaining faith in the United States’ financial sectors. Overall, this paper provides a thorough overview of cybersecurity tactics crucial for protecting consumer data and avoiding financial fraud in the financial sectors across the United States. By taking a vigilant, team-based, and technology-driven strategy, financial institutions may strengthen their cyber defenses, protect the data of their clients, and defend the integrity of the financial system.
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Levytska, Svitlana, Nataliia Ostapiuk, Olena Tsiatkovska, Maryna Resler e Olena Mykhalska. "State institution non-financial asset audit strategy development". Economics of Development 23, n.º 2 (6 de maio de 2024): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.57111/econ/2.2024.57.
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The aim of the study was to determine optimal strategies and methods for improving audit activities in the field of management of non-financial assets of public institutions. Audit reports, financial statements of state institutions, the legal framework for audit activities and information on asset management strategies were used in the study. The study results demonstrate that effective and objective control over assets ensures financial discipline, optimises costs and complies with legal requirements. The study discusses the traditional, risk-based and integrated approaches to asset auditing, as well as the importance of an integrated audit approach that considers not only financial indicators but also non-financial aspects that affect the performance of an institution. The real situation in Ukraine is addressed and compared with other countries, namely the United States, the United Kingdom, India, Brazil and Hungary. The study noted that the development of the audit of non-financial assets of public institutions is a complex and dynamic process that occurs on constant changes in legislation and requirements of international standards. In addition, the challenges and problems faced by auditors auditing non-financial assets of government agencies are highlighted. It is proposed to expand the concept of audit effectiveness from the “3E” to the “9E”, which provides a deeper assessment of performance, covering various factors. Based on the study, the key areas of the strategy for auditing non-financial assets of public institutions, including improving the audit system, identifying and managing risks and introducing modern technologies, were formulated. These findings are valuable for auditors, financial managers, civil servants and resource management experts as they provide practical recommendations for improving audit performance and the efficient use of non-financial assets
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Comizio, V. Gerard, Behnam Dayanim e Laura Bain. "Cybersecurity as a global concern in need of global solutions: an overview of financial regulatory developments in 2015". Journal of Investment Compliance 17, n.º 1 (3 de maio de 2016): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose To provide financial institutions an overview of the developments in cybersecurity regulation of financial institutions during 2015 by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, as well as guidance for developing effective cyber-risk management programs in light of evolving cyber-threats and cyber-regulatory expectations. Design/methodology/approach Reviews US, UK and EU regulatory developments in the cybersecurity area and provides several best practice tips financial institutions should consider and implement to improve their cybersecurity compliance programs. Findings While cyber-threats and financial regulators’ expectations for cyber-security are constantly evolving, recent guidance and enforcement efforts by the US, UK and EU illustrate the need for financial institutions to develop effective cybersecurity programs that address current regulatory compliance requirements and prepare for emergency cyber responses. Practical implications Financial institutions should utilize the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Cybersecurity Assessment Tool to assess their cyber-risk profile and cyber-preparedness. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced financial regulatory and privacy lawyers that provides a survey of the current regulatory environment and recommendations for cyber-security compliance.
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O’Sullivan, Patrick John. "Regulatory relationships and incentives: from Riggs Bank to HSBC". International Journal of Law and Management 59, n.º 5 (11 de setembro de 2017): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-04-2016-0041.
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Purpose The aim of the paper is to examine what type of relationship existed between the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and Riggs Bank in respect of anti-money laundering (AML) compliance. Different commentators have established certain trends in the interaction between a regulator and a regulated entity, and this paper seeks to apply these findings to the relationship between the OCC and Riggs Bank and ascertain where this example lies in the wider domain of regulatory relationships. The paper then examines whether the relationship between the OCC and HSBC United States was similar to the one between the OCC and Riggs Bank or did the regulator adopt a more aggressive supervisory stance. Throughout this work, there is also a focus on the underlying incentives which may adversely affect how a financial institution interacts with a financial regulator and possible solutions to this problem proposed. Design/methodology/approach Research undertaken by commentators was assessed and their findings as the different regulatory relationships that may develop between a regulator and a regulated entity were applied to the interactions between the OCC and two different financial institutions, namely, Riggs Bank and HSBC United States. Examples from the Senate Subcommittee Reports into the AML failings into these financial institutions were examined through the prism of pre-existing regulatory relationship categories. Findings The paper ultimately concludes that the OCC was far too passive in its interactions with both Riggs Bank and HSBC United States and that the primary underlying motivations for both institutions were profit- rather than compliance-led. Research limitations/implications One of the main limitations to this research was the absence of direct input from either personnel from the banking sector in the USA or of regulators from the same jurisdiction. Practical implications This paper proposes a number of practical solutions to recast the relationship between financial regulators and regulated institutions away from the former deferring to the latter to one where the former dictates to the latter. Originality/value This paper seeks to examine an actual regulatory relationship between a financial regulator and two different institutions that is reported in the public domain by applying pre-existing academic research on question of regulatory relationships and see how the practice differs or corresponds with the theory.
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Burns, James, e Kimberly Beattie Saunders. "SEC fines non-US entities for unregistered cross-border brokerage and advisory activities". Journal of Investment Compliance 18, n.º 1 (2 de maio de 2017): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-02-2017-0002.
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Purpose To explain a settlement involving a foreign financial institution, its non-US subsidiaries, and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that reveals an SEC focus on policing the activities of foreign firms that reach into the United States and helps further define the scope of activities that require registration under the federal securities laws. Design/methodology/approach Provides insight into a recent area of focus for SEC regulators and introduces the potential regulatory implications for non-US firms with activities that reach into the United States. Findings Given the SEC’s current enforcement focus, it is critical that financial institutions take care to conduct their activities with an understanding of the regulatory requirements associated with the provision of brokerage and advisory services to US clients and customers – including, for many firms, registration as an investment adviser, broker-dealer, or both. Originality/value Practical regulatory guidance regarding SEC registration requirements that may reach non-US firms from experienced financial services lawyers specializing in asset management.
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Al-Salahat, Sami Muhammad. "Financial Sustainability Criteria for Waqf Institutions: Harvard University as a Model". مجلة إسرا الدولية للمالية الإسلامية 10, n.º 1 (28 de junho de 2019): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55188/ijifarabic.v10i1.256.
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This study seeks to highlight the best of the Western models in the field of university endowments. It is a model that has been ensconced at the top of the educational pyramid in the United States and Europe for decades. This is due to the management, the investment methodologies and board policies adopted in this model regarding its holdings, investments and disbursements during the past decade. The exemplar of this model is Harvard University, one of the strongest scientific and academic universities in the United States of America; in fact, in the world. It is renowned for its academic strength and financial independence thanks to its endowments, which continue to manifest clear, strong growth. There is no doubt that the approach adopted by the University during the past decade has been very clear, especially in the area of protecting its endowment assets and in reducing expected losses in the area of investments of its endowment assets. This has been done by adopting the investment methodology and performance policies of the Governing Council, in addition to the exceptional performance of its arm for attracting new endowment assets and donations over the last decade. To discuss this experience, the research looks at the financial sustainability criteria adopted by the University to preserve its endowment assets and how the University deals with the risks that beset them. It has itself suffered several investment losses in its endowment assets, as is evident from the company's annual investment management reports. In addition, the University's endowment governance structure with regard to transparency, governance, and internal and external monitoring of its financial assets are discussed. There is no doubt that Harvard’s endowment experience has been pursuant to the endowment activity that has prevailed in several American and European universities, as well as those of Canada, Japan, Singapore and other countries. However, the most prominent and best in performance and investment are the American universities, which have benefited from the legislation in the United States in support of the phenomenon of endowments for the benefit of university education. The study will be limited to Harvard University, while taking into consideration the practical factors that led to the rise of the educational endowment phenomenon in the American university sector in the last two decades. This is approached through two subtopics. The first comprises the most prominent indicators of financial safety of endowment entities. The second is Harvard University Endowments as a model for financial sustainability.
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Yang, Weiyi. "Global Financial Crisis and Risk Management". Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 35, n.º 1 (10 de novembro de 2023): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/35/20231732.
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This paper explores the 2008 financial crisis. It looks at its causes, consequences, and the changes that were effected to prevent the global economy from a similar crisis in the future. The crisis began in the United States, spread quickly, and ended up affecting the global populations jobs, homes, and savings. The paper identifies the Federal Reserves financial policies, subprime mortgages, and credit default swaps (CDS) as the main causes of the 2008 financial crisis each of these factors played a significant part in leading to the crisis. The combination of these factors made the effects of the 2008 financial crisis even more severe, leading to a broader economic downturn. The consequences of the crisis included increased regulation of the financial industry, government intervention through bailouts, a decline in housing prices, higher unemployment rates, and the breakdown of significant several major banks and financial institutions. These consequences were severe and governments had to come up with solutions to prevent a similar happening in the future through measures like the Dodd-Frank Act and the Basel III framework.
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Cohen, Jim. "Divergent Paths, United States and France: Capital Markets, the State, and Differentiation in Transportation Systems, 1840–1940". Enterprise & Society 10, n.º 3 (setembro de 2009): 449–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700008132.
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Why do the United States and France, both capitalist economies that were dominated by private railways in the 19th and early 20th centuries, have very different transport systems today? After World War II France developed 200 mph high speed trains, while railways in the United States declined to near irrelevance. This paper argues that cross-national divergence was caused by private and public actions that structured capitalmarkets and controlled planning. In the United States private financial institutions used capital markets to shape rail development. In France, by way of contrast, the state directly intervened in financial markets and controlled planning. Both systems thrived until World War I. But, then, faced with growing competition from cars, buses and trucks and burdened by excessive debt, they declined towards bankruptcy. The Great Depression became a defining moment as a Socialist-dominated government in France nationalized railways while in the United States, President Roosevelt's New Deal failed to enact policies to ensure the competitive viability of rail in relation to motorized transport. Rarely used archival sources provide much of the evidence for this argument.
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Hogan, Karen M., e Gerard T. Olson. "Governance and corporate control in the United States". Corporate Law and Governance Review 3, n.º 2 (2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/clgrv3i2p4.
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This paper provides an overview of business entities in the United States. We analyze current trends in the ownership structures of U.S. firms, diversity and inclusion, mergers and acquisitions, minority shareholder rights protections, and review the literature related to corporate ownership and financial performance. With the shift in the U.S. from defined benefit pension plans to defined contribution plans and a desire for increased corporate governance, we observe a significant increase in the financial assets under management by large institutional investors. It is believed these large institutional investors can have a significant impact on the governance, decision-making, and performance of the U.S. publicly traded firms. We observe an increasing trend in foreign indirect investment in the U.S. from countries in Europe, Asia and the Pacific Rim, North and South America, the Middle East, and Africa. Additionally, increased compensation of publicly traded firms’ top executives is shown, which has resulted in an increased disparity between the compensation of top management teams and the firms’ hourly employees. Lastly, we expect the suggested bias against women and other minorities, as evidenced here, will be lessened in the future and should result in improved financial performance for firms
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Wang, Wenjing, e Arthur S. Guarino. "Crisis Management Strategy in Handling Financial Sector Scandals in the Digital Transformation Era". International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, n.º 73 (28 de agosto de 2021): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.73.115.131.
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This paper provides empirical evidence of how scandals could affect financial institutions in terms of market stock price, yearly returns, and the length of time it took to regain the public’s trust and ultimately recover in the long run. Moreover, we carefully examine the importance of dealing with crisis management in the digital transformation era’s financial service sector. We specialize in crisis management, which aims to mitigate the destruction of companies’ public crises in existence. Finally, based upon investigating scandals in public and private financial sectors in the United States, we list 21 strategic crisis management plans at the end of the paper to handle financial services sector scandals in the digital transformation era.
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FAIRCHILD, GREGORY B., YOUNG KIM, MEGAN E. JUELFS e ARON BETRU. "GOOD MONEY AFTER BAD? THE COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF MINORITY DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS". Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 25, n.º 01 (março de 2020): 2050002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946720500028.
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We examine the relative efficiency of a unique set of banks, Minority Depository Institutions (MDIs). MDIs are led by minorities and typically serve minority populations. Given Social Economic Status (SES) skews across racial/ethnic groups in the United States, operation within minority communities appear, prima facie, to be relatively expensive and thus inefficient. We examine the return on assets (ROA) and small business lending efficiency of MDIs when compared to what we categorize as “non-MDI” depositories, ceteris paribus. We also examine these institutions for a period that includes a recent environmental shock, the 2008 financial crisis and the post-recessionary period. Using data from the Reports of Condition and Income (call reports) for a substantial set of FDIC-insured banks in the United States, we apply a data envelopment analysis (DEA) to determine how a set of MDIs perform relative to comparable institutions. Recognizing that MDIs are not homogeneous, we also examine relative efficiency across types of MDIs by racial/ethnic grouping. The results indicate that MDIs are not less efficient systematically and that there are differences across MDI types.
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Rutherford, Amanda, e Joris van der Voet. "Shifting Administrative Intensity and Employee Composition: Cutback Management in Education". American Review of Public Administration 49, n.º 6 (20 de agosto de 2018): 704–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074018794701.
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Many public organizations are increasingly confronted with substantive and unpredictable reductions of financial resources. Despite growing research attention to this issue, empirical investigation of the organizational consequences of decline and turbulence has been limited. This article aims to understand the combined effects of decline and turbulence on personnel, one of the largest expenditure categories in organizations. Analyses use data from 2- and 4-year public institutions of higher education in the United States from 1988 to 2012. Findings in this context suggest that while decline alone has little to no effect on staffing, turbulence is associated with larger effects that are moderated by decline. Two-year institutions more closely resemble operational, efficiency-oriented responses to turbulence, and 4-year institutions reflect a more strategic reaction.
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Abad-Segura, Emilio, e Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar. "Global Research Trends in Financial Transactions". Mathematics 8, n.º 4 (16 de abril de 2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8040614.
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Traditionally, financial mathematics has been used to solve financial problems. With globalization, financial transactions require new analysis based on tools of probability, statistics, and economic theory. Global research trends in this topic during the period 1935–2019 have been analyzed. With this objective, a bibliometric methodology of 1486 articles from the Scopus database was applied. The obtained results offer data on the scientific activity of countries, institutions, authors, and institutions that promote this research topic. The results reveal an increasing trend, mainly in the last decade. The main subjects of knowledge are social sciences and economics, econometrics, and finance. The author with the most articles is Khare from the Indian Institute of Management Rohtak. The most prolific affiliation is the British University of Oxford. The country with the most academic publications and international collaborations is the United States. In addition, the most used keywords in articles are “financial management”, “financial transaction tax”, “banking”, “financial service”, “blockchain”, “decision making”, and “financial market”. The increase in publications in recent years at the international level confirms the growing trend in research on financial transactions.
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Swanson, Kara W. "Body Banks: A History of Milk Banks, Blood Banks, and Sperm Banks in the United States". Enterprise & Society 12, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2011): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010661.
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My dissertation traces the invention and development of a new form of banking, body banking. Today, the body bank as an institution that collects, stores, processes, and distributes a human body product is a taken-for-granted aspect of medicine in the United States. We donate to blood banks, we cherish sperm bank babies, and we contemplate many sorts of banks, including cord blood banks, gene banks, and egg banks. Such institutions have existed for the past century in the metaphorical shadow of financial banks, and like those better-studied banks have stirred considerable controversy. The driving question behind my dissertation is simply, why banks? How did we come to use “bank” to apply to bodies as well as to dollars? More intriguingly, what does this analogy show us and what is it hiding?
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Yallapragada, RamMohan R., e Mohammad Bhuiyan. "Small Business Entrepreneurships In The United States". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 27, n.º 6 (27 de outubro de 2011): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v27i6.6470.
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A small business entrepreneur is defined as an individual who establishes and manages a business for the principal purpose of profit and growth. Small businesses constitute an increasingly large proportion of businesses generally in the United States economy. They account for 39 per cent of the United States gross national product and create two out of every three new jobs in our economy. Seven important prerequisites are identified as being necessary for successfully operating a small business. These include adequate financing, qualified personnel, efficient operation and production, marketing and sales, customer service, information management and administration. One of the most significant contributors to failure of a small business relates to acquisition of adequate capital. Small Business Administration (SBA) was established by Federal Government in 1953 to provide low interest loans to small business borrowers that would not otherwise have access to credit. However, there is some criticism that these SBA programs unfairly benefit, not the small businesses, but the financial institutions that participate in the SBA loan programs. Another significant source of debt financing to small businesses is known as micro-financing, started as new wave in providing capital to small businesses by the Nobel Peace Prize winner, Muhammad Yunus, in Bangladesh.
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Svendsen, Mark. "Financial Autonomy, Institutional Reform, and Irrigation Performance". Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 19, n.º 2 (abril de 1994): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919940204.
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There is increasing interest in privatization as a solution to the problem of ineffective and excessively costly irrigation system operations. In this paper by Mark Svendsen, two organizational models showing promise in this regard are examined and compared: the irrigation district model, in which a voluntary association is responsible for system management, and the parastatal model, in which a semi-autonomous government body takes on this responsibility. These two models are represented by a pair of case studies drawn from the United States and the Philippines.
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Polyzos, Stathis, Khadija Abdulrahman e Apostolos Christopoulos. "Good management or good finances? An agent-based study on the causes of bank failure". Banks and Bank Systems 13, n.º 3 (11 de setembro de 2018): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(3).2018.09.
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The recent series of banking crises in the United States and in the Eurozone has resulted in numerous bank failures. In this paper, an agent-based model is employed to test for factors that determine bank viability in times of distress, focusing mainly on the endogenous risk of financial institutions. The authors test for the effects of both management and financial factors on the institutions’ ability to weather the storm during times when the banking system experiences distress. The agent-based simulation process is split into a setup period, when the simulation builds the structural characteristics of each bank, and a testing period, where these characteristics are tested against the final result, which is the bank’s viability. A risk estimation model is built and it is found that the proposed model is successful in predicting whether a particular bank can endure a stress testing situation. The empirical results confirm the relevant literature and put further emphasis on the policy implications regarding banking supervision and regulation, particularly in context of the Eurozone banking union.
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Jaffe, BS (Accounting), JD, James L. "Teaching emergency management students about money: “Without money you ain't doin bupkis”". Journal of Emergency Management 17, n.º 3 (1 de maio de 2019): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2019.0417.
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The objective of this article is to address the glaring deficiency in educating emergency managers with regard to the financial aspects of Emergency Management (EM) and suggest curriculum changes. This article reviews 313 Higher Education Programs in EM located in 189 institutions of higher education in the United States to determine which include courses in the financial aspects of EM. The programs reviewed range from undergraduate certificates to PhD Degrees in EM. Of the 313 EM programs, only 78 [24.8 percent] have any courses discussing accounting, budgeting, economics, or finance either as a required or restricted elective course. Only nine [2.9 percent] courses focus on the financial issues of EM. Based upon the data reported, the author suggests changes in EM education as a starting point in the necessary discussion of what an EM educational program should cover.
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HANSEN, BRADLEY A. "Trust Company Failures and Institutional Change in New York, 1875–1925". Enterprise & Society 19, n.º 2 (7 de agosto de 2017): 241–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2017.7.
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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, New York State trust companies were successful, grew quickly, and failed rarely. The few failures, however, played a leading role in shaping the rules that governed trust companies. Because trust company failures were consistently interpreted as isolated departures from the norm of conservative management, trust companies were able to continue to participate in the rule-making process. The institutions that evolved promoted financial stability by imposing the costs of failure on decision makers and discouraging risky behavior. These failures shed new light on the treatment of failure and the development of corporate governance and financial regulation in the United States
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Beauvais, Bradley, Zo Ramamonjiarivelo, Jose Betancourt, John Cruz e Lawrence Fulton. "The Predictive Factors of Hospital Bankruptcy—An Exploratory Study". Healthcare 11, n.º 2 (5 de janeiro de 2023): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020165.
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The United States healthcare industry has witnessed a number of hospitals declare bankruptcy. This has a meaningful impact on local communities with vast implications on access, cost, and quality of care available. In our research, we seek to determine what contemporary structural and operational factors influence a bankruptcy outcome, and craft predictive models to guide healthcare leaders on how to best avoid bankruptcy in the future. In this exploratory study we performed, a single-year cross-sectional analysis of short-term acute care hospitals in the United States and subsequently developed three predictive models: logistic regression, a linear support vector machine (SVM) model with hinge function, and a perceptron neural network. Data sources include Definitive Healthcare and Becker’s Hospital Review 2019 report with 3121 observations of 32 variables with 27 observed bankruptcies. The three models consistently indicate that 18 variables have a significant impact on predicting hospital bankruptcy. Currently, there is limited literature concerning financial forecasting models and knowledge detailing the factors associated with hospital bankruptcy. By having tailored knowledge of predictive factors to establish a sound financial structure, healthcare institutions at large can be empowered to take proactive steps to avoid financial distress at the organizational level and ensure long-term financial viability.
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Wang, Timothy, Mohamed Elsayed e Abdullahi D. Ahmed. "Corporate governance and institutional ownership: A critical evaluation and literature survey". Corporate Ownership and Control 9, n.º 1 (2011): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i1art4.
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This paper aims to analyse how effective the role of institutional shareholders is in corporate governance by examining the association between the different types of institutional shareholders and earnings management. Many prior studies have investigated the nature of several corporate governance practices and mechanisms and how they exist to strengthen institutions, however, there have been questions related to the role of governance failures in preventing unethical behavior by top management. The recent financial and accounting scandals that have engulfed major financial companies in the United States and other developed countries have renewed the interest in corporate governance issues and the role of shareholders. This study provides critical reviews of the theoretical and empirical literature on the inter-relationship between different types and composition of shareholders and influences on corporate governance outcomes. We evaluate what we can say with confidence about the interaction between ownership structures and corporate governance. Overall, there is a consensus among researchers that institutional investors and other outside blockholders vote more actively on corporate governance amendments than non-blockholders to enhance profitability and market valuation of firms.
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Larbi, Frank Okai, Zaoming Ma, Zheng Fang, Florina Oana Virlanuta, Nicoleta Bărbuță-Mișu e Görkem Deniz. "Financial Anxiety among International Students in Higher Education: A Comparative Analysis between International Students in the United States of America and China". Sustainability 14, n.º 7 (22 de março de 2022): 3743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073743.
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Financial anxiety is one of the most stress-causing factors, destabilizing students’ academic activities and performance. This study investigated whether there was any financial anxiety in international students in higher education institutions by comparing students in the USA and mainland China. The study employed a random-effect ordered probit model that utilised a sample size of 3953 international students during the academic years 2017–2019. The findings showed a significantly low rate of financial anxiety among international students in the United States, while international students in China experienced a highly significant financial anxiety as far as academic life was concerned. Additionally, a robustness check using marginal effects in probit showed a positive life satisfaction towards financial behaviour after the study period in the USA, while a negative life satisfaction towards financial behaviour existed in mainland China. Nevertheless, the study put forward vital recommendations to help address this phenomenon and strengthen the relationship between international students and administrators of higher education institutions in both countries.
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Ngwenya, Sam. "Corporate governance and performance of listed commercial banks in South Africa". Corporate Ownership and Control 11, n.º 2 (2014): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i2c7p1.
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The global financial crisis of 2008 that resulted in the collapse of many financial institutions in the United States (US) and Europe have resulted in debates over the failures of corporate governance structures to properly protect investors. The main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between corporate governance and performance of listed commercial banks in South Africa. The results of the study indicated a statistically positive significant relationship between board size, proportion of non-independent and non-executive directors and bank performance. The results of the rest of the corporate governance indicators are mixed when using different performance measurement variables.
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Meseguer-Sánchez, Víctor, Emilio Abad-Segura, Luis Jesús Belmonte-Ureña e Valentín Molina-Moreno. "Examining the Research Evolution on the Socio-Economic and Environmental Dimensions on University Social Responsibility". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 13 (1 de julho de 2020): 4729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134729.
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Responsible higher education institutions have an impact on society and economic, environmental, and social development. These effects define the axes of the socially responsible management of the universities. The concept of university social responsibility (USR) manages these relationships to produce a positive impact on society through higher education, research, and the transfer of knowledge and technology, as well as education for sustainability. For this study, worldwide research into this subject was studied for the period 1970–2019. A bibliometric analysis of 870 articles was made, obtaining results for the scientific productivity of the journals, authors, institutions, and countries contributing to this research. The main category is business, management, and accounting. The most productive journal is the Business and Society Review, while the California Management Review is the most cited. The authors with the most articles are Stavnezer, Luo, and Lanero. The most productive institution is Wuhan University. The United States is the country with the most publications and citations, and the same country, together with the United Kingdom, make the most international contributions. Evidence shows growing worldwide interest in the economic and environmental impacts of USR. Future research should focus on analysing the links between the responsible and sustainable consumption of universities and their short-term financial, economic, and sustainable impacts.
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Dzingirai, Mufaro, e Neeta Baporikar. "Trends and Patterns in Turnaround Strategies". International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 14, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijskd.289039.
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The paper aims to examine the publications on turnaround strategies and identify scientific gaps. Hence, bibliographic couplings of countries, institutions, journals, publications, authors, and co-occurrences of the author keywords were analyzed. Bibliographic methods were employed to examine and visualize the characteristics of the publications with the aid of VOSViewer software. Using 174 articles from the Scopus database, the results revealed that corporate distress, turnaround, organizational decline, turnaround strategies, corporate strategy, financial distress, retrenchment, turnaround strategy, and turnarounds were among the most studied key concepts in this area, The “Journal of Strategy and Management” and “European Management Journal” were the top journals. United States, United Kingdom, and India were the most influential countries. The Fort Hays University and McMurry University were top research institutions. Notably, Huang, Y., Reddy, K.S., and Xie, E. were the most influential authors in this research area. These results will help academicians and practitioners.
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Yankovich, Diana, Nirmaljit Rathee e Vikramjit S. Rathee. "Implications of Student Loan and Finance Management Skills for Undergraduate Students". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, n.º 31 (30 de novembro de 2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n31p26.
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As the Presidential elections in 2024 are approaching, public opinions and politicians’ statements about student loans are presented more often. To curb educational borrowing, the entire society is involved. Institutions of higher education are highly engaged in securing possible funds for scholarships and grants to provide their students with the best and most efficient education. States offer scholarships, and students are becoming more selective about their institution, study major, and lifestyle choices during their undergraduate studies. Many borrowers lack a clear understanding of loan terms and finance management skills. This study was conducted to determine the money management skills of undergraduates, their perceived amount of educational loans anticipated upon graduation, and its impact on their academic performance. A specifically designed survey instrument was administered to a total of 565 participants who were students at one of the US HBCUs in the North-Eastern region of the United States. The results revealed significant race differences in the perceived expected amount of debt upon graduation. The study further indicates a heightened requirement for academic guidance for students whose undergraduate GPAs fall within the range of 2.00 to 3.00, aiming to enhance their retention until graduation within the present institution. Student athletes expressed a significantly higher financial selfefficacy than non-athletes.
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Muhammad Padol e Radian Salman. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NATIONAL FINANCIAL AUDIT INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING STATE LOSS MITIGATION". Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 19, n.º 1 (26 de fevereiro de 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jhsk.v19i1.9321.
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This article aims to establish a better institutional system for the national financial audit as part of the government's efforts to create a clean state free from financial abuse and corruption. Normatively, the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) plays a crucial role based on Article 23 paragraph (5) of the 1945 Constitution. However, its singular existence changed after the formation of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPKP) through Presidential Regulation Number 192 of 2014, which became part of the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus. From these normative issues arose a controversial case involving land procurement for a Palm Oil Plantation in Southwest Aceh, resulting in a dualistic determination of state losses between BPK and BPKP. The novelty of this article, compared to existing ones, lies in its reinforced analysis through comparisons with financial supervisory institutions in Japan (Board of Audit), the United States (GAO), and Australia (ANAO). The research employs a normative legal research method to examine principles and norms in positive law. It utilizes statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. In the context of financial oversight in Indonesia, both external and internal supervisory institutions, such as BPK and BPKP, play a vital role in ensuring efficiency, transparency, and accountability in financial management. Despite differences in regulatory foundations, appointment systems, and follow-up mechanisms among BPK, the Board of Audit, GAO, and ANAO, all of them have important roles in ensuring proper financial management. Additionally, the article proposes an alternative model for appointing members of the Republic of Indonesia Financial Audit Board (BPKRI) based on the experience of the U.S. GAO. This mechanism includes forming a commission comprising legislative, executive, and academic representatives to recommend BPK member candidates, aiming to enhance the independence of financial supervisory institutions in Indonesia
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Tylchyk, Vyacheslav, Tetiana Matselyk, Viktor Hryshchuk, Olena Lomakina, Markiian Sydor e Yevhen Leheza. "Administrative and legal regulation of public financial activity". Cuestiones Políticas 40, n.º 72 (7 de março de 2022): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4072.33.
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The purpose of the research is the basic characteristics of the management of financial activity in countries such as: France, Germany, United States of America, Great Britain, and Sweden. The organizational structure of financial management bodies was studied and the participation of state legislatures in financial policy was emphasized. Also, a review of materials and methods was carried out based on the analysis of documents for the regulation of public financial activity. The methodology included a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material, as well as the formulation of relevant conclusions. During the research, the methods of scientific cognition were used: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, system-structural, logical-normative, comparative. It is concluded that the participation of all the higher powers of government is fundamental in the formation and implementation of public policy in the field of finance; this requires a wide range of bodies and institutions exercising control over financial activities; concentration of financial management in a single-line ministry, as well as distribution among several ministries and a clear division of powers between financial management bodies, among other aspects.
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Koczka, Ferenc. "Issues of Legal Regulation of Hungarian Higher Education IT Systems". Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days 341 (17 de março de 2022): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ocg.v341.22.
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The operation of IT systems of Hungarian higher education institutions is governed only by general law. These institutions have a large amount of personal, economic and research data. The management of these organizations is defined by internal regulations which are not controlled in terms of form or substance. As a consequence, the security of Hungarian higher education IT systems currently varies from institution to institution. Internationally, the first step in the legislative regulation of higher education systems was published in the United States in 2004, followed by only general rules from European legislators. In recent years, however, this situation has changed, and in several countries, including Hungary, the extension of the legislation on state institutions to higher education systems has begun. At present this has manifested in placing of research institutes under national security protection. In the light of international trends and Hungarian development, it is expected that this process will continue.
One possible way to raise the IT security level is to place higher education institutions under Act L. of 2013. This, in addition to not being a simple process, would create a serious financial burden for the maintainer and would have a noticeable impact on institutional autonomy, teaching and research freedom. There is currently no public source of information on IT incidents or their success and management in higher education IT systems in Hungary. In my presentation, I review the IT data assets of Hungarian higher education and based on my personal experience, I give an overview of IT attacks on the sector and a what can be expected based on changes in the L. Law of 2013.
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Galli, Brian J. "Economic Decision-Making and Risk Management". International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 10, n.º 4 (outubro de 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.20211001.oa2.
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Because of the recent financial crisis in the United States that shook the financial sector, the need for adopting effective Risk Management practices has increased. Essentially, the volatility of the sector calls for an augmented re-evaluation of the framework, as well as the components of uncertainty management practices by commercial banks, regulatory agencies, and scholars. By doing so, the stakeholders in the financial sector would ensure the conformity to the best practices. To further fortify this, the research herein uses the Ames National Corporation (ANC), which is a commercial Bank in Iowa, USA, as a case study. The institution risk profile and risk management practices are evaluated to give insights on conforming to the best international practices. The research also seeks to establish whether effective risk management results in enhanced performance and profitability for financial institutions.Stating areas on which further research should be conducted is how the study is concluded.
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Van Leuven, Andrew J., Dayton Lambert, Tessa Conroy e Kelsey L. Thomas. "Do “banking deserts” even exist? Examining access to brick-and-mortar financial institutions in the continental United States". Applied Geography 165 (abril de 2024): 103201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103201.
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GUPTA, Prof JAGRITI. "STUDY OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKING SECTOR". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, n.º 05 (1 de maio de 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32455.
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When it comes to the change of an economy, the function that financial institutions of a country perform is absolutely essential. The financial performance of a bank over the course of its history, as well as its capacity to manage risks such as market risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk, can be used to evaluate the progress that banking institutions have made. In the 1980s, the United States of America first implemented a supervisory framework model known as "CAMEL" in order to ascertain the overall state of the bank. It is possible for the model to serve as an efficient instrument for guidance and management, as it is able to forecast future risks that may have an impact on a bank. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of three "public sector banks" and three "private sector banks" in India using the CAMEL methodology for a period of two years, specifically 2022 and 2023. A bank's financial strength is determined using the CAMEL model, which rates the banks from best to worst based on characteristics such as "capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earning, and liquidity." characteristics such as these are used to determine the strength of a bank. According to the findings of the study, the State Bank of India, the Central Bank of India, and the IDBI bank are the three banks that perform the best in terms of the CAMEL parameters among public sector banks. Similarly, according to the CAMEL composite index rating, the private sector banks in India that hold the top ranks are ICICI bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, and HDFC bank. Key Word : CAMEL model evaluates financial health of banks using capital, asset quality, management, earnings, and liquidity.
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Shim, Eunsup Daniel, e Jooh Lee. "An empirical examination of the determinant of the US financial CEOs’ compensation for the post-financial crisis period". Corporate Ownership and Control 12, n.º 1 (2014): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c2p3.
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The US financial crisis of 2008 and subsequent Global Financial Crisis were considered by many economists the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. As a results, Dodd-Frank Act has passed and aims “(1) to promote the financial stability of the United States by improving accountability and transparency in the financial system, to end "too big to fail", (2) to protect the American taxpayer by ending bailouts, (3) to protect consumers from abusive financial services practices, and for other purposes.” The enactment of Dodd-Frank Act, in part, intended to significantly influence accountability on executive compensation especially for the financial institutions. This paper empirically investigates the changes in Financial CEOs’ compensation since the Financial Crisis of 2008. Our findings show that in the post- Financial Crisis period financial leverage is significant factor influencing the CEOs’ total compensation. In addition market based performance such as stock price and market-to-book ratio shows significant positive relationship with CEO compensation. This change can be interpreted an attempt to reduce opportunistic behavior of top executives after the financial crisis and the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act
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Karadas, Serkan, e Nilufer Ozdemir. "Does Public Corruption Affect Bank Failures? Evidence from the United States". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, n.º 10 (19 de outubro de 2023): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16100451.
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Corruption influences firm behavior and performance even in relatively transparent countries like the United States. In this paper, we examine whether corruption at the state level affected bank failures during the subprime mortgage crisis. Our measure of corruption is the number of corruption convictions of government employees (adjusted for population) based on the Public Integrity Section (PIN) reports from the Department of Justice, capturing the degree of “public corruption” in the US. After disaggregating the data based on bank size and geography, we find that corruption is associated with more bank failures for smaller banks and fewer bank failures for banks located in the South. This research marks a pioneering attempt to examine the connection between corruption and bank failures while underscoring the significance of political risk for financial institutions. Given the recent setbacks experienced by Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank, this research provides valuable recommendations for policymakers. The findings suggest the need for regulators to mandate greater transparency regarding banks’ exposure to undisclosed risks, such as political risk. It also advocates for implementing internal control mechanisms to curb corrupt activities.
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Tang, Yong, Jason Jie Xiong, Zi-Yang Jia e Yi-Cheng Zhang. "Complexities in Financial Network Topological Dynamics: Modeling of Emerging and Developed Stock Markets". Complexity 2018 (1 de novembro de 2018): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4680140.
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Policy makings and regulations of financial markets rely on a good understanding of the complexity of financial markets. There have been recent advances in applying data-driven science and network theory into the studies of social and financial systems. Financial assets and institutions are strongly connected and influence each other. It is essential to study how the topological structures of financial networks could potentially influence market behaviors. Network analysis is an innovative method to enhance data mining and knowledge discovery in financial data. With the help of complex network theory, the topological network structures of a market can be extracted to reveal hidden information and relationships among stocks. In this study, two major markets of the most influential economies, China and the United States, are systematically studied from the perspective of financial network analysis. Results suggest that the network properties and hierarchical structures are fundamentally different for the two stock markets. The patterns embedded in the price movements are revealed and shed light on the market dynamics. Financial policymakers and regulators can gain inspiration from these findings for applications in policy making, regulations design, portfolio management, risk management, and trading.
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Kay, Adrian, Gillian Bristow, Mark McGovern e David Pickernell. "Fair Division or Fair Dinkum? Australian Lessons for Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in the United Kingdom". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, n.º 2 (abril de 2005): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c38m.
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Current arguments in Australia concerning horizontal fiscal equalisation may help inform the debate in the United Kingdom concerning possible changes to the Barnett formula and the establishment of financial relations with any regional governments in England. Although Australia is a long-established federation, with mature institutions for managing the financial aspects of intergovernmental relations, the most populous states are now pushing for a per-capita-based system to replace the existing formula—based on needs and costs—overseen by the independent Commonwealth Grants Commission. This has important implications for the United Kingdom, where the Barnett formula—a per capita system for deciding annual changes in the funding for the devolved administrations—has been increasingly challenged. In particular, the Barnett system has been vulnerable to nontransparent ‘formula-bypass’ agreements. We argue that the status quo in the United Kingdom appears secure as long as England remains a single entity and the UK Treasury sees the financial implications of larger per capita expenditure in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland as relatively small. However, we speculate that regionalisation of government in England would be likely to increase the pressure: to abandon the Barnett system; to look more systematically at need and cost, rather than population, as criteria for allocating funds between governments; and to move towards an Australian-type system. However, the recent experience of Australia also shows that larger states prefer a per-capita-based system allied to more political, less transparent, arrangements to deal with ‘special circumstances’. It may be that a Barnett-type formula would suit the new ‘dominant states’ in a fully federalised United Kingdom which would, ironically, create an alliance of interests between Scotland and London.
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Ngozi Samuel Uzougbo, Chinonso Gladys Ikegwu e Adefolake Olachi Adewusi. "Cybersecurity compliance in financial institutions: A comparative analysis of global standards and regulations". International Journal of Science and Research Archive 12, n.º 1 (30 de maio de 2024): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.1.0802.
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Cybersecurity is a critical concern for financial institutions worldwide, given the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of global standards and regulations governing cybersecurity compliance in financial institutions. By examining the regulatory frameworks of key jurisdictions, including the United States, the European Union, and Asia-Pacific countries, this study aims to identify common trends, differences, and best practices in cybersecurity compliance. The analysis begins by outlining the regulatory landscape for cybersecurity in financial institutions, highlighting the key objectives and principles underlying these regulations. It then compares the regulatory frameworks of different regions, focusing on areas such as data protection, incident response, and risk management. By examining the specific requirements and guidelines set forth by each jurisdiction, this study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of current cybersecurity regulations and offers recommendations for enhancing compliance and resilience. One of the key findings of this study is the increasing convergence of global cybersecurity standards, driven by the interconnected nature of the financial sector and the need for harmonized regulatory approaches. While differences in regulatory frameworks still exist, particularly in areas such as data protection and breach notification, there is a growing recognition of the need for international cooperation and information sharing to combat cyber threats effectively. The study also highlights the challenges faced by financial institutions in achieving cybersecurity compliance, including resource constraints, evolving cyber threats, and the complexity of regulatory requirements. It underscores the importance of implementing robust cybersecurity measures, such as encryption, multi-factor authentication, and regular security audits, to mitigate these challenges. In conclusion, this comparative analysis provides valuable insights into the global landscape of cybersecurity compliance in financial institutions. By identifying common trends and best practices, this study aims to assist policymakers, regulators, and financial institutions in enhancing their cybersecurity posture and effectively addressing the evolving cyber threat landscape.
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Weitz, Rob, Viswa Viswanathan e David Rosenthal. "The Trilemma of 2020: Understanding Higher Education’s Fall 2020 Reopening Decision Amidst the COVID Crisis". American Business Review 24, n.º 2 (novembro de 2021): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37625/abr.24.2.32-61.
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In the summer of 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic continued to spread around the world, institutions of higher education were faced with three options in terms of their teaching modality for fall 2020: resume in-person education, switch to online delivery, or adopt a hybrid approach. This observational research study aims to tease out the variables that explain the decisions announced in summer 2020 by various colleges and universities in the United States for their planned instruction for fall 2020. We propose and test eight hypotheses related to the decision. The study found statistical confirmation that universities with higher financial stability and/or prestige tended to select the online delivery option, while lower financial stability/prestige showed a preference to stay with in-person delivery. We also found public institutions were more likely to go online than private ones. Additionally, we found statistical support for our hypotheses that universities located in Republican leaning states and also those with a religious affiliation would prefer the in-person modality. The results also confirmed our hypothesis that universities offering a higher percentage of humanities degrees would have a greater probability of choosing the in-person modality. Interestingly, we did not find statistical support for our hypothesis that the level of COVID spread in the geographical area of a university’s location would affect its decision.
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Guliyev, Eldar, Bayali Atashov e Aygun Guliyeva. "Governmental approaches to food security management: A bibliometric analysis". Environmental Economics 15, n.º 2 (19 de julho de 2024): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.15(2).2024.03.
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The government’s duty is to guarantee unimpeded access to food. Thus, relevant public policies, individual methods and tools, approaches, and strategic decisions are always the focus of attention of scientists, politicians, and government officials. Recognizing the critical importance of this imperative, this study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis that sheds light on the scientific landscape of strategic public administration of food security. The paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications (using VosViewer – from 1990 to February 2024 using Scopus and WoS scientometric databases); monographs/textbooks (using Google Books and Ngram Viewer – for 1990–2019); and trend analysis (using Google Trends – from 2004 to February 2024). The analysis showed an exponential increase in the number of publications since 2000, with peaks in 2008 (financial crisis), 2019–2020 (COVID-19), and 2023 (threat to food security due to military conflicts). The clustering of scientific papers by content showed that the most significant (red) cluster unites research that links food security to agricultural development, sustainable development, climate change, and water supply. The spatial clustering of scientific publications revealed that scientific leadership belongs to scientists from the United States and China. The largest research funders are Chinese scientific institutions. It also reflected regional differences in research focus. In particular, Italy, Switzerland, and France emphasize agricultural innovation and quality standards, while China and Australia focus on increasing yields and food storage technologies.
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Gaviyau, William, e Athenia Bongani Sibindi. "Customer Due Diligence in the FinTech Era: A Bibliometric Analysis". Risks 11, n.º 1 (3 de janeiro de 2023): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks11010011.
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This study examined the current developments in customer due diligence (CDD) in the financial technology (FinTech) era. The study of anti-money laundering (AML) and combating financing of terrorism (CFT) gained prominence after the 2007–2009 global financial crisis (GFC), in which administrative penalties were issued to financial institutions. Faced with AML regulatory compliance issues, technological solutions were or are still being developed. Thus, several technological innovation developments have shaped the future direction of the CDD aspects in the AML/CFT sphere. A bibliometric review and meta-analysis was employed for the study. The Scopus database was utilised to generate the dataset for the study, while SciVal was applied for research metric analysis. The major findings revealed that the key research themes in this area include anti-money laundering, banks and crime, and cryptocurrency, as well as blockchain and corruption. It was also established that most of the research done in this area is focused on the United Kingdom, the United States, and China. The integration of CDD with FinTech is still an emerging area that requires interdisciplinary collaborations.
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White, Andrew A., Thomas McIlraith, Anton M. Chivu, Rachel Cyrus, Christopher Cockerham, Hardik Vora e Pactrick Vulgamore. "Collaboration, Not Calculation: A Qualitative Study of How Hospital Executives Value Hospital Medicine Groups". Journal of Hospital Medicine 14, n.º 11 (24 de julho de 2019): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3249.
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receive financial support from hospitals. Determining a fair amount of financial support requires negotiation between HMG and hospital leaders. As the hospital medicine care model evolves, hospital leaders may regularly challenge HMGs to demonstrate the financial value of activities that do not directly generate revenue. OBJECTIVE: To describe current attitudes and beliefs of hospital executives regarding the value of contributions made by HMGs. DESIGN: Thematic content analysis of key informant interviews. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four healthcare institutional leaders, including hospital presidents, chief medical officers, chief executive officers, and chief financial officers. Participants comprised a diverse sample from all regions in the United States, including rural, suburban, and urban locations, and academic and nonacademic institutions. RESULTS: Executives highly valued hospitalist groups that demonstrate alignment with hospital priorities, and often used this concept to summarize the HMG’s success across several value domains. Most executives evaluated only a few key HMG metrics, but almost no executives reported calculating the HMG return on investment by summing pertinent quantitative contributions. Respondents described an evolving concept of hospitalist value and believed that HMGs generate substantial value that is difficult to measure financially. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital executives appear to make financial support decisions based on a small number of basic financial or care quality metrics combined with a subjective assessment of the HMG’s broader alignment with hospital priorities. HMG leaders should focus on building relationships that facilitate dialog about alignment with hospital needs.
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Couto, Renally Fernandes, Kettrin Farias Bem Maracajá e Petruska de Araújo Machado. "Bibliometric analysis of studies in financial education and sustainability". Research, Society and Development 11, n.º 10 (12 de agosto de 2022): e395111033014. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.33014.
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Given the increasing financialization of human life, people need to be increasingly able to manage money as a resource. Personal finance management transcends economic issues and can be discussed from the sustainability perspective in three pillars. The field of research in financial education and sustainability is remarkably recent, bringing the need to analyze the research trajectory in the area. This research is a bibliometric analysis, supported by the software VOSviewer and CitNetExplorer, and explored the course of studies in financial education and sustainability in terms of productivity by year, authors, periodicals, institutions, notable works, and words key. The main results found were that since 2011 there had been an exponential growth in publications in the area, with the United States being the country that contributed most to the field. The main research titles are related to the didactics of financial education, and the themes are more related to the social and economic spheres of sustainability. Even when composing one of the search filters in the portfolio, sustainability is still an incipient aspect when working in financial education, especially in the environmental sphere. All of this brings the need to understand the relationship between personal finance management and sustainability fully.
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Babajide Tolulope Familoni e Philip Olaseni Shoetan. "CYBERSECURITY IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USA AND NIGERIA". Computer Science & IT Research Journal 5, n.º 4 (17 de abril de 2024): 850–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i4.1046.
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This paper provides a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of cybersecurity challenges and strategies within the financial sectors of the United States of America (USA) and Nigeria. It aims to elucidate the complexities and variances in cybersecurity practices, focusing on the different approaches taken by these nations to safeguard their financial data against increasing cyber threats. Through a detailed examination of existing literature, including academic journals, industry reports, and cybersecurity incident databases, this study identifies the unique and common cybersecurity vulnerabilities, regulatory environments, and defense mechanisms employed by the financial sectors in both countries.
The review reveals that the USA's financial sector benefits from advanced cybersecurity technologies and a strong regulatory framework, yet faces challenges related to sophisticated cyber-attacks and the management of insider threats. Conversely, Nigeria's financial sector grapples with issues such as limited cybersecurity awareness, technological constraints, and evolving regulatory frameworks. Despite these disparities, both countries share the necessity of enhancing their cybersecurity posture to combat the evolving nature of cyber threats effectively.
Conclusively, the paper argues that addressing cybersecurity in the financial sector necessitates a comprehensive approach that includes not only technological solutions but also the strengthening of regulatory policies, enhancement of cybersecurity awareness, and fostering international collaboration. The comparative analysis underscores the importance of adopting best practices from each country's experience, aiming to bolster the resilience of financial institutions against cyber threats in an increasingly interconnected world.
Keywords: Cybersecurity, Financial Sector, United States, Nigeria, Digital Infrastructure, Technological Vulnerabilities, Regulatory Complexities, Human Factors, Advanced Detection, Prevention Technologies, Machine Learning, Anomaly Detection, Cybersecurity Frameworks, Awareness, Training, Culture, Public-Private Partnerships, Threat Intelligence, Best Practices, Innovation, Regulatory Foresight, Human Capital Development, Stability, Integrity, Collaboration
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Franklin, Naom G. "Non-Financial Disclosure Policies and Their Influence on the Investor Behavior in NYSE-Listed Financial Firms". Journal of Finance and Accounting 7, n.º 5 (6 de julho de 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4176.
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A country’s accounting and disclosure system is part of its financial system and more generally its institutional infrastructure. Economic theory suggests that, in well-functioning economies, the elements of the institutional infrastructure evolve to fit and reinforce each other. Thus, the accounting system is likely to be geared towards the informational and contracting needs of the key parties in the economy. Due to the existence of private information channels, financial statements are less important in terms of monitoring economic performance and assume other roles, such as determining dividends. However, for this reason, arm’s length or outside investors relying primarily on public disclosures are not as well informed in the German system as they are in Anglo-American economies. Since 2005, listed German groups have been required to prepare their consolidated accounts under International Financial Reporting Standards, IFRSs. The study was a literature based which sought to empirically assess the effect of voluntary non-financial disclosure on performance of financial firms listed on NYSE, United States. The study established that Non-financial reporting by German companies has long been a voluntary matter. As of fiscal year 2017, the CSR Directive Implementation Act makes it mandatory for some 500 large German companies. Non-financial reporting by German companies has long been a voluntary matter. Since the early 2000s, German companies have published non-financial information mostly as CSR or sustainability reports. Publishing comprehensive non-financial information will be mandatory as of fiscal year 2017 for some large German companies as a result of the CSR Directive Implementation Act. The CSR Directive Implementation Act obliges large companies of public interest, in particular, capital market-oriented companies, credit institutions, and insurance companies to publish non-financial information. The study concluded that since stock volatility is linked to information asymmetries and to a higher risk of a company, this analysis implies certain practical implications for both managers and regulators regarding the importance of specific disclosure strategy in capital markets. The study also concluded that the level of disclosed information, the interpretation and the effectiveness of forward-looking information depends on the reputation of a company. Companies disclosing nonfinancial information through sustainability reporting practices provide markets with data on their social, environmental, and governance performance. The study recommended that there is need to have a proper execution of regulatory framework which in turn increases the proper governance disclosures leading to an effective management system. Keywords: Voluntary, non-financial disclosure, performance, financial firms, listed NYSE, United States.
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Hassan, M. Kabir, William J. Hippler e Walter Lane. "U.S. community banking performance". Corporate Ownership and Control 13, n.º 1 (2015): 1150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c10p3.
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Community banking plays an important role in financial intermediation in the United States, especially in the context of providing financing in smaller, rural markets and for small businesses. However, recent trends in regulation, the economic environment, and industry practices have led to a significant decline in the amount of FDIC-chartered institutions that qualify as community banks. In addition, the share of community-bank-held assets in the United States is declining as well. The decline of the community banking industry has significant implications for the efficiency and growth of the real economy, as larger banks may not be able to serve the community banking demographic as efficiently. In this study, we develop a dataset that allows us to analyze banking data collected from all FDIC-charted institutions and published by the FDIC. We use this data to analyze the community banking industry in the U.S. We are able to report the trends, strengths, and weakness of the community banking industry for the past twenty years. In addition, we develop two sets of community banking indexes meant to assess the relative and nominal changes in the strength of the community banking industry. One set of indicators simply measure market share, while others are composite community banking indexes that represent a unique contribution to the analysis of the industry. Finally, we analyze developments in the community banking industry across the tenures of the past three FDIC Chairs, which can provide context and guidance with respect to the perspective of key regulatory officials on community banking issues. Analysis of the data shows that the community banking industry is declining in the United States. Our Community Bank Momentum Index (CMOM) shows that, on a nominal basis, the community banking industry has experienced some growth; however, our Community Banking Relative Growth Index (CRGI) shows that community banks have been weakening, relative to non-community banks.
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Dovbush, Vita, e Roman Kozhushko. "PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF CHANGES IN THE FINANCIAL REPORTING OF ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GLOBALIZATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY". Management 32, n.º 2 (16 de abril de 2021): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2415-3206.2020.2.2.
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Statement of the problem and tasks. Ukraine is a country with transitive economy characterized by creation and development of market institutions aimed at privatization of state property, deregulation and liberalization of economic relations. Transformation of economy of Ukraine requires from enterprises the application of management concepts, focused on the new conditions of economic management – uncertainty and crisis nature of market environment. The effectiveness of the implementation of new principles of management depends on the completeness and reliability of the information and analytical support of management decisions.Methods. The study used: a dialectical method, system analysis – for detailing and decomposition of the object of research into separate important constituent elements; synthesis – to summarize the various aspects of the financial statements of the enterprise.Results. The technical issues of accounting were investigated: the key differences in approaches to enterprise accounting between the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) and the Regulations (Standards) of Accounting (NARS) were determined; the impact of the identified differences on the data processing in the accounting systems was assessed. It is determined that governmental accounting rules in the United States are governed by its generally accepted GAAP accounting principles. It has been proven that conceptually, IFRS, which is used by states around the world, is more "principled" than GAAP, making it somewhat less complex and consistent, offering fewer exceptions and unique applications.Conclusions. The current trend in financial reporting is to produce integrated reports that combine financial and non-financial information. However, not all companies find it necessary to disclose more information than the amount required of them by regulators. Therefore, there is a need to standardize not only financial information, but also non-financial indicators and the very structure of an integrated report.
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van Rooij, Shahron Williams. "Adopting Open-Source Software Applications in U.S. Higher Education: A Cross-Disciplinary Review of the Literature". Review of Educational Research 79, n.º 2 (junho de 2009): 682–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654308325691.
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Higher Education institutions in the United States are considering Open Source software applications such as the Moodle and Sakai course management systems and the Kuali financial system to build integrated learning environments that serve both academic and administrative needs. Open Source is presumed to be more flexible and less costly than commercial software. This article reviews the literature from the fields of Software Engineering and Education to determine the state of the current body of knowledge around the key drivers of Open Source adoption. The author discusses gaps in the literature and identifies opportunities for more rigorous research to measure the effectiveness of Open Source software in creating a balance between sound pedagogy and business efficiencies.
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Schaefer, Mark, Erica Goldman, Ann M. Bartuska, Ariana Sutton-Grier e Jane Lubchenco. "Nature as capital: Advancing and incorporating ecosystem services in United States federal policies and programs". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, n.º 24 (16 de junho de 2015): 7383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420500112.
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The concept of nature as capital is gaining visibility in policies and practices in both the public and private sectors. This change is due to an improved ability to assess and value ecosystem services, as well as to a growing recognition of the potential of an ecosystem services approach to make tradeoffs in decision making more transparent, inform efficient use of resources, enhance resilience and sustainability, and avoid unintended negative consequences of policy actions. Globally, governments, financial institutions, and corporations have begun to incorporate natural capital accounting in their policies and practices. In the United States, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and federal agencies are actively collaborating to develop and apply ecosystem services concepts to further national environmental and economic objectives. Numerous federal agencies have begun incorporating these concepts into land use planning, water resources management, and preparations for, and responses to, climate change. Going forward, well-defined policy direction will be necessary to institutionalize ecosystem services approaches in federal agencies, as well as to guide intersector and interdisciplinary collaborative research and development efforts. In addition, a new generation of decision support tools are needed to further the practical application of ecosystem services principles in policymaking and commercial activities. Improved performance metrics are needed, as are mechanisms to monitor the status of ecosystem services and assess the environmental and economic impacts of policies and programs. A greater national and international financial commitment to advancing ecosystem services and natural capital accounting would likely have broad, long-term economic and environmental benefits.