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Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

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1

Baker, H. Kent, Satish Kumar e Nitesh Pandey. "A bibliometric analysis of managerial finance: a retrospective". Managerial Finance 46, n.º 11 (7 de julho de 2020): 1495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-06-2019-0277.

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PurposeManagerial finance (MF) started publication in 1975 and celebrated its 45th anniversary in 2019. The purpose of this study is to provide a bibliometric analysis of MF between 1996 and 2019.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the Scopus database to analyze the most frequent authors in MF along with their affiliated institutions and countries. It also identifies the most often cited MF articles. This study uses bibliometric indicators to analyze productivity and stature of MF. It also uses such tools as bibliographic coupling, keyword analysis and coauthorship analysis to analyze MF. Further, the study provides a temporal analysis of MF publishing across different ownership periods.FindingsMF publishes between 60 and 70 articles each year and its number of citations steadily grows. Although contributors to the journal come from around the globe, they most often are affiliated with the United States, the United Kingdom and Greece. Temporal analysis of journal's themes reveals that it has expanded its scope from accounting research to a much wider array of finance topics. Bibliographic coupling network analysis shows that major themes published in MF involve stock markets, corporate governance, banking, financial decision-making and initial public offerings.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the unavailability of bibliometric data, the analysis excludes an analysis of MF between 1975 and 1995.Originality/valueThis study provides the first overview of the MF's publication and citation trends as well as its thematic structure. It also suggests future directions that the journal might take.

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Denny, Danielle Mendes Thame, Douglas Castro e Emma Maxiao Yan. "AGENDA 2030 MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCE Interaction of International Investment Law and Sustainability". Veredas do Direito: Direito Ambiental e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 14, n.º 30 (18 de dezembro de 2017): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v14i30.1146.

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This work analyzes the Agenda 2030 in its main potentiality to lead public policies and private actions towards a more sustainable path. At the same time it acknowledges its dependency on measurements and finance mechanisms for the Sustainable Development Goals implementation. The main argument is that public expectations face difficulties to be translated in public actions, due to, among other factors, the lack of measurement and finance mechanisms. With this purpose it starts describing what is the Agenda 2030, and how this United Nations lead international declaration is structured to be monitored and implemented by States and others multi stakeholders. Secondly it analyses the importance of the measurements to address critical social environmental challenges and to allow comparison between the achievements of each member state. Third it remarks the role-played by international financial institutions, by international investment and by the private sector in general. Forth, the article highlights the drawbacks the methodology of goals can represent when used to overcome collective challenges marked by moral issues and diffuse impacts, being highly dependent on measurements and finance tools. The methodology chosen was the descriptive and normative, the techniques used were documentary, legislative and bibliographic research.

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Pérez-Lara, Carlos M., Doris D. Lara-Malca, Luz A. Baltodano-Nontol, Jessica E. Vicuña-Villacorta, Liliana M. Haro-León e Julio A. Rodríguez-Azabache. "Advances in Studies on Psychological Symptoms in Patients Surviving Covid-19: A Bibliometric Analysis". Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 13, n.º 1 (5 de janeiro de 2024): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2024-0018.

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Backgrounds: Currently, more than 700 million people who have acquired the COVID-19 may develop the Post COVID Condition, especially women and people with a history of mental illness, who after the acute phase of the disease will experience physical and psychological symptoms which significantly affect their quality of life. The main objective of this study was to analyze and describe the trends of published research on psychological symptoms in survivors of COVID-19 from 2019 to 2023. Method: A bibliographic search was carried out using the Scopus database, where 370 original articles published up to February 9, 2023, were identified, analyzing characteristics such as the country with the highest production, the institution with the highest number of publications, scientific journals and works with the highest number of citations and impact. Results: The leading country in the number of publications was the United States with 83 articles (22.43%). The institution with the highest production was Rey Juan Carlos University. The journal with the highest number of articles published was the International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health from Switzerland, the total number of citations for all publications was 7,525, of which 10 papers had more than 100 citations. Conclusions: An analysis of the scientific production on psychological symptoms in patients surviving COVID-19 was carried out, finding a total of 370 published articles evidencing trends and gaps in scientific production in this field. Limitations: The continuous increase in publications and the change in statistics represent a limitation for the present study because the number of publications continues to increase daily. Received: 7 September 2023 / Accepted: 24 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024

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Bennett, James R., e Christopher Lee. "Public Broadcasting in the United States: A Bibliography of Criticism, Part 2". Journal of Popular Film and Television 24, n.º 4 (janeiro de 1997): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01956051.1997.9943725.

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GILENS, MARTIN, SHAWN PATTERSON e PAVIELLE HAINES. "Campaign Finance Regulations and Public Policy". American Political Science Review 115, n.º 3 (10 de março de 2021): 1074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055421000149.

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AbstractDespite a century of efforts to constrain money in American elections, there is little consensus on whether campaign finance regulations make any appreciable difference. Here we take advantage of a change in the campaign finance regulations of half of the U.S. states mandated by the Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision. This exogenously imposed change in the regulation of independent expenditures provides an advance over the identification strategies used in most previous studies. Using a generalized synthetic control method, we find that after Citizens United, states that had previously banned independent corporate expenditures (and thus were “treated” by the decision) adopted more “corporate-friendly” policies on issues with broad effects on corporations’ welfare; we find no evidence of shifts on policies with little or no effect on corporate welfare. We conclude that even relatively narrow changes in campaign finance regulations can have a substantively meaningful influence on government policy making.

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Schmidt, Ronald. "A Selected Bibliography on Race/Ethnicity and Public Policy in the United States". Explorations in Ethnic Studies 16, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1993): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ees.1993.16.1.85.

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BADERTSCHER, BRAD, BJORN JORGENSEN, SHARON KATZ e WILLIAM KINNEY. "Public Equity and Audit Pricing in the United States". Journal of Accounting Research 52, n.º 2 (12 de março de 2014): 303–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-679x.12041.

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Jenkinson, T. J. "Initial public offerings in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan". Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 4, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1990): 428–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(90)90020-7.

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Cohn, Elchanan. "Public school finance programs of the United States and Canada, 1993–1994". Economics of Education Review 16, n.º 3 (junho de 1997): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7757(97)80187-2.

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England, Richard W. "Public School Finance in the United States: Historical Trends and Contending Interpretations". Review of Radical Political Economics 17, n.º 1-2 (março de 1985): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/048661348501700107.

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Cohn, Elchanan. "Public school finance programs of the United States and Canada, 1986–1987". Economics of Education Review 8, n.º 3 (janeiro de 1989): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7757(82)90018-8.

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Cohn, Elchanan. "Public school finance programs of the United States and Canada, 1990–1991". Economics of Education Review 12, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1993): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7757(93)90074-q.

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Ahn, Suntai. "Comparative Political Finance Among the Five Democratic States: The United States, Great Britain, Australia, Japan, and South Korea". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 16, n.º 2 (28 de fevereiro de 2002): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps16203.

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This study of comparative political fiancé deals primarily with how campaign money is regulated in five democratic states which include the United States, Great Britain, Australia, Japan, and South Korea. One central theme that can be detected in all the countries examined is that there is an universal trend towards consideration of the public funding of the electionerring process, with the United States leading the pack with a successful implementation of the public financing of its presidential elections since 1976. Japan and Korea are considered relatively newcomers in joining the ranks emerging democracies but both countries are certainly making valiant attempts at reforming their systems of campaign finances to ensure more transparency and accountability.

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Terry, Patrick C. R. "Enforcing U.S. Foreign Policy by Imposing Unilateral Secondary Sanctions: Is Might Right in Public International Law?" International Organisations Research Journal 17, n.º 1 (15 de março de 2022): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2022-01-02.

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Following the United States’ unilateral withdrawal from the agreement between the five permanent UN Security Council members, the European Union, Germany, and Iran, that intends to stop Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons, the United States has re-imposed and tightened its sanctions against Iran. The United States’ renunciation of the agreement, despite the agreement’s UN Security Council approval and verified Iranian compliance, arguably violated international law. Nevertheless, the United States is attempting to compel the other state parties (and others) to follow its policy on Iran by threatening those states’ companies and business executives with economic or even criminal sanctions to force them to cut commercial ties with Iran. Based on an in-depth discussion of the lawfulness of such secondary sanctions under public international law, this article concludes that secondary sanctions, as imposed by the United States more recently, are unlawful. The United States’ assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction is not justified under any principle of jurisdiction recognized in customary international law. In fact, the international community explicitly rejects the United States’ claims to extraterritorial jurisdiction. Furthermore, the United States seeks to undermine third states’ foreign and trade policies by targeting their citizens and businesses. United States’ sanctions policy is thus an attempt to assert control over other states’ foreign policies. This coercion amounts to an unlawful intervention into those states’ internal affairs. Lastly, the use of the United States’ superior economic power to strong-arm other states into abandoning their own foreign policy is a violation of the sovereign equality principle.

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Filatotchev, Igor, Salim Chahine e Garry D. Bruton. "Board Interlocks and Initial Public Offering Performance in the United States and the United Kingdom: An Institutional Perspective". Journal of Management 44, n.º 4 (27 de janeiro de 2016): 1620–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206315621145.

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Building on the institutional perspective on capital markets, we examine the process of legitimation that underpins investor valuation of initial public offerings in the context of institutional polycentricism. We focus on the impact of board interlocks of the CEO and internal and external board members on investor perceptions of initial public offering firms in the United States and United Kingdom. We find that the extent of board members’ interlocks relates positively to the extent of the CEO’s interlocks, but this relationship is stronger in the United Kingdom than in the United States. More extensive interlocks lead to higher valuations in the United Kingdom than in the United States. This is the result of differences in institutional confluences that underpin corporate governance in the two culturally related countries.

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Gokcekus, Omer, e Dennis Nottebaum. "Public Finance, Special Interests, and Direct Wine Shipping Laws in the United States". Journal of Wine Economics 7, n.º 1 (maio de 2012): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2012.2.

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AbstractThis study develops thirteen criteria to detail diverging direct shipping laws of the U.S. states. It also investigates why some states have prohibitive laws by utilizing a logit regression model. Regression results provide strong support for public finance and special interest arguments: It appears that states concerned about incurring losses in tax revenues, that is, that are heavily dependent on federal aid and have low state revenues, and protecting the wholesalers and retailers that benefit from the three-tier system (at the expense of wineries and wine drinkers) are most likely to have a prohibitive law. (JEL Classification: D72, H71, Q18)

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Sylla, Richard, John B. Legler e John J. Wallis. "Banks and State Public Finance in the New Republic: The United States, 1790–1860". Journal of Economic History 47, n.º 2 (junho de 1987): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700048142.

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The U.S. Constitution, by taking away the power of the states to issue paper money, removed a major source of flexibility in state public finance. In their search for new sources of revenue and fiscal flexibility, the states discovered that the banks they chartered could fill the gap. Investment earnings and tax revenues derived from banks soon became major elements of state public finance. We discuss the nature of these early business-government relationships and provide the first systematic assessment of their relative importance in state finance.

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Flores-Macías, Gustavo A., e Sarah E. Kreps. "Borrowing Support for War: The Effect of War Finance on Public Attitudes toward Conflict". Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, n.º 5 (26 de agosto de 2015): 997–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715600762.

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How does the way states finance wars affect public support for conflict? Most existing research has focused on costs as casualties rather than financial burdens, and arguments that do speak to the cost in treasure either minimize potential differences between the two main forms of war finance—debt and taxes—or imply that war taxes do not dent support for war among a populace rallying around the fiscal flag. Using original experiments conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom, we evaluate the relationship between war finance and support for war. We find that how states finance wars has an important effect on support for war and that the gap in support resulting from different modes of war finance holds across the main democracies engaging in conflict, regardless of the type of war or individuals’ party identification. The findings have important implications for theories of democratic accountability in wartime and the conduct of conflict, since borrowing shields the public from the direct costs of war and in turn reduces opposition to it, giving leaders greater latitude in how they carry out war.

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Williams, Wiley J. "History of North Carolina Libraries and Librarianship: A Bibliography, Part III". North Carolina Libraries 62, n.º 3 (19 de janeiro de 2009): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v62i3.123.

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This is Part III of a four-part bibliography. It includes sources of library history of North Carolina colleges, universities, and community colleges, as well as general sources on North Carolina and United States library history. Part I, which was published in the Spring 2004 issue of North Carolina Libraries, included sources of library history of North Carolina public libraries in general, and histories of publiclibraries in Alamance through Guilford counties. Part II, which was published in the Summer 2004 issue, included the histories of public libraries in Halifax through Yadkin counties.

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Dauster, Bill. "The Monster that Ate the United States Senate". Public Budgeting Finance 18, n.º 2 (junho de 1998): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0275-1100.1998.01136.x.

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Verstegen, Deborah A. "Public education finance systems in the United States and funding policies for populations with special educational needs." education policy analysis archives 19 (29 de julho de 2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v19n21.2011.

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This research investigates state finance policies for public education using survey methodology. The purpose is to update previous work and the existing knowledge base in the field as well as to provide a compendium of finance and policy options that are used across the states to finance public elementary and secondary schools. Chief state school officers or their designee were queried; data were provided for all 50 states and posted on the web for verification. This article presents the findings together with crosscutting themes including major state apportionment policies for K-12, special student populations, capital outlay provisions and transportation funding.

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Podgursky, Michael, e Matthew Springer. "Teacher Compensation Systems in the United States K-12 Public School System". National Tax Journal 64, n.º 1 (março de 2011): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2011.1.07.

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Frank, Zephyr. "Early Globalization and the Economic Development of the United States and Brazil. By John DeWitt. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002. Pp. 178." Journal of Economic History 63, n.º 1 (março de 2003): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703611800.

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The author of this ambitious volume tackles the question: why is the United States rich and Brazil poor? Given the importance of the question and the promising comparative approach, readers of this JOURNAL will be tempted to look into John DeWitt's book. Unfortunately, they are likely to be disappointed. The author claims that internal and external factors combined to generate growth in the United States and to breed underdevelopment in Brazil. The external factors hinge on the purported unfairness of the international system. Brazil, according to DeWitt, was “a weak state that could be treated like a palooka and pummeled with impunity” (p. 113). The internal factors of growth or backwardness adduced in the book are based on a series of case studies of regions or industries, such as coastal towns or whaling, along with generalizations about plantation economics. Although there are many useful insights sprinkled throughout the book, the methodology and bibliography are confused and outdated: there are no time series or statistical tests employed in the text; quantitative data are few and almost entirely descriptive; and no mention is made of recent publications emphasizing institutions and factor endowments as sources of economic divergence between the United States and Latin America. In particular, it is troubling that no mention is made in the text or bibliography to Stephen Haber's edited volume, How Latin America Fell Behind (Stanford, CT: Stanford University Press, 1997). This omission prevents DeWitt from addressing the standard text in the literature and severely detracts from the volume's credibility.

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Hoag, Christopher. "Clearinghouse loan certificates as interbank loans in the United States, 1860–1913". Financial History Review 23, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2016): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565016000196.

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Before the founding of the Federal Reserve, bank clearinghouse associations served as an emergency lending facility during the National Bank Era (1863–1913). This article clarifies the operation of clearinghouse loan certificates during panic periods. If clearinghouse loan certificates do not circulate among the general public, then they bear similarities to interbank loans among clearinghouse member banks. In general, the central clearinghouse organization does not act alone as a lender of last resort to make loans from the central clearinghouse to individual member banks.

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Gabriel, Seth, e Jordan Head. "The Private Finance Initiative: An Innovative Procurement Tool for Today's Public Administrators". Policy Perspectives 13, n.º 1 (1 de maio de 2006): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v13i1.4142.

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The Private Finance Initiative is an innovative public-private partnership first pioneered in the United Kingdom. The initiative's goal is to obtain higher quality public services at a lower cost to the public by engaging the private sector. The program relies on private financing and expertise, output-based contract specifications, performance-based payment mechanisms, and negotiated risk transfers to achieve this goal. This article discusses the initiative's successes and failures using Her Majesty's Prison Service as a case study. The article finds that, while the program has limitations, the evidence of its successes suggests that American administrators should consider it as a procurement tool for public services in the United States.

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Cumming, Douglas, e Dan Li. "Public policy, entrepreneurship, and venture capital in the United States". Journal of Corporate Finance 23 (dezembro de 2013): 345–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2013.09.005.

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Pauly, Mark V. "Why the United States does Not Have Universal Health Insurance: A Public Finance and Public Choice Perspective". Public Finance Review 30, n.º 5 (setembro de 2002): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114210203000502.

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Williams, Wiley J. "History of North Carolina Libraries and Librarianship: A Bibliography, Part IV". North Carolina Libraries 62, n.º 4 (10 de janeiro de 2009): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v62i4.110.

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This is the final installment of a four-part bibliography that covers North Carolina and United States archives and manuscript collections; personal papers of notable N.C. librarians and library educators; and sources on N.C. and U.S. librarians and library benefactors, public documents, and special collections and private libraries. Part I, which was published in the Spring 2004 issue of North Carolina Libraries, included sources of library history of N.C. public libraries in general, and histories of public libraries in Alamance through Guilford counties. Part II, which was published in the Summer 2004 issue, included the histories of public libraries in Halifax through Yadkin counties. Part III, which was published in the Fall 2004 issue, included sources of library history of N.C. colleges, universities, and community colleges, as well as general sources on N.C. and U.S. library history.

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McCarthy, Michael A. "The Politics of Democratizing Finance: A Radical View". Politics & Society 47, n.º 4 (11 de novembro de 2019): 611–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329219878990.

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How can finance be durably democratized? In the centers of financial power in both the United States and the United Kingdom, proposals now circulate to give workers and the public more say over how flows of credit are allocated. This article examines five democratization proposals: credit union franchises, public investment banks, sovereign wealth funds, inclusive ownership funds, and bank nationalization. It considers how these plans might activate worker and public engagement in decision making about finance by focusing on three modes of public participation: representative democracy, direct democracy, and deliberative minipublics. It then considers the degree to which democratization plans might be resilient to de-democratization threats from business. It argues that of the five, bank nationalization goes furthest in guarding against de-democratization threats but is still pocked with pitfalls if it relies solely on representative democracy. It argues that two criteria appear necessary for democratically durable alternatives: the active direct participation of workers and citizens and the weakening of businesses’ capacity for democratic retrenchment.

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Hayford, Charles W. "Editor’s Introduction to the Draft Bibliography". Journal of American-East Asian Relations 8, n.º 1-2 (1999): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656199793654248.

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AbstractThis Draft Bibliography, a special volume of The Journal of American– East Asian Relations, provides a selective, sparingly annotated bibliography of scholarship and public discourse in various media as an introductory guide to relations of all sorts between the United States and Canada, and China, Japan, and Korea, as well as Asian Americans from those countries. That is, it serves as a record of the scholarly field of American–East Asian relations as well as a representation of the public discourse about such relations. The intended audience is not so much research scholars in advanced stages as upper level undergraduates and graduate students in this and other fields, government and organization officials, scholars in the exploratory stage of research, teachers at the secondary level and above, acquisitions and collection librarians, and serious general readers. Our original purpose, which we still have in mind as an eventual book, was a more ambitious Guide to American–East Asian Relations to include Southeast Asia and other relevant topics, as well as a complete set of indexes, and we welcome comments and suggestions for this project based on the present draft.

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Fishback, Price V. "Social Insurance and Public Assistance in the Twentieth-Century United States". Journal of Economic History 80, n.º 2 (6 de abril de 2020): 311–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000200.

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The growth of American governments in the twentieth century included large increases in funds for social insurance and public assistance. Social insurance has increased far more than public assistance, so “rise in the social insurance state” is a far better description of the century than “rise in the welfare state.” The United States has increased total spending in these areas as much or more as have European countries, but the U.S. spending has relied less heavily on government programs. In the U.S. states largely determine the benefits for many of the public assistance and social insurance programs, leading to large variation in the benefits across the country. I develop estimates of these benefits across time and place and compare them to the poverty line, manufacturing earnings and benefits, state per capita incomes in the US, as well as GDP per capita in countries throughout the world.

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Giulietti, Corrado, Mirco Tonin e Michael Vlassopoulos. "Racial Discrimination in Local Public Services: A Field Experiment in the United States". Journal of the European Economic Association 17, n.º 1 (18 de dezembro de 2017): 165–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx045.

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Monarrez, Tomás E. "School Attendance Boundaries and the Segregation of Public Schools in the United States". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 15, n.º 3 (1 de julho de 2023): 210–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20200498.

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School segregation is determined both by residential sorting and local policies, such as the drawing of attendance boundaries and school siting. This paper develops an approach to understanding the relative importance of these factors by calculating the distance-minimizing assignment of students to schools and assessing whether actual assignments differ systematically by race. Using census data and attendance boundary maps for nearly 1,600 school districts, I find that attendance boundaries create 5 percent more integration than a distance-minimizing baseline, while school siting plays almost no role. Residential segregation alone explains more than 100 percent of school segregation in the United States. (JEL H75, I21, I28, J15, R23)

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Pauly, Mark V. "Optimal Public Subsidies of Nursing Home Insurance in the United States". Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 14, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1989): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/gpp.1989.1.

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Karadas, Serkan, e Nilufer Ozdemir. "Does Public Corruption Affect Bank Failures? Evidence from the United States". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, n.º 10 (19 de outubro de 2023): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16100451.

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Corruption influences firm behavior and performance even in relatively transparent countries like the United States. In this paper, we examine whether corruption at the state level affected bank failures during the subprime mortgage crisis. Our measure of corruption is the number of corruption convictions of government employees (adjusted for population) based on the Public Integrity Section (PIN) reports from the Department of Justice, capturing the degree of “public corruption” in the US. After disaggregating the data based on bank size and geography, we find that corruption is associated with more bank failures for smaller banks and fewer bank failures for banks located in the South. This research marks a pioneering attempt to examine the connection between corruption and bank failures while underscoring the significance of political risk for financial institutions. Given the recent setbacks experienced by Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank, this research provides valuable recommendations for policymakers. The findings suggest the need for regulators to mandate greater transparency regarding banks’ exposure to undisclosed risks, such as political risk. It also advocates for implementing internal control mechanisms to curb corrupt activities.

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Galluccio, Caterina. "Crime Prevention through Social Finance and Social Impact Bonds". Sociology and Social Work Review 7, n.º 2 (29 de dezembro de 2023): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.58179/sswr7208.

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The rate of adoption of the Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) remains substantially low despite the perceived public attention. Even considering widespread interest in the SIBs model, the low adoption mode suggests that the program is still in its early diffusion phase. In a bid to reduce or control crime rates, the SIBs model represents one of the strategies geared toward social reforms. It was initially piloted in 2010 at Peterborough prison with private financing for crucial social programs. The government could only pay returns to successful programs as an underlying condition. Besides its adoption in the United Kingdom, several states in the United States borrowed similar SIBs programs. This paper examined various aspects of measures of converting cases of recidivism into valuable financial assets and the shortcomings of such programs within the domain of the criminal justice department.

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Mayda, Anna Maria, Giovanni Peri e Walter Steingress. "The Political Impact of Immigration: Evidence from the United States". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 14, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2022): 358–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20190081.

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This paper studies the impact of immigration to the United States on the vote share for the Republican Party using county-level data from 1990 to 2016. Our main contribution is to show that an increase in high-skilled immigrants decreases the share of Republican votes, while an inflow of low-skilled immigrants increases it. These effects are mainly due to the indirect impact on existing citizens’ votes, and this is independent of the origin country and race of immigrants. We find that the political effect of immigration is heterogeneous across counties and depends on their skill level, public spending, and noneconomic characteristics. (JEL D72, J15, J24, J61, R23)

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Baylis, Patrick, e Judson Boomhower. "The Economic Incidence of Wildfire Suppression in the United States". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 15, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2023): 442–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20200662.

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This study measures the degree to which public expenditures on wild-fire protection subsidize development in harm’s way. We use administrative data on firefighting expenditures to measure the causal effect of nearby homes on the amount spent to extinguish wildfires. We use these estimates in an actuarial calculation yielding geographically differentiated expected implicit subsidies for homes across the western United States. The expected net present value of this subsidy can exceed 20 percent of home value, increases with fire hazard, and decreases surprisingly steeply with development density. We discuss potential behavioral responses by individuals and local governments using a simple economic model. (JEL D91, Q23, Q54, R52, R58)

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Li, Yaling, Yuting Li e Rui Liu. "Public Finance Policy and Technological Innovation in China". E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 03034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127503034.

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Technological innovation is the core power to promote economic growth, and public financial policy plays an important role in stimulating enterprises to carry out technological innovation. The new technological revolution has not only provided opportunities but also posed serious challenges to developing countries. We must adapt to the development trend of the new technological revolution, change the traditional model of economic development, formulate new development strategies, improve existing public policies, constantly raise the level of science and technology, and embark on the road of making China a technologybased country. By analyzing the relationship between technological innovation and public financial policy, this paper draws out the shortcomings of China’s existing fiscal policy in promoting technological innovation, and makes a comparative analysis of the fiscal policy of the United States and draws on its experience, so as to get the technical innovation suggestions under China’s public financial policy.

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Shen, Francis X. "The Law and Neuroscience Bibliography: Navigating the Emerging Field of Neurolaw†". International Journal of Legal Information 38, n.º 3 (2010): 352–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500005916.

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In the past five years, we have witnessed extraordinary growth in the amount of legal scholarship, legal practice, and public policy at the intersection of law and neuroscience. For instance, in 2010 the first Daubert hearing was held on the admissibility of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) lie detection evidence; a Florida court was the first in the nation to admit quantitative encephalography (qEEG) evidence; and a Supreme Court decision on life imprisonment for minors cited brain development research. In France, the Prime Minister established the first Neuroscience and Public Policy program within the France Ministry for Social Affairs, and in the United States, multiple state legislators proposed bills related to neuroscience and law. Academics, too, have taken notice, with a number of symposia being offered around the country over the past few years.

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Steindel, Steven J., e Marianne K. Simon. "Characterization of Microorganism Identification in the United States in 1996". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, n.º 7 (1 de julho de 2001): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-0913-comiit.

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Abstract Context.—The National Inventory of Clinical Laboratory Testing Services (NICLTS) was designed to give an unbiased estimate of all patient testing performed by laboratories registered under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments in 1996. Objective.—Survey data were used to develop a profile of laboratory testing primarily intended to identify microorganisms or antibodies to these microorganisms. Design.—Estimates of the extent of microorganism identification were derived from the NICLTS database by identifying associated tests and methods. The volumes for tests performed at locations that primarily prepared blood components for distribution were excluded. Organisms of public health importance were identified from the National Notifiable Disease list maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Participants.—Laboratories that were enrolled in the 1996 Online Certification Survey and Reporting System, maintained by the US Health Care Finance Administration, and that performed laboratory testing in 1996. Outcome Measure.—Estimated volumes and associated confidence limits by test, method, specimen type, public health importance, and testing location. Results.—Excluding testing of the blood supply, 315 million tests (95% confidence limits, 280–354 million tests) were performed in the United States for microorganism identification. Those tests for which public health consensus requires national reporting represented 38% of this total. Although hospitals performed 46% of all microorganism identification, they only performed 33% of the testing for microorganisms of public health importance. Independent and specialty laboratories performed 38% of all testing but 65% of the testing for microorganisms of public health importance. Direct methods (methods not involving culture) were used in 77% of the tests for microorganisms of public health importance and in 42% of all identification tests. Conclusions.—The distribution of microorganism identification testing found using NICLTS data is consistent with plans to modernize the public health surveillance system in the United States.

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Geiger, Roger L. "The Dynamics of Private Higher Education in the United States: Mission, Finance and Public Policy". Higher Education Policy 3, n.º 2 (junho de 1990): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/hep.1990.22.

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Muscatelli, Anton, Graeme Roy e Alex Trew. "PERSISTENT STATES: LESSONS FOR SCOTTISH DEVOLUTION AND INDEPENDENCE". National Institute Economic Review 260 (2022): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2022.5.

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AbstractThe equilibrium size of a nation state is, in part, the result of a trade-off between the gains from scale economies in the provision of public services and the costs of applying uniform policy to heterogeneous cultural, institutional and geographical fundamentals. Changes in such fundamentals can thus place pressure on states to reform over time. We consider this dynamic state formation process in the context of Scotland within the United Kingdom. First, we review the recent research in economic history on the persistence and evolution of such fundamentals. Second, we consider the history of Scotland both before and after the 1707 Act of Union in the light of that broader economic history literature. We conclude with some implications of fundamental persistence for current debates on the place of Scotland within the United Kingdom.

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Wadhwani, R. Daniel. "The Institutional Foundations of Personal Finance: Innovation in U.S. Savings Banks, 1880s–1920s". Business History Review 85, n.º 3 (2011): 499–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000768051100078x.

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The system of personal finance that developed in the United States was more fragmented than comparative arrangements in most industrializing countries, where savings banks had become large, diversified financial institutions. The federalist political structure of the U.S., combined with lobbying by existing intermediaries, inhibited the establishment of a centralized public provider of financial services for households such as emerged elsewhere. Moreover, the United States did not develop strong, diversified savings institutions at the local level, due in part to regulations that stifled innovation by savings banks and in part to the risk-averse organizational culture of the banks themselves. These factors enabled the proliferation of specialized intermediaries that aggressively marketed new financial services to households and facilitated the growth of new patterns of financial behavior among ordinary Americans.

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Chen, Can. "Maximizing Efficiency in State Infrastructure Finance: The Role of Competition, Citizen Monitoring Capacity, and Institutions". American Review of Public Administration 48, n.º 8 (14 de dezembro de 2017): 915–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074017746755.

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In the United States, despite record levels of public infrastructure spending, evidence on rising traffic congestion and deteriorating infrastructure condition raises questions about the efficiency of government infrastructure spending. This research aims at empirically assessing and explaining the relative efficiency in producing public highway infrastructure outcomes among American states. To achieve this purpose, a semiparametric analysis—the two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis method—is applied to examine how highway infrastructure efficiency scores can be estimated and explained by a number of exogenous variables among 47 American states from 1995 to 2009. This study finds that there is a large efficiency variation among states in terms of producing quality highway infrastructure services. Furthermore, interstate competition, jurisdiction size, fiscal capacity, and political and fiscal institutions are the key factors influencing the efficiency performance of state highway infrastructure systems.

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Gunlicks, Arthur B. "German Federalism and Recent Reform Efforts". German Law Journal 6, n.º 10 (1 de outubro de 2005): 1283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200014322.

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In both the United States and Germany constitutional lawyers, politicians, and the attentive public speak of “dual federalism.” In the United States this means that the federal government and the states have separate political and administrative responsibilities and their own sources of revenues. In Germany, in contrast, dual federalism means that the federal government, i.e., the executive and legislative branches, are responsible for most legislation, and that the Länder (states; singular, Land) generally administer the laws (in large part through their local governments) on their own responsibility. In both federal systems “dual federalism” has been undermined if not replaced by “cooperative federalism,” generally associated with the New Deal era in the United States and the Finance Reform of 1969 in Germany. In the meantime “intergovernmental relations” has more or less replaced the concept of “cooperative federalism” in the United States, while Politikverflechtung (political/policy interconnection and coordination) is perhaps the more commonly used term in Germany today. In both cases the new terms reflect an interrelationship among federal, regional, and local levels that goes beyond mere cooperation.

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Haines, Michael R. "Inequality and Childhood Mortality: a Comparison of England and Wales, 1911, and the United States, 1900". Journal of Economic History 45, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1985): 885–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700035154.

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An index of childhood mortality is proposed as a good measure of socioeconomic well-being and inequality. The index is used to investigate the relationship between childhood mortality and occupation and income of parents. The sources consist of the 1900 United States Census public-use sample and the published 1911 Census of Marriage and Fertility of England and Wales. Results revealed more inequality in mortality and income across social-class groupings in England and Wales than in the United States. The outcome arose more because of relatively higher childhood mortality for white-collar groups in the United States than because of a better situation for blue-collar groups.

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Collado, M. Dolores, e Iñigo Iturbe-Ormaetxe. "Public transfers to the poor: is Europe really much more generous than the United States?" International Tax and Public Finance 17, n.º 6 (3 de agosto de 2010): 662–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-010-9143-y.

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Moroz, Ivanna. "Peculiarities of public debt management policy in the United States of America: experience for Ukraine". ScienceRise, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002040.

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The object of research is the policy of public debt management of the United States of America and Ukraine. The problem solved is the low level of efficiency of the policy of public external and internal debt management of Ukraine in the context of financing economic growth. The main scientific results: based on the analysis of the policy of public debt management of the United States of America, it has been proved, that the public debt and the US budget deficit should be perceived not as a problem or threat to macroeconomic stability, but as a tool to stimulate economic growth. It is substantiated, that in order to optimize the policy of internal and external public debt management of Ukraine it is expedient to introduce a debt rule, which is based on the program-targeted method of attracting public debt and provides for the use of public borrowing exclusively to finance economic development programs. In this case, Ukraine, following the example of the United States, will be able to achieve sustainable economic growth, because changing the priorities from debt financing of current state budget expenditures to financing capital expenditures will allow the Ukrainian government to develop economic infrastructure, create conditions for high value-added goods and to develop small and medium business, which will ultimately ensure macroeconomic stability and progressive economic development of the state. The scope of practical use of research results. The results of the study can be used by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, and in particular by the Ministry of Finance during the formation of the Medium-Term public debt management strategy of Ukraine. Innovative technological product: The debt rule is based on the program-target method of attraction and use of the state internal and external debt that allows to use effectively the state borrowings for financing of economic growth. Scope of application of an innovative technological product: Policy of management of the state internal and external debt of Ukraine

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Reichenberg, Neil E. "Pay Equity in Review". Public Personnel Management 15, n.º 3 (setembro de 1986): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102608601500301.

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This article provides an overview of pay equity as well as an update of recent developments concerning this issue. The article summarizes the arguments advanced by pay equity advocates and opponents. There is a discussion of the leading court decisions which is organized as cases brought before and after the United States Supreme Court's landmark decision in the case of County of Washington v. Gunther, 452 U.S. 161 (1981). The position of the Reagan Administration, as set forth by the Department of Justice and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission also is summarized. The article includes a description of the legislation pending before the 99th United States Congress along with state legislative developments. The final section of the article is a pay equity bibliography.

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