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ZHAO, MINGHUA, e MARAGTAS S. V. AMANTE. "Chinese and Filipino Seafarers: A Race to the Top or the Bottom?" Modern Asian Studies 39, n.º 3 (julho de 2005): 535–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x04001660.
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All countries with significant coastlines and groups of islands inevitably produce seafarers at some time or other in the course of their economic development, and the two countries which are the subject of this paper are no exceptions. Chinese ships and seafarers were famously exploring the Indian Ocean more than a century before the arrival of the Portuguese and once the Spanish Pacific empire was established in the sixteenth century, the ships linking Mexico to Manila were mainly crewed by Filipinos. And it need hardly be said that Chinese and Filipinos have both been employed by foreign ship-owners throughout the twentieth century. What is unquestionably new is the magnitude of Filipino seafarers' employment in the world's merchant ships and the extraordinary growth of China as a nation with a major stake in the shipping industry, both as ship-owner and as a source of seafarers.
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Setyanti, Axellina Muara, e Setyo Tri Wahyudi. "Foreign Direct Investment and Youth Employment Causality: Evidence From ASEAN-5 Countries". Jurnal Economia 17, n.º 2 (30 de outubro de 2021): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/economia.v17i2.36447.
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Abstract: FDI - employment relationship has been a major concern of many researchers due to it's various findings. FDI is stated that able to trigger growth in employment, however, on the other hand, some have found that employment conditions affect FDI inflow. Meanwhile, several studies found a bidirectional relationship, or even no-relationship. With a focus on youth employment, this study aimed to examine the link between FDI and youth employment in ASEAN-5 countries. From the results of the Granger Causality test, it was found that in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore the FDI inflow is leading to youth employment, while in Thailand, the relationship is vice versa. Overall, there is no bidirectional causal relationship between FDI and youth employment in ASEAN-5 countries.Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Youth Employment, Granger Causality, ASEAN-5 Kausalitas Penanaman Modal Asing dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Muda: Bukti dari Negara-negara ASEAN-5Abstrak: Keterkaitan antara FDI dan penyerapan tenaga kerja telah menjadi perhatian utama banyak peneliti karena temuan yang beragam. FDI dinyatakan dapat memicu pertumbuhan lapangan kerja, namun di sisi lain, beberapa peneliti menemukan bahwa kondisi ketenagakerjaanlah yang mempengaruhi arus masuk FDI. Sementara itu, beberapa penelitian lain menemukan adanya hubungan dua arah, atau bahkan tidak ada hubungan. Dengan fokus pada penyerapan tenaga kerja muda, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara FDI dan penyerapan tenaga kerja muda di negara-negara ASEAN-5. Dari hasil uji kausalitas Granger ditemukan bahwa di Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, dan Singapura, aliran FDI yang masuk mengarah pada pada penciptaan lapangan kerja bagi kaum muda, sedangkan di Thailand ditemukan hubungan yang sebaliknya. Secara keseluruhan, tidak ditemukan hubungan kausal dua arah antara FDI dan penyerapan tenaga kerja muda di negara-negara ASEAN-5.Kata kunci: Penanaman Modal Asing, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Muda, Kausalitas Granger, ASEAN-5
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Einarsdóttir, Þorgerður, Thamar M. Heijstra e Guðbjörg Linda Rafnsdóttir. "The politics of diversity: Social and political integration of immigrants in Iceland". Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 14, n.º 1 (30 de maio de 2018): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2018.14.1.6.
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The ethnic diversity of modern states raises the question of where successful countries are in terms of immigrant inclusion. The number of immigrants in Iceland has increased significantly since 2004, and by the end of 2016, immigrants made up around 10% of the population of Iceland. Research reveals a gap between immigrants and natives in terms of social and political inclusion. This paper examines the social and political integration of male and female immigrants in Iceland via comparisons with the native population. We ask how native Icelanders and people with a non-Icelandic background experience their social position and political participation within Icelandic society. We focus on political efficacy, ideas about what makes a good citizen, and subjective status position as indicators of the degree of social and political integration. We use data from the 2014 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) on Citizenship, which is based on a random sample of 2,000 individuals and random samples of 600 individuals each targeting two of the largest immigrant groups in Iceland—Lithuanians and Poles—as well as the largest Asian immigrant group: Filipinos. Although the findings show integration of immigrants up to a certain extent, the differences between Icelandic and non-Icelandic participants are apparent and include certain disadvantages for participants with a foreign background. Although other variables—such as income, education, paid employment status, and age—play a larger role in social and political status than foreign nationality, the findings of this study suggest that there is room to improve the integration of immigrants in Iceland.
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Meniado, Joel C. "Second Language Acquisition: The Case of Filipino Migrant Workers". Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.1p.47.
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Many Filipino migrant workers (overseas Filipino workers) in their status as adult learners struggle in learning the local language of their host countries to native-like proficiency level. With the aim of establishing a second language (L2) acquisition pattern that may be useful in designing responsive adult training and welfare programs, this study examines how these workers acquire their L2s and what factors influence their rate and success in L2 learning. Utilizing mixed methods research design with 15 overseas Filipino workers as samples who learned various local languages in 10 different host countries, this study reveals that immersion and actual use of the target language in authentic communicative situations can make language acquisition easier. Findings of this study also confirm that instrumental and integrative motivation coupled with strong target language (TL) community support can make L2 learning faster, while old age and non-necessity of the L2 at work can make the whole process slower. In terms of communication strategies, findings show that syntactic avoidance is the most common communication strategy used, followed by direct appeal to authority (native speakers) and use of gestures, facial expressions, and translation tools. As foreign workers, their motivational orientations in learning their L2 are for employment, cultural understanding, and cultural integration. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to second language teaching among adult language learners and overseas workers.
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Böhning, W. R. "Conceptualizing and Simulating the Impact of the Asian Crisis on Filipinos' Employment Opportunities Abroad". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 7, n.º 2-3 (junho de 1998): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689800700211.
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In the absence of hard registration or survey data on return migrants, this paper first seeks to identify the factors that reduce Filipinos' employment opportunities in countries affected by the current crisis and then carries out two rounds of simulation to estimate the orders of magnitude involved. The first round consists of a simple employment elasticity exercise. The second takes account of anticipated sectoral, occupational or other impacts. Finally, the paper briefly lists the measures available to the Government to deal with return migration.
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Kurus, Bilson. "Migrant Labor: The Sabah Experience". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 7, n.º 2-3 (junho de 1998): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689800700208.
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Sabah has been the recipient of countless migrants for centuries. The most recent of these are largely Indonesians and Filipinos who come for economic reasons. The current economic turmoil has affected the capacity of the state to provide employment to both local and foreign workers. While Sabah is working towards reducing its dependence on foreign workers, it is likely that Sabah will continue to depend on migrant workers in the short and immediate term. The Sabah experience suggests that a more systematic approach is needed to regulate the flow of migrant labor in the region. But for this to succeed, the support and cooperation of all the relevant parties would be essential.
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Pante, Michael D. "Rickshaws and Filipinos: Transnational Meanings of Technology and Labor in American-Occupied Manila". International Review of Social History 59, S22 (14 de agosto de 2014): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859014000315.
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AbstractThis article tells the hitherto unknown history of the rickshaw in the Philippines. The Filipinos’ encounter with this transport mode was brief and largely revolved around a failed rickshaw business in Manila in 1902. The venture quickly fizzled out, but not without controversy, deeply rooted in the colliding socio-political forces in the city at that time: the reliance on a non-motorized transport system; the consolidation of American colonial rule against the backdrop of an ongoing revolution; the birth of the first Filipino labor federation; and the implementation of a law banning the employment of Chinese workers from unskilled trades. The controversy turned the rickshaw into a disputed symbol. On the one hand, the rickshaw enterprise was criticized by Filipino carriage drivers and nationalist labor leaders, who viewed the vehicle as an essentially foreign apparatus that would enslave Filipinos. On the other hand, the Americans used the Filipinos’ opposition to the rickshaw to prove the supposed un-modernity of the lazy native workers, who failed to grasp the idea of the dignity of labor. These disputes were inextricably linked to the clash of discourses between Filipino nationalism and colonial modernity, two competing perspectives both influenced by a comparative transnational frame.
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Kharel, Khom Raj, e Yadav Mani Upadhyay. "Labour Migration and Economic Impact in Nepal and Sri Lanka". Management Dynamics 24, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/md.v24i2.50035.
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Nepal and Sri Lanka are recognized as labour-exporting countries. The flow of labor migration in foreign labor markets has been increasing each year. Trends of foreign labor migration started to increase in both countries after 1990. Both countries are categorized under income group countries. Foreign employment has become one of the nation's main household income and foreign exchange earnings sources. After the 1990s, Remittance contributed to foreign exchange earnings and had a favourable impact on the balance of payments, solving unemployment problems, reducing poverty, and boosting economic growth. This study aims to examine the impact of foreign employment on Remittance and the economic growth of these economies. The impact of labor migration on macroeconomic variables (balance of payments, economic growth) has been measured using statistical tools such as correction and regression models from 1995-2019. The study finds that the flow of Remittance has increased and positively impacted macroeconomic variables in the study periods. The study shows that foreign employment has become the main destination for the youths of both countries. The results showed a positive relationship between foreign employment and Remittance and a positive impact on economic growth.
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McDermott, John H. "Foreign-exchange rationing and employment in industrializing countries". Journal of International Economics 27, n.º 3-4 (novembro de 1989): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(89)90054-8.
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Askarova, Mukhabbat. "REGIONAL ASPECTS OF PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES ACTIVITIES IN UZBEKISTAN". Economics and Education 24, n.º 3 (30 de junho de 2023): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55439/eced/vol24_iss3/a32.
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In foreign countries, private employment agencies have been established to solve the problem of unemployment. The article discusses and analyzes the activities of private employment agencies in developed and developing foreign countries. In addition, the regional activities of private employment agencies in Uzbekistan were studied and scientific proposals for their development were developed.
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Setyaningsih, Rita Pawestri. "TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA DALAM KONTEKS MASYARAKAT TAIWAN YANG MENUA". Jurnal Kajian Wilayah 7, n.º 2 (29 de dezembro de 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkw.v7i2.747.
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Taiwan’s ageing population has boosted the high rate of demand for caretakers. Many caretakers came from Southeast Asian countries such as the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia. Since 2005 Indonesian Workers have dominated the market share of the welfare sector. However in 2015 the Indonesian government launched a zero-maid policy, in order to terminate the sending of unskilled workers. The other goal is to provide better protection for migrant workers abroad. Taiwan becomes one of the targets of this policy. In fact, this policy will certainly create great impact on the supply of labor in the welfare sector in the future. Moreover, Taiwan has launched a national ten-year long-term care. So, how the Taiwanese government respond to this policy? Will the Indonesian workers’ shalt position be replaced by other Southeast Asian workers? This article aims firstly, to understand the position of migrant workers among other foreign workers working in the welfare sector in Taiwan. Secondly, to understand the Taiwan government’s efforts in response to the Indonesian government’s plan. This study uses literature study and interviews. This issue will be analyzed using economic and social approaches. The data used are from the range of 1992 to 2015.Keywords: ageing society, Taiwan, Indonesian workers, employment policyAbstrakPenuaan penduduk Taiwan mendorong tingginya laju permintaan akan tenaga perawat. Selama ini tenaga perawat didatangkan dari negara-negara Asia Tenggara, seperti Filipina, Vietnam, Thailand, dan Indonesia. Sejak 2005 Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) mendominasi pangsa pasar sektor kesejahteraan sosial. Namun di tahun 2015, Pemerintah Indonesia mencanangkan zero-maid policy, yaitu penghentian pengiriman TKI tidak terampil. Tujuannya tidak lain adalah untuk memberikan perlindungan yang lebih besar bagi TKI di luar negeri. Taiwan menjadi salah satu target dari kebijakan ini. Kebijakan ini tentu akan berdampak pada ketersediaan tenaga kerja pada sektor kesejahteraan sosial di Taiwan di masa depan. Apalagi Taiwan sudah mencanangkan national ten-year long-term care. Lantas, bagaimana respon pemerintah Taiwan terhadap kebijakan ini? akanlah TKI digantikan posisinya oleh TKA lainnya? Artikel ini bertujuan untuk pertama, memahami posisi TKI di antara tenaga kerja asing lainnya yang bekerja di sektor informal di Taiwan. Kedua, memahami upaya pemerintah Taiwan dalam menanggapi rencana pemerintah Indonesia tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan studi literatur dan wawancara. Persoalan ini akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan ekonomi dan sosial. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari tahun 1992 hingga 2015.Kata kunci: ageing society, Taiwan, TKI, kebijakan ketenagakerjaan
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Joshi, Uttam Lal. "Relevancy of foreign employment in the present context of Nepal". International Research Journal of MMC 1, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/irjmmc.v1i1.34117.
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There is more charm on foreign employment since decades. Due to lack of employment opportunities in public and private sectors, Nepali people are motivated to go foreign countries for job opportunities. Handsome salaries, respected life, relief from poverty and fulfillment of needs – these are the common motivators that lead people for foreign employment. This can be right in one aspect but there are a lot of evidences and scenarios that show foreign employment is not so easier and fruitful as it is thought. Foreign employees have to face many more difficulties and obstacles in foreign countries that one will explain after his return to home country. So the income from their hard labor must be utilized in proper sectors. Various data in this study show the foreign employment is not so safe. Here, the time series data from 2002/03 to 2019 are taken for the study of the relationship between remittance and investment. The regression analysis with P-value 0.000 at 5% significant level (α= 0.05) which shows that the remittance from foreign employment has been used in investment anyway. It will help to find the productivity, relevance and proper use of the income from foreign employment.
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Reyes, Anselmo. "Foreign Direct Investment in the Philippines and the Pitfalls of Economic Nationalism". Journal of World Investment & Trade 18, n.º 5-6 (7 de dezembro de 2017): 1025–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340081.
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Abstract Recent trends in Philippine growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) reveal only modest achievements, when compared with other ASEAN countries, and little impact on income inequality. These outcomes are attributed to the policy of economic nationalism in the Philippines’ constitutional and legislative framework for FDI, whereby government reserves ‘strategic’ fields to Filipinos, while foreigners face hurdles in making investments. The account doubts whether foreign nationals can safeguard investments by recourse to Philippine BITs as those reinforce economic nationalism by requiring FDI to comply with Philippine law. Poulsen’s observation that developing countries entered into bilateral investment treaties (BITs) oblivious of the risks does not seem applicable to the Philippines, which has deftly used BITs to advance economic nationalism. Litigation before domestic courts is not an alternative for protecting investor rights, but international commercial arbitration may become so in due course. The account concludes with proposals for future policy.
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Carlos, Ma Reinaruth D. "On the Determinants of International Migration in the Philippines: An Empirical Analysis". International Migration Review 36, n.º 1 (março de 2002): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00072.x.
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This article explores the roles of population, average earnings and employment rates in the sending and host countries on international migration. Using a model designed by Schultz (1982) for rural-urban migration, it also tests the validity of two hypotheses, namely, 1) the Harris-Todaro expected earnings hypothesis and 2) the symmetry hypothesis of effects of sending and host area variables on migration. The empirical analysis examines international migration from the Philippines to 26 non-Middle Eastern countries in the period 1981–1995. It uses fixed effects panel data regression method to determine the impact of the economic variables in the sending and host countries. Finally, it looks into the influence of economic transformations in the Philippines and the host countries, as well as the relaxation of migration policies by the host countries on the actual migration of Filipinos in the period 1987–1995.
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Fang, Songying, e Xiaojun Li. "Southeast Asia under Great-Power Competition: Public Opinion About Hedging in the Philippines". Journal of East Asian Studies 22, n.º 3 (novembro de 2022): 481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2022.35.
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AbstractUnder pressure to choose between the U.S. and China, Southeast Asian countries have adopted a hedging strategy: deepening economic relations with China while strengthening security cooperation with the U.S. How does the region's public view this strategy? With tensions rising in South China Sea territorial disputes, are more nationalistic individuals more likely to oppose hedging? Using an original public opinion survey conducted in the Philippines, we find that while an overwhelming majority of respondents were concerned about the territorial disputes, more nationalistic Filipinos were no more concerned than less nationalistic ones. Further, more nationalistic Filipinos were more likely to view economic relations with China as important for the Philippines and to approve of Duterte's China policy, which follows the logic of hedging. These surprising findings suggest that under the shadow of great-power competition, the link between domestic politics and foreign policy is nuanced in the Philippines, and Southeast Asia in general.
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Turayeva, Shoira, e Nasiba Kurbanova. "Theoretical aspects of employment of the population, creation of new jobs in the modernization of the economy". Новый Узбекистан: успешный международный опыт внедрения международных стандартов финансовой отчетности 1, n.º 5 (7 de abril de 2023): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/stars.university-5-pp63-66.
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The article analyzes the theoretical views on the economic category “employment of the population”. The basic models of state and regional regulation of employment in foreign countries are studied. Recommendations are given on the use of foreign experience in regulating employment in our country.
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Das, Pankaj. "CONSEQUENCES OF NEPALESE YOUTH MIGRATION TO OVERSEAS FOR FOREIGN EMPLOYMENT". Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara 6, n.º 1 (17 de junho de 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jsn.6.1.23-30.
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Nepal is an agricultural country, where migration is increasing for foreign employment. Majority of workers from Asia mostly from Nepal migrate to Middle East countries. Migrant workers working in these countries suffer from work related risk like accidents at workplace and mental sickness. Foreign migration has shifted the agricultural economy towards remittance economy. Lack of education and limited employment opportunities are the main reasons behind international labor migration. The issue of such migration needs to be addressed at the government level, to assist in managing and promoting safe migration in an effective way.Keywords: Foreign Employment, Health risks. Migration
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Josifidis, Kosta, e Novica Supic. "Sectoral distribution of FDI and employment: Evidence from post- transitional European countries". Panoeconomicus 70, n.º 4 (2023): 573–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan2304573j.
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This paper examines, from the perspective of Post-Keynesian economics, the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the employment rate in 18 post-transitional European countries from 1995 to 2021. Using a two-step system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) panel data estimator, we test the hypothesis that the employment impact of investment depends on the interaction of FDI and domestic investment in terms of crowding-in and crowding-out relationships, assuming that this relationship is sensitive to the sectoral distribution of FDI stock. Our findings suggest that the reallocation of FDI inflows from the manufacturing sector to the less labour intensive financial and information and communication technology (ICT) sectors tends to reduce the employment effect of FDI both directly and indirectly by reducing the magnitude of the crowding- in effect of FDI on domestic investment. The outcome of our study is of great interest to economic policy makers. If foreign investment displaces domestic investment and reduces employment in high value-added sectors, policies intended to attract foreign capital could be challenged and undermined. Otherwise, if foreign and domestic investment in sectors with high added value are complementary, it justifies policies aimed at attracting foreign investment.
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Bellaqa, Bashkim, Qazim Tmava e Arif Krasniqi. "Comparison of the labor market between the countries of the Western Balkans". Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 5, n.º 2, special issue (2021): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv5i2sip2.
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The improvement of the labor market, the management, the expansion of foreign direct investment, etc., all play a key role in the economic development of the Western Balkans. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and compare trends in employment, unemployment, gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), labor market management and to study the effects of foreign direct investment on employment in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) between 2015 and 2019. However, evidence for FDI’s impact is mixed (Navaretti & Venables, 2004). In terms of methodology, comparative and empirical analyses of the strength of the correlation between the dependent variable of employment and the independent variable of FDI for the countries of the Western Balkans have been conducted. Based on analyses, the employment rate in the six Western Balkan countries in 2019 has improved when compared to 2018, except in Montenegro, where it has declined. This study will contribute to enhance understanding of the labor market and the impact of FDI on employment in the Western Balkan countries
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Yadav, Shiva Kumar. "Causes of Female Labor Migration in Nepal". Patan Prospective Journal 2, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2022): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ppj.v2i2.52969.
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This is related with female labor migration in Sindhupalchowk District in Nepal. Foreign labor migration is a global phenomenon that dates back to the time when payment in return for labor was first introduced. There is no country in the world where foreign labor migration has not occurred. However, economic globalization has speeded up the process way beyond its normal pace. Fast economic growth and slow economic development made people in poorer countries migrate for a better life. While previously only men used to migrate in search of employment, recently, women are leaving for foreign employment as well. Such migration for employment has added value to the national income of the country in the form of remittance. Most of the developing countries are thriving on remittance. Labor exportation has been an important solution for internal unemployment for developing countries. It is a major source of foreign exchange. Therefore, countries like the Philippines and Indonesia have integrated labor export as part of their development strategies. In case of Nepal, remittance helped sustain the economy throughout the conflict period and it continues to be so. Nepal has adopted an open policy towards foreign labor migration. Currently, there are 108 countries approved by the Nepal government for foreign labor migration. The paper was prepared on the basis of 40 households.
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Paul, Sujan Chandra, Nusrat Jahan, Ashim Kumar Nandi e Md Asiqur Rahman. "Nexus Between FDI, Agriculture, and Rural Development: Evidence from Asian Countries". Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 11, n.º 4 (3 de novembro de 2021): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.114.311.319.
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The aim of this study is explore the effect of foreign direct investment on agriculture and rural development. For this, panel data of 46 countries from Asia were accumulated for the time frame 1991–2018. The models OLS, POLS, 2SLS, and GMM are employed in this study. The study reveals that there is a favorable association between foreign direct investment and agricultural land as percentage of total land using the models OLS, POLS, 2SLS. In stark contrast, value added for agriculture, forestry, and fishing has an unfavorable association with foreign direct investment in all models employed in the study. Furthermore, female employment in agriculture has a negative association with foreign direct investment in OLS, 2SLS and GMM models, whereas male employment in agriculture has a negative association with foreign direct investment in the POLS model only. Land under cereal production has a favorable association with foreign direct investment in all models except POLS, and permanent cropland has a favorable association with foreign direct investment in all models except GMM. In addition, rural population has a positive relationship with foreign direct investment in OLS, POLS and 2SLS and a negative relationship with foreign direct investment in GMM.
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Chernykh, N. V. "Legal Status of Academic Researchers in Russia and Foreign Countries". Actual Problems of Russian Law, n.º 7 (25 de agosto de 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.104.7.067-076.
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The article deals with the legal status of researchers in Russia and some foreign countries, classifies categories of researchers in Russia and highlights the main aspects of their legal status, identifies some problems of their legal status associated with short-term employment contracts. The author analyses the legislation covering each category of researchers on the basis of the division of the categories of researchers proposed by the author and the problems associated with unreasonable differentiation in the status of researchers. Special attention is paid to scientific workers working in educational institutions of higher and additional vocational education due to additional rights and duties, as well as in connection with the qualification requirements specified in the Professional Standard. Also, the paper highlights the problems of terminological nature, for elimination of which the author proposes to approve a uniform nomenclature of positions of researchers. The article critically evaluates the practice of transition to the conclusion of short-term employment contracts with researchers, analyzes the phenomenon of conclusion of fixed-term employment contracts in foreign countries.
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Urbański, Mariusz, Khawlah M. AL-Tkhayneh e Zurabi Shamugia. "Foreign employment in enterprises – examples from countries with different cultures". Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 9, n.º 3 (30 de março de 2022): 284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2022.9.3(17).
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Batusova, Ekaterina. "Legal Regulation of Employment Probation Period: Experience of Foreign Countries". Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, n.º 1 (2021): 244–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2021.1.244.269.
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Garnett, Richard. "State Immunity in Employment Matters". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1997): 81–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300060127.
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An area which has received little attention in the academic literature of foreign State immunity to date is that concerning immunity in employment matters.1 This omission can probably be explained by the scant case law which has hitherto existed on the subject. However, in recent years the number of decisions has increased due to the fact that employment by States of foreign nationals has become far more common. Developing countries in particular, as they seek to create new industries, have become increasingly reliant on advisers and technicians from the developed world.
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Z. Cabrera, Jeanyen Jules, Jezamie B. Etomay, Herelyn B. Majait, Farah N. Peros e Rodulfo T. Aunzo. "Sensory Acceptability of Rabbit Longganisa in The Municipality of Isabel, Leyte". Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology 05, n.º 04 (2022): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46431/mejast.2022.5408.
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In the Philippines, rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have been domesticated due to their cute nature and appearance. But unknown to many Filipinos, rabbit meat as a functional food is popular among foreign countries, especially in European countries, as it is a good source of protein with low fat and low cholesterol content. There is hesitance among Filipinos regarding rabbit meat consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the sensory acceptability of rabbit longganisa. The study used quantitative descriptive research and purposive sampling in choosing the respondents. The study was conducted in the municipality of Isabel, Leyte. A total of 130 respondents from different groups were purposely chosen for the data-gathering process. The research instrument used in this study is a modified sensory evaluation score sheet evaluated on a Five-Point Hedonic Scale. It was concluded in the study that rabbit longganisa is accepted by consumers in the locale of the study. Its sensorial properties, such as appearance, aroma, taste, juiciness, texture, tenderness, and general acceptability, have an overall description of being liked very much. It is recommended that rabbit longganisa may be considered a functional food for meals. It is a healthier food choice due to its main rabbit meat ingredient compared to pork and chicken. Rabbit longganisa could also open new doors for business opportunities in the country.
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Zhukova, V. S. "Integration of the Labor Market and the Institute of Education as a Factor of Socio-Economic Development of Regions: Foreign Experience". Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management 13, n.º 4 (9 de novembro de 2023): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1552-2023-13-4-279-287.
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Relevance. The formation of human resources, reduction of unemployment, employment of graduates of professional institutions are priority tasks of both the Russian Federation and foreign countries. Human resource potential plays one of the main roles in ensuring the welfare and economic growth of the state. A direct participant in the process of "creating" a promising specialist is a professional educational institution, where the modern educational trajectory provides for the formation of competitive personalities. Given the rapid growth rates of the economy in different regions, the real business sector needs qualified personnel, where the modern foreign labor market imposes its own requirements for skills and competencies, taking this into account, universities use tools for the effective participation of graduates in competitive market relations. The purpose is to consider foreign models of promoting the employment of graduates, to study the tools of integration of universities and enterprises in the field of employment. Objectives: to analyze the means and methods implemented by foreign countries in the process of integrating the labor market and the institute of education. To formulate the main aspects of the implementation of foreign models to promote the employment of graduates. Methodology. In this work, the following research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization and logical methods of information processing. Results. The main aspects of the implementation of foreign models of facilitating the employment of graduates are formulated, an analysis of the means and methods implemented by foreign states in the process of integrating the labor market and the institution of education is carried out. In addition, methods are proposed to improve planning and coordination of actions related to labor potential in the youth labor market. Conclusions. In the framework of cooperation between universities and enterprises in the field of employment of graduates in a number of foreign countries, an insufficient number of means and methods are used. For more effective interaction between the parties, a set of measures has been presented that will help improve the situation on the youth labor market.
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Mishra, Manmaya, e Laxman Singh Kunwar. "Overview of Foreign Labour Migration in Nepal". Patan Pragya 7, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35114.
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Migration is a major area of population and development. This study identifies the trend and destination of foreign labor migration in Nepal. Nepal’s economy is associated with the increase in foreign employment trends. Although recent trends have shown continuous increase in the pattern, there is much uncertainty on how long the trend can sustain or at what levels. Studies suggest that the demand for labour migrants in GCC (Gulf Cooperative Council) countries and Malaysia will continue in the near future, although multiple factors (not just the demand in the international market) influence any one worker’s decision to opt for foreign employment. The overall increasing number of labour permits issued is only one aspect of the foreign employment trend. Understanding associated trends is also necessary from a national development point of view: foreign employment and national development. There is need for a more comprehensive understanding of how the benefits of foreign employment can be optimized for use in national development beyond 2019.
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Dahal, Ananta Raj. "Foreign Employment and its Socio-Economic Impacts on Rural People of Nepal: A Study Based on Mahalaxmi Municipality of Lalitpur". Patan Pragya 5, n.º 1 (30 de setembro de 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30436.
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Foreign employment plays vital role in maintaining the Nepalese’s economy. This paper analyses the nature and socio-economic impacts of the foreign employment in Nepal with reference to Mahalaxmi Municipality of Lalitpur district. Main source of information of this study is primary data and some secondary data are also used for the supplementary usage of the study. Primary data were collected through the direct questionnaire method used the semi-structured for the sample area of people who were selected by judgemental sampling method. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data by the help of micro excel program. Major destination for foreign employment is Malaysia and Qatar. Employees who pursue the employment in those countries manage borrowing in interest. They collect the information about employment from brokers, manpower companies and agents. The people of the sample area have made more income from foreign employment than other occupation in local jobs and they spend for food and education. Remittance from the foreign employment has played very positive role to improve school education and better health services of the people of sample area.
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Kharel, Khom Raj. "Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal: A Study on its Impact on Employment". Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 1, n.º 1 (1 de outubro de 2020): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v1i1.34511.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role boosting industrial development and promotion of manufactured exports for the developing countries. FDI helps mobilization of capital, human and natural resources of the country, which in turn supports to make the economy dynamic and competitive. FDI is an important source of inflow of capital for economic growth and employment generation in developing countries. It also provides a package which constitutes new technologies and management techniques, financial and market access for the production and movement of goods and services. Though, attracting foreign direct investment has become the major challenges for host countries as it faces the challenges of identifying the major factors that motivate and affect the FDI location decision. That's why Nepal is at a point wherefrom it can excel for economic goals via FDI. Foreign investment is critical to enhance the transfer of capital, modern technology, management and technical skill, increase culture. This article attempts to explore the growth and trends as well as condition of FDI. The results show a significant association between the changes in FDI on Employment. The finding of multiple regression analysis between FDI and employment indicates that FDI is a significant predictor of employment.
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Bemalyan, T. G. "Employment of persons with disabilities: russian and foreign trends". Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), n.º 3 (27 de março de 2024): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2403-07.
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In modern conditions, the problem of employment of disabled people is relevant. Many people with disabilities have difficulty finding a job, and the trend in the labor market remains unchanged to reduce the number of working people with disabilities. The article presents data from the Federal State Statistics Service for 2023 on the number of disabled people, their employment and ways to find work in Russia. The foreign experience in promoting the employment of citizens with disabilities has been studied. The measures of the state policy to promote employment in the territory of the Russian Federation are outlined. The problems of employment of disabled people are indicated and ways of solving them are given, including by analogy with the experience of foreign countries.
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Irmatova, Aziza. "NON-STANDART EMPLOYMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE". INNOVATIONS IN ECONOMY 8, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9491-2020-8-6.
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The article discusses the issues of precarious work, its attractiveness for the employer and employees, classified the types of precarious work, sets out the features of their use in foreign countries and the practice of introducing it in the Republic of Uzbekistan
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Khatodia, Narender, e Raj S. Dhankar. "Foreign Capital Inflows and Growth of Employment In India: An Empirical Evidence from Public and Private Sector". International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, n.º 2 (24 de janeiro de 2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n2p189.
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The role of foreign capital in economic growth has been a burning topic of debate in countries world over including India. It is not possible for a developing country like India to grow without sufficient foreign capital inflow, technology and employment generation. The Indian government has taken many initiatives to attract foreign investment to boost the Indian economy since the liberalization process started in 1991. As a result, India has received Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to the tune of US $ 380215 million by the end of June 2015. This study has assessed the growth of employment in public and private sector by the flow of foreign capital, comprising of Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs), and NRI Deposits in India during the period 1991 to 2012. The study has also analyzed the trends of employment in public and private sectors of Indian economy. We find that overall foreign capital inflows, except for the FPI and NRI deposits, have a significant positive impact on the growth of private sector employment.
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Pianova, Marina. "Foreign experience of tax regulation of self-employment". Налоги и налогообложение, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2022): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-065x.2022.2.37727.
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The article examines and structures the foreign experience of taxation and state regulation of informally employed individuals. The object of the study is the practice of state regulation of the activities of the self-employed in a number of foreign countries. The subject of the study is tax and special legislation regulating the activities of self-employed citizens in Asia, Europe, North and South America, etc. The uncertainty of the legal status of the self-employed as a new category of taxpayers is revealed in scientific and specialized literature, the general features of the definition of the concept of "self-employed" in Russian and foreign practice are indicated. The specifics of taxation of self-employed persons in a number of foreign countries are considered, as well as the tools used for additional regulation of the activities of this category of taxpayers, such as licensing and certification, civil liability insurance, etc. Special attention is paid by the author to structuring the studied foreign experience and highlighting common country features, such as the procedures for registering the self-employed, the absence of a limit on the maximum possible income, the need for certification and licensing, participation in the social insurance and liability insurance system, the presence or absence of preferential taxation, additional support programs, etc. The novelty of the research consists in a broad review and systematization of the experience of foreign states in the areas of state regulation identified by the author: non-interference; general rules of taxation and additional regulation; special taxation. The author's approach to identifying the main scenarios of state regulation of self-employment may be of practical interest for the development of domestic practice.
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Nesterovich, O. "Experience of foreign countries in legal regulation of employment of graduates of educational institutions". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, n.º 71 (25 de agosto de 2022): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.71.31.
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The article examines the experience of foreign countries in the legal regulation of employment of graduates of educational institutions, as for the best settlement of relations on youth employment, it is advisable to pay attention to foreign experience in solving similar problems. The study briefly examines the experience of some European countries in solving youth employment problems at the national level, taking into account national specifics, economic and social situation. It is concluded that the experience of countries with developed market economies shows that the scale of state intervention in the system of the labor market is significant. A special place in the employment policy of these countries is occupied by measures to promote the employment of young people who have no practical training. States encourage employers to hire young people by providing them with special guarantees, subsidies, and tax breaks. Vocational training and retraining are important in regulating the world’s youth labor market, as the economic costs of providing these services far outweigh the costs of unemployment benefits. Currently, most Member States of the European Union are trying to facilitate the process of adaptation of young people to enter the labor market after graduation through a combination of so-called supply and demand strategies. Proposal strategies mainly include programs focused on vocational training of young people. Although each country takes into account its national, economic and social specificities when implementing youth employment programs, all youth employment programs have one thing in common - facilitating the entry of different categories of young people into the labor market by providing them with vocational training, qualifications and providing the first work experience. Mechanisms of close cooperation and interaction between the education system and the labor market play an important role in this process.
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Anisiobi, Chinwe Ann, Callistus Tabansi Okeke e Chinwe Monica Madueke. "Foreign Direct Investment and Employment Generation in Nigeria". International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, n.º 11 (2022): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61113.
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FDI as a growth stimulating factor is seen as the largest source of external financing to developing countries and helps to ease capital constraints and contributes to output and employment generation. This paper examined the impact of foreign direct investment on employment generation in Nigeria within the period 1991 to 2021. The variables used in the study include employment rate, foreign direct investment, trade openness and real exchange rate. The paper used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for its regression analysis. The data for the analysis was sourced from CBN statistical bulletin and world bank development indicator. The study finds that foreign direct investment and Trade openness have a positive impact on employment generation in Nigeria. Real exchange rate has a negative impact on employment generation in Nigeria. The paper finds that a short run relationship exists between foreign direct investment, real exchange rate, trade openness and employment generation in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that Government should make effort to attract more Foreign Direct Investment into the country to create more employment opportunities through Multi-National Corporations. The Government should encourage trade openness in order to enhance more Foreign Direct Investment in the country as it will increase the standard of living of the citizens by the provision of highly paid employment.
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Navickas, Valentinas, Eva Grmanová e Waldemar Gajda. "SELF-EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGNERS AS AN INNOVATIVE SOLUTION ON THE LABOR MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION". Business: Theory and Practice 21, n.º 1 (6 de março de 2020): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.11727.
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The main aim of this article is to identify certain specificity in self-employment of foreigners in EU countries and to find out whether the differences in self-employment of foreigners between countries are diminishing. Within the main objective, we have set two sub-objectives. The first sub-objective is to compare EU countries on the basis of the following indicators: 1/ number of self-employed foreigners and 2/ share of self-employed foreigners in employed persons from foreign countries. The second sub-objective is to determine whether EU countries converge in the number of the share of self-employed foreigners in the number of employed persons from foreign countries. We have confirmed that the countries have a tendency to convergence in regard to the share of self-employed foreigners in employed persons from foreign countries. We assume that this tendency can also be due to the pressure of the labour market that shows a lack of labour force. The share of self-employed migrants is relatively high in Eastern Europe. On the other hand, their increase is below average compared to the EU.
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Pant, Ram Kumar. "The Trends of Foreign Employment and Remittance Inflow in Nepal". Journey for Sustainable Development and Peace Journal 2, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2024): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsdpj.v2i1.63256.
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This paper discusses the employment situation of Nepalese youth in foreign countries and its impact on remittance. The main objective of this study is to assess the impact of foreign employment on remittance. This study is based on secondary data and quantitative analysis is adopted. The available data has been interpreted using descriptive statistics as well co-relation coefficient test. The study shows that the remittance inflow in the country has highly increased, though migration of youths has decreased compared to past years. There is a vast gap between male and female migrants. The number of male migrants is substantially high as compared to female migrants and the number of youth migrants going abroad for foreign employment is studied to be high in Gulf countries. The study further reveals that migration has a huge contribution to the nation’s economy as well as to the livelihood of their households with the inflow of remittance.
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KURSOVA, Oksana А. "LEGAL REGULATION METHODS OF NON-TRADITIONAL EMPLOYMENT: ILO GUIDELINES AND EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES". Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 7, n.º 2 (2021): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2021-7-2-106-121.
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The widespread prevalence of precarious employment is due to modern trends in the development of the market economy and information technology. In general, precarious work in modern literature is considered as a negative phenomenon that contributes to the precarization of employment. Precarious work is extremely heterogeneous; a single standard of legal regulation is practically not applicable to these relations, which are very different in terms of signs and characteristics. That is why only the concept transformation of labor relations in order to cover the labor law regulation sphere of various relations related to precarious employment will not improve the situation. This means that it is necessary to consider various ways of legal regulation of precarious work in order to provide all employed with the necessary level of social protection. This idea is consistently revealed in the proposed work. To substantiate this idea, this paper provides an analysis of international approaches and various domestic decisions regarding the regulation of precarious work. Various methods study of precarious employment legal regulation was carried out in order to determine various options for bringing precarious employment to a certain social standard, which presupposes the precarization prevention of employment. The main research methods are the comparative method and the method of expert assessments. As a result, it was concluded that the strategy of the International Labor Organization, the essence of which is to search for legal solutions to extend social protection to all employed without exception, is the optimal universal solution to the problem. The only question is how this discourse should be practically implemented in different legal systems.
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Krušković, Borivoje D. "Econometric VAR Analysis of the Effect of the Foreign Exchange Reserves on Macroeconomic Variables in Emerging Countries: The Case of BRIC Countries". Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 12, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2023): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0026.
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Abstract This paper analyses the effects of the foreign exchange reserves accumulation on the key nominal and real macroeconomic variables (GDP, employment, prices and exchange rates) in BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China). VAR model was used to empirically examine the effect of accumulation of foreign exchange reserves on macroeconomic variables. The empirical results in this paper show that after the initial shock of foreign exchange reserves, the exchange rate appreciation occurs, which can be explained by the fact that a higher level of foreign exchange reserves gives investors and rating agencies a lower risk of the country, which can consequently lead to appreciation of the foreign exchange rate. In this way, the price reaction would be neutralized. Consequently, the growth of foreign exchange reserves leads to the growth of economic activity measured by GDP growth.
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Darwin V. Mendoza. "Analysis Of The Filipino Brand Of Customer Service In The Accommodation Sector". Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture 33 (20 de março de 2023): 4685–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/jns.v33i.2830.
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In recent times, accommodation and hospitality industry is one of the fastest growing sectors because of significant tourism campaigns, government efforts, and development of economy. This industry requires manpower who are proactive and compassionate to their guests. Filipinos manifested such qualities which made the country as the supplier of manpower to other countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the Filipino brands that represent the hospitality manpower and explore the actions that demonstrate these qualities. Thirty-two (32) participants were purposively sampled, 16 as front desk officers in hotels Zamboanga City and 16 as general customers. Findings indicated that there were major characters that Filipino workers in accommodation industry demonstrated. Some of the character include dedication, Filipino warmth, friendly, tactful, and articulate. The natural disposition of Filipinos to be happy and friendly plays a significant role in customer service interactions, making customers feel welcomed and valued. Filipino brand of customer service in the accommodation industry is built on a foundation of hospitality, positive attitudes, and a genuine desire to ensure customer satisfaction. These characteristics, along with the training and proactive management of human resources, contribute to the growth and success of the accommodation industry in the Philippines, attracting more tourists and foreign business travelers to the country.
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Chernykh, E. A., N. V. Loktyukhina e U. A. Nazarova. "FEATURES OF WORK AND EMPLOYMENT BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIAN-SPEAKING WOMEN LIVING IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES". Social & labor researches 55, n.º 2 (2024): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2024-55-2-25-40.
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The object of the study is the work and employment behavior of Russian-speaking women living in foreign countries. The subject of the study is a set of socio-economic relations that develop in connection with the work and employment behavior of this category of women. The information base for the study is scientific publications, materials from Russian-speaking communities, and indepth structured interviews conducted by the authors. The prerequisites for the term “relocant” and its main differences from the terms “emigrant”, “refugee”, and “expat” are analyzed. Women are classified according to their moving reasons and status in the new country. Two groups of women who left before and after February 2022 have been identified and characterized. The study reveals that the main social interactions during professional fulfillment take place in the Russian-speaking environment, and also that the unofficial employment of Russian-speaking women generally prevails over the official one. The most common areas of employment for Russian-speaking women are described. Features of employment behavior when Russian-speaking women move to other countries have been identified: the desire to start their own business, increase creativity in the workplace, etc. Sources of support for this category of women, including Russian-speaking women's communities, and a classification of such communities have been studied and developed. Based on the research results, the authors conclude that Russianspeaking women successfully join foreign businesses, compete with local entrepreneurs, and find completely new niches for their business projects, but often their employment remains unofficial. Recommendations are made that special support communities for Russian-speaking migrants in receiving countries on the part of local authorities and the public, as well as various Russian speaking communities, would be useful.
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Glenn L. Velmonte. "Job that fits for graduates in the Asean integration". International Journal on Integrated Education 3, n.º 7 (7 de julho de 2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.457.
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Philippines now faces a big challenge with regards to the labor force. The ASEAN Economic Community was made to integrate the economies of the member-countries. The Philippines before was behind academically because of the curriculum used. To address the problem, the Philippines uses the K-12 Program which is an international standard and what the other members of ASEAN use. So, it is important to know what jobs are indemand so that the students will take the course for the specific job. This study is aimed to know the in-demand jobs of the Southeast Asian nations and to help the Filipinos what’s the best career path they should take for a bigger chance of getting employed in 2017. This study is only limited not beyond the year 2017. This study will help job-seekers to what jobs they have the best chance being employed.A quantitative approach was used in this study. Data were acquired from the 10 members of the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations. Those data are the employment, enrolment, and survival rate of the professionals in each country, in which the countries differ. The countries also differ in their supply, skills, wages, and productivity. From all the acquired information, the researchers found out that the Philippines is second in the highest number of unemployed youth and ranks fourth in the employment rate.The 10 countries also have different in-demand jobs. But all in all, the most in-demand job in Southeast Asia is engineering. This is followed by accounting, teaching, nursing, and IT.
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Oli, Sudan Kumar. "Impact of Domestic and Foreign Capital on Economic Growth and Employment: Empirical Analysis of 43 Lower Middle-income Economies". Economic Journal of Development Issues 37, n.º 1 (27 de março de 2024): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejdi.v37i1.63919.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of domestic and foreign capital inflows on economic growth and employment in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). To analyze the impact of domestic and foreign capital on economic growth and employment, this study used panel data from 43 LMICs spanning the period 1990 to 2021. The study employed the Panel Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) estimation method for the baseline regression analysis. However, the Breusch-Pagan test suggested that the estimation model is not suitable for GDP per capita growth (GDPPCG) under POLS estimation. Thus, the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) procedure has been employed to examine the impact of domestic and foreign capital on economic growth. After the Hausman specification test, we used a random-effect estimation procedure for the conclusion of the impact analysis under panel data analysis techniques. This study concludes that there is a positive impact of both domestic and foreign capital on economic growth in LMICs. However, only foreign capital inflow has a significantly positive impact on employment. The impact of domestic and foreign capital inflows on economic growth and employment differs significantly. Therefore, this study advises that, for LMICs, domestic capital is more important for growth and employment.
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Inam, Dr Betul. "Foreign Direct Investments and Tax Policy Current Evaluations for OECD Countries". Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance 6, n.º 12 (14 de dezembro de 2022): 422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i12.004.
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Today, foreign direct investments (FDI) have become indispensable tools for countries for reasons such as technology transfer, employment creation, promotion of international trade, economic development and support for development, as well as the capital they provide to the economy. Countries that want to benefit from the blessings of foreign capital aim to attract FDI to their countries by using different instruments. One of the tools frequently used for this purpose is tax policies. In this study, we have examined the relationship between foreign direct investments and taxation at the theoretical and empirical level. FDI flows in the recent years and corporate tax rates of OECD countries, which hold a significant portion of global capital, have been compared. It has been observed that OECD countries have made significant taxation regulations to attract foreign investment.
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Dargenyte-Kacileviciene, Laura, Mindaugas Butkus e Kristina Matuzeviciute. "Gender-, Age- and Educational Attainment Level-Specific Output–Employment Relationship and Its Dependence on Foreign Direct Investment". Economies 10, n.º 11 (26 de outubro de 2022): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10110265.
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This paper analyses the gender-, age- and educational attainment level-specific output–employment relationship and its dependence on foreign direct investment (FDI). The unbalanced panel covers 25 European Union countries’ data from 2000 to 2020. Empirical estimations are made using the pooled OLS estimator. The impact of FDI on gender-, age- and educational attainment level-specific output–employment elasticities is estimated by including the multiplicative terms between gross domestic product (GDP) and FDI in regression models. The main results indicate the positive impact of economic growth on employment, with the highest output–employment elasticities for males and youth regardless of gender. The estimation results also indicate limited abilities of economic growth to increase the employment of highly educated people and females older than 25 years regardless of their educational attainment level. Our results suggest that higher FDI level in the host countries is mostly associated with the decreasing employment reaction to economic growth. Although FDI is an important factor affecting the output–employment relationship, it does not help to solve the problem of unemployment in the EU, especially for youth.
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Чиканова, Людмила, e Lyudmila CHikanova. "ON LIMITATION OF EMPLOYEES’ LABOUR RIGHTS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF AN ECONOMIC CRISIS". Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, n.º 5 (2 de dezembro de 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16138.
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The article is dedicated to the problems of limitation of employees’ labour rights under the conditions of an economic crisis. The author analyzes the Russian and foreign legislations, that regulate the relations in connection with mass discharge of employees and concluding of fixed-term employment contracts, as well as the opinions of labour law science representatives on the issue under consideration. The author notes that the statement of business representatives that unlike foreign legislation, the domestic labour legislation is excessively severe and regulates the relations between employees and employers in the Soviet manner and imposes on employers a large number of restrictions is not justified. The practice shows that general employment and labour laws in the developed countries leave very limited room for uncontrolled flexibility on the part of an employer, remaining truly flexible with respect to the diversity and variety of ways to ensure employees’ rights. Comparative analysis of legislations in Russia and foreign developed countries testifies that many foreign statutory regulations either completely agree with the RF Labour Code requirements or are yet less convenient for an employer. The Russian legislation, restricting the possibility of concluding fixed-term employment contracts is less severe compared to the European states. It conforms to international standards and that is why a suggestion on expanding grounds for concluding fixed-term employment contracts appears to be completely unjustified.
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Sansika, Nadeena, Raveesha Sandumini, Chamathka Kariyawasam, Tharushi Bandara, Krishantha Wisenthige e Ruwan Jayathilaka. "Impact of economic globalisation on value-added agriculture, globally". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 7 (21 de julho de 2023): e0289128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289128.
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Economic globalisation is the integration of national economies into the global economy through the increasing flow of goods, services, capital, and technology across borders and it has contributed to garnering a significant portion of most nations’ national income, although its agricultural value-added aspect has yet to be maximised. This pioneering study explores the impact of economic globalisation on value-added agriculture in a global context based on countries’ income levels. Panel data regression with the stepwise method was employed to quantify the impact of economic globalization on agriculture value added in 101 countries between 2000 and 2021. The findings of our study reveal that economic globalisation, through various channels such as fertilizer consumption, employment in agriculture, agriculture raw materials export and import, exchange rate, and foreign direct investment, significantly influences the agricultural value-added factor globally and across different income levels. Furthermore, the results show that agricultural employment significantly impacts the agricultural value-added factor globally and across all income levels. Also, countries with low and lower-middle-income levels significantly affect agricultural value-added due to exchange rates. In comparison, high-income and lower-middle-income levels have an impact due to foreign direct investment. Finally, the upper-middle-income countries have significantly affected agricultural value-added due to agricultural raw materials imports. This study confirms that employment in agriculture, exchange rate and foreign direct investments positively impact agriculture value-added on the global level and based on the income level of countries.
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Adeosun, Oluyemi Theophilus, e Waliu Mulero Adegbite. "Professional Certification and Career Development: A Comparative Analysis between Local and Foreign Certifications". Management & Economics Research Journal 5, n.º 1 (4 de setembro de 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.48100/merj.2023.253.
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Professional certification, a proficiency to validate employees' competency and readiness for career development, has recently become a subject of inquiry among researchers. There are concerns about employers' demand for foreign in place of local professional certifications in employment decisions, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study examines the impact of indigenous and foreign professional certifications on employee career development in developing countries like Nigeria. A survey questionnaire was designed to collect data from certified and non-certified human resource professionals in Nigeria. A structural equation modeling analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the exogenous and homogenous constructs. Findings revealed that local and foreign certifications influence the career development of the sampled employees. However, the model's explanatory power shows that foreign certification has a greater influence on career development than local certification. The study report suggests that both certifications benefit career development, thus, are relevant in career development and employment decisions.
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Mihalskaya, A. O. "Stability of Employment Relations upon Termination of Employment Contract at the Employer’s Initiative". Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), n.º 2 (22 de maio de 2024): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2024.114.2.191-199.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This article assesses the stability of labor relations in modern conditions upon termination of an employment contract at the initiative of the employer. Four stages of events of the 21st century are identified, which directly determine the stability of labor relations in the event of termination of an employment contract with proactive employers in the Russian Federation, as well as in foreign countries. The author concludes that in order to maintain sustainable economic stability in the labor market, the state must take support measures not only for producers, but also for employers.