Bibliografias temáticas / Fertiliser

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Fertiliser"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 21 de fevereiro de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Fertiliser"

Omotosho, Olayinka, Adebayo Oke, Azarel Uthman, Adekunle Atta e Emmanuel Ezaka. "Development of a manually operated organic and inorganic fertiliser applicator for smallholder farmers". Research in Agricultural Engineering 67, No. 2 (25 de junho de 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/39/2020-rae.

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This paper reports the design, fabrication and testing of a low-cost PVC-based manual fertiliser applicator (MFA) for the placement of granular and powdery fertilisers (organic and inorganic) at a required soil depth and plant spacing. The MFA consists of a spring-loaded trigger mechanism, a connecting tube and a knapsack plastic tank for the fertiliser storage, holding between 8.0–12.0 kg of fertiliser depending on the fertiliser's characteristics. The MFA was tested using four common fertilisers (NPK, SSP, Urea and organic manure) at different fertiliser moisture contents (3, 4, 5 and 6% w.b.). The results reveals that the MFA performed effectively in the fertiliser's discharges although it was significantly affected by the moisture content and fertiliser type. However, the MFA performed optimally when the moisture content was not above 4% (w.b.) giving optimal discharge values of 3.82, 3.45, 1.88 and 1.70 g per application for the NPK, SSP, urea, and pulverised organic fertilisers, respectively, at 4–7 cm application depths. Operators can, however, effectively determine the depth of placement and the number of applications during use based on agronomic recommendations.

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Ansari, Arbiya Naseem, e Prof Zeba Sheereen. "An Analysis of Fertiliser Subsidies in India". Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance 6, n.º 12 (5 de dezembro de 2022): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i12.001.

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This article examines total fertiliser use in India as well as the distribution of fertiliser subsidies granted by the Indian government to its farmers. The paper primarily studies the consumption of fertilisers (NPK) from 1950-51 to 2020-21. However, the information related to the distribution of fertiliser subsidies covers the period from 1980–1981 to 2021–2022. The author further went on to analyze the fertilizer subsidy distribution concerning the agricultural GDP and the overall GDP figures of the nation to get an idea of the effectiveness of investment on the fertilizer subsidies in India.

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Magdalena, Jastrzębska, Kostrzewska Marta, Treder Kinga, Makowski Przemysław, Saeid Agnieszka, Jastrzębski Wiesław e Okorski Adam. "Fertiliser from sewage sludge ash instead of conventional phosphorus fertilisers?" Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 10 (15 de outubro de 2018): 504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/347/2018-pse.

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Recycling of phosphorus (P) from municipal waste for the use as a fertiliser can be an alternative to the non-renewable resources of this element as well as a method in the management of civilisation by-products that are a burden to the environment. An innovative phosphorus suspension fertiliser, produced on the basis of ash from incineration of sewage sludge and phosphorus solubilising bacteria Bacillus megaterium was compared in field trials with spring wheat conducted in 2014 and 2015 with superphosphate and phosphorite. The new fertiliser was not inferior to the commercial fertilisers in terms of the effect on wheat yield volumes, the uptake of P by wheat and the sanitary condition of the wheat field, especially when grown protected from weeds, pathogens and pests. It is expected that such a fertiliser can be an alternative to fertilisers produced from non-renewable resources, provided it does not deteriorate the quality of agricultural production and will be safe for the environment.

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El-Mogy, Mohamed M., Suzy M. Abdelaziz, Abdel Wahab M. Mahmoud, Tarek R. Elsayed, Noha H. Abdel-Kader e Mohamed I. A. Mohamed. "Comparative Effects of Different Organic and Inorganic Fertilisers on Soil Fertility, Plant Growth, Soil Microbial Community, and Storage Ability of Lettuce". Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 66, n.º 3 (1 de novembro de 2020): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0009.

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AbstractThe current study was conducted to assess whether organic fertilisation could replace mineral fertilisation in lettuce production without adverse effects on yield, quality, and postharvest behaviour. The effect of either mineral or organic fertiliser on soil fertility or the microbial community was also studied. Control plots were fertilised with recommended rates of mineral fertiliser (150: 45: 65 kg/ha NPK) and the other treatments were 15 t/ha compost, 10 t/ha rabbit manure, and 10 t/ha chicken manure. Our results indicated that all sources of organic fertiliser significantly increased total nitrogen, organic carbon, total fungi, and bacteria contents of soils compared with mineral fertiliser. Rabbit and chicken manure fertilisers resulted in a significant increase in yield. Compared with conventional fertiliser and other organic treatments, plots receiving rabbit manure showed a lower weight loss and microbial load on fresh lettuce head. Moreover, rabbit manure significantly reduced polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity. Hence, these results suggest that rabbit manure fertiliser could be an alternative to conventional production without significant reduction in yield and with low enzymatic browning and better storability.

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Konovalov, S. N., e V. V. Bobkova. "Efficiency of mineral and organomineral fertiliser systems for column-like apple trees on sod-podzolic soil". Horticulture and viticulture, n.º 1 (24 de março de 2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2022-1-21-30.

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Currently, biologized systems of land use and cultivation of agricultural crops based on the application of biological methods of plant protection, organic and organomineral fertilizer systems are becoming more widespread in various branches of crop production, including industrial horticulture. At present, in various fields of crop research, including industrial horticulture, biological land use and cropping systems based on biological plant protection methods, organic and organomineral fertiliser systems, have increasingly been used. The fertilisation of the column-like apple tree, dramatically different in its parameters and characteristics of physiological development from the apple tree with a conventional crown, has been insufficiently studied. The specific biological fertiliser systems for column-like apple trees should be developed. It is necessary to define doses, forms, periods, methods of mineral and organic fertiliser application into particular soil and weather conditions of cultivation, which will ensure stable fruiting of column-like varieties, high performance of plants, commercial and consumer qualities and environmental safety of fruits, beneficial for human health. The present work established the influence of mineral and organomineral fertiliser systems on plant performance and fruit quality of column-like apple-tree cultivated on sod-podzolic soils. The research objects included the Triumph, President, Valyuta and Ostankino column-like apple varieties, organic and mineral fertilisers. The research was carried out in 2016-2020 in the field agrochemical experiment at the Demonstration Garden of FSBSO ARHCBAN (Moscow region) on the sod-podzolic soil having medium loamy particle-size distribution. The experiment included 4 groups: 1) control without fertilisers, 2) N90K90, 3) 100 t/ha of organic fertilisers, 4) N90K90 + 100 t/ha organic fertilisers. Mineral fertilisers (Na, Kc) were applied annually; organic fertiliser (bedding horse manure and sawdust) was applied in 2014. The performance measurements, plant biometrics and analyses of plant samples were carried out following the standard methods. The influence of mineral and organomineral fertiliser systems on plant performance and fruit quality of column-like apple trees growing on sod-podzolic soil showed varietal specificity and diversity, depending on the variety. The Valyuta variety was more sensitive to mineral fertilisers (plant performance improved by 22.1 % over the unfertilised control) than organic fertilisers (plant performance decreased by 14.3 % compared to the reference). Although the President variety reacted positively to the application of organic fertiliser (plant performance increased by 22.5 %), the apple mass per plant in this variety decreased by 9.0 % when mineral fertiliser was applied. Furthermore, the co-application of an additional fertiliser (organic or mineral, respectively) for Valyuta and President varieties reduced the plant performance. The Triumph variety showed a weak sensitivity to various forms of fertilisers; upon their coapplication, the plant performance of this variety decreased by 12.4 % relative to the unfertilised control. The Ostankino variety characterised by the highest plant performance (up to 5.5 kg/plant) showed low sensitivity towards each fertiliser; under their co-application, the plant performance increased by 14.6 % relative to the control.

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Rashti, M. Rezaei, W. J. Wang, S. M. Harper, P. W. Moody, C. R. Chen, H. Ghadiri e S. H. Reeves. "Strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in intensively managed vegetable cropping systems in subtropical Australia". Soil Research 53, n.º 5 (2015): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14355.

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The greenhouse gas fluxes and effective mitigation strategies in subtropical vegetable cropping systems remain unclear. In this field experiment, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes from an irrigated lettuce cropping system in subtropical Queensland, Australia, were measured using manual sampling chambers. Four treatments were included: Control (no fertiliser), U100 (100 kg N ha–1 as urea), U200 (200 kg N ha–1 as urea) and N100 (100 kg N ha–1 as nitrate-based fertilisers). The N fertilisers were applied in three splits and irrigation was delivered sparingly and frequently to keep soil moisture around the field capacity. The cumulative N2O emissions from the control, U100, U200 and N100 treatments over the 68-day cropping season were 30, 151, 206 and 68 g N2O-N ha–1, respectively. Methane emission and uptake were negligible. Using N2O emission from the Control treatment as the background emission, direct emission factors for U100, U200 and N100 treatments were 0.12%, 0.09% and 0.04% of applied fertiliser N, respectively. Soil ammonium (NH4+) concentration, instead of nitrate (NO3–) concentration, exhibited a significant correlation with N2O emissions at the site where the soil moisture was controlled within 50%–64% water-filled pore space. Furthermore, soil temperature rather than water content was the main regulating factor of N2O fluxes in the fertilised treatments. Fertiliser type and application rates had no significant effects on yield parameters. Partial N balance analysis indicated that approximately 80% and 52% of fertiliser N was recovered in plants and soil in the treatments receiving 100 kg N ha–1 and 200 kg N ha–1, respectively. Therefore, in combination with frequent and low-intensity irrigation and split application of fertiliser N, substitution of NO3–-based fertilisers for urea and reduction in fertiliser N application rates were considered promising mitigation strategies to maintain yield and minimise N2O emissions during the low rainfall season.

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Kopiński, Jerzy, e Wioletta Wrzaszcz. "MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL FERTILIZERS IN POLAND". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, n.º 2 (15 de abril de 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1102.

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The study discusses the results of the analysis of changes in the management of natural fertilizers in Poland and voivodships. Analysis included changes in: the number and percentage of individual farms using natural fertilizer, fertilized area, and level of consumption of particular fertilizer types. The comparative analysis at a voivodship level concerned the years 2007 and 2016. The current situation with regard to fertilized area and natural fertilizer rates was also assessed on the basis of Statistics Poland data from the years 2018-2019. The results of analyses indicated that the number of farms using natural fertilizers in Poland has clearly decreased. Despite observing an increase in the interest in slurry application, the most popular natural fertilizer applied is still manure, which, in the years 2018-2019, was applied on 18% of utilized agricultural area. In Poland, the average annual rates of applied manure, liquid manure and slurry are, respectively 17 t/ha, 22 m3/ha and 26 m3/ha. An analysis of the organization and intensity of natural fertiliser management in the Podlaskie Voivodeship shows that this is the leading region in this aspect, which confirms its dominant position in livestock production in Poland.

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Štýbnarová, Marie, Oldřich Látal, Jan Hladký, Monika Hradilová, Jiří Skládanka, Hana Bilošová e Martin Brtnický. "Changes in Grassland Chemical Soil Parameters Four Years after Cessation of Different Fertilisation with Compost and Slurry". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, n.º 1 (2018): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010211.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in chemical soil properties of permanent grasslands after the cessation of their regular utilisation and organic fertilisation. A long‑term small plot trial was established in 2004 in locality Rapotín. During 2004 – 2012 the experiment was fertilised with compost and slurry, both with the range of stocking rates 0.9, 1.4, and 2.0 livestock units (LU).ha−1 (corresponding to 54, 84, and 120 kg N.ha−1). It was further observed the unfertilised grassland as control. The plots were cut 2 – 4 times per year depending on given dose of fertiliser. During 2013 –2016 the regular management was ceased and the grasslands were completely abandoned. It was found statistically significant influence of the year and the type of fertiliser almost for all evaluated parameters. The dose of nitrogen was not significant. On the basis of our results we can conclude, that the both types of the organic fertilisers had a positive influence on the chemical soil properties, however, the compost manifested itself as the better fertiliser than the slurry from this point of view. In 2016, four years after the last application of the organic fertilisers, there were found the better chemical soil conditions in the treatments previously fertilised with compost.

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Brennan, RF. "Effect of nitrogen on the availability of previous and current applications of copper fertiliser for grain yield of wheat grown in south-west Western Australia". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, n.º 7 (1993): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930901.

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Twenty-one field experiments located in different rainfall zones on a range of soils that had been fertilised with copper (Cu) fertiliser 16-23 years previously were used to examine the effect of level of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on the grain yield of wheat. At 1 site (experiment 15), no Cu fertiliser had been applied. The effect of applied N on Cu concentrations in the youngest emerged blade (YEB) and in the grain was also studied. At 20 sites, there was no further response to currently applied Cu fertiliser. The highest level of N fertiliser applied (46-92 kg N/ha) did not induce Cu deficiency in wheat plants. The addition of Cu increased Cu concentration in the YEB and grain, whilst increasing the rate of N fertiliser generally decreased these concentrations of Cu. At 2 sites in the Jerramungup district, the addition of N induced Cu deficiency in wheat, which reduced grain yields. Increasing the rate of N fertiliser reduced Cu concentration in the YEB to deficient levels (< 1.0 mg Cu/kg); Cu concentrations in grain were <0.8 mg/kg. Only 50% of the recommended Cu fertiliser had been applied in previous years at 1 site (experiment 12). At the other site, Cu appears not to have been previously applied, because the ammonium oxalate soil-extractable Cu measured in soil samples collected from the site and adjacent uncleared soil were identical and very low (0.25 mg Cu/kg). At 1 high-yielding site (>3.0 t/ha), the highest level of N (92 kg/ha) reduced Cu concentration to 1.0 mgkg in the YEB and 1.0 mg/kg in the grain without reducing grain yield. It is concluded that high levels of N fertiliser application did not increase the wheat plants' requirement for Cu fertiliser where Cu fertilisers had been applied at the recommended level in the past 23 years. Where Cu fertiliser has been applied at lower-than- recommended levels in previous years, Cu deficiency occurred where high levels of N were applied.

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KAMANGA, B. C. G., S. R. WADDINGTON, A. M. WHITBREAD, C. J. M. ALMEKINDERS e K. E. GILLER. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILISER ON SMALLHOLDER MAIZE IN CENTRAL MALAWI". Experimental Agriculture 50, n.º 2 (10 de setembro de 2013): 229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479713000513.

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SUMMARYMineral fertiliser is a scarce input for smallholder maize farmers in Malawi. A recent provision of small amounts of subsidised fertilisers by government programmes to farmers throughout Malawi has increased fertiliser access and raised maize production, but fertiliser management and yield responses frequently remain poor. To seek ways to use the fertiliser more efficiently, we analysed the effects of low rates of N (15 or 30 kg N ha−1) and P (9 kg P ha−1) fertiliser in combination with improved weed management on maize yields in experiments on 12 smallholder farms in Chisepo, central Malawi. Several indices of N and P use efficiency were computed from the above-ground crop components and nutrient contents. Maize yield simulations were conducted using long-term rainfall records in the APSIM crop-soil system model. NP fertiliser significantly (p < 0.001) raised maize grain yield from 0.65 to 1.5 t ha−1, and twice-weeding fertilised maize significantly (p < 0.001) raised maize yields by 0.4 t ha−1 compared with weeding once (0.9 t ha−1). The agronomic efficiency of applied fertiliser N (AEN) averaged 19.3 kg grain kg N−1 with one weeding but doubled to 38.7 kg with the additional weeding. The physiological efficiency of applied N (PEN) was 40.7 kg grain kg−1 N uptake. APSIM predicted that similar or larger maize yield responses to 15 or 30 kg N ha−1 can be expected in 8 out of 10 years in areas with similar rainfall patterns to Chisepo. A financial analysis showed that the application of these small amounts of fertiliser was economic even when fertiliser was purchased from the open market, provided the crop was adequately weeded. Participatory assessments helped farmers understand the increased efficiency of fertiliser use possible with additional weeding, although some farmers reported difficulty implementing this recommendation due to competing demands for labour. We conclude that to raise the productivity and sustainability of fertiliser support programmes in Malawi, initiatives should be introduced to help identify and educate farmers on the major drivers of productivity in their systems.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Fertiliser"

Muskolus, Andreas. "Anthropogenic plant nutrients as fertiliser". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15774.

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Nachhaltige Landbewirtschaftung impliziert ausgeglichene Pflanzennährstoffflüsse ohne die Abhängigkeit von Düngern aus nicht erneuerbaren Quellen. Stickstoff, Phosphor und Kalium aus der menschlichen Nahrung werden in Mitteleuropa im Allgemeinen in Schwemmkanalisationen gesammelt und dabei mit Schadstoffen vermengt. Neuartige stoffstromtrennende Sanitärsysteme ermöglichen die Bereitstellung von Humanurin und Fäkalien zur Verwendung als Düngemittel. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden praxisrelevante Aspekte der Verwendung von Düngemitteln anthropogener Herkunft untersucht. Die in Gefäß- und Feldversuchen in Berlin Dahlem ermittelte Ertragswirkung zeigte, dass Urin in dieser Hinsicht äquivalenten Mineraldüngern grundsätzlich gleichwertig ist. Bei sehr hohen Konzentrationen kam es abhängig von der Pflanzenart zu Depressionseffekten, welche vermutlich auf den Salz- und Ammoniumgehalt von Urin zurückzuführen sind. Unter Freilandbedingungen traten diese Effekte nicht auf. Bodenbiologische Auswirkungen von Düngerapplikationen sind entscheidend für die Abschätzung ihrer langfristigen Bodenfruchtbarkeitserhaltung. Sowohl in Labor-versuchen als auch im Freiland zeigten sich Regenwürmer durch menschlichen Urin aus Trenntoiletten deutlich beeinträchtigt. Die Ursache der Schädigung konnte nicht geklärt werden. Von einer langfristigen bodenfruchtbarkeitsreduzierenden Beein-trächtigung wird jedoch nicht ausgegangen. Mikrobielle Enzymaktivitäten im Boden wurden im Freiland durch Urinapplikation nicht beeinflusst. Für die Praxis wird empfohlen Urin während der Ausbringung einzuarbeiten, da die Tiere dann weniger mit der Flüssigkeit in Kontakt kommen. Da es ein umweltpolitisches Ziel ist, die Ammoniakemissionen der Landwirtschaft zu minimieren, wurden diese nach der Urinausbringung im Freiland gemessen. Auf Grund der sehr geringen Trockensubstanzgehalte von Humanurin emittierte deutlich weniger NH3 als üblicherweise nach Ausbringung von Schweine- oder Rindergülle. Verbraucherumfragen bestätigten eine hohe Bereitschaft pflanzliche Nahrung, welche mit Urin als Dünger erzeugt wurde, zu kaufen und zu verzehren. Praktizierende Landwirte reagierten dagegen deutlich reservierter. Die Ausbringung von Urin aus Trenntoiletten kann im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft grundsätzlich empfohlen werden. Es besteht aber weiterer Forschungsbedarf.
Sustainable agriculture implies balanced nutrient flows and independence from fertiliser made from non renewable resources. In Europe, plant nutrients excreted by humans are commonly collected in water borne sewage systems and thus mixed with potentially harmful substances. Novel segregating sanitation techniques can collect separated urine and faeces in a form which enables their use as fertiliser. In the presented thesis selected aspects concerning the use of anthropogenic plant nutrients relevant to farming were investigated. Pot and field experiments indicated that equal yields can be gained if urine instead of mineral fertiliser is applied. Very high concentrations of urine led to reduced growth, presumably caused by the presence of ammonium or salt. However, this was not found under field conditions. Soil biological effects caused by the application of a fertiliser must be considered when assessing its long term contribution to soil fertility. Laboratory experiments as well as field investigations showed that human urine application severely affects earthworms, however, the harmful components were not identified. The results suggest that the effect is of short term only. Soil microbial enzyme activities were not influenced by urine fertiliser. For farming practice it is recommended to inject or incorporate urine to prevent earthworms from coming into direct contact with the infiltrating fertiliser. Gaseous ammonia loss was measured after urine application on fields as reducing harmful emissions from agriculture is a goal of European environmental policy. Because of the very low Dry Matter contents of urine, far less ammonia was emitted to the atmosphere than usually occurs after application of cattle or pig slurry. A consumer acceptance study showed a general high public willingness to accept urine as fertiliser even if used on crops for food production. The reaction of farmers was mainly reserved as a result of the present legal regulations in Germany. Within the context of sustainable agriculture the use of human urine as fertiliser can be recommended. Further research is necessary, especially concerning any effects resulting from residues of pharmaceutical substances contained in human excreta.

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Schlapp, Julia Emily, e julia schlapp@rmit edu au. "Modelling Fertiliser Use in the Glenelg Hopkins Catchment". RMIT University. Mathematics and Geospatial Science, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090602.144534.

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The improvement of water quality in the streams of the Glenelg Hopkins catchment is a priority of the Glenelg Hopkins regional strategy. A major source of water pollution in the region is linked to agricultural activities as high nutrient levels from runoff have the potential to increase the incidence of blue-green algae in the waterways. Land use change, reduced rainfall, more frequent extreme rainfall events and higher temperatures associated with climate change are likely to exacerbate this trend. Water testing data of the Total Phosphorus (TP) levels in the Hopkins River and at other sites within the Hopkins Catchment indicate increasing incidence of TP above the Environment Protection Authority's target levels for extended periods of each year. Earlier research indicated that phosphorus in runoff increases when pasture fertility increases and that fertiliser management practices should be considered as an element of preventative action for reducing nutrient pollution. During our research, a survey was undertaken in the Hopkins River catchment, to determine the current management of phosphorus (P) fertilisers on grazing and mixed enterprise farms, the attitude of farmers to natural resource management and their understanding of nutrient pollution. The survey also gathered information on the way farmers made fertiliser management decisions. If cooperation relating to phosphorus fertiliser application could be facilitated between groups of farmers, it may be possible to reduce nutrient runoff into the Hopkins waterways. Cooperative game theory has successfully been used worldwide in the resolution of environmental problems where there is an economic impact to the decision making process. In this project, the amount of phosphorus applied per hectare was used in a cooperative game theory model assessing the potential for cooperative action on phosphorus management by groups of farmers, based on the trade off between the economic cost of pollution to the region waterways and the economic production benefits to the individual. The outcome of this work was individual optimal strategies for fertiliser application, allowing individual farmers to reduce their impact of agricultural production on the health of the catchment. Involving the farmer groups, while undertaking the project, raised awareness amongst the farming population of the regional nutrient pollution caused by runoff from agricultural land, and enlisted their assistance towards adopting a cooperative approach to the problem. In addition, the results have been mapped using a Geographical Information System (GIS) for visual presentation and to demonstrate the use of this process in natural resource management with the farmer groups.

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Kirkpatrick, T. "Fertiliser formulations to maximise nitrogen efficiency on grassland". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398096.

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O'Connell, Kathleen Ann. "Environmentally sustainable fertiliser nitrogen management practices for pasture production". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426720.

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Sweet, Nina. "Temperature, grass growth and the timing of fertiliser application". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316992.

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Jamieson, Nicola. "Competition between roots and soil micro-organisms for fertiliser N". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU548165.

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Low fertiliser recoveries are often found for temperate coniferous forests and appear to be associated with the 'locking-up' of residual fertiliser N in stable organic forms. This phenomenon may well be caused by strong microbial immobilisation, out competing uptake by tree roots. This thesis investigates root/microbe competition for fertiliser-derived N (FDN) in microcosms of coniferous forest soil (supporting Sitka spruce seedlings) as well as in re-seeded blanket peat (supporting a mixed grass pasture). Combinations of selective microbial inhibitors, both with and without either 15N-labelled urea or NH4NO3, were applied to microcosms to selectively inhibit target microbial groups which may be competing with roots for FDN and determine the role of microbial immobilisation as a mechanism controlling N flow to seedlings/herbage. The dynamics of FDN novement into microcosm N pools was also studied in microcosms to which 15N-labelled urea was applied alone. At harvest, plant and soil N pools were analysed for 15N and total N (15 N &'43 14N). The impact of biocide and fertiliser N treatments on concentrations of target and non-target soil organisms were also determined. Biocidal (benlate and to a lesser extent streptomycin) inhibition of soil micro-organisms (particularly fungi) increased the uptake of both urea-derived N and NH4O3 N by Sitka spruce seedlings. Increases were associated with reduced percentages of FDA active hyphae and concentrations of FDN immobilised in the microbial biomass of LFH layer and peaty mineral soil. The results suggest that roots were competing with soil microbes for both fertiliser N forms. In conclusion this study has demonstrated the role of microbial biomass, particularly the dominant fungal component as a major competitive sink for fertiliser N and a major factor contributing to the low efficiency of fertiliser N in temperate coniferous forests. The study also has identified selective biocidal manipulation as a powerful technique for characterising competition between roots and microbes for nutrients in soil.

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Lodge, Timothy Andrew. "The construction, irrigation and fertiliser nutrition of UK golf greens". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1994. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/553/.

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A field trial was established of a mixed grass sward grown on three types of golf green construction. These consisted of a topsoil, a sand, peat and soil mixture, and a pure sand. Experimental treatments applied were three levels of irrigation, five of nitrogen fertiliser and two of phosphate. The trial was maintained as a golf green, and artificial wear was applied. Soil moisture deficit predictions by the Meteorological Office conformed with measurements from the soil construction, but the sand-based construction types showed higher deficits. The overall rate of evapotranspiration was around 65 % of predicted values. Pore structure of the sand-based rootzones changed slowly over time, but water infiltration rates fell markedly. The soil constructions showed a reduction in the proportion of larger pore spaces in the top of the profile, and infiltration rates were consistently low. Plant death was associated with both high and low rates of nitrogen fertiliser, low rates of irrigation, and was especially apparent on the sand constructions not receiving phosphate fertiliser. Ingress of the weed species Poa annua (L.) occurred mainly on the soil constructions and its rate of ingress was enhanced by increased nitrogen input. Golf ball roll and various aspects of their behaviour after impact onto the turf with simulated 5-iron flight characteristics were measured. Roll length declined with increasing fertiliser rate. Hard greens produced long, high bounces and shallow pitch marks. High rates of both irrigation and nitrogen produced deeper pitchmarks and were associated with the tendency of balls to "screw back". A multivariate method of classifying the quality of golf greens on the basis of a small number of objective measurements was developed. The classes of greens derived were described in terms of their average visual merit, green "speed", bail behaviour after impact, and the treatment factors which they had received.

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Rose, Terry. "Deep-placed phosphate fertiliser improves phosphorus uptake and seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) in a Mediterranean-type climate". University of Western Australia. Dept. of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0237.

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In Mediterranean-type climates, topsoil frequently dries out during spring. Problems associated with reduced nutrient (P, K) availability in dry topsoil may be overcome by placing fertilisers deeper in the soil, where the soil is more likely to remain moist for longer periods as opposed to conventional fertiliser placement. Deep-P placement has resulted in significant yield improvements for lupin crops in Mediterranean environments because lupin crops generally require soil P supply during spring (throughout the flowering stage); in contrast, wheat yields have seldom improved with deep P placement, presumably because plants have accumulated sufficient P prior to spring (grain filling stage) for maximum grain yields. The P and K accumulation patterns of canola had not been investigated, and therefore any potential yield benefits of deep placed fertilisers were unknown. This study aimed to define the P and K demands of canola throughout the growing season, and assess the viability of deep placement of fertiliser in matching soil P and K supply to crop demand. The study further investigated the impact of deep placement of P fertiliser on root growth and distribution throughout the soil profile. Initial glasshouse studies compared the P and K accumulation patterns of several canola cultivars with wheat, and found that the P and K demand of canola continued until later into the season than wheat, but there was little difference in the P and K accumulation patterns of the various canola cultivars. Further experiments in sand culture determined that regardless of the level of K supply, canola plants had accumulated sufficient K for maximum seed yields by early flowering. Under high P supply, canola plants had accumulated enough P for maximum seed yields by early flowering, but when P supply during vegetative growth was just adequate, plants required a continual P supply until mid silique-filling to attain maximum yields. Because plants had accumulated sufficient K for maximum seed yields by early flowering (therefore topsoil drying in spring was unlikely to affect yields), further field experiments examined only deep placement of P fertiliser to improve P uptake and yields.

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Smaill, Joshua Ballantyne. "Geochemical variations in glauconitic minerals : application as a potassium fertiliser resource". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10407.

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Nutrients for plant growth are often limited in soil systems and additions are required in the form of fertiliser. Potassium is an essential macro-nutrient for plants and demands for K are expected to increase in the future. Glaucony is an abundant marine mineral which may provide an alternative K-rich fertiliser resource. The South Island of New Zealand contains deposits of glaucony-rich rocks which were deposited in the Early- to Mid-Cenozoic during periods of low sedimentation to the seafloor. Here, the geochemistry of glaucony from the Waitaki Basin (Otago), the Waipara Greensand (North Canterbury) and the Stoney Creek Limestone (Karamea) was examined using spatially resolved geochemical analysis and dissolution experiments. Grain-by-grain analysis using Laser Ablation Induction Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrscopy (LA-ICP-MS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM + EDS) revealed that glaucony from all deposits were of the mature type and were enriched in K. Glaucony derived from growth inside faecal pellets was found to contain elevated K and Fe concentrations compared to bioclast hosted glaucony. These variations can be explained by the physical properties of host grains and sea-floor redox conditions at the time of precipitation, both of which increased ionic mobility into the zone of glauconitisation. Solubility analysis showed that K^{+} was released from glaucony more rapidly than any other element. Additionally, decreasing the pH and introducing an oxidising agent (i.e, birnessite which is ubiquitous in soil environments) accelerated K^{+} release 13-fold. Trace metals including Cr, Zn, Cu and Ni were present in the solid phase analysis, however further investigation revealed that these elements were released into solution in low concentrations and may present a source of micro-nutrients, not a soil contaminant. These results suggest that glaucony may offer a source of slow releasing K fertiliser, and the South Island of New Zealand is ideally situated as a place to consider using glaucony as a locally sourced, environmentally sustainable K resource for agriculture.

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Moursy, Hossam El-Din Mohamed Nayer. "Reaction kinetics and granulation studies in the production of nitrophosphate fertiliser". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287365.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Fertiliser"

Mittal, D. K. Fertiliser industry. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1994.

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Fertiliser manual (RB209). 8^a ed. Norwich: TSO, 2010.

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FAI Seminar (2009 Hyderabad, India). Fertiliser policy for sustainable agriculture. New Delhi: Fertiliser Association of India, 2009.

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Beyond fertilisers: Social perspective of K.K. Birla Group's fertiliser business. Bangalore: Southern Ecnomist, 2007.

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Association, Fertiliser Manufacturers. Fertiliser review: The official journal of the Fertiliser Manufacturers Association. London: Fertiliser Manufacturers Association, 1987.

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Association, Fertiliser Manufacturers. Fertiliser review: The official journal of the Fertiliser Manufacturers Association. London: The Association, 1988.

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Association, Fertiliser Manufacturers. Fertiliser review: The official journal of the Fertiliser Manufacturers Association. London: The Association, 1989.

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Sailaja, K. Fertiliser imports of India. Allahabad, India: Chugh Publications, 1991.

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Subramaniyan, G. Fertiliser demand in India. New Delhi: Classical Pub. Co., 1994.

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Majumdar, Anupam. The Indian fertiliser industry. New Delhi: ICRA Limited, 2000.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Fertiliser"

Pagett, Richard. "Fertiliser Dependency". In Building Global Resilience in the Aftermath of Sustainable Development, 29–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62151-7_5.

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Laksono, N. D., U. Setiawati, F. Nur, M. Rahmaningsih, Y. Anwar, H. Rusfiandi, B. P. Forster, E. H. Sembiring, A. S. Subbarao e H. Zahara. "Fertiliser programmes." In Nursery practices in oil palm: a manual, 55–61. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242140.0055.

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Hariprasad, Durgasi, Harish Chandra Singh, Pranab Bhattacharyya e Ranjit Singh Chugh. "Fertiliser Plant Phosphogypsum". In Circular Economy in the Construction Industry, 103–10. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217619-14.

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Payer, Harald. "Fertiliser Production in Austria". In Green Industrial Restructuring, 217–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04419-3_13.

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Hernández, Natalia. "Variable rate fertiliser application". In Manuali – Scienze Tecnologiche, 20. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-044-3.20.

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In this topic, the principles of the modulation of the fertiliser dose (liters or kilograms put in the soil, per square meter) will be explained. Consequences on plant growth and final crop yield. Advantages and disadvantages of the application of such technologies, along with the electronics systems abroad the machinery, capable of performing such variable dosing will be presented.

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Sheppard, Lucy J., e Håkan Wallander. "Atmospheric Nitrogen - Pollutant or Fertiliser?" In Plant Ecophysiology, 65–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2728-4_3.

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Willson, C. "Mineral Nutrition and Fertiliser Needs". In Coffee, 135–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6657-1_6.

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Rees, Robert M., Iain P. McTaggart e Keith A. Smith. "Potential nitrogen availability and fertiliser recommendations". In Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies, 359–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5450-5_60.

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Praveen, K. V. "Indian Fertiliser Policy: Retrospect and Prospect". In Soil Science: Fundamentals to Recent Advances, 765–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0917-6_38.

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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai et al. "Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions". In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 303–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_8.

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AbstractAgricultural lands make up approximately 37% of the global land surface, and agriculture is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Those GHGs are responsible for the majority of the anthropogenic global warming effect. Agricultural GHG emissions are associated with agricultural soil management (e.g. tillage), use of both synthetic and organic fertilisers, livestock management, burning of fossil fuel for agricultural operations, and burning of agricultural residues and land use change. When natural ecosystems such as grasslands are converted to agricultural production, 20–40% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) is lost over time, following cultivation. We thus need to develop management practices that can maintain or even increase SOCstorage in and reduce GHG emissions from agricultural ecosystems. We need to design systematic approaches and agricultural strategies that can ensure sustainable food production under predicted climate change scenarios, approaches that are being called climate‐smart agriculture (CSA). Climate‐smart agricultural management practices, including conservation tillage, use of cover crops and biochar application to agricultural fields, and strategic application of synthetic and organic fertilisers have been considered a way to reduce GHG emission from agriculture. Agricultural management practices can be improved to decreasing disturbance to the soil by decreasing the frequency and extent of cultivation as a way to minimise soil C loss and/or to increase soil C storage. Fertiliser nitrogen (N) use efficiency can be improved to reduce fertilizer N application and N loss. Management measures can also be taken to minimise agricultural biomass burning. This chapter reviews the current literature on CSA practices that are available to reduce GHG emissions and increase soil Csequestration and develops a guideline on best management practices to reduce GHG emissions, increase C sequestration, and enhance crop productivity in agricultural production systems.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Fertiliser"

Dugalic, Marijana, Ljiljana Boškovic Rakočevic, Vera Rajicic e Dragan Terzic. "UTICAJ NAČINA PRIMENE MINERALNIH ĐUBRIVA NA PRINOS KROMPIRA". In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujeva, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.079d.

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This study showed the effect of different methods of application of mineral fertiliser rates on the yield of two potato cultivars grown under the agroenvironmental conditions of the Radočelo Mountain massif on a luvisol exhibiting rather favourable agrophysical and some what poorer agrochemical properties. In 2018 and 2019, a trial with potato cvs. ‘Arizona’ and ‘Esmee’ was established. Planned rates of mineral fertilisers (N200, P150, K150) were applied as two treatments: treatment 1 – fertiliser rates were ploughed in during autumn, and treatment 2 – one half of the planned rates was applied during seedbed preparation and the other half in-furrow at planting. The results showed that the treatment involving the application of one half of the fertiliser rate before planting, and the other half at planting resulted in higher total yields of both potato cultivars compared with the placement of the whole rate of fertilisers during deep ploughing in autumn.

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JUCHNEVIČIENĖ, Aistė, e Ilona VAGUSEVIČIENĖ. "THE DYNAMICS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN WINTER WHEAT LEAVES WHEN USING NITROGEN FERTILISERS". In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.033.

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The paper investigates the effect of nitrogen fertilisers on the amount of photosynthetic pigments in winter wheat leaves. The research was carried out in the period between 2012 and 2013 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in carbonate shallow gleyic leached soil, (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol). The object of investigation: winter wheat cultivars ‘Zentos’ and ‘Ada’. Granular superphosphate (P60) and potassium chloride (K60) fertilisers were spread during sowing, while amonium nitrate (N60) was used in tillering time (BBCH 23–25), after the vegetative growth had resumed. Additionally, the plants were treated with foliar fertiliser urea solution: N30, N40 at booting stage (BBCH 34–36) and N15, N30 at milk ripening stage (BBCH 71–74). After the analysis of the data, it was established that additional fertilization with N30 and N40 fertiliser application rates at later stages of plant development stimulated the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and prolonged the period of active photosynthesis. Irrespective of treatment with nitrogen fertilisers, genetic properties of the cultivar also had influence on the accumulation of the pigments. Wheat cultivar ‘Zentos’ tended to accumulate larger amounts of pigments. The highest amounts of pigments were found at the beginning of milk ripening stage before additional treatment with N15, N30 fertiliser application rates.

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Siltumens, Kristaps, Sindija Liepa, Inga Grinfelde, Diana Ruska e Dzidra Kreismane. "IMPACTS OF GRASSLAND PLANT COMPOSITION ON GHG EMISSIONS IN CLAY SOIL". In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s19.42.

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One of the largest producers of GHG emissions in agriculture is the dairy and meat livestock sector. Grassland is the main feed base for dairy and meat cattle. Managed grasslands can become a major contributor to and leverage of GHG gas exchange. High quality information with studies on the flow of the three main GHG gases and concentration linked to different management strategies is important for the development of good management practices, as well as for the development of climateresilient landscapes and the reduction of climate impacts on agricultural lands. The aim of this study is to identify the impacts of the composition of grassland plants on GHG emissions on clay soils, as well as to clarify the impact of fertiliser on these gases. The pilot research used a field of 45 m wide and 34 m long, which was divided into 64 squares. The squares of field were divided into 2 parts � fertilised and non-fertilised, creating four repetitions. Each of the groups consisted of eight fields, each of which was filled with herbaceous grasslands in accordance with Latvian climate conditions. Measurements of GHG emissions were carried out weekly from 5 June to 16 September. N2O, CH4, CO2, gases were measured with CRDS gas measurement device PICARO G2508. Each field was measured for four minutes, a minute pause was withheld between the measurements, for measurement accuracy. Grass composition has an impact on GHG emissions, as the results have revealed a significant difference between the selected grass mixtures. The lowest N2O emissions, as well as one of the largest CH4 sequestration, but CO2 emissions are among the average. Additional an analysis of the data, it was found that the fertiliser had not affected GHG emissions, this is due to the correct selection of the fertiliser.

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ADAMOVICS, Aleksandrs, e Liena POIŠA. "EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ENERGY CROPS". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.143.

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For energy crops (reed canary grass and timothy grass), it is important to evaluate the sulphur and carbon content, and the harvested dry matter dependency on the fertilizer norm. Sulphur and carbon are important elements of a combustible material, and carbon is directly important as it forms the burning component. On the other hand, sulphur is an unwelcome element in combustible materials as it promotes environmental pollution. The field trials were carried out in sod calcareous soils in 2011–2013. A research was conducted to investigate the chemical content of two grasses: reed canary grass var. ‘Bamse’ (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and timothy grass ‘Jumis’ (Phleum pratense L.). Fertiliser norms (kg ha-1) applied in the research were: N0P0K0 (control), N30, N60, and N90. The harvest yield is one of the most important factors to obtain biocombustible materials; however, it does not mean that the amount of the harvest yield guarantees also a good quality of grasses. The research showed that the trial year had the most significant influence on both the sulphur yield and content in dry matter, the fertiliser norm essentially influenced the sulphur (η=30.1%) and carbon (η=6.5%) yield, but for the sulphur yield, a 6% interaction effect was established between the trial year and the nitrogen fertilizer norm.

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Hayden G Lawrence e Ian J Yule. "Accessing Spreader Performance for Variable Rate Fertiliser Application". In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18862.

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Ceciliato, Emir, Claudia C. Magalha˜es e David G. P. Bueno. "An Automated Leak Detection and Location System in a Brazilian Liquid Ammonia Pipeline". In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10543.

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Liquid ammonia is the basis of a variety of products, ranging from fertilisers, important intermediate chemical raw material (such as nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide), cosmetics, up to explosives. It is a very toxic product, requiring special care when transported. This paper shall present an automated leak detection system (i. e., without human intervention for shutting pumps down) for a short (approximately 6 kilometres long), 6 inch., liquid ammonia pipeline located at the city of Cubata˜o, state of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, within the bounds of a fertiliser producer. The pipeline runs from a Terminal (which is a port) down to a fertiliser complex, where the ammonia is used as raw material to produce ammonium nitrate. There is approximately 3.5 km of buried pipes, as well as 2.5 km of aerial ones. A special set of insulation layers is coating pipeline segments in order to keep ammonia in an undercooled temperature (and showing an undercooled liquid behaviour, as a consequence). The selected leak detection system is based on statistical concepts, using the SPRT (Sequential Probability Ratio Test) sampling technology. The main idea is to establish an automated procedure in which the LDS is capable of sending an alarm signal directly to the SCADA, to shut down pumps, without human intervention. The system architecture is covered, as well as the details on the pipeline hydraulics and ammonia transport properties (especially density and viscosity). Finally, initial field trials data are provided and analysed.

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Zornić, Vladimir, Mirjana Petrović, Snežana Anđelković, Snežana Babić, Dejan Sokolović, Zoran Lugić e Jordan Marković. "UTICAJ MINERALNIH ĐUBRIVA NA FLORISTIČKI SASTAV I PRINOS TRAVNE ZAJEDNICE „FESTUCO-NARDETUM STRICTAE SUBALPINUM“". In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.137z.

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This study was aimed to investigate influence of different doses of mineral fertilizers addition on grassland community type Festuco-Nardetum strictae subalpinum. In the course of the study influence of the following fertilized treatments: control, N60P60K60; N90P60K60; N120P60K60 on floristic composition and dry matter yield was investigated. The obtained results suggested that grasses percent increased, while forbs percent decreased in all fertilizer treatments. Grassland quality index and dry matter yield were increased by application of mineral fertilizers in both years of study.

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George, Suman, Mark Tibbett, Matthew Braimbridge, Stephen Davis, Stephen Vlahos e M. Ryan. "Phosphorus Fertiliser Placement and Seedling Success in Australian Jarrah Forest". In First International Seminar on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/605_27.

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Ian J Yule e Hayden G Lawrence. "A method of calculating the economic impact of poor fertiliser spreading". In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23206.

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Akcer, Batuhan, e Dale Dzemydiene. "APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF WATER QUALITY TREATMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT". In 23rd Conference for Young Researchers "Economics and Management". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/vvf.2020.016.

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With the additional conditions influencing the climate change and the population growth, it has added more pressure to the problems of sewage management systems and innovative cleaning technologies. Some different approaches for more effective management of water resources are analysed in this paper. The solutions can be tested whether they have led to the sustainable development of the countries such as Turkey, by taking more attention for best practices of EU countries (for example as Netherlands). By evaluating requirements of sustainable development we are trying to extract different criteria which help to evaluate the situation in water management sector. A case study of water treatment facilities in one enterprise (the Fertiliser Complex in Turkey) is analysed. Results show how some methods such as the highest consumption of wastewater evaluation and TOPSIS can help in situation evaluation process. The most wastewater consuming production zones are determined in the Fertiliser Complex and some pollution factors are determined according to the TOPSIS method.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Fertiliser"

Brockhoff, Shane R., e Nick E. Christians. Turfgrass Fertilizer Trial. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-201.

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Palmborg, Cecilia. Fertilization with digestate and digestate products – availability and demonstration experiments within the project Botnia nutrient recycling. Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.25rctaeopn.

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To increase our food security in Västerbotten we will need to become more self-sufficient of both energy, feed and nutrients that are now imported to the region. Biogas production from different waste streams is one solution to this. Biogas is produced using biowaste or sewage sludge as substrate in the major cities Umeå and Skellefteå. Biogas systems offer a range of benefits to society. Biogas production is currently prized for its climate benefits when replacing fossil fuels for the production of heat, electricity and vehicle gas, but at Bothnia Nutrient Recycling we have studied how to use the digestate, i.e. the residual product of production, as fertilizer in agriculture. We have been working to improve profitability for biogas producers and develop sustainable products from recycled nutrients, like phosphorus and nitrogen. Improving the uses for digestate increases self-sufficiency in agriculture and contributes to a circular economy. We conducted three agricultural demonstration experiments in collaboration with agricultural high schools in Finland and Sweden to introduce digestate and digestate products to the future farmers in the regions. We found that it may be possible to replace cattle slurry with compost when growing maize despite the low levels of nitrogen, N, available to plants in the compost. In barley, NPK fertilizers gave the highest yield. Digestate from HEMAB and sludge biochar supplemented with recycled ammonium sulphate gave a smaller yield but higher than unfertilized crop. Digestate from a dry digestion biogas plant in Härnösand was better suited to barley than to grass because in an experiment on grass ley the viscous fertilizer did not penetrate the grass and did not increase the growth of the grass. Fertilizer effects on crop quality were small. There was no increased uptake of heavy metals in barley after fertilization with digestate or digestate products compared to NPK fertilization. These demonstration experiments show that more thorough scientific experimentation is needed as a foundation for recommendations to farmers. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous in digestate from Västerbotten that could become used as fertilizer were modelled. It showed that if sewage sludge digestate is used to make sludge biochar and ammonium sulphate and the other available digestates are used directly in agriculture, the entire phosphorous demand but only a small part of the nitrogen demand in the county, could be covered. Thus, to achieve a true circular food production, development and increase of both the waste handling sector and agriculture is needed.

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Simelton, Elisabeth, Rachmat Mulia, Clement Rigal, Tuan Minh Duong, Phuong Mai Nguyen, Hanna North e Xuan Hieu Le. Beyond carbon sequestration – local knowledge about tree functions. Case study from male and female Arabica coffee farmers in Vietnam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21025.pdf.

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Estimates of carbon sequestration for timber trees is well documented, while fruit trees are understudied. The few existing estimates indicate that fruit trees and fertiliser management on them, can substantially sequester carbon in coffee monocultures, albeit unlikely to the same extent as timber trees. A carbon investor may thus favour timber. In this light, as programs for planting billions and trillion trees are launched “to save the climate”, a wide range of gender, social, justice and environmental concerns are voiced. To challenge the mitigation perspective, we contrasted two hypothetical tree planting strategies: a mitigation (carbon finance) perspective and a livelihoods-centred (local) perspective and explored what a rapid, gender and social inclusion-oriented livelihoods perspective could bring to the process of tree selection. The survey documents indigenous knowledge of trees’ potential (dis)benefits in coffee agroforestry systems among 106 female and male arabica-growers in northwest Vietnam. The results display many similarities between women and men in term of perceived benefits from trees. Women and men prioritized trees based on their economic benefits, impacts on coffee production and improved soil fertility. However, in determining the preferred species, women considered more factors, including consequences for pest and disease (on host tree or coffee), microclimate regulation and shade provision. These findings resemble those by others from the same region and demonstrate that consulting both women and men can result in a more diverse shortlist of potential trees for agroforestry/afforestation that reflect both genders’ economic and labour contributions to the household. Furthermore, tree planting projects would benefit from seeking collaboration for bundled ecosystem services, rather than merely from carbon finance. Conversely, carbon investors can rely on farmers’ preferences and rest assured that they also contribute to sequestering carbon.

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Banda, Chimwemwe, Joachim De Weerdt, Jan Duchoslav e Aubrey Jolex. Self-targeted fertilizer subsidies. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136464.

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Pelizan, Leticia, Ahmad Rahnema e Gina Martí. Overview of Ghana's Fertilizer Sector. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, novembro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/018.op-323.

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Frazier, A. W., E. F. Dillard, R. D. Thrasher, K. R. Waerstad, S. R. Hunter, J. J. Kohler e R. M. Scheib. Crystallographic properties of fertilizer compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), fevereiro de 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6905382.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Agricultural intensification and fertilizer use. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298811_05.

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Fawcett, Jim, Antonio Mallarino, Josh Sievers, Micah Smidt, Matt Schnabel e Lance Miller. On-Farm Soybean Fertilizer Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1759.

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Fawcett, Jim, Jim Rogers, Lyle Rossiter, Wayne Roush e Josh Sievers. On-Farm Corn Fertilizer Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1763.

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