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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Fairness Preferences"
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Song, Lei, Qi Xin e Cheng-Min Wu. "Pricing Problem in the E-Commerce Low-Carbon Supply Chain under Asymmetric Fairness Preferences". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (3 de março de 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3268130.
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Given the different fairness preferences of online retailers and their investment in emission reduction and revenue sharing with manufacturers, an e-commerce low-carbon supply chain decision model was established using Stackelberg game theory under three circumstances: no fairness preference, symmetric fairness preferences, and asymmetric fairness preferences. Results reveal that the asymmetric fairness preference behaviors of online retailers weaken the manufacturers’ profits, where the online retailer’s utility is negatively correlated with its asymmetric fairness preference coefficient. The real fairness preference coefficient of the online retailer estimated by the manufacturer is negatively correlated with the manufacturer’s wholesale price and carbon emission reduction. The revenue sharing proportion of the manufacturer presents a positive correlation with its wholesale price but shows no correlation with the retail price, the green degree, or the supply chain profit. Within a feasible region, the proportion of the online retailer’s investment in emission reduction is positively correlated with the manufacturer’s profit, the online retailer’s utility, the total utility of the supply chain, the carbon emission reduction, the product’s retail price, and the product’s wholesale price.
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Zhang, Yinjunjie, Manuel Hoffmann, Raisa Sara e Catherine Eckel. "Fairness preferences revisited". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 223 (julho de 2024): 278–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.04.033.
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Cao, Zhaoyu, Xu Zhao, Yucheng Zou, Kairong Hong e Yanwei Zhang. "Multidimensional Fair Fuzzy Equilibrium Evaluation of Housing Expropriation Compensation from the Perspective of Behavioral Preference: A Case Study from China". Mathematics 9, n.º 6 (18 de março de 2021): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9060650.
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With the rapid development of urbanization, substantial land areas and houses are expropriated, which can cause huge numbers of disputes related to expropriation compensation. The root of the disputes is that the associated subjects are affected by various behavioral preferences and make different cognitive fairness judgments based on the same compensation price. However, the existing expropriation compensation strategies based on the market value under the assumption of “the economic man” hypothesis cannot meet the fairness preference demands of the expropriated. Therefore, finding a compensation price that satisfies subjects’ multidimensional fairness preferences, including profit-seeking, loss aversion, and interactive fairness preferences, is necessary. Only in this way can the subjects reach an agreement regarding fair compensation and resolve their disputes. Because of the fuzziness of subjects’ expected revenues, this paper innovatively introduces trigonometric intuitional fuzzy numbers to construct one-dimensional and multidimensional fair fuzzy equilibrium evaluation models. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is adopted to convert a multidimensional problem into a multiattribute group decision problem, which simplifies the problem of finding multidimensional equilibrium when considering the multidimensional fairness preferences of the two subjects. Real case data are introduced to verify the validity of this method. The research results show that upward revision of the multidimensional fairness preferences based on the market value assists in achieving a fair compensation agreement. Consideration of the influence of the subjects’ multidimensional fairness preferences on the fairness equilibrium is conducive to resolving the disputes, and provides a reference for the settlement of expropriation compensation disputes in developing countries.
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Miller, Fabienne, Christine A. Denison e Linda J. Matuszewski. "Modeling the Antecedents of Preferences for Incomplete Contracts in Bilateral Trade: An Experimental Investigation". Behavioral Research in Accounting 25, n.º 1 (1 de outubro de 2012): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-50346.
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ABSTRACT: Contracts constitute an important control mechanism. Their design is influenced by the preferences of the contracting parties, in addition to firm-level economic transaction costs. This study conducts an experiment to explore the antecedents of preferences for a less complete contract in a trade setting. Results from an experiment indicate that the preference for a more complete versus a less complete contract depends on the perceived riskiness of the incomplete contract, which is influenced by the perceived bargaining power and fairness preferences (namely, distributive and procedural fairness preferences) of the contracting parties. In other words, we find evidence that suggests that choosing the completeness of a contract is a form of risk-taking, and that the preference for a more incomplete contract is influenced by perceived power and fairness preferences.
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Wang, Yong, Tianze Tang, Weiyi Zhang, Zhen Sun e Qiaoqin Xiong. "The Achilles tendon of dynamic pricing –– the effect of consumers' fairness preferences on platform's dynamic pricing strategies". Journal of Internet and Digital Economics 1, n.º 1 (7 de outubro de 2021): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jide-08-2021-0004.
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PurposeIn this paper, the authors study the effect of consumers' fairness preferences on dynamic pricing strategies adopted by platforms in a non-cooperative game.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies fair game and repeated game theory.FindingsThis study reveals that, in a one-shot game, if consumers have fairness preferences, dynamic prices will slightly decline. In a repeated game, dynamic prices will be reduced even when consumers do not have fairness preferences. When fairness preferences and repeated game are considered simultaneously, dynamic prices are most likely to be set at fair prices. The authors also discuss the effect of platforms' discounting factors, the consumers' income and alternative choices of consumption on the dynamic prices.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings illustrate the importance of incorporating behavioral elements in understanding and designing the dynamic pricing strategies for platforms and the implications on social welfare in general.Originality/valueThe authors developed a theoretical model to incorporate consumers' fairness preference into the decision-making process of platforms when they design the dynamic pricing strategies.
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Kleinberg, Jon, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan e Ashesh Rambachan. "Algorithmic Fairness". AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (1 de maio de 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181018.
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Concerns that algorithms may discriminate against certain groups have led to numerous efforts to ‘blind’ the algorithm to race. We argue that this intuitive perspective is misleading and may do harm. Our primary result is exceedingly simple, yet often overlooked. A preference for fairness should not change the choice of estimator. Equity preferences can change how the estimated prediction function is used (e.g., different threshold for different groups) but the function itself should not change. We show in an empirical example for college admissions that the inclusion of variables such as race can increase both equity and efficiency.
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Ge, Genhasi, Daoping Wang e Mesumbe Bianca Epede. "Pricing Policies of Green Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Fairness Concerns and Altruistic Preferences Based on Consumers’ Environmental Awareness and Channel Preference". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 20 (19 de outubro de 2022): 13564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013564.
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Taking into consideration fairness concerns and altruistic preferences of manufacturers, this paper aims to propose a green dual-channel supply chain that incorporates consumers’ environmental awareness (CEA) and channel preference. The purpose of this work is to explore and further compare the optimal outcomes in a green dual-channel supply chain in three scenarios, which are the fairness-neutrality scenario (Model N), the manufacturer is concerned with fairness scenario (Model F), and the manufacturer has altruistic preference (Model A), respectively. The game-theoretical models with different fairness preferences, comparative, and numerical analyses are used to put forward the impacts of consumers’ channel preference and CEA on pricing, profits, and utilities, and to identify the differences in decisional outcomes between the three models. The results indicate that CEA always contributes to developing the green market while adversely affecting common products. Moreover, consumers’ channel preferences might enable the manufacturer and retailer to enhance profitability under certain conditions. The findings also reveal that manufacturer’s fairness concerns can possibly increase the demand for green products but impair the overall performance of the supply chain in general. Moreover, while the manufacturer’s altruistic preference benefits the retailer’s profits, it has a detrimental effect on the performance of the green supply chain. The practical implications of this research come to promote green consumption and increasing consumer awareness of environmental protection are effective ways to develop a green supply chain. It is also important to note that in order to maintain the durability and stability of the sup-ply chain, the manufacturer must maintain a moderate level of fairness preference behaviors so that downstream retailers will remain enthusiastic about establishing long-term relationships.
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Li, Zhipeng, Shuzhen Zhu e Xinyu Cao. "Incentive Contract Design considering Fairness Preferences and Carbon Emission Reduction Multiobjective Tasks". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (17 de junho de 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6541682.
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Considering the multitargets of corporate carbon emission reduction and the fairness preference psychology of the company, a government incentive model for corporate carbon emission reduction was constructed. The impact of corporate fairness preferences on government carbon emission reduction incentive strategies is studied. In addition, numerical simulation is used to analyze the impact of changes in correlation coefficients, fairness preference coefficients, and discount rates on the optimal enterprise effort coefficient and the government optimal incentive coefficient. Research shows that the degree of fairness preference of a company has a direct impact on the degree of corporate effort, while the discount rate will only have an impact on the company’s long-term effort. In order to improve corporate carbon emission reduction efforts, the government must not only consider the impact of fairness preference on corporate efforts but also flexibly adjust the incentive coefficient of long-term and short-term tasks based on the discount rate.
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Zhang, Xuemei, Jian Cao, Yang Zhao e Jiansha Lu. "Fairness Concern in Remanufacturing Supply Chain—A Comparative Analysis of Channel Members’ Fairness Preferences". Sustainability 14, n.º 7 (24 de março de 2022): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073813.
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Remanufacturing is a sustainable product reutilization strategy to realize responsible consumption and production. However, it has remained a largely untapped opportunity for enhancing productivity due to some behavioral matters such as fairness concerns of remanufacturing related firms. Concerning the emerging and development of remanufacturing industry, this paper provides a game-theoretic analysis for a remanufacturing supply chain (RSC) consisting of one leading manufacturer and a following retailer, with the inclusion of fairness concern. We propose and compare several scenarios of channel members’ fairness preferences as, both members are fairness concerned, only one member is fairness concerned, and both members are fair neutral, to expound how fairness concern affects RSC strategies and resulting utilities. We also demonstrate dynamic evolution and stable state of channel members’ selections of whether being fairness concerned in the long term. Analytical results show that favorable scenarios for the RSC to achieve desired objective are relevant to its preference for improved supply chain performance or enhanced environmental benefit. Whatever the preference is, however, it is detrimental for both members to be fairness concerned in the short term. In the long term, evolutionary stable strategies of fairness concerns indicate that both members or only one member would choose to be fairness concerned. The eventual status relies on the initial state of fairness preference. The results are especially relevant as a reference for remanufacturing related strategies, thus enhancing production sustainability as well as environmental benefits.
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Thunström, Linda. "Preferences for fairness over losses". Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 83 (dezembro de 2019): 101469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2019.101469.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Fairness Preferences"
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Garcia, Muniesa Jordi. "Preferences for redistribution in times of crisis. The role of fairness considerations and personal economic circumstances". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668069.
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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és contribuir a la comprensió de com les preferències de la ciutadania cap a la redistribució es poden veure afectades per un context de crisi econòmica. L’anàlisi se centra en dos mecanismes pels quals les crisis poden influencia les preferències cap a la redistribució: els canvis en la situació econòmica personal i l’activació consideracions de justícia específicament relacionades amb el context de crisi.
El primer capítol empíric de la tesi se centra en l’impacte de les experiències personals amb la crisi sobre les preferències dels individus per un tipus de política redistributiva en concret: la progressivitat fiscal. Utilitzo dades originals d’una enquesta elaborada en nou països europeus després de la gran crisi de 2008. Els resultats mostren que les preferències redistributives dels ciutadans europeus correlacionaven amb la seva experiència amb la crisi. Aquells que expressaven major privació relativa retrospectiva mostraven major suport per la progressivitat fiscal. De totes formes, els resultats mostren que l’associació era moderada. En part perquè els efectes dels canvis en la situació econòmica personal no van ser homogenis. Entre aquells més afectats per la crisi, només els ciutadans de dretes i aquells que eren pessimistes sobre el seu futur econòmic mostraven un major suport per la progressivitat fiscal.
Al segon i tercer capítols empírics de la tesi analitzo com les consideracions de justícia sobre qui i per què va patir les conseqüències econòmiques de la crisi influeixen les preferències per la redistribució dels ciutadans. En primer lloc, a través d’un experiment de laboratori amb incentius econòmics demostro que les consideracions de justícia basades en si les persones pateixen una pèrdua d’ingressos a causa de factors sota o aliens al control individual influeixen en el suport a la redistribució. Amb aquest experiment també demostro que les consideracions de justícia continuen tenint importància quan s’introdueixen altres motivacions com l’interès personal i la seguretat econòmica. L’experiment de laboratori em permet provar el mecanisme en un context amb una alta validesa interna.
Per comprovar si les consideracions de justícia específicament referides a la situació de la crisi poden influir el suport ciutadà a la redistribució en un entorn més realista i contextualment ric, he utilitzat un experiment d’enquesta. Els tractaments feien referències directes a la crisi econòmica i les seves conseqüències. A través d’aquest experiment analitzo si els marcs conceptuals que atribuïen les causes de patir els efectes de la crisi a factors sota o més enllà del control individual van afectar el suport popular a la redistribució cap als perdedors de crisis després de la Gran Recessió. Curiosament, els resultats mostren que els marcs conceptuals que atribuïen el fet de patir els efectes negatius de la crisi a factors més enllà del control individual no van augmentar significativament el suport a la redistribució. Per contra, els marcs que atribuïen l’impacte de la crisi a un dels factors sota control individual (comportament especulatiu en el passat) si van reduir el suport a la redistribució.
En conjunt, la tesi mostra que un context de crisi econòmica pot influir en les preferències per la redistribució de la ciutadania. De totes formes, no hem d’esperar que les crisis econòmiques tinguin efectes automàtics i homogenis sobre aquestes preferències. D’una banda, he mostrat que les experiències personals amb la crisi poden afectar els nivells de suport a la redistribució, però l’efecte està condicionat per les posicions ideològiques i les expectatives econòmiques dels individus. A més, he demostrat que no només les circumstàncies materials personals poden influir en les preferències per la redistribució. La interpretació que fan els individus de la crisi i els seus efectes també pot influir en el seu suport a la redistribució. Això obre les portes a la influència política de les elits polítiques a través de pràctiques de discursives i l’ús de marcs conceptuals específics.The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how public preferences for redistribution can be affected by contexts of economic crisis. The analysis is focussed on two different mechanisms by which crises can influence redistributive preferences: changes in personal economic circumstances and the activation of crisis-specific fairness considerations. The first empirical chapter of the thesis is focussed on the impact of personal experiences with the crisis on individuals’ preferences for a very specific redistributive policy: progressive taxation. I use original data from a survey conducted in nine European countries in the aftermath of the Great Recession. The results show that European citizens’ redistributive preferences correlated with their personal experience with the crisis. Those who reported higher retrospective relative deprivation tended to show higher support for progressive taxation. Nevertheless, results also show that the aggregate association was moderate. Partly because the effects of changes in personal economic circumstances were not homogeneous. Among those who were hit by the crisis, only right-leaning citizens and those who were pessimistic about their personal economic prospects showed increased support for tax progressivity. In the second and third empirical chapters of the thesis I analyse how fairness considerations relative to who and why suffered the negative economic consequences of crisis influence citizens’ redistributive preferences. Firstly, using an economically incentivised laboratory experiment I show that fairness considerations based on whether individuals suffered an income-loss due to factors under or beyond the individual control influence individuals’ support for redistribution. With this experiment I also show that fairness considerations continue to matter when self-interest and insurance motives are primed. The lab experiment allows me to test the mechanism in a context with high internal validity. To test whether crisis-specific fairness considerations can influence public’s support for redistribution in a more realistic and contextually rich setting I relied on a vignette-based survey experiment. The treatments made direct references to the economic crisis and its consequences. Through this experiment I analyse whether frames attributing the causes of being affected by the crisis to factors under or beyond individual control affected people’s support for redistribution towards crisis losers in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Interestingly, the results show that frames attributing being affected by the crisis to factors beyond individual control did not significantly increase support for redistribution. Contrarily, frames attributing the crisis impact to one of the factors under the individual control (past speculative behaviour) did reduce support for redistribution. Overall, the thesis shows that a context of economic crisis can influence citizens’ preferences for redistribution. However, we should not expect recessions to have automatic and homogeneous effects on citizens’ redistributive preferences. On one hand, I show that personal experiences with the crisis can affect the levels of support for redistribution, but the effect is conditional to individuals’ ideological standings and economic expectations. Additionally, I have shown that not only personal material circumstances can influence people’s redistributive preferences. Their interpretation of the crisis and its effects can also influence their support for redistribution. This opens the door for political influence of political elites through framing practices.
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Benistant, Julien. "Three Essays in behavioral Ethics on Honesty and Fairness". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2085.
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Cette thèse contient trois essais en éthique comportementale. En utilisant des outils d’économie expérimentale et de neurophysiologie, notre travail dévoile certains déterminants sociaux et contextuels qui influencent les décisions liées à l’honnêteté ou à l’équité.Le premier chapitre examine comment les incitations compétitives influencent l’impact de l’identité sociale et de la nature du mensonge sur les comportements (mal)honnêtes. Nos résultats montrent qu’en compétition, l’identité de groupe ne joue aucun rôle, même lorsque les expérimentateurs ne peuvent observer directement le comportement des tricheurs. Cependant, les participants sont moins malhonnêtes lorsque leurs mensonges affectent directement leur adversaire que lorsqu’ils ne les affectent qu’indirectement, mais seulement lorsque l’expérimentateur ne peut pas observer directement leurs mensonges.Le deuxième chapitre examine l’effet d’être informé continuellement des performances, potentiellement malhonnête, d’une autre personne sur la malhonnêteté des individus, tant dans un contexte compétitif que non compétitif. Nos résultats montrent que, seulement en compétition, la malhonnêteté des participants n’est pas affecté par le type d’information qu’ils recoivent (continues ou finales). Cela est principalement dû au fait que, lorsqu’ils ne sont pas informés continuellment, les participants masculins surestiment la malhonnêteté de leur adversaire. Ainsi, lorsqu’ils sont informés du comportement réel de leur adversaire, ils adaptent leur comportement et trichent moins que lorsqu’ils ne sont pas informés.Enfin, le troisième chapitre examine si le fait de subir une perte ou un gain dans une tâche influe sur une décision ultérieure de partage. Conformément à nos prédictions théoriques, nous constatons que le fait de perdre de l’argent, par rapport à un point de référence, réduit la générosité des gens, tandis que l’expérience d’un gain augmente ultérieurement la générosité des individus. Contrairement à ce que l’on pourrait croire, le niveau d’excitation émotionnelle ressenti lorsque les personnes sont informées du montant reçu n’explique pas leur décision de partageThis thesis contains three essays in behavioral ethics. By using tools from experimental economics and neurophysiology our work unveils some social and contextual determinants that affect decisions related to either honesty or fairness.The first chapter investigates how competitive incentives influence the impact of both group identity and the nature of the lie on (dis)honest behavior. Our results show that under competition, group identity plays no role, even when experimenters cannot directly observe the behavior of cheaters. However, participants are less dishonest when their lies directly affect their opponent than when they affect them only indirectly but only when there is no possible scrutiny from the experimenter.The second chapter examines the effect of being continuously informed about another participant’s performance on individuals’ dishonesty in both competitive and non-competitive settings. Our results show that, only non-competitive settings, participants are more likely to be dishonest when we give them continuous information or not. The lack of effect of social information in competitive settings is mainly due to the fact that, when they are not informed, male participants overestimate their opponent’s dishonesty. Thus, when informed of their opponent’s actual behavior, they adapt their behavior and cheat less than when uninformed.Finally, the third chapter studies whether experiencing a loss or a gain in a task affects a subsequent sharing decision. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find that losing money compared to a reference point, reduces people’s generosity while experiencing a gain increases individuals’ subsequent generosity. Unlike expected, the level of emotional arousal when individuals are informed about whether they gained or lost money does not explain their subsequent sharing decision
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Nie, Tengfei. "Operations optimization and contracting coordination for behavioral supply chain with typical social preferences". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0009/document.
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Cette thèse étudie l’incorporation des préférences sociales typiques, telles que le souci de justice et la réciprocité, dans la chaîne logistique. Les impacts de ces préférences sociales sur la prise de décisions dans la chaîne logistique, sur l’efficacité et la coordination du canal de distribution sont étudiés. Plus spécifiquement, la thèse se focalise sur trois questions essentielles ci-dessous : 1. Qu’est-ce qui différencie un canal conventionnel d’un canal comportemental qui prend en compte la justice et/ou la réciprocité par exemple ? 2. Comment ces facteurs comportementaux influencent-ils la prise de décisions du fournisseur et du distributeur dans la chaîne logistique ? 3. Quels effets ont ces préférences sociales sur la coordination du canal de distribution et sur son efficacité ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, nous développons deux modèles d’opérations comportementales. Nous construisons d’abord un modèle de vendeur de journaux pour une chaîne logistique dyadique avec prise en compte de justice dans un processus de négociation de Nash. Dans ce modèle, un fournisseur joue un jeu de Stackelberg avec un distributeur qui doit faire face à une demande aléatoire. La solution de Nash est utilisèe comme référence de justice pour formellement décrire un compromis perçu comme juste, ce qui constitue une nouvelle manière de traiter la justice dans une chaîne logistique. Ensuite nous étudions un canal de distribution similaire mais où le fournisseur et le distributeur ont une préférence pour la réciprocité et la demande est supposée déterministe. Dans ce modèle, l’impact de l’intention dans une chaîne logistique est étudié pour la première fois. Des analyses approfondies de ces modèles comportementaux nous permettent de tirer des aperçus managériaux intéressants,comme par exemple le fait que le souci de justice joue un rôle important sur la difficulté de coordonner un canal de distribution. Nous avons démontré qu’un canal dyadique avec prise en compte de réciprocité peut être coordonné en utilisant un prix de gros constant, ce qui signifie que le problème de double marginalisation ne se pose pas nécessairement tout le tempsThis thesis studies how to incorporate typical social preferences, such as fairness concerns and reciprocity, into the context of supply chain. The impacts of theses social preferences on the supply chain’s decisions, channel efficiency and coordination are investigated. Specifically, it focuses on three important questions as follows: 1, what are the differences between the conventional channel and the behavioral channel (e.g., fairness-concerned channel and reciprocal channel)? 2, how do these behavioral factors influence the decisions of the supplier and the retailer in the supply chain? 3, what effects have these social preferences on the coordination of the channel and its efficiency? In order to answer these questions, two models of behavioral operations are formulated. A newsvendor model for a dyadic supply chain with Nash bargaining fairness concerns is built first. In this model, a supplier plays Stackelberg game with a retailer who faces stochastic demand. Nash bargaining solution is used as fairness reference to formally depict perceptively fair compromise, which is a new perspective to study fairness concerns in a supply chain. Then a similar dyadic channel in which a retailer and/or a supplier have a preference for reciprocity is investigated, but the retailer is facing deterministic demand. In this model, the impact of intention is studied within the context of supply chain for the first time. Some interesting and valuable managerial insights are drawn by analyzing the two behavioral models. For example, fairness concern does have great impact on the difficulty of coordinating a channel. In addition, the dyadic channel with reciprocity can be coordinated by using a constant wholesale price, which implies that the problem of double marginalization is not necessary to be present all the time
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De, boras Sandrine. "Vers une refondation de la tarification sociale ferroviaire?- Le cas de la carte Familles Nombreuses". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO22012/document.
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L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer, dans le contexte actuel de dysfonctionnements de la tarification sociale ferroviaire, de remise en cause des interventions publiques, et de déréglementation des réseaux, s’il est possible de réformer ce type de tarification et quelle sont les marges de manœuvre disponibles. La réflexion s’applique au cas de la carte Familles Nombreuses imposée par l’Etat à la SNCF.Dans ce sens, nous appréhendons d’abord le terme de tarification sociale en pratique et en théorie afin d’élaborer une définition générique, puis analysons les modalités alternatives d’organisation et de financement des tarifs sociaux. Nous recherchons ensuite, à travers une analyse historique détaillée du tarif Familles Nombreuses et des relations de gouvernance entre l’entreprise et l’Etat, les leviers et les freins qui permettent d’engager ces évolutions. Nous mettons en évidence les évolutions proposées jusqu’à présent et les éléments déclencheurs de ces évolutions.Forts de ces enseignements et à partir d’une enquête préférences déclarées, nous formulons des propositions d’aménagement du tarif Familles Nombreuses. Elles reposent sur la sensibilité et les choix réels des consommateurs et sont évaluées à partir de calculs de surplus. Les marges de manœuvre apparaissent finalement peu nombreuses. Les évolutions envisagées risquent de provoquer de nombreux mécontentements pour un gain de surplus finalement faible, voire négatif. Une solution pourrait alors consister en l’intégration du tarif Familles Nombreuses dans le système de yield management. Cela permettrait à la SNCF de disposer de marges de manœuvre plus importantes, à l’Etat de sortir de la contrainte de financement et à l’usager de bénéficier de réductions plus importantes. Ainsi, à travers une sorte de policy mix entre les logiques commerciale et sociale, le yield management pourrait constituer un outil de politique sociale, source de justice sociale et de redistributionThe aim of our study is to determine, in the context of dysfunctions with social tariffs in the French railway industry, challenging of public policy, and deregulation of network industries, if it is possible to reform this type of tariff and which ways we can use. Our work deals with the case study of the card “Familles Nombreuses”, which is a social tariff imposed by the State to the French railway operator, SNCF.First we analyze social tariffs in a practical and theoretical approach to make a generic definition. Then we analyze some alternative ways of organizing and financing social tariffs.Then, we are seeking, through a detailed historical analysis of the social tariff “Familles Nombreuses” and the governance relations between SNCF and government, elements that allow these changes. We highlight the changes proposed until today and the events that cause these changes.With these lessons and a stated preference survey, we make, some proposals to reform the social tariff “Familles Nombreuses”. They are based on the sensitivity and real consumer choice, not on assumptions or deductions and are evaluated with calculations of surplus. In terms of results, if we can’t make a single proposal that would be "the" solution, we make some recommendations depending on the objectives of different actors and the role they wish to give to social tariffs. We can also determine the commitment to social tariffs. Leeways appear in fact limited. The changes based on the current commercial tarifs may cause a stir discontent and the surplus could be finally low or even negative. One solution could consist in inserting the social tariff « Familles Nombreuses » into the global system of yield management. This would allow the SNCF to have greater leeway on this tariff, the State to face no longer the funding constraints and the user to be offered more discount. Thus, through a policy between commercial and social logic, the yield management could be a tool of social policy, source of social justice and redistribution
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Mo, Zhexun. "A Few Essays on the Political Economy of Inequalities in Africa and China". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0057.
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Cette thèse de doctorat s’inscrit dans mes intérêts de recherche générale à l’intersection de l’économie du développement, de l’économie politique et de l’histoire économique. Plus précisément, mon programme de recherche se concentre autour de deux axes principaux. D’une part, en numérisant des ensembles de données historiques à grande échelle, j’explore les vicissitudes à long terme des inégalités sous des formes multidimensionnelles en Afrique et en Asie de l’Est, en particulier leurs déterminants historiques (via l’avènement et la fin du colonialisme, la montée et la chute de différents régimes politiques, etc.) et leurs interactions à long terme avec le développement contemporain et les résultats de la croissance. D’autre part, j’adopte une perspective plus micro en concevant des expériences d’enquête transnationales pour comprendre comment les gens perçoivent subjectivement les inégalités et forment leurs préférences en matière de redistribution, en particulier dans les pays en développement où la forte présence d’institutions traditionnelles et des trajectoires de croissance uniques peuvent avoir façonné la vision des citoyens sur l’inégalité et le développement de manière différente, les idées tirées pouvant également éclairer les politiques pour un développement plus durable à long terme. Dans cette thèse de doctorat, je tente de répondre à ces questions en me concentrant sur les dimensions de recherche susmentionnées en quatre chapitres traversant les territoires de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et de l’Asie de l’Est. Dans le premier chapitre, j’examine les déterminants historiques de la conception des institutions coloniales françaises en Afrique de l’Ouest, En particulier, je me concentre sur l’un des épisodes de travail forcé les plus draconiens intégrés dans le système de conscription de l’époque, spécifiquement au Mali colonial où les réservistes militaires étaient exploités pour les travaux publics et la construction de chemins de fer. J’estime les répercussions à long terme du travail forcé colonial en collectant manuellement un énorme ensemble de données historiques sur les soldats coloniaux au Mali avec mes collègues qui recherchent sur le développement au Mali contemporain. Dans mes deuxième et troisième chapitres, je m’éloigne du colonialisme en Afrique de l’Ouest et me plonge dans l’étude des perceptions des inégalités et de la formation des préférences redistributives dans la Chine contemporaine. À travers deux expériences d’enquête consécutives avec mes co-auteurs,nous constatons que les attitudes des citoyens chinois envers les inégalités et les préférences pour la redistribution diffèrent significativement des idéaux occidentaux, et nous tentons de rationaliser cet ensemble unique de préférences avec l’expérience économique transitoire de la Chine et la faible agence politique de la population. Dans mon dernier chapitre, je retourne dans l’histoire de la Chine au 20e siècle et, avec mes coauteurs, nous estimons l’évolution à long terme de l’accumulation de la richesse nationale chinoise depuis la fondation de la République de Chine (1911) jusqu’en 2020. Nous trouvons des modèlestrès frappants en ce qui concerne la dynamique de l’accumulation de la richesse d’un pays ayant subi des trajectoires politiques et de développement drastiques au cours du siècle dernier, ce qui ouvre la voie à plus de dialogues pour comprendre la relation complexe entre inégalité et croissance en Chine et dans le monde en développement en général à l’avenirThis Ph.D. dissertation speaks to my general research interests at the intersections of development economics, political economy and economic history. Specifically, my research agenda centers around two main axes. On the one hand, by digitizing large-scale historical datasets, I explore the long-term vicissitudes of inequalities in multi-dimensional forms in both Africa and East Asia, in particular their historical determinants (via the advent and end of colonialism, the rise and fall of different political regimes, etc) and their long-run interactions with contemporary development and growth outcomes. On the other hand, I zoom in from a more micro perspective, by designing cross-country survey experiments, in order to understand how people subjectively perceive inequalities and form preferences for redistribution, especially in developing countries where the strong presence of traditional institutions and unique growth trajectories could have shaped citizens to view inequality and development in alternative manners and the insights from which could also inform policy-making for more sustainable development in the longer run. In this Ph.D. thesis, I attempt to answer these questions centering around the aforementioned research dimensions in four chapters, traversing the territories of West Africa and East Asia. In the first chapter, I examine the historical determinants over the design of French colonial institutions in West Africa. In particular, I zoom in on one of the most draconian forced labor episodes embedded in the conscription system at the time, specifically in colonial Mali where military reservists were exploited for public works and railway construction, and estimate the long-term developmental repercussions of colonial forced labor by hand-collecting an enormous historical dataset on colonial soldiers in Mali together with my colleagues researching on development in contemporary Mali. In my second and third chapters, I depart away from colonialism in West Africa, and dive into investigating inequality perceptions and the formation of redistributive preferences in contemporary China. Via two consecutive survey experiments with my co-authors, we find that Chinese citizens’ attitudes towards inequalities and preferences for redistribution differ significantly from the western ideals,and we attempt to rationalize this unique set of preferences with China’s transitional economic experience and low political agency of the population. In my final chapter, I go back into the history of China in the 20th century, and together with my co-authors, we estimate the long-run evolution of Chinese national wealth accumulation from the founding of the Republic of China (1911) till 2020. We find very striking patterns with regards to the dynamics of wealth accumulation of a country having undergone drastic political and development trajectories over the past century, which paves the way for more dialogues on understanding the intricate relationship between inequality and growth in China and the developing world at large in the future
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WENG, WEI-LING, e 翁暐甯. "The Relationship of Pay Preference and Job-seekers’ Reactions: The Mediating Effects of Fairness Perceptions". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4eezgh.
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碩士東海大學
企業管理學系碩士班
106
This study focuses on the combination of pay and organizational performance, and tries to explore the mediating mechanisms between the combination of pay and organizational financial performance and job-seekers’ reaction, including organizational attraction and job pursuit intention. This study proposes two kind of combination, one is pay level and stock price, and the other is pay base and profitability. Based on the study of Cable and Judge (1994), Aiman-Smith et al. (2001), and Porter et al. (2004), this study extends that distributive and procedural justice perceptions mediate the relationship of pay-financial performance combination and organizational attraction, job pursuit intention. This study adopted the 2x2x2x2 between-subject experimental design, using 16 recruiting advertisement and media report to manipulate the pay level (high v.s. low level), pay base (performance-based v.s. seniority-based), stock prices (high v.s. low level), and firm profitability (high v.s. low level). The sample comprised 604 senior students in university or people who were seeking jobs during the study. Results of the regression analysis revealed that the combination of high pay level and high stock price was indirectly positively related to organizational attraction and job pursuit through distributive justice perception; the combination of performance-based pay and high firm profitability was indirectly positively related to organizational attraction and job pursuit through procedural justice perception. However, the combination of low pay level and high stock price/ seniority-based pay and high firm profitability did not negatively relate to organizational attraction and job pursuit. Therefore, in order to enhance the applicants’ attraction and job intention, the organization should appropriately adjust and design the pay level and compensation system corresponding to organizational performance. Finally, the organization can effectively attract the attention of potential applicant, achieve the expectantly recruitment goal, and increase the effectiveness of integrative recruitment process.
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an, Lin ching, e 林靜安. "The Perceptions of Gender Discrimination, Fairness of the Promotion Process, Career Prospects, and Career Preference: An Investigation of Hospitality Students". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53980101208464068016.
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碩士中國文化大學
觀光休閒事業管理研究所
97
Gender discrimination is an important issue in the work environment. If an employee perceives differential treatment entirely from sex discrimination, rather than his performance, capacity and other factors in the work environment, he may feel injustice, thereby affects his working attitudes. In this study, we investigated the department of hospitality students. For these students, we conducted a research by different gender perspective to explore the existence of perceived gender discrimination before graduation to enter the workplace. By hypotheses testing the perception of gender discrimination and how the perception affects the perceptions of justice and thus affect the perception of career prospects and career preference, to discover the relationships between the subjects of this study. This study investigated the hospitality graduate students as the target respondents, used a questionnaire survey method, and adopted a liner structure equation model to conduct empirical analysis. A total of 420 questionnaires were issued. After receiving 399 copies, we excluded invalid questionnaires, and got 360 valid questionnaires. As a result, the effective rate was 90.23%. The results showed that hospitality students’ perception of gender discrimination significantly negative impacts on the perceived fairness of the promotion process, however, the perception has no significant relationship on the perceived career prospects and the career preference. Hospitality students’ perception of the fairness of the promotion process has significantly positive effect on the perceived career prospects and the career preference. Hospitality students’ perceived career prospects have significantly positive effect on the career preference. Taking gender as a moderator variable, male respondents in compared with the female respondents, have an extra significant negative relationship between the perceived gender discrimination and the career preference in one of the coefficients of the liner structure equation model
Livros sobre o assunto "Fairness Preferences"
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Alexander, Larry. What makes wrongful discrimination wrong?: Biases, preferences, sterotypes [sic], and proxies. [Toronto, Ont.]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1989.
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Stalans, Loretta J. Fairness, protection, and love: Gender, victimization, and procedural preferences for intimate disputes. Chicago: American Bar Foundation, 1995.
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Kaplow, Louis. Fairness versus welfare: Notes on the Pareto principle, preferences, and distributive justice. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
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Asma, Stephen T. Against Fairness. University of Chicago Press, 2020.
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Asma, Stephen T. Against Fairness. University of Chicago Press, 2012.
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Scanlon, T. M. Political Fairness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812692.003.0006.
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One reason for objecting to economic inequality is that it interferes with the fairness of the political system by giving the rich an unacceptable degree of influence over political outcomes. More needs to be said, however, about whether this influence is improper or whether it is unequal. One way in which the influence of the rich can be improper is by leading officials to adopt policies that fail to give proper weight to the interests of poorer citizens. In other cases, it may be that what officials should do is to be guided by the expressed preferences of their constituents. In such cases unequal influence seems more relevant, although even here the basic wrong is failing to be guided by the right standards of official conduct. The ideal of equal influence is best understood not in terms of likelihood of success but rather in terms of equal access to means of influence.
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Thöni, Christian. Trust and Cooperation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630782.003.0009.
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Most of the empirical research on the role of trust as a determinant for economic prosperity relies on survey measured indicators for trust. In this chapter I discuss a number of studies providing micro-foundations of the link between survey measured trust and cooperative behavior in controlled experiments. The results suggest that the most frequently used survey item on trust correlates with a preference for making the trusting move. In contrast, a survey item on fairness is a strong predictor for a person's expectations about the other's trustworthiness. Applied to a cross-cultural perspective I discuss the radius of trust problem and investigate the role of in-group and out-group trust. In a repeated public goods game I find that out-group trust predicts cooperation in the first round of the game, whereas towards the end of the game in-group trust seems to gain importance.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Fairness Preferences"
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Korth, Christian. "Game Theory and Fairness Preferences". In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 19–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02253-1_2.
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Gully, Torsten. "Fairness Preferences and Priming in Contracting". In Non-Profit-Maximizing Behavior in Supply Chain Management, 111–46. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-24088-2_4.
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Segal, Meirav, Anne-Marie George e Christos Dimitrakakis. "Simulating University Application Data for Fair Matchings". In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 132–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17030-0_11.
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AbstractThis paper describes the design of a simulator (work in progress), that is based on Norwegian university admissions and exam data. It generates a realistic population of applicants to university programs, their preferences and study outcomes if they were admitted to the different study programs. This simulator is a versatile tool and can be used to analyse the current admission policy for Norwegian universities in terms of many fairness criteria that, e.g., take into account student preferences, gender balance, university preferences and study outcomes. More generally, it creates a benchmark for testing matching algorithms and fairness notions without revealing sensitive data.
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Tracer, David P. "Justice Preferences: An Experimental Economic Study in Papua New Guinea". In Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Fairness, Equity, and Justice, 143–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58993-0_9.
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Brosnan, Sarah F. "Five. Fairness and Other-Regarding Preferences in Nonhuman Primates". In Moral Markets, editado por Paul J. Zak, 77–104. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400837366.77.
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Almås, Ingvild, Paul Hufe e Daniel Weishaar. "Equality of Opportunity: Fairness Preferences and Beliefs About Inequality". In Handbook of Equality of Opportunity, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52269-2_85-1.
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Almås, Ingvild, Paul Hufe e Daniel Weishaar. "Equality of Opportunity: Fairness Preferences and Beliefs About Inequality". In Handbook of Equality of Opportunity, 653–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55897-9_85.
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Persad, Govind. "Public Preferences About Fairness and the Ethics of Allocating Scarce Medical Interventions". In Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Fairness, Equity, and Justice, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58993-0_4.
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Le Quy, Tai, Gunnar Friege e Eirini Ntoutsi. "Multi-fair Capacitated Students-Topics Grouping Problem". In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 507–19. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33374-3_40.
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AbstractGroup work is a prevalent activity in educational settings, where students are often divided into topic-specific groups based on their preferences. The grouping should reflect students’ aspirations as much as possible. Usually, the resulting groups should also be balanced in terms of protected attributes like gender, as studies suggest that students may learn better in mixed-gender groups. Moreover, to allow a fair workload across the groups, the cardinalities of the different groups should be balanced. In this paper, we introduce a multi-fair capacitated (MFC) grouping problem that fairly partitions students into non-overlapping groups while ensuring balanced group cardinalities (with a lower and an upper bound), and maximizing the diversity of members regarding the protected attribute. To obtain the MFC grouping, we propose three approaches: a greedy heuristic approach, a knapsack-based approach using vanilla maximal knapsack formulation, and an MFC knapsack approach based on group fairness knapsack formulation. Experimental results on a real dataset and a semi-synthetic dataset show that our proposed methods can satisfy students’ preferences and deliver balanced and diverse groups regarding cardinality and the protected attribute, respectively.
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Kacprzyk, Janusz, e Sławomir Zadrożny. "Towards a Fairness-Oriented Approach to Consensus Reaching Support Under Fuzzy Preferences and a Fuzzy Majority via Linguistic Summaries". In Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XXIII, 189–211. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52886-0_13.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Fairness Preferences"
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Airiau, Stéphane, Haris Aziz, Ioannis Caragiannis, Justin Kruger, Jérôme Lang e Dominik Peters. "Portioning Using Ordinal Preferences: Fairness and Efficiency". In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/2.
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A public divisible resource is to be divided among projects. We study rules that decide on a distribution of the budget when voters have ordinal preference rankings over projects. Examples of such portioning problems are participatory budgeting, time shares, and parliament elections. We introduce a family of rules for portioning, inspired by positional scoring rules. Rules in this family are given by a scoring vector (such as plurality or Borda) associating a positive value with each rank in a vote, and an aggregation function such as leximin or the Nash product. Our family contains well-studied rules, but most are new. We discuss computational and normative properties of our rules. We focus on fairness, and introduce the SD-core, a group fairness notion. Our Nash rules are in the SD-core, and the leximin rules satisfy individual fairness properties. Both are Pareto-efficient.
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Halpern, Daniel, e Nisarg Shah. "Fair and Efficient Resource Allocation with Partial Information". In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/32.
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We study the fundamental problem of allocating indivisible goods to agents with additive preferences. We consider eliciting from each agent only a ranking of her k most preferred goods instead of her full cardinal valuations. We characterize the amount of preference information that must be elicited in order to satisfy envy-freeness up to one good and approximate maximin share guarantee, two widely studied fairness notions. We also analyze the multiplicative loss in social welfare incurred due to the lack of full information with and without fairness requirements.
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Haider, Chowdhury Mohammad Rakin, Christopher Clifton e Ming Yin. "Do Crowdsourced Fairness Preferences Correlate with Risk Perceptions?" In IUI '24: 29th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3640543.3645209.
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Panda, Atasi, Anand Louis e Prajakta Nimbhorkar. "Individual Fairness under Group Fairness Constraints in Bipartite Matching - One Framework to Approximate Them All". In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/20.
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We study the probabilistic assignment of items to platforms that satisfies both group and individual fairness constraints. Each item belongs to specific groups and has a preference ordering over platforms. Each platform enforces group fairness by limiting the number of items per group that can be assigned to it. There could be multiple optimal solutions that satisfy the group fairness constraints, but this alone ignores item preferences. Our approach explores a `best of both worlds fairness' solution to get a randomized matching, which is ex-ante individually fair and ex-post group-fair. Thus, we seek a `probabilistic individually fair' distribution over `group-fair' matchings where each item has a `high' probability of matching to one of its top choices. This distribution is also ex-ante group-fair. Users can customize fairness constraints to suit their requirements. Our first result is a polynomial-time algorithm that computes a distribution over `group-fair' matchings such that the individual fairness constraints are approximately satisfied and the expected size of a matching is close to OPT. We empirically test this on real-world datasets. We present two additional polynomial-time bi-criteria approximation algorithms that users can choose from to balance group fairness and individual fairness trade-offs. For disjoint groups, we provide an exact polynomial-time algorithm adaptable to additional lower `group fairness' bounds. Extending our model, we encompass `maxmin group fairness,' amplifying underrepresented groups, and `mindom group fairness,' reducing the representation of dominant groups.'
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Belahcène, Khaled, Vincent Mousseau e Anaëlle Wilczynski. "Combining Fairness and Optimality when Selecting and Allocating Projects". In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/6.
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We consider the problem of the conjoint selection and allocation of projects to a population of agents, e.g. students are assigned papers and shall present them to their peers. The selection can be constrained either by quotas over subcategories of projects, or by the preferences of the agents themselves. We explore fairness and optimality issues and refine the analysis of the rank-maximality and popularity optimality concepts. We show that they are compatible with reasonable fairness requirements related to rank-based envy-freeness and can be adapted to select globally good projects according to the preferences of the agents.
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Hosseini, Hadi, Aghaheybat Mammadov e Tomasz Wąs. "Fairly Allocating Goods and (Terrible) Chores". In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/305.
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We study the fair allocation of mixture of indivisible goods and chores under lexicographic preferences---a subdomain of additive preferences. A prominent fairness notion for allocating indivisible items is envy-freeness up to any item (EFX). Yet, its existence and computation has remained a notable open problem. By identifying a class of instances with "terrible chores", we show that determining the existence of an EFX allocation is NP-complete. This result immediately implies the intractability of EFX under additive preferences. Nonetheless, we propose a natural subclass of lexicographic preferences for which an EFX and Pareto optimal (PO) allocation is guaranteed to exist and can be computed efficiently for any mixed instance. Focusing on two weaker fairness notions, we investigate finding EF1 and Pareto optimal allocations for special instances with terrible chores, and show that MMS and PO allocations can be computed efficiently for any mixed instance with lexicographic preferences.
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Cachel, Kathleen, e Elke Rundensteiner. "PreFAIR: Combining Partial Preferences for Fair Consensus Decision-making". In FAccT '24: The 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3630106.3658961.
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Freeman, Rupert, Evi Micha e Nisarg Shah. "Two-Sided Matching Meets Fair Division". In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/29.
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We introduce a new model for two-sided matching which allows us to borrow popular fairness notions from the fair division literature such as envy-freeness up to one good and maximin share guarantee. In our model, each agent is matched to multiple agents on the other side over whom she has additive preferences. We demand fairness for each side separately, giving rise to notions such as double envy-freeness up to one match (DEF1) and double maximin share guarantee (DMMS). We show that (a slight strengthening of) DEF1 cannot always be achieved, but in the special case where both sides have identical preferences, the round-robin algorithm with a carefully designed agent ordering achieves it. In contrast, DMMS cannot be achieved even when both sides have identical preferences.
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Del Pia, Alberto, Dušan Knop, Alexandra Lassota, Krzysztof Sornat e Nimrod Talmon. "Aggregation of Continuous Preferences in One Dimension". In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/304.
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We develop a general, formal model of social choice in which voters have continuous preferences over a one-dimensional space. Our model is parameterized by different restrictions that we introduce regarding the way voter preferences change in time as well as the optimization criteria (that correspond to a normative continuum of fairness definitions) desired from an aggregation method---that outputs a continuous, one-dimensional curve---given such inputs. We discuss the applicability of the model to different real-world situations and, as a first step towards an analysis of the different model realizations, we concentrate on identifying those cases that are computationally feasible to compute.
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Jia, Junjie, Tianyue Shang e Si Chen. "De-Biasing Rating Propensityalgorithmin Group Recommendation". In 12th International Conference on Advanced Information Technologies and Applications. Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2023.130608.
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In recent years, group recommendation systems have gradually attracted attentionwith the increasingphenomenon of people's group activities.Nonetheless, most research focuses on optimizing machine learning models to fit user behavior databetter.However, user behavior data is observational rather than experimental. Due to the different psychological benchmarks of user ratings, the training data evaluated by the algorithm cannot fully represent the real preferences of the target group. A De-Biasing Rating Propensity Algorithmin group recommendation is proposed. The proposed algorithmidentifies user groups with similar behavior preferences through the Predict & AHC algorithm based on cosine similarity, and calculates user bias information by groupand user preference tendency for different user groups. The De-Biasing Proportionon different items is used to build a rating bias consistency model, which effectively adjusts the user's predicted rating.The experimental results show that the algorithm can significantly improve the quality and fairness of recommendation.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Fairness Preferences"
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Berry, James, Rebecca Dizon-Ross e Maulik Jagnani. Not Playing Favorites: An Experiment on Parental Fairness Preferences. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, fevereiro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26732.
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Kaplow, Louis, e Steven Shavell. Fairness Versus Welfare: Notes on the Pareto Principle, Preferences, and Distributive Justice. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, abril de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9622.
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Athey, Susan, Dean Karlan, Emil Palikot e Yuan Yuan. Smiles in Profiles: Improving Fairness and Efficiency Using Estimates of User Preferences in Online Marketplaces. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, novembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30633.
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The E-Levy and Merchant Payment Exemption in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies, fevereiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.009.
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In this paper we look into the increasing use of electronic payment technologies in low-income countries (LICs), with a particular focus on the use of mobile money in Ghana. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of tax exemptions for incentivising businesses and customers to adopt digital merchant payments, and shaping their perceptions of the tax system. Specifically, we investigate the impact of an exemption embedded in Ghana's electronic transfer levy (e-levy), implemented in May 2022. Through a mixed-methods approach, involving survey data from 1,065 businesses and focus group discussions with Ghanaian citizens, we explore the barriers and drivers to merchants' (businesses’) registration with mobile money for digital merchant payments. We assess the impact of the exemption on payment methods and customer preferences, as well as merchants' perceptions of the tax system. Our findings highlight that larger digitally- and financially-inclusive businesses are more likely to adopt digital merchant payments. The exemption appears to have encouraged the use of mobile money for merchant payments, leading to a shift away from personal accounts. However, cash remains prevalent among both users and non-users of mobile money. Merchants using the exempted service express more satisfaction with various aspects of the e-levy policy, and show greater trust in the government and the fairness of the tax system. Our study offers valuable insights into the adoption of digital merchant payments in LICs, and the impact of tax exemptions on merchants' behaviour and perceptions. We provide policy recommendations aimed at promoting the uptake of digital payments among merchants, and enhancing the effectiveness of the tax administration.