Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Faible surface"
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Nowak, Virginie. "Modification des propriétés de surface de polyacide faible greffé". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066398.
Texto completo da fonteBontems, William. "Conception d'un convertisseur analogique numérique de haute résolution et faible surface pour des applications de très faible consommation (Ultra Low Power)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT034.
Texto completo da fonteFollowing the present day environmental issues and the necessary innovation challenges, along with the increasing demand of connected or embedded devices, power consumption is becoming a bottleneck for front-end signal processing circuits. In advanced microelectronics technology nodes, the power supply reduction helps naturally for lower energy dissipation. However, important added efforts are needed for high resolution designs. New design architectures with improved methodologies are necessary to reach performances which could be qualified as "Low Power" or "Ultra Low Power" circuits.In this thesis, our work focused primarily on the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) block, which often accounts for a huge portion of the total power consumption in an analog read-out chain. We explain why successive approximations architectures are still highly competitive. This work highlights recent algorithms and methodologies aimed at achieving the best compromise between resolution, speed and power consumption. We pay constant attention to the die surface. Three versions of ADCs were carefully modeled using MATLAB tools and then designed in 65 nm CMOS technology to evaluate their performances:- A 15-bit resolution SAR ADC with a sampling rate of 200 KS/s.- A 12-bit resolution SAR ADC at a sampling rate of 1.5 MS/s.- A 12-bit resolution SAR ADC based on a time-interleaved architecture, achieving a conversion frequency of 40 MS/s.For these three circuits, a segmented and split digital-to-analog converter (DAC) architecture is used, which significantly reduced the area and relaxed constraints on reference voltages. Calibration algorithms and dynamic element matching were employed to compensate the capacitors mismatch impacts. Additionally, we investigated a new generation of comparator leveraging significantly the reduced power consumption in contrast to conventional comparators, but at the cost of limited speed. Finally, after layout completion, the average consumption and surface characteristics are as follows:- For the 15-bit ADC: 8 µW consumption and an area of 40 µm * 2280 µm.- For the 12-bit ADC: 10 µW consumption and an area of 40 µm * 770 µm.- For the interleaved 12-bit ADC: 280 µW consumption and an area of 1125 µm * 771 µm.These layouts are designed with a shape allowing for column parallel applications
Dubs, Patrice. "Etude d'un jet d'azote supercritique utilisé dans un prototype industriel de traitement de surface à faible impact environnemental". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10121.
Texto completo da fonteA new and efficient process of surface treatment is developed and exists in prototype form at present. The process aims at injecting an inert gas, such as nitrogen, at supercritical conditions through a nozzle. The jet resulting from the expansion of the fluid at high pressure and supercritical temperature impinges normally a flat surface. Alternatively to water jet technologies, which need expansive purification of water after use, and to other classical surface treatment process, this process provides environmental (no generation of additional waste), technical (action on the coating) and energetical (efficiency) benefits. However, the physical phenomena involved in the jet are still poorly understood at present. To understand and model these phenomena, numerical analysis is presented. This analysis is part of a study strategy that aims at gradually increasing the complexity of modeling. A first model aims at describing the evolution of the fluid in time and space, assuming a compressible axisymmetric viscous flow. In this model, the fluid is assumed perfect. A direct extension of this model is then presented where real fluid effects are taken into account in the compressible flow. These models are implemented in finite volume CFD code. Test cases are studied to validate the numerical models. A study of industrial-type configurations, representative of the conditions of use of the process of surface treatment by nitrogen is then conducted
Lequeux, Méderic. "Biodétection d'analytes de faible taille par l'intermédiaire de nanostructures résonantes". Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131038.
Texto completo da fonteThis project is based on ANR project named Nanobiosensor, have for goal to make a QCM/SERS biosensor to sense small analytes. Development of transducer with nanostructures allow to obtain a better reproducibility and measurement reliability. Gold nanostructures allow me to acquire SERS measurement of molecule on the surface and identify it. Moreover, the nanostructures on quartz ship allow me to quantify how many molecules I have on the surface. The coupling of QCM/SERS allow me the access of identification, quantity and observation of small analyte. This coupling has two main goal, the first is to improve the understanding of molecular interaction between streptomycin and the bioreceptor. And the second, the coupling of these two methods allow to develop a sensor to detect small analytes
Dubs, Patrice. "Etude d'un jet d'azote supercritique utilisé dans un prototype industriel de traitement de surface à faible impact environnemental". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10121/document.
Texto completo da fonteA new and efficient process of surface treatment is developed and exists in prototype form at present. The process aims at injecting an inert gas, such as nitrogen, at supercritical conditions through a nozzle. The jet resulting from the expansion of the fluid at high pressure and supercritical temperature impinges normally a flat surface. Alternatively to water jet technologies, which need expansive purification of water after use, and to other classical surface treatment process, this process provides environmental (no generation of additional waste), technical (action on the coating) and energetical (efficiency) benefits. However, the physical phenomena involved in the jet are still poorly understood at present. To understand and model these phenomena, numerical analysis is presented. This analysis is part of a study strategy that aims at gradually increasing the complexity of modeling. A first model aims at describing the evolution of the fluid in time and space, assuming a compressible axisymmetric viscous flow. In this model, the fluid is assumed perfect. A direct extension of this model is then presented where real fluid effects are taken into account in the compressible flow. These models are implemented in finite volume CFD code. Test cases are studied to validate the numerical models. A study of industrial-type configurations, representative of the conditions of use of the process of surface treatment by nitrogen is then conducted
El, Maiss Janwa. "Conception des matériaux à faible énergie de surface : une nouvelle étape pour la production durable". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4073.
Texto completo da fonteTwo types of Low surface energy materials LSEMs can be recognized; those which are firstly applied on solid surfaces to elaborate superhydro/oleophobic surfaces that are micro and nano structured, and secondly at the water/air interface to synthesize new ecofriendly surfactants. LSEMs are essentially made from fluorinated compounds due to their unique properties of being both hydro and oleophobic as well as, their thermal and chemical stability in corrosive media. This project shows that the creation of superhydrophobic materials with high oleophobic properties does not necessarily require the utilization of long and bioaccumulative perfluorocarbon chains. Two approaches were adopted in this field. The first strategy was to develop ProDOT derivatives bearing short fluorinated chains to study the influence of the fluorinated chain length on the surface wettability. The proceeding part was to explore the effect of the introduction of a hydrocarbon tail and study the effect of their type and chain length on the surface properties. Another important aspect of this research involves the application of LSEMs on soft materials like surfactants as alternatives to toxic perfluorinated homologues. This study was done to explore the effect of the variant hydrocarbon chains with a short fluorinated tail of hybrid surfactants as well as the effect of the polar head. In this area, two families of hybrid sulfate and bisulfates were synthesized. Their physico-chemical properties were investigated and interesting results were obtained
Rachdi, Sara. "Impact du creusement des ouvrages souterrains à faible profondeur en milieu urbain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM054.
Texto completo da fonteTunnels construction is increasingly favored as a sustainable transportation and infrastructure development system. 200km are going to be excavated only in France in the next ten years in dense urban areas.During tunnel excavation, ground movements must be controlled and well predicted to avoid any damage on existing buildings. The tunnel face moves typically instantly toward the excavation. The tunnel wall convergence is added to theface extrusion. These movements may spread to the surface of shallow tunnels leading to significant disturbances or accidental damage (differential settlement, cave-in occurrence, buildings collapse, etc.).Different parameters influence the quality of tunnels simulation and induced displacements prediction. The quality of those predictions closely depends on the choice of soil constitutive model. In this context, some widely used soil models in engineering practice not only fail to reproduce some characteristics of soil behavior on the constitutive level but also lead to shallower settlement.This PhD thesis proposes an enhanced critical state model incorporating deviatoric and volumetric hardening mechanisms adapted for tunneling simulations. This model satisfactorily reproduces the nonlinear soil response to laboratory tests and enables a more conservative tunneling design.The impact of other modeling choices is studied through 2D and 3D tunneling simulations in different configurations with the proposed soil model. Furthermore, comparison with measurements obtained from a tunnel section of the Grand Paris Project highlight the performance of the proposed model in simulating tunneling induced displacement
Rouzès, Maxime. "Etude expérimentale de l'hydrodynamique d'un écoulement turbulent à surface libre sur fond rugueux à faible submersion". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14164/1/rouzes.pdf.
Texto completo da fontePetremand, Matthieu Collet Christophe Genova Françoise. "Détection des galaxies à faible brillance de surface, segmentation hyperspectrale dans le cadre de l'observatoire virtuel". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/695/01/PETREMAND2006.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteDe, Man Pierre. "Contrôle actif du rayonnement acoustique des plaques: une approche à faible autorité". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211180.
Texto completo da fonteLe contrôle actif à faible autorité, pour lequel le Laboratoire de Structures Actives a développé une expertise dans le domaine de l'amortissement et du contrôle actif des vibrations, est une solution attractive par sa simplicité de mise en oeuvre. Le plus souvent implémenté sous la forme d'un contrôle décentralisé constitué de boucles indépendantes, le contrôle à faible autorité bénéficie de certaines garanties de stabilité et de robustesse.
Bien que notre stratégie de contrôle puisse s'appliquer à n'importe quel type de plaque, l'application considérée dans ce travail a été motivée par le contexte socio-économique actuel en rapport avec les nuisances acoustiques. Il était en effet intéressant d'évaluer la stratégie de contrôle pour le problème de la transmission acoustique d'un vitrage. La stratégie de contrôle se divise en deux étapes. Tout d'abord le développement d'un capteur unique destiné à fournir une mesure représentative du bruit rayonné par une plaque en basse fréquence. Deux capteurs de vitesse volumétrique (l'un discret, l'autre distribué) ont ainsi été développés et évalués expérimentalement.
Ensuite, une procédure d'optimisation de l'emplacement d'un ensemble d'actionneurs pilotés en parallèle est proposée. L'objectif de cette phase d'optimisation est de forcer la réponse fréquentielle du système à posséder les propriétés d'un système colocalisé. La stratégie de contrôle est ensuite évaluée sur deux structures expérimentales.
/ This thesis is concerned with a low authority active control strategy applied to the sound radiation control of a baffled plate. Since the development of active control ,numerous researchers have studied its application to acoustical or vibroacoustical problems using either the modern control theory or other methods based rather on the understanding of the physics of the problem. Vibroacoustical active control has lead to the definition of radiation modes allowing to describe the radiated sound of a plate in an appropriate manner for active control purposes.
Low autorithy control (LAC), for which the Active Structures Laboratory has gained an expertise for active vibration control applications is an interesting solution for its implementation simplicity. Most of the time it consists of several decentralized control loops, and benefits from guaranteed stability and robustness properties. Although our control strategy can be applied to any kind of plates, the application considered here has been motivated by the present socio-economical context related to noise annoyances. The active control strategy has been applied the problem of the sound transmission loss of glass plates (windows). This strategy is in two steps :first a volume velocity sensor is developed as to give a measure representative of the radiated sound at low frequencies.
Two sensors have been developed (one discrete and one distributed) and experimentally tested. Next, an optimisation strategy is proposed which allow to locate on the plate a set of several actuators driven in parallel. The goal of this optimisation task is to obtain an open-loop frequency response which behave like a collocated system. The control strategy is finally evaluated on two plate structures.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sidi, Ali Cherif Karim. "Matériaux à faible permittivité en interaction avec une solution : caractérisation par spectroscopie d’impédance et fonctionnalisation de surface". Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0037.
Texto completo da fonteWith the continuous downsizing of the interconnect structures, barriers against copper diffusion can no longer be deposited by physical techniques. Therefor, liquid phase deposition techniques are foreseen to achieve conformal coating of the features. However, such processes require an efficient initiation of the metal deposition onto insulating substrates. Also, the porous SiOCH dielectric materials can interact with the deposition solutions. An elegant way to address both issues is to functionalize the extreme surface of porous SiOCH materials in order to (i) seal the open pores to prevent diffusion of the deposition solution and (ii) activate the surface to promote subsequent barrier deposition. In this exploratory study, we first assess the use of impedance spectroscopy to characterize the interaction between an aqueous solution and porous SiOCH materials. This work allows us to validate the technique and propose an efficient methodology of study. Moreover, we demonstrate that water penetrates the porous SiOCH materials according to Fick’s law. Then, the functionalization process by superficial silanization of the porous materials is developed and the efficiency of the pore sealing treatment is demonstrated by ellipsometric porosimetry. Finally, the use of impedance spectroscopy to characterize the efficiency of a pore sealing treatment is discussed
Petremand, Matthieu. "Détection des galaxies à faible brillance de surface et segmentation hyperspectrale dans le cadre de l'observatoire virtuel". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/PETREMAND_Matthieu_2006.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteTechnological progress in astronomical instrumentation raise various issues. The development of multispectral sensors yields extremely valuable data. Nevertheless interpretation and processing of such images remain tricky for the astronomical community. Within the framework of this thesis we propose a new method for the detection of low surface brightness galaxy based on a quadtree Markovian segmentation. We then introduce a new segmentation method of hyperspectral data cubes based on a spectral discrimination and on a spatial regularization of the segmentation map. We then propose two multispectral images visualization methods and a new fuzzy segmentation method based on Markov fields. These methods are validated on astronomical images and led to a fruitful cooperation between STIC and astronomical community
Zhang, Nannan. "Diagnostics d'un jet plasma d'arc soufflé sous très faible pression". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596570.
Texto completo da fonteBastaraud, Alexandra. "Facteurs environnementaux et qualité microbiologique de l'eau potable dans les villes à faible revenu, cas de Madagascar". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV059.
Texto completo da fonteUrbanization is one of the most important changes of the 21st century, especially for sub-Saharan cities. They must manage their natural resources. Water resources, for example, are becoming increasingly vulnerable, either because they can no longer meet the various needs (population, industry, agriculture) or because they are subject to ever-increasing environmental pressures. Continuous pollution by wastewater, runoff and soil erosion suggest that these ecosystems are specific. In cities in low-income countries, such as Madagascar, access to safe drinking water is also limited due to technical and environmental constraints.Understanding how these environmental changes can affect microbiological quality then becomes a public health issue, especially in a context where sanitation and resource protection are not controlled. The objective is to assess the impact of urbanization, as well as other environmental factors on the dynamics of the indicators of contamination of the supply water of Madagascar's cities (i); to characterize the interactions between climatic conditions and the quality of the distributed water (ii).The dynamics of bacterial indicators of water quality supplied have been analyzed over the long term (16 and 32 years) at the scale of urban systems and have shown that bacteriological contamination of urban drinking water is subject to wide seasonal variations, with disparities between cities. The type of resource, the treatment implemented, population growth and environmental threats related to the degradation of urban basins are the main environmental and technical determinants that support contamination profiles. Climatic conditions, including precipitation and non-management of runoff, are the main factors contributing to the biological instability of these urban supply systems from wastewater, runoff and soil erosion suggests that these ecosystems are specific
Vagharchakian, Laurianne. "Adsorption de polyélectrolytes par une surface liquide chargée". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009397.
Texto completo da fonteFregard, Florence. "Rôle des interactions hydrophobes et électrostatiques dans l'adhésion de bactéries méthanogènes aux matériaux de faible énergie de surface". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10047.
Texto completo da fonteSokolov, Dmitry. "Contribution au développement de la projection thermique à très faible pression". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603187.
Texto completo da fonteBoisot, Olivier. "Étude de la rétrodiffusion des surfaces d'eau en bande Ka à faible incidence". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0008.
Texto completo da fonteThe evolution of the altimetric techniques from Ku-band to Ka-band and the wide swath al-timetry in the context of the SWOT mission (« Surface Water Ocean Topography », CNES/NASA) raises new scientific questions about the validity of the backscattering models from water sur-faces in such a frequency band and errors in estimating water heights from time-evolving water surfaces. A backscattering model (GO4) adapted to the SWOT configuration is introduced. It preserves the accuracy of the referencial Physical Optics model while maintaining the simplicity of the clas-sical Optical Geometrics model. In addition to the classical slope parameter, it introduces another parameter called as « effective curvature » (msc). This model allows the inverson of the surface slope and curvature parameters under certain conditions which are developped in this manus-cript. The joint validity of the backscattering models in Ka-band and from water surfaces is che-cked from controlled wind-wave tank radar measurements . In a last part, the temporal properties of the backscattered signal is studied, in particular the correlation time and the Doppler shift induced by waves motion. Influence of the latters on the non focused SAR synthesis is studied in the context of the SWOT system
Aubourg, Quentin. "Étude expérimentale de la turbulence d’ondes à la surface d’un fluide. La théorie de la turbulence faible à l’épreuve de la réalité pour les ondes de capillarité et gravité". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI061/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe wave turbulence provides a statistical description of the interactions of a large set of weakly non-linear waves. Introduced in the 1960s by the works of Zakharov and Hasselmann, this theory often fails against experiments, particularly for gravity waves and at the crossover for capillary-gravity waves. The objective of this PhD is to study experimentally these two regimes by looking directly at the resonant interactions that are the heart of the weak turbulence theory. The first experiment focuses on the capillary-gravity regime. An energy cascade composed of weakly linear waves is observed in agreement with the phenomenology of the theory. The use of higher order statistical tools shows that it is essentially 3-waves collinear interaction that govern the cascade. The second experiment explores the pure gravity regime thanks to the large dimensions of the Coriolis platform. The full energy spectrum shows the systematic presence of the harmonic branch, although it remains small compared to the linear component. The correlations indicate the presence of strong 3-waves interactions between the linear branch and the harmonics branches. No 4-waves interaction as assumed by the theory is observed. The last section reports the results from an experiment on internal waves and from in situ data of the Black Sea made available by F. Ardhuin. These two experiments confirm the results of the previous section and raise the question of the importance of the 3-wave interaction with the harmonic branch for generating the energy cascade in the gravity wave regime…
Ntagwirumugara, Etienne. "Co-intégration d'un filtre à ondes de surface avec un amplificateur d'entrée de faible bruit sur Si pour téléphone mobile". Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4bd689b6-f6f2-4c58-8579-cd72bb25debf.
Texto completo da fonteThe study presented in this thesis relates to the analysis of a ladder-type filter co-integrated with a CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) in the frequency band around 945-MHz. The theoretical study of the filter was carried out by using initially the coupling of modes model (COM) but also by applying equivalent circuit RLC of the resonator. The filter was developed on a structure with three layers of a ZnO film and aluminium (Al) electrodes on a silicon (Si) substrate with a Ti for metallization. This filter is composed of six resonators on the same port. The theoretical and experimental results were analyzed. An amplifier low noise entirely co-integrated with this filter intended for the use in a global system mobile(GSM) receiver, was implemented in a standard process of 0,35µm in technology CMOS. Design procedure and simulation results of filter-LNA unit by using an amplifier with four types of inductances of different quality factors (Q) were presented. Our study enables us to affirm that today; we can make the co-integration of the two components (filter with LNA). Finally, we present the layout of the filter-LNA unit
Mounoury, Sébastien. "Contribution au modèle d'interaction fluide structure de prédiction de comportement d'une surface souple de faible épaissseur soumise : application aux voiles". Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2095.
Texto completo da fonteThis study adds to the development of a non linear aeroelastic model which is destined to predict the behaviour of a thin flexible surface in contact with a flow under the hypothesis of an inviscid fluid. This fluid-structure interaction model integrates a structure alculation, based on a string networkmodel, with a fluid calculation, based on a singularity method associated with a vortex method. Both the string model and the string network model are explained and applied to problems permitting analytical or semi analytical solutions. The fluid structure coupling, allowing the interface to be managed, is a weak coupling. The model obtained is applied to a class 8 foresail. The results are compared to those obtained from a membrane model. The experiments conducted in a wind tunnel on a small scale model rig are presented
Boisot, Olivier. "Étude de la rétrodiffusion des surfaces d'eau en bande Ka à faible incidence". Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0008/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe evolution of the altimetric techniques from Ku-band to Ka-band and the wide swath al-timetry in the context of the SWOT mission (« Surface Water Ocean Topography », CNES/NASA) raises new scientific questions about the validity of the backscattering models from water sur-faces in such a frequency band and errors in estimating water heights from time-evolving water surfaces. A backscattering model (GO4) adapted to the SWOT configuration is introduced. It preserves the accuracy of the referencial Physical Optics model while maintaining the simplicity of the clas-sical Optical Geometrics model. In addition to the classical slope parameter, it introduces another parameter called as « effective curvature » (msc). This model allows the inverson of the surface slope and curvature parameters under certain conditions which are developped in this manus-cript. The joint validity of the backscattering models in Ka-band and from water surfaces is che-cked from controlled wind-wave tank radar measurements . In a last part, the temporal properties of the backscattered signal is studied, in particular the correlation time and the Doppler shift induced by waves motion. Influence of the latters on the non focused SAR synthesis is studied in the context of the SWOT system
Hachani, Maha. "Amélioration de la modélisation de contact pour les procédés à faible zone de contact". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0078.
Texto completo da fonteFinite element simulation of forming processes is now widely recognized as an efficient tool for designing actual forming processes in industry. However, for metal forming processes where the contact area is quite small with respect to the component size, like wire drawing, extrusion and rolling, there is still an extensive need for increasing the accuracy and robustness of the results while decreasing the computational time. In the finite element code FORGE®, the contact model is inappropriate to properly simulate these processes. The specific goal of this work is to develop new techniques for improving contact model. In the first part, an implicit scheme of contact is developed on the basis of the first formulation. This work is divided on two steps. First, a general implicit scheme based on an updating of unilateral contact condition at each Newton-Raphson iteration is implemented. Secondly, a fully implicit formulation of the problem of contact and the smoothing of tool surfaces by using their analytical description specific for ring rolling process is developed. The second part, a smoothing contact procedure is implemented. The smoothing of contact surfaces, which are defined by linear triangles, is based on a higher order quadratic interpolation of the curved surface. This interpolation is derived from the node positions and their normal vectors, as proposed by Nagata. The normal vectors are calculated at each node from the existing discretized surface by considering a patch of surrounding elements using Normal Vector Voting method. The efficiency and reliability of different resulting contact model are assessed on several examples, such as the indentation of a parallelepiped and the drawing of a wire
Hachani, Maha. "Amélioration de la modélisation de contact pour les procédés à faible zone de contact". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00682124.
Texto completo da fonteFaucher, Michaël. "Développement d’une nouvelle cellule de caractérisation de l’hydrophobicité naturelle et induite sur une faible quantité de minerai industriel selon les principes de la flottation de surface". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66447.
Texto completo da fonteThe flotation process is a separation technique based on the wettability difference of minerals’ surface introduced in the flotation cell to concentrate different mineral species according to this criterion. In the optics of optimizing the process, studying the wettability property of a mineral surface becomes interesting. The standard technologies used to assess this parameter are sometimes inaccurate for complex minerals due to their irregular morphology, their surface defects and their surface’s chemical heterogeneity which can bias the results. To study the wettability of mineral samples, a new surface flotation apparatus has been developed keeping in mind the necessity of obtaining a sufficient amount of separated minerals in both the overflow and underflow allowing chemical and mineralogical analyses. Comparative tests have been conducted with the new surface flotation design and two standard laboratory flotation methods using a mineral matrix composed of graphite and quartz to compare their separation efficiency. The results proved that the new design of the surface flotation generates a separation similar to the one in a Denver Cell with a lower standard deviation and using a substantially lower amount of minerals. Following the proof of concept using a simple mineral matrix, an experimental plan has been carried out with the surface flotation device testing copper zinc sulphide ore samples and frother agents. The results confirmed the compatibility of the new methods with sulphur minerals, as well as the impacts of frothers on the wettability of particles at the liquid-gas interface. A binary logistic regression using mineralogical data demonstrates a significant impact from the frothers on the probability of a particle to sink or float at the interface. In brief, the new surface flotation apparatus simulates the collision step of the flotation process without hydrodynamic influence as in conventional cells and allows the assessment of the wettability for different types of mineral samples.
Aberra, Guebrou Samuel. "Influence des plasmons de surface propagatifs sur la cohérence de systèmes optiques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798779.
Texto completo da fonteMaurel, Pierre. "Déformation plastique sévère des surfaces d’alliages à faible densité par grenaillage ultrasonique : gradients de microstructures, comportements en fatigue et en tribologie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0182.
Texto completo da fonteThe impact of ultrasonic shot peening on titanium and aluminium alloys is studied at room temperature and at cryogenic temperature. This process may also be called surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Fatigue strength and tribological behaviour are investigated in order to better understand the pros and cons of this process. Two titanium alloys were chosen: pure titanium in its fully α form and β-metastable titanium in its fully β form. This choice makes it possible to correlate the influence of the initial microstructure on the treatment of severe plastic deformation and on the final properties. The β-metastable titanium is sensitive to strain-induced martensitic transformation, which allows exploring the possibility of introducing martensite to the shot-peened surface to delay, for example, short crack propagation in fatigue testing. Shot peening at cryogenic temperature in this case improves the initiation of the martensitic transformation. In addition to facilitating martensitic transformation, cryogenic temperature shot peening increases the yield strength of alloys during processing, which has the effect of reducing the flow of material at the shot-peened surface. Thereby, it improves surface integrity and changes tribological and fatigue properties. Two precipitation hardenable aluminum alloys were also studied: 2024 and 7075. The purpose of this aluminium study is to compare the impact of ultrasonic shot blasting when used before or after precipitation aging. As the dislocations produced during ultrasonic shot-peening serve as preferential nucleation sites, the objective is to explore the possibility of improving (e.g. in terms of hardness) the precipitation aging by refining the size of the precipitates and increasing their density. The use of two series of aluminium should make it possible to compare the effect of the treatment on the two different alloying compositions. In addition, these two alloys show significant differences in terms of defect sensitivity, permitting to study the impact of surface integrity after ultrasonic shot-peening on mechanical properties. The study of tribological and fatigue behaviour allows to conclude about the effectiveness of these treatments under common conditions of use
Koti, Joël. "Valorisation des coques de noix de palmiste dans la construction des routes à faible trafic". Thesis, Limoges, 2022. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f79d4974-f3cb-47d7-8a60-ec5e92d65af9/blobholder:0/2022LIMO0062.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe production of palm oil generates several wastes including palm kernel shells (PKS). Facing the depletion of natural resources that can be used in pavement construction, the recovery of agricultural waste such as palm kernel shells is an alternative solution for the future for oil palm producing countries. This thesis studies the use of palm kernel shells as coarse aggregate in the formulation of composites materials. The latter can be used as subbase course materials for low-traffic pavements. The first part of the manuscript deals with the production of mixtures of palm kernel shells and lateritic soil (lateritic soil abundant in the south of Benin) for use as a foundation layer. Parabolic law of Fuller-Thompson is utilized to determine the volume proportions of each composite. In the laboratory, geotechnical experiments on lateritic soil and on composites have shown that the addition of 61% PKS increases the CBR index from 76% to 95% of the Modified Proctor optimum. The addition of 15% lagoon sand in the formulation decreases the plasticity by 29%. Thus, the composites with a CBR index of 30 (39% lateritic soil + 61% PKS) and 41 (45% lateritic soil, 40% PKS and 15% lagoon sand) can be used in the foundation layer for low traffic roads. The second part focuses on the substitution of the traditional coarse aggregates by palm kernel shells in a semi-grained bituminous concrete 0/10. This type of asphalt is usable in surface wearing course. The different granular compositions are obtained by the compressible stacking model of De Larrard. The moisture resistance, studied through the Duriez test, shows that PKS can be a good alternative of coarse aggregates in lightly trafficked pavement mixes. The valorization of palm kernel shells in transportation technology is a major technical and economical solution to provide a better access to the rural areas in tropical countries. Especially, it can be useful for the transport of products from production areas to those of processing and consumption
Faké, Abdel Ilah. "Repulsion et attraction lors de la mise en ordre de films bidimensionnels de métaux alcalins, le césium et le lithium sur la surface NI(111)". Nancy 1, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1991_0275_FAKE.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAlzaher, Ibrahim. "Les ions émis de la surface : messagers du processus initial de la nano-structuration". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637223.
Texto completo da fonteFesiienko, Oleh. "Procédés de gravure à faible endommagement des surfaces : application à la gravure SiN sur AlGaN/GaN pour les transistors à haute mobilité électronique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALT094.
Texto completo da fonteGallium Nitride (GaN) semiconductors are promising materials for fabricating high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for the next generations of power devices due to their exceptional physical properties suitable for high voltage, temperature, and frequency applications. During the fabrication of HEMTs based on an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure, gate formation is identified as the most critical step, which could lead to the transistor's electrical degradation. This step aims to precisely remove the SiN cap layer protecting the heterostructure without damaging the underlying AlGaN barrier layer. The thesis's goal is to develop and optimize plasma etching processes for the SiN cap layer and post-etch wet processes to preserve the integrity of the AlGaN barrier layer.This study evaluated two approaches for SiN etching: 1) the traditional approach using fluorinated plasmas developed in an ICP reactor; 2) an alternative approach using a reactor equipped with capacitive plasma and post-discharge plasma (RPS), implementing the Smart Etch concept. The latter approach involves a two-step process for SiN etching: modification of the SiN layer by H2 ion implantation, followed by removal using either wet (BOE) or plasma (RPS) methods, with reactive neutral species (fluorinated) interacting with the substrate.Various material characterization techniques were combined (AR-XPS, AFM, TEM) to assess the etching process and post-etch treatments' impact on the AlGaN barrier layer's physicochemical properties, including stoichiometry, chemical composition, Fermi level position, roughness, and thickness changes. Identified surface physicochemical changes in AlGaN were then correlated with capacitance and voltage (C-V) measurements conducted on MOS-HEMT capacitors to evaluate the electrical parameters' impact, such as threshold voltage, hysteresis, and frequency dispersion.Studies revealed that regardless of the etching approach used, stopping the SiN etching in fluorinated plasma transforms the AlGaN layer's surface into a reactive AlGaNFx layer (with thickness between 0.8 and 2 nm). This thickness increases when plasmas with higher ion fluxes and energies are used. This transformation induces changes in the stoichiometry, chemical composition, Fermi level, and morphology of the AlGaN layer. Various post-etch wet treatments were evaluated to remove the modified layer. Studies show that using KOH-based wet treatments effectively removes the fluorinated layer while restoring the AlGaN layer's integrity regarding stoichiometry, roughness, and Fermi-level position. However, removing the modified layer results in a reduction in the AlGaN layer's thickness.In terms of electrical results, studies reveal that all etching processes involving high-energy ions (conventional or Smart Etch plasmas) cause irreversible damage to devices, leading to Fermi-level pinning. In contrast, using conventional low-energy ion processes (15 eV) does not significantly affect the devices' electrical characteristics. Applying the RPS process without H2 implantation alters the threshold voltage without affecting other electrical characteristics, offering a promising route for manufacturing "Normally OFF" HEMTs
Bedecarrats, Thomas. "Etude et intégration d’un circuit analogique, basse consommation et à faible surface d'empreinte, de neurone impulsionnel basé sur l’utilisation du BIMOS en technologie 28 nm FD-SOI". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT045.
Texto completo da fonteWhile Moore’s law reaches its limits, microelectronics actors are looking for new paradigms to ensure future developments of our information society. Inspired by biologic nervous systems, neuromorphic engineering is providing new perspectives which have already enabled breakthroughs in artificial intelligence. To achieve sufficient performances to allow their spread, neural processors have to integrate neuron circuits as small and as low power(ed) as possible so that artificial neural networks they implement reach a critical size. In this work, we show that it is possible to reduce the number of components necessary to design an analogue spiking neuron circuit thanks to the functionalisation of parasitic generation currents in a BIMOS transistor integrated in 28 nm FD-SOI technology and sized with the minimum dimensions allowed by this technology. After a systematic characterization of the FD-SOI BIMOS currents under several biases through quasi-static measurements at room temperature, a compact model of this component, adapted from the CEA-LETI UTSOI one, is proposed. The BIMOS-based leaky, integrate-and-fire spiking neuron (BB-LIF SN) circuit is described. Influence of the different design and bias parameters on its behaviour observed during measurements performed on a demonstrator fabricated in silicon is explained in detail. A simple analytic model of its operating boundaries is proposed. The coherence between measurement and compact simulation results and predictions coming from the simple analytic model attests to the relevance of the proposed analysis. In its most successful achievement, the BB-LIF SN circuit is 15 µm², consumes around 2 pJ/spike, triggers at a rate between 3 and 75 kHz for 600 pA to 25 nA synaptic currents under a 3 V power supply
De, Souza Marcelo. "Conception d'amplificateur faible bruit reconfigurable en technologie CMOS pour applications de type radio adaptative". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0295/document.
Texto completo da fonteMobile communication systems allow exploring information in complex environments by means of portable devices, whose main restriction is battery life. Once battery development does not follow market expectations, several efforts have been made in order to reduce energy consumption of those systems. Furthermore, radio-frequency systems are generally designed to operate as fixed circuits, specified for RF link worst-case scenario. However, this scenario may occur in a small amount of time, leading to energy waste in the remaining periods. The research of adaptive radio-frequency circuits and systems, which can configure themselves in response to input signal level in order to reduce power consumption, is of interest and importance. In a RF receiver chain, Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) stand as critical elements, both on the chain performance or power consumption. In the past some techniques for reconfigurable LNA design were proposed and applied. Nevertheless, the majority of them are applied to gain control, ignoring the possibility of linearity and noise figure adjustment, in order to save power. In addition, those circuits consume great area, resulting in high production costs, or they do not scale well with CMOS. The goal of this work is demonstrate the feasibility and advantages in using a digitally controlled LNA in a receiver chain in order to save area and power
Os sistemas de comunicação móveis permitem a exploração da informação em ambientes complexos através dos dispositivos portáteis que possuem como principal restrição a duração de suas baterias. Como o desenvolvimento da tecnologia de baterias não ocorre na velocidade esperada pelo mercado, muitos esforços se voltam à redução do consumo de energia dos circuitos eletrônicos destes sistemas. Além disso, os sistemas de radiofrequência são em geral projetados para funcionarem de forma fixa, especificados para o cenário de pior caso do link de comunicação. No entanto, este cenário pode ocorrer em uma pequena porção de tempo, resultando assim no restante do tempo em desperdício de energia. A investigação de sistemas e circuitos de radiofrequência adaptativos, que se ajustem ao nível de sinal de entrada a fim de reduzir o consumo de energia é assim de grande interesse e importância. Dentro de cadeia de recepção de radiofrequência, os Amplificadores de Baixo Ruído (LNA) se destacam como elementos críticos, tanto para o desempenho da cadeia como para o consumo de potência. No passado algumas técnicas para o projeto de LNA reconfiguráveis foram propostas e aplicadas. Contudo, a maioria delas só se aplica ao controle do ganho, deixando de explorar o ajuste da linearidade e da figura de ruído com fins de economia de energia. Além disso, estes circuitos ocupam grande área de silício, resultando em alto custo, ou então não se adaptam as novas tecnologias CMOS de baixo custo. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a viabilidade e as vantagens do uso de um LNA digitalmente configurável em uma cadeia de recepção de radiofrequência do ponto de vista de custo e consumo de potência
Bernard, Benjamin. "Barrières thermiques par projection plasma de suspensions : développement et caractérisation de microstructures à faible conductivité thermique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0212/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe increase of operating temperature of gas turbine engines is an issue of interest for the aeronautic industry. A solution is the enhancement of thermal insulation properties of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The present work is related to suspension plasma spraying process (SPS) that allows to consider significant improvements for the next generation of TBC systems, compared to the currently used process, namely electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Indeed, SPS process can produce columnar microstructures able to provide high thermo-mechanical compliance. A microstructural study led to identify parameters which impacted the coating morphology (column size, distribution, and compaction). Two optimized yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) microstructures were carefully characterized to highlight SPS process advantages. Low thermal conductivities (< 1 W.m-1.K-1) were obtained within a large temperature range (25 °C – 1100 °C), compared to EB-PVD YSZ coatings (1,3 – 1,5 W.m-1.K-1). Thermal lifetime was estimated thanks to thermal cyclic fatigue tests. A similar level of thermal lifetime was reached with SPS coatings compared to EB-PVD one. Some SPS columnar coatings even showed more than 2000 cycles to failure. The ability of SPS to perform multifunctional systems, including a YSZ columnar structure with a homogeneous Gd2Zr2O7 coating on the top, was investigated. This architecture must provide a chemical protection to CMAS (CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2) aggressions. These contaminants would impede the increase of temperature in next generation of gas turbine engines. The anti-CMAS behavior was assessed for SPS Gd2Zr2O7 coatings until 1300 °C
Pattavina, Luca. "Radon-induced surface contaminations in neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter experiments". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640789.
Texto completo da fonteBarkouti, Amal. "Agglomération humide de poudres à réactivité de surface : approche mécanistique de la morphogénèse de structures alimentaires agglomérées". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20122/document.
Texto completo da fonteWet agglomeration is a crucial step in the shaping technology of powders because of its strong impact on the final quality of the elaborated products. Despite its interest in the elaboration of many products (food, pharmaceutical, engineering,...) as well as different technological process (horizontal mixers, vertical, low or high shear rate, fluidized bed, ...), it remains insufficiently mastered due to the difficulty in establishing operating diagrams taking into account, in the same time, products and process contributions. This thesis focuses on the study of the agglomeration mechanisms related to the characteristics of the formulation and process parameters. The identification and representation of the way particles come together during the wetting / mixing operation is one of the central challenges of this work. From experiments with two different food powders (durum wheat semolina and milk powder), agglomeration is induced either by wet contacts in mixer at low shear rate or by collisions between sticky particles in a fluidized bed. Mechanisms of semolina wet agglomeration developed in a low shear mixer are described as a process of morphogenesis that correlates the agglomerates size to their texture via a fractal dimension. The influence of the liquid binder physicochemical properties on the agglomeration mechanisms is studied according to the values taken by the fractal parameters of the model. The detailed study of the distribution of size and textural properties of agglomerated structures make it possible to identify the rule that lead to their layout: the association is mainly possible between structures belonging to the same class concerning their hydro-textural and dimensional characteristics. Agglomeration regimes depending on the mode of water supply (low flow, high flow) are studied based on the notion of dimensionless spray flux. Concerning milk powder agglomeration in a fluidized bed, agglomeration mechanisms are studied by following the evolution of the size and water content of the samples taken during the operation of wetting / drying and thereafter studying the impact of some operational conditions and formulation on the properties of the final agglomerates and agglomeration regimes. A link between the processes (low shear mixer and fluidized bed) is discussed and opens onto a redefinition of granular flow regimes and the surface reactivity of particles
Barkouti, Amal. "Agglomération humide de poudres à réactivité de surface - Approche mécanistique de la morphogenèse de structures alimentaires agglomérées". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796735.
Texto completo da fonteBertrand, Frédéric. "Plans sphériques de force t et applications en statistique". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188330.
Texto completo da fonteDiao, Pape Sanoussy. "Système de détection embarqué ULB millimétrique pour la perception de l'environnement". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2005/document.
Texto completo da fonteWith the current context of security challenges, small objects detection is becoming a major issue in the fight against malicious acts. However, developments in millimeter-band technologies and the potential of these bands, particularly around 60 GHz, can facilitate the design of increasingly efficient systems to meet these challenges. This thesis is part of this context to propose an ultra-wideband (UWB) millimeter-wave detection system for short-range applications.After a detailed state-of-the-art of the fundamentals of detection, we present a validation of the radar cross-section (RCS) estimation by simulations with HFSS software and by measurements in anechoic chamber. These two studies allowed us to identify the essential elements for system analysis and the critical parameters for the detection of canonical objects such as cylinders and plates.Once the system analysis was identified, we proposed a multi-band detection approach based on monostatic radar to improve the detection coverage of the systems, but also and especially to overcome the limitation of objects detection according to their orientation in relation to the antenna boresight. We also proposed a simple architecture (transceiver) that could be associated with the detection principle. The system design allowed us to identify low noise amplifiers (LNAs) as critical elements of the receiver and thus establish their specifications to achieve the targeted performances.A comparison of IHP's SG13S and OMMIC's D007IH technologies is conducted in the last part of this work. The choice of technology is justified and the design of LNAs under ADS Keysight is detailed. A simulation of the entire system based on the performance of the designed LNAs and RCS simulations is presented to illustrate the implementation of detection. Finally, detection performances are evaluated for cylindrical targets and the contributions of the proposed system are illustrated in comparison with conventional single-band detection
Abroug, Foued. "Effet des défauts d’usinage sur la tenue en fatigue de pièces aéronautiques". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0016/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe size of a component has been proved in several studies of the literature to affect the fatigue strength and this trend is known to be more pronounced in the High Cycle Fatigue regime. More exactly a drop of the fatigue limit is observed and this evolution is very often explained by the probability to find a critical defect or a weakest zone in the material as the stressed volume rises. The present manuscript is part of a French research project gathering several industrial and academic partners that aims to control the machining quality of aircraft structural components. For one part of the project the challenge is to define a proper defect acceptability criterion for HCF design purpose. It must be able to account for a large range of surface defects and of component sizes and geometries. Even though the primary objective was to better understand the impact of periodic surface micro-geometry patterns (characteristic of the type of machining used) on the fatigue limit, we thought that it was first necessary to check if a size effect can be observed when an increasing number of artificial simplified surface defects are introduced at the surface of smooth specimens. The aeronautical material under investigation is a 7050 Aluminum alloy (Al Zn6CuMgZr). A large fatigue testing campaign under fully reversed plane bending loading is undertaken on specimens with artificial surface hemispherical defects. Defect number varies from 1 to 44 per specimen whereas their size ranges from 60 µm to 800 µm. Testing results allow the characterization of both Kitagawa effect and scale effect on the fatigue response. A probabilistic approach based on the weakest link concept together with a proper fatigue crack initiation criterion is used to account for the stress distribution and the size of the highly stressed volume. Predictions using FE simulations show a good agreement with experimental results and illustrate the importance of taking the scale effect into account while designing components containing different types of surface defects or roughness patterns.Keywords : Surface defect, HCF, Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram, Weakest link concept, AA7050 alloy
Martel, Richard. "Mise au point d'un spectromètre HREELS basé sur le principe de compensation aux aberrations et son application à l'étude de la chimie de surface induite par l'impact d'électrons lents". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26316.
Texto completo da fonteLintz, Michel. "MESURE DE LA VIOLATION DE LA PARITE SUR LA TRANSITION 6S-7S DU CESIUM PAREMISSION STIMULEE DANS UNE VAPEUR ATOMIQUE". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011127.
Texto completo da fonteMeriggio, Elisa. "Adsorption of chiral molecules in oxide-supported heterogeneous catalysts : a model approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS550.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteEnantioselective heterogeneous catalysis is a method of choice for the synthesis of enantiopure chiral products. One current approach involves the modification of a metal surface by a chiral modifier. Despite its great potential, only a small number of successful systems have been developed so far. Most of fundamental works have been devoted to model systems based on single crystal metal surfaces while the role of the oxide support in supported metal catalysts have usually been overlooked. To date, fundamental questions remain on the role of the oxide support on the chiral induction. A rational design of the catalyst requires therefore a molecular scale description of the interactions between the oxide support, the metal nanoparticles and the chiral modifier. In this context, this study aims at understanding the interactions between these three partners through a surface science approach. To mimic the catalytic system, rutile TiO2(110) single crystals, Tartaric Acid molecules (TA) and Ni nanoparticles have been selected. The chemical nature of TA is explored on TiO2(110) by X-ray and Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) and High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) and Low-Energy Electron Diffraction are employed to study the TA layer structure and anchoring points. The molecular decomposition behaviour is studied by Thermal Programmed Desorption (TPD). In parallel, XPS, STM and Surface Differential Reflectivity Spectroscopy are used to probe the growth of Ni NPs on TiO2 at increasing Ni coverage. Finally, perspectives on the TA/Ni/TiO2 system are put forward mainly by XPS and TPD
Berend, Isabelle. "Les mécanismes d'hydratation de montmorillonites homoioniques pour des pressions relatives inferieures à 0. 95". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL072N.
Texto completo da fonteSaleh, Hassan. "Analogie microonde appliquée à l'étude de la diffraction par des arbres, par des particules atmosphériques et des micro-organismes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0299.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis widens the application of the microwave analogy by adopting the appropriate techniques to create objects of controlled shapes and electromagnetic properties using novel manufacturing technologies, as well as by developing a versatile setup providing accurate measurements. Microwave analogy is a useful approach to investigate a scattering problem when the targets have nanometric or metric sizes. The experiment is scaled to the microwave range and the target is mimicked by a centimeter-sized analog, while maintaining the same initial wavelength over target’s dimension ratio and conserving the same geometric and electromagnetic properties. A special attention is given to low scattering targets with RCS levels down to -60 dBm2. The random noise of the measurement setup was characterized and a novel optimization technique was proposed which consists of an angular decomposition of the bistatic region with different power profiles. The undesired reflections within the anechoic chamber were identified and a Hardgating system was installed, allowing to filter out the stray signals. In addition, additive manufacturing technologies were involved in the fabrication of analogs and a novel technique was proposed to obtain targets with “on-demand” shapes and local values of their complex permittivity. We can manufacture low scattering analogs of the real part of permittivity for any value between 1 and 3 by creating well controlled porous structures. The three main targets are studied: low permittivity spheroids, analogs of microalgae, soot aggregates analogs with complex shape, and scaled forest scene composed of tree analogs with some metal vehicle analogs
Beyer, Matthieu. "Elaborations et caractérisations d'auto-assemblages dipolaires par microscopie à effet tunnel". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2056/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is dedicated to the investigation under ultra high vacuum of _-conjugated molecule on a silicon surface by means of scanningtunneling microscopy (STM). The manuscript consists of five chapters.In the first chapter, we present a state-of-the-art of organic assembly on metal and semiconductor.Chapter two describes the experimental setup using during thesis. It also shows Si(111)-B substrate and gives theoretical conceptsassociated with the scanning tunneling microscopy.The third chapter describes in detail the supramolecular network obtained from an aromatic halogenated molecule with C2 symmetry. Theadsorption of 4,4"-dibromo-p-terphenyl leads to the formation of two kinds of compacts structures (a stripe structure and a herringbonestructure). The formed networks are stable at room temperature and commensurable with the surface. These architectures are promotedby hydrogen bond, halogen bond and _-stacking.Chapter four studies influence of benzene ring number on the geometry and the periodicity of self-assemblies on Si(111)-B. To do that,we have synthesis two organics molecules composed of an aromatic central part and two laterals chains (O-(CH2)9-CH3). The centralpart is composed of respectively three or five phenyl ring ended by cyano groups. We are also interested to the terminal groups effecton the network organisation. We show that the cyano groups effect on the "molecule/molecule" interaction and the "molecule/surface"interaction are negligible. Basis of the work conducted on the chapter four, we conclude our manuscript by presenting supramolecularsnetworks of dipolar molecule. These networks form dipole lines. We show that on small scale the molecules promote an alignment of theirdipolar moments
Lucien, Isabelle. "Mélange faible topologique des échanges d'intervalles et des flots sur les surfaces". Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22064.
Texto completo da fonteDelfosse, Nicolas. "Constructions et performances de codes LDPC quantiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14697/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is devoted to the study of quantum LDPC codes. The first part presents some topological constructions of quantum LDPC codes. We introduce a family of color codes based on tilings of the hyperbolic plane. We study the parameters of a family of codes based on Cayley graphs.In a second part, we analyze the performance of these codes. We obtain an upper bound on the performance of regular quantum LDPC codes over the quantum erasure channel. This implies that these codes don't achieve the capacity of the quantum erasure channel. In the case of the depolarizing channel, we propose a new decoding algorithm of color codes based on three surface codes decoding. Our numerical results show good performance for toric color codes.Finally, we focus on percolation theory. The central question in percolation theory is the determination of the critical probability. Computing the critical probability exactly is usually quite difficult. We relate the probability of percolation in some regular tilings of the hyperbolic plane to the probability of a decoding error for hyperbolic codes on the quantum erasure channel. This leads to an upper bound on the critical probability of these hyperbolic tilings based on quantum information. It is an application of quantum information to a purely combinatorial problem
Drukpa, Dowchu. "Imaging the Main Frontal Thrust in Southern Bhutan using high-resolution near-surface geophysical techniques : implications for tectonic geomorphology and seismic hazard assessment". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT101/document.
Texto completo da fonteRecent studies based on surface observations from Sarpang area in southern-central Bhutan have estimated the Holocene slip rate of 20.8+/-8.8 mm/year. This value is based on a mean vertical uplift rate of 8.8+/-2.1 mm/year and assuming a constant frontal thrust dip angle of 25°+/-5° extrapolated from structural measurements. Since geometry of the fault is a key parameter for discerning the slip rate and its associated seismic hazard assessment, we employed near-surface geophysical approach to accurately constrain the Topographic Frontal Thrust (TFT) geometry at shallow depth. Based on proven effectiveness of near-surface geophysical techniques for studying active faults, we adopted gravity, seismic and electrical resistivity tomography.We deployed geophysical profiles at three key sites along the southern frontal areas of the Bhutan Himalayas. The first study area is in Sarpang, a small town located in southern-central Bhutan where we performed all three geophysical methods adopted. The second site is located in Phuentsholing in the south-western Bhutan, where we performed gravity and electrical resistivity survey. The third site is located between Sarpang and Phuentsholing, in the sub-district of Lhamoizingkha under Dagana district.A stochastic inversion approach was adopted to perform analysis of geophysical data collected from the above sites expect for Lhamoizingkha area. Unlike commonly used approaches based on search for the simplest model, the main advantages of this approach include its ability (1) to assess the fault geometry because no smoothing is applied, (2) to provide a measurement of the uncertainties on the obtained dip angle and (3) to allow trade-off analysis between geometric and either electrical resistivity, velocity or density properties.The stochastic inversion results from Sarpang site show a TFT that is characterized by a flat and listric-ramp geometry with a north dipping dip angle of ca 20°-30° at the upper depth of 0-5 m, steeply dipping angle of 70° in the middle 5-40 m depth and flattening with a dip angle of 20° at deeper depths. These new results allow us to estimate a minimum overthrusting slip rate of 10+/-2 mm/year on the TFT, which is about 60% of the far-field GPS convergence rate of ca 17 mm/year. Based on these constraints we propose that, in Sarpang site, significant deformation partitioning on different faults including the TFT, the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and the Frontal Back Thrust (FBT) cannot be ruled out. More importantly, assuming a constant slip rate, the dip angle variations constrained from the present study, corresponds to variations in the uplift rate with distance from the TFT. This, therefore, emphasizes the drawbacks in assuming constant dip angle measured from surface observations and uplift rate estimates based on terrace dating only at the front, which may significantly bias the slip rate estimation.Unlike in Sarpang, the TFT corresponds to the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) in Phuentsholing. At this site a preliminary study suggests a MFT characterized by a flat and listric-ramp geometry. With additional terrace dating information, slip rate for the Phuentsholing area will be performed in a near future. Overall based on the stochastic inversion results, we propose a MFT geometry similar to that observed in Sarpang but with possible lateral variations in terms of deformation partitioning. In Lhamoizingkha area, the exact location of the MFT is not known. Our preliminary results suggest a complex fault trace and indicate that the MFT is located further north of the current resistivity line deployed in this area. Similar to Phuentsholing site (but contrary to Sarpang), we observed that the MFT is the most frontal structure and therefore most of the convergence in the area could be accommodated by the MFT, which is also in agreement with GPS observations
KHELLAFI, MOHAMED. "Modifications de surfaces de silice par bombardement d'ions de gaz rares de faible energie". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13146.
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