Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Fœtal"
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Houzé, de l'Aulnoit Agathe. "Acquisition du rythme cardiaque fœtal et analyse de données pour la recherche de facteurs prédictifs de l’acidose fœtale". Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S007.
Texto completo da fonteVisual analysis of the fetal heart rate FHR is a good method for screening for fetal hypoxia but is not sufficiently specific. The visual morphological analysis of the FHR during labor is subject to inter- and intra-observer variability – particularly when the FHR is abnormal. Underestimating the severity of an FHR leads to undue risk-taking for the fetus with an increase in morbidity and mortality and overvaluation leads to unnecessary obstetric intervention with an increased rate of caesarean section. This last point also induces a French public health problem.FHR automated analysis reduces inter and intra-individual variability and accesses other calculated parameters aimed at increasing the diagnostic value. The FHR morphological analysis parameters (baseline, number of accelerations, number and typing of decelerations, long-term variability (LTV)) were described as well as others such as the decelerations surfaces, short-term variability (STV) and frequency analyzes. Nevertheless, when attempting to analyze the FHR automatically, the main problem is computation of the baseline against which all the other parameters are determined.Automatic analysis provides information on parameters that cannot be derived in a visual analysis and that are likely to improve screening for fetal acidosis during labor.The main objective of the thesis is to establish a predictive model of fetal acidosis from a FHR automated analysis. The secondary objective is to determine the relevance of the classical basic parameters (CNGOF 2007) (baseline, variability, accelerations, decelerations) and that of other parameters inaccessible to the eye (indices of short-term variability, surfaces of decelerations, frequency analysis ...). Later, we want to identify decision criteria that will help in the obstetric care management.We propose to validate FHR automated analysis during labor through a case-control study; cases were FHR recordings of neonatal acidosis (arterial cord pH less than or equal to 7.15) and controls, FHR recordings of neonatal without acidosis (arterial cord pH upper than or equal to 7.25). This is a monocentric study at the maternity hospital of Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, GHICL - Lille, on our « Well Born » database (digital archiving of RCF plots since 2011), with a sufficient number of cases on this only center. Since 2011, the Saint Vincent de Paul hospital (GHICL) has had about 70 cases per year of neonatal acidosis (pHa less than or equal to 7.10) (3.41%). The R software will be used for statistical analysis
Houfflin-Debarge, Véronique. "Conséquences hémodynamiques et endocriniennes d'un stress nociceptif fœtal". Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2A001.
Texto completo da fonteThe development of fetal invasive procedures and a better knowledge about pain in preterm and full-term newborn infants explai the increasing interest in the subject of fetal pain. The aim of our work is to study the immediat hemodynamic and hormonal response to nociceptive stimulus hormones in chronically instrumented fetal lambs. The long term consequences of fetal pain are also evaluated. We found that norepinephrine induces a potent pulmonary vasodilatation. Glucocorticoids hav no effext on basal pulmonary vascular tone but potentiate norepinephrine induced pulmonary vasodilatation ; they enhance pulmonary vasodilatation induced ventilation and so improve circulatory adaptation at birth. Then, we developed different experimental models to investigate the consequences of fetal pain. A nociceptive flexion reflex was demonstrated in utero after electrical sural stimulation. Sufentanil decreased the response. Then, we studied the effects of an inflamatory nociceptive stimulation induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin. Formalin increased plasmatic cortisol, fetal heart rate and systemic blood pressure. Furthermore, a pulmonary vasoconstriction was observed, probably induced by sympathetic stimulation ; Indeed, formalin had no action on the pulmonary circulation after α1-adrénoceptor blockage. Fetal analgesia reduced the immediat hemodynamic response. Finally, we studied the long term effects of repeated nociceptive stimulation during fetal life. We tested the HPA axis and vascular reactivity in lambs aged of 2 months. We did not demonstrate any difference between lambs stressed in utero and controls
Cathelinais, Dorothée Boog Georges. "Prédiction de la macrosomie fœtale et de la dystocie des épaules par la mesure échographique du périmètre abdominal fœtal". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=59296.
Texto completo da fonteGodet, Charlotte Boog Georges. "L'analyse informatisée du rythme cardiaque fœtal comme test d'admission". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=20806.
Texto completo da fonteBouchard, Véronique. "Connaissances et compétences des intervenants sociaux et des familles d'accueil des Centres Jeunesse du Saguenay--Lac-Saint-Jean sur le syndrome d'alcoolisation foetale /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Hull : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec en Outaouais, 2006. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Texto completo da fonteLa p. de t. porte en outre: Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en travail social offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec en Outaouais. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. [177]-184. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Bourdin, Valérie. "Atlas d'écho-anatomie de l'encéphale fœtal normal par échographie trans-vaginale". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23066.
Texto completo da fonteDubernard, Gil. "Influence du microchimérisme fœtal sur les adénocarcinomes mammaires associés à la gestation". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066300.
Texto completo da fonteGarabedian, Charles. "Développement d’un nouvel indice reflet du bien être fœtal : le Fetal Stress Index". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S022/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe monitoring of fetal well being during labor is essentially based on fetal heart rate (FHR) analysis. The recording of FHR, even continuously during labor, does not fully assess fetal oxygenation or neonatal risk of asphyxia. Indeed, this tool is imperfect and subjective with an important inter and intra-operator variability. Second-line examinations to characterize the fetal state are currently used in routine practice, i.e. scalp fetal blood sampling to study the fetal acid-base balance (pH or lactates) or scalp electrode placement to study the fetal ECG (ST segment analysis). These techniques are nevertheless invasive and subject to technical constraints. There is therefore an interest in developing both objective and non-invasive means of evaluating fetal wellbeing to reduce neonatal encephalopathy. Indeed, its prevalence is about 3 to 8 per 1000 births. Post natal mortality is about 25 to 50% and survivors will hav severe diseases (epilepsy, neurologic impairment, cerebral palsy…).One of the possibilities studied to better identify fetuses at risk for acidosis is the analysis of changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in response to hypoxia.Indeed, the regulation of heart rate is dependent on the ANS and thus, its variability is a reflection of the sympathetic / parasympathetic balance. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a recognized non-invasive tool that is used to assess ANS regulation. The CHU Lille has developed a new continuous tool for the analysis of HRV, which demonstrated its efficacity in adults and neonates to evaluate the ANS. The objective of this thesis was to develop its index, called Fetal Stress Index (FSI), in the fetus and to evaluate it in conditions of acidosis.The study was experimental in a sheep model chronically instrumented and was in 2 steps. First, we evaluate the performance of our method compared to commonly used HRV analysis, regarding the ability to detect the variation of variations of the ANS. After injection of atropine, to inhibit parasympathetic tone, or propranolol to block sympathetic activity, we shown that our method appeared to be effective in detecting parasympathetic inhibition and, moreover, was superior to classical analysis of HRV in terms of sensibility and specificity.In a second time, we evaluated this new index as a predictive factor of the fetal acid-base state in 2 experimental models of fetal hypoxia by occlusion of the cord. In the first one, acidosis was obtained through a partial occlusion of the umbilical cord and in the second one, though repetitive complete occlusion as uterine contractions during labor. In those two studies, we observed a raise of our index in case of acidosis with a correlation beetween FSI and pH and also FSI and lactates in the second model.In conclusion, the FSI reflects fetal parasympathetic activity, has a better detection than others usual methods, and seems well correlated to fetal acid-base status. It is a promising index and it will be interesting to incorporate it in a multi parametric analysis of fetal heart rate to predict acidosis
Lenoir, Marc. "Une fille non un garçon : révélation du sexe fœtal à l'échographie : incidences psychologiques". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25411.
Texto completo da fonteMirlesse, Véronique. "Diagnostic prénatal et médecine fœtale : Du cadre des pratiques à l’anticipation du handicap. Comparaison France-Brésil". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T043/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn search of modes of anticipating disability, this thesis examines and compares prenatal diagnosis (PND) practices in France and Brazil. In Europe and North America, PND has developed directly in line with legislation on abortion and is rooted in the monitoring of pregnancy, as one of the ways of preventing disability at birth. Its expansion into countries where access to abortion is restricted, is led by the globalization of knowledge and techniques, and has to be adapted to suit local regulations. Regulatory frameworks govern professional work (networking, multidisciplinarity) and the recording of PND practices (omnipresent in France, non-Existent in Brazil). As can be seen from our analysis of semi-Directive questionnaires given to two groups of women at two different periods of time, in France such mechanisms modulate the experiences of women who have undergone an abortion due to a foetal pathology. In 1999 women wanted greater autonomy when deciding whether or not to terminate a pregnancy. In 2005 they were more readily in favour of sharing decision-Making with doctors, but felt that the decision was theirs to make when it was a question of late-Term pregnancies, of situations with a risk of mental retardation, of major prognostic uncertainty, and of situations subject to specific tests during the prenatal period (such as Down’s Syndrome). These regulatory mechanisms also affect how technical tools are used and the information given to couples. In Brazil, in a context of restricted access to abortion and of very significant social inequality, an ultrasound in a situation of foetal normality glorifies the “anticipated social birth” of the child and its family. When a foetal anomaly is diagnosed, a radical rupture occurs. In public hospitals – used by the majority of women – obligatory continuation of pregnancy regulates doctors’ attitudes: the ethnographic study carried out in Rio de Janeiro shows that obstetricians have opted for the education of women (in the hope of gradual access to autonomy, hopefully the road towards a fairer society). Paediatricians produce a semantic shift, encouraging a positive use of medical uncertainty, which modifies the decision-Making framework and maintains a dynamic approach to welcoming the child-To-Be. In the private sector in Brazil, terminations of pregnancy which are possible outside of any legal framework are kept behind a wall of secrecy, revealing next to nothing about the prior decision-Making process. During prenatal consultations, the anticipation of a disability systematically brings out fears of mental retardation and of the suffering which will be caused to the child, the couple or siblings, but the discourse varies, depending on the context: a comparative analysis of our observations shows that, in France, doctors use evidence-Based medicine to inform couples and to reduce risks and uncertainties with a view to making a necessary choice, whilst at the same time respecting the couple’s decision-Making autonomy. In public hospitals in Brazil, there is a different hierarchy of priorities: the primary focus is that of becoming a mother and having a life-Born child. Risk is presented as being part of life and the dynamic aspects of medical uncertainty safeguard the future of the “sick” child within its family. These differentiated approaches to risk and disability lead us to consider recent evolutions in the field of disability which has so far had little impact on PND. Led in particular by “disability studies” – studies carried out by people who are themselves affected by disability – these evolutions consider disability to be a dynamic process resulting from an interaction between a given state of health and a given social situation. In its conclusion, the thesis suggests that the knowledge, experiences and practices of the prenatal world and that of disability be brought together through inter and transdisciplinary dialogue
Essa tese analisa as práticas de diagnóstico pré-natal (DPN) na França e no Brasil, entre a mundialização de saberes, técnicas e regulações locais, focando as modalidades de antecipação da deficiência. O DPN desenvolveu-se nos países da Europa e América do Norte de forma diretamente relacionada com as leis sobre o aborto. Enraizou-se no monitoramento da gravidez como um dos modos de prevenção das deficiências. Sua expansão em países onde o acesso ao aborto é restrito leva a adaptações de acordo com as regulamentações locais. Disposições regulamentares enquadram o trabalho profissional (em rede, pluridisciplinar) e o registro das práticas (onipresente na França e ausente no Brasil). Elas modulam, na França, a experiência de mulheres que se submeteram ao aborto devido a uma patologia fetal, conforme evidenciado pela análise de questionários semi-estruturados aplicados em dois grupos de mulheres em duas épocas diferentes. Em 1999, as mulheres exigiam mais autonomia na tomada de decisões de interrupção. Em 2005, elas procuravam mais frequentemente uma decisão compartilhada com os médicos, porém consideravam que a decisão cabia a elas, especificamente em gestações mais adiantadas, em situações com risco de retardo mental, com elevada incerteza prognóstica, e no contexto de situações específicas rasteadas ao longo do percurso pré-natal (tal como a síndrome de Down).Estes mecanismos reguladores também condicionam o modo de utilização das técnicas e as informações fornecidas para os casais. No Brasil, em um contexto de acesso restrito ao aborto e de fortes desigualdades sociais, a ultrassonografia em situações de normalidade fetal glorifica o "nascimento social antecipado" da criança e a « ampliação » da família. Em caso de anomalia fetal, uma ruptura radical se produz.No hospital público, para onde vai a maioria das mulheres, a impossibilidade de interromper a gestação define a atitude dos profissionais: o estudo etnográfico realizado no Rio de Janeiro mostra que os obstetras optam então pela educação das mulheres (na esperança de um ganho progressivo de autonomia, em direção a uma sociedade mais justa). Os pediatras realizam, por sua vez, uma mudança semântica, proporcionando um uso positivo da incerteza médica que muda o contexto do debate, preservando uma abordagem dinâmica sobre a chegada da criança. No setor privado no Brasil, a interrupção da gravidez, possível fora dos quadros jurídicos, é mantida sob o selo do segredo e dá pequeno vislumbre da dinâmica anterior da decisão.A antecipação da deficiência durante o pré-natal dissemina o medo do retardo mental, do sofrimento para a criança, para o casal ou irmãos, mas o discurso varia de acordo com o contexto: a análise comparativa de observações destaca que na França, os médicos utilizam a medicina baseada em evidências para informar o casal e reduzir o risco e a incerteza, tendo em vista uma escolha necessária e o respeito à autonomia das decisões dos casais. No Brasil, no hospital público, a hierarquia de prioridades é diferente: tornar-se mãe, ter um filho vivo vêm em primeiro plano. O risco é apresentado como parte da vida e a dinâmica da incerteza salvaguarda o futuro do filho doente no seio de sua família. Estas abordagens diferenciadas de risco e deficiência nos remetem ainda mais aos recentes achados nas áreas da deficiência, que pouco penetraram no universo do DPN. Impulsionados principalmente pela área dos « disability studies », pesquisas conduzidas pelas próprias pessoas afetadas pela deficiência, esses estudos consideram a deficiência como um processo dinâmico, resultante de uma interação entre um estado de saúde e uma situação social determinada. A tese apresenta como conclusao a necessidade da aproximaçao entre o universo do pré-natal e o da deficiência, por meio de um diálogo inter e transdisciplinar, compartilhando conhecimentos, experiências e práticas
Truong, Ba Luu. "Organisation tri-dimensionnelle des cellules myocardiques au cours du développement ventriculaire fœtal et postnatal". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS011/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe 3D architecture of the ventricular mass is poorly known, although in vivo imaging techniques show the physiological inhomogeneity of transmural myocardial mechanics. Polarized light imaging makes it possible to quantitatively analyse the myocardial cell orientation to study the regional isotropy of myosin filaments (a new parameter) and to provide virtual dissection (a new tool) of the myocardial ventricular mesh. This deep inside is complementary of superficial anatomical description.Sixteen normal hearts of human term stillbirths, newborns and infants were studied. During the first months of postnatal age, the median regional isotropy values decreased in the ventricular three-dimensional mesh. There was a progressive appearance of a particularly inhomogeneous secondary arrangement of myocardial cells with alternation of thick low-RI and thin high-RI areas. The topology of Torrent-Guasp' cleavage plans and intercalated high RI areas were identical. The outlet septum was constantly identified.Eleven malformed hearts were studied. The deep components of the ventriculo-infundibular fold, the outlet septum and the latitudinal fibres of the ventricular walls were described and 3 different patterns could be portrayed : 1) a normal aligned pattern ; 2) a parallel pattern of the ventriculo-infundibular fold and the outlet septum in Tetralogy of Fallot ; 3) a V pattern of the ventriculo-infundibular fold in heart with mitro-arterial muscular discontinuity.To conclude, we uncover new elements to understand the onset of the myocardial architecture in normal and pathological hearts. However, this new data need to be statistically consolidated by studying a greater numbers of cases. As a perspective, these observations will be confronted to physiological data provided by functional imaging technique
Racine-Thibaud, Anne-Cécile Boog Georges. "Paramètres de l'analyse informatisée du rythme cardiaque fœtal entre 25 et 34 semaines d'aménorrhée". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPEracine.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSammut, Sébastien. "Compensation rénale après réduction du parenchyme néphronique in utero dans un modèle fœtal ovin". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066174.
Texto completo da fonteIn humans, in response to unilateral (1/2Nx) or subtotal (5/6Nx) nephrectomy, the contralateral kidney ensures filtration for the missing kidney; tubular and glomerular hypertrophy develop, the kidney weight and renal size increase. As glomerular number is determined at birth, no additional nephrons may be formed and the overload filtration results in structural lesions. Few studies in fetuses suggest that the renal response to renal mass reduction can begin in utero. Experimental data are rare and restricted for the 1/2Nx model only, performed at the end of nephrogenesis or ex utero. In our work, we studied the morphological, functional and molecular effects for both groups (1/2Nx and 5/6Nx) in the ovine fetus. In both models, the renal mass and glomerular number increased, but the response was strikingly different. In the 5/6Nx group, two lobes were formed at the incision sites of the kidney displaying a “butterfly-like” remodelling and glomerular number markedly increased. To improve renal regeneration in the 5/6Nx model, we studied the possibility of transplanting stem cells; in vitro, our first experiments have allowed to isolate and characterize ovine stem cells from amniotic fluid. In conclusion, our study highlighted unsuspected renal compensation capacity in the fetus during the period-specific nephrogenesis; additional work will enable us to determine if renal compensation can be further improved by an exogenous contribution of stem cells
Ego, Anne. "Définitions du retard de croissance intra-utérin : intérêt des courbes ajustées individuelles de poids fœtal". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066303.
Texto completo da fonteBaillet, Adrienne. "Isolement et caractérisation de transcrits ovariens exprimés au cours du développement fœtal chez la brebis". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0021.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of our study was to identify in sheep, genes involved in the two mains steps of ovarian development during fetal period: germ cells meiosis and follicles formation. By using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization, we obtained two cDNA libraries specific at the two stages studying. By analyzing these two libraries, we isolated and study around ten ESTs, which were never described in ovary. Among these ESTs, Topaz1 (Testis Ovary-specific PAZ domain gene 1) was only expressed in male and female gonads with an increase expression during the period of germ cell meiosis in mouse and sheep. This study allows us to isolate and characterize new genes involved in ovary differentiation in sheep and to obtain a set of transcripts dedicated to the ovine ovary differentiation. This latter will be a useful tool to analyze and compare the transcriptome of ovaries in various physiological conditions
Rabillé, Anne Le Vaillant Claudine. "Grossesse et diabète de type 1 valeur pronostique de l'épaisseur du septum inter-ventriculaire fœtal /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=21076.
Texto completo da fonteN'tumba-Byn, Thierry. "Mécanismes d’action des perturbateurs endocriniens bisphénol A et phtalates sur le développement du testicule fœtal". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T006/document.
Texto completo da fonteFor several years, an increase in the incidence of pathologies connected to the male reproductive functions has been described in numerous studies. These anomalies are classified under the term “testicular dysgenesis syndrome”. This syndrome might find its origins in the deleterious effects of environmental pollutants on the testis development in fetal period. Among theses environmental pollutants, phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are the most produced plasticizers found in products of common use. Many studies were performed in order to determine their effects, and allowed to classify them as endocrine disruptors because of their reprotoxic effects. My thesis work is a study of the effects of these two endocrine disruptors on the fetal testis development.Our first study focuses on the effects of BPA on the fetal testis development. Using the organotypic culture model, we developed our study in three species: rat, mouse and human. We demonstrated that BPA decreases the testosterone secretion in the human fetal testis from a 10-8M concentration, while in rat and mouse the testosterone secretion is only affected by 10-5M BPA. We also demonstrated a decreased Insl-3 gene expression, in the same conditions. These results allowed us to evidence a difference of sensibility between species. To understand the mechanisms involved in the BPA toxic effect, we compared it with the effect of DES, another endocrine disruptor with estrogenic activity. Unlike BPA, DES decreases the fetal testosterone secretion in rodents and not in human. This result suggests the involvement of two different signalisation pathways for these two xenoestrogens. This hypothesis is reinforced by the study that we performed in mice invalidated for the estrogen receptor ERα. In those mice, the anti-androgenic effect of BPA is maintained, unlike DES effect.In parallel, we investigated the mechanisms of action of phtalates and particularly of their most prevalent active metabolite, the MEHP (mono-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate). Following previous studies performed in our laboratory concerning the effects of MEHP, we intended to understand the mechanisms by which MEHP induces the apoptosis in male germ cells. We evidenced an increase in Stra8 gene expression in MEHP treated germ cells. This result suggests that MEHP might induce a wrong differentiation in male germ cells. Furthermore, we investigated the receptors and the signalisation pathway activated by MEHP. We observe that PPARα and PPARγ receptors agonists induce the same phenotypes as MEHP, namely an increase in the apoptosis and in Stra8 gene expression in germ cells
Pape, Olivier Winer Norbert. "Mise en place préliminaire d'une méthode de détermination non invasive du rhésus D fœtal par analyse de l'adn fœtal circulant dans le sang maternel au sein du réseau sécurité naissance des Pays de la Loire". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=41236.
Texto completo da fonteBeaulieu, Jean-François. "Étude en culture organotypique de la régulation hormonale du développement fœtal de l'intestin grêle de souris". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11721.
Texto completo da fonteKhosrotehrani, Kiarash. "Influence du microchimérisme fœtal dans la réparation tissulaire maternelle : cellules progénitrices associées à la gestation (PAPCS)". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066422.
Texto completo da fonteWaly, Zahraa. "Identification de fractions mitogéniques dans le sérum fœtal bovin pour la prolifération des cellules précurseurs de muscle". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23733.
Texto completo da fonteMayhoub, Flora. "Etude des effets de l'exposition aux pesticides en Picardie sur le développement fœtal : utilisation du méconium (cohorte MecoExpo)". Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIED004.
Texto completo da fonteCao, Qian. "Caractérisation moléculaire des carcinomes hépatocellulaires liés au virus de l'hépatite B". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S010/document.
Texto completo da fonteHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumors. Hepatic carcinogenesis is a complex and multifactorial process involving both genetic predisposition (e.g. SNPs) and environmental factors. Nearly 50% of HCC are caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide. During HBV infection, multiple genetic and viral alterations accumulate and promote tumor development. By analyzing resected HCC in France, we identified specific molecular features related to HBV infection. First, HBx inactivating mutations are selected in HCC tissues suggesting specific pressure of selection during hepatocarcinogenesis. Second, in patients with a low number of HBV DNA copies per liver cell, we identified additional risk factors like HCV infection, alcohol intake or NASH, suggesting a cooperative effect of these factors with HBV to induce the malignant transformation. Third, TP53 mutations associated with a poor prognostic for HBV infected resected HCC patients. At last, HBV-related tumors demonstrate more frequent progenitor phenotype compared to non-HBV HCC, with an up-regulation of genes that involved in cell cycle regulation and encoded onco-fetal/progenitor proteins. Four SNPs previously identified by genome-wide studies (GWAS) in Asian, have been validated in our European population. Allelic distributions seem to vary according to the etiologies of adjacent liver diseases. These findings underscore the complexity of the genetic predisposition of HCC; further study must consider the geographical origin of patients and associated risk factors
Guignard, Davy. "Impacts d'une exposition prénatale au bisphénol A sur la fonction thyroïdienne et le métabolome du système nerveux central fœtal". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30284/document.
Texto completo da fonteBisphenol A (BPA) is able to disturb the thyroid function. Given the key role of thyroid function in the development of the central nervous system (CNS), gestational exposure to BPA is a matter of particular concern. Our goal was to evaluate the consequences of a BPA gestational exposure on the developing CNS jointly to its effects on the thyroid function within a context of a well-documented internal exposure compared to BPA human exposure. BPA exposure of pregnant ewes disrupted the maternal thyroid homeostasis and modulated the metabolome of specific fetal brain regions. The different modulations we observed suggested that BPA might alter neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, membrane structure and energy metabolism. Interestingly, the BPA dose inducing maternal thyroid disruption and fetal CNS modulations led to BPA serum concentrations similar to those described in human biomonitoring studies
Castaing, Catherine. "Influence de l'adjonction de Sufentanil à la Bupivacai͏̈ne pour l'analgésie par voie péridurale de l'accouchement normal : retentissement maternel et fœtal". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23102.
Texto completo da fontePetit, Béatrice. "Etude de l'organisation et des fonctions des collagènes de type IX et XI dans la matrice extracellulaire du cartilage articulaire bovin fœtal". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10010.
Texto completo da fonteMottet, Nicolas. "Intérêt et modalités d’utilisation de l’élastographie ultrasonore impulsionnelle 2D en mode shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) dans l’évaluation du développement pulmonaire fœtal". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCE005.
Texto completo da fonteFetal Lung development is accompanied by cell proliferation, intense renewal of the extracellular matrix and increased deposits of elastin responsible for changes in tissue characteristics during gestation. Two dimensional Shear Wave Elastography (2D-SWE) consists in focusing an ultrasonic beam at different depths to generate shear waves whose propagation speed depends on the elasticity of the tissue.The objective of this thesis is to propose a new approach to human fetal lung development throughthe study of its elasticity during gestation with 2D-SWE. Considering the different acoustic parameters of the ultrasoundprobes used in this project, we were able to respect the regulatory acoustic safety criteria to explore the human fetal lung in vivo. We first investigated the factors limiting the measurement of the elasticity with 2D-SWE on soft tissue according to a fundamental approach through rheometric tests. In a first pilot study we evaluated the feasibility and the reproducibility of the measurement of the fetal lung elasticity in vivo by 2D-SWE. In a second study, we monitored the evolution of the elasticity of the fetal lung between 24 and 39 weeks of gestation (WG) and compared the values obtained with those of the fetal liver. Finally, we studied variations of lung elasticity during tracheal occlusion in monkeys and during the exploration of congenital pulmonary malformations.It is possible to assess the average elasticity of a soft tissue with 2D-SWE but this technique does not seem appropriate to estimate its absolute value. The use of convex probes with low frequency seems more suitable for eploring deep tissue by ensuring better stability of the shear modulus.The first pilot study in 103 human fetuses confirmed that measurement of the average elasticity of the lung and liver was feasible by 2D-SWE with acceptable reproducibility. Intermediate analysis of the results of the second pilot study in 63 fetuses showed that the evolution of the average elasticity according to gestational age seems different for the lung and the liver. While the average hepatic elasticity seemeed to increase with gestational age (3.76 kPa at 24 WG versus 4.52 at 39 WG, p<0,001) that of the lungs progressed by stages. From 24 WG to 32 WG, fetal lung elasticty increased gradually (3.82 kPa at 24 WG, 4.92 kPa at 28 WG, 5.15 kPa at 32 WG, p<0,001). After 32 WG, the elasticity decreases to reach 4.42 kPa at 36 WG and then 4.09 kPa at 39 WG. We observed a greater dispersion of the measurements for the lung compared to the liver, which could be related to a different tissue evolution of both organs during pregnancy. In this study, the average distances between the probe and the measurement site in the lung and liver were 4.6 cm [2.5-8] and 5.8 respectively cm [3-10] There was a moderate variation for lung average elasticity according to the depth of exploration
Roberge, Stéphanie. "Le rôle du sexe fœtal dans la réponse aux glucocorticoïdes anténataux en prévention du syndrome de détresse respiratoire : méta-analyse et revue systématique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22000.
Texto completo da fonteVayssière, Christophe. "L’association du STAN au rythme cardiaque fœtal, en cas d’anomalie, permet-elle d’améliorer la prise en charge des patientes en salle de travail ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/VAYSSIERE_Christophe_2008.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteFetal heart rate (FHR) has been routinely measured by cardiotocography (CTG) to monitor labor for more than 30 years, despite the absence of any formal evaluation. The rate of cesarean delivery has increased over this time, while the usefulness of FHR in improving fetal well-being has been contested. The imprecision in the significance of FHR abnormalities and the great variability in their interpretation may explain this poor performance in part. A large Swedish trial showed that the combination of the STAN (ST segment analysis) with CTG diminished the rate of operative intervention for fetal distress, as well as the rate of moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy. In view of the divergences between the Nordic countries and France in obstetrical practices, we assessed the STAN in France between 2002 and 2006. The objective of this dissertation was to determine whether combining STAN with CTG improves in labor room management of patients with fetal distress. An observational study of 433 cases showed that STAN had a sensitivity of 63% for a diagnosis of severe acidosis and of 38% for moderate acidosis. In a randomized trial of 799 patients, the use of STAN did not reduce the rate of operative intervention for fetal distress but did lead to a 56% reduction in use of scalp pH tests. In an analysis of 30 tracings by 7 obstetricians, we showed that STAN increased the consistency of decisions for operative intervention by reducing the number of unjustified interventions. STAN increases the consistency of decisions for operative intervention in the labour room. Breaking down the degree of FHR variability into increments in the STAN decision algorithm is one pathway for increasing the reliability of its diagnosis of acidosis
Vayssiere, Christophe Nisand Israël Goffinet François. "L'association du STAN au rythme cardiaque fœtal, en cas d'anomalie, permet-elle d'améliorer la prise en charge des patientes en salle de travail ?" Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1068/01/VAYSSIERE_Christophe_2008.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMuczynski, Vincent. "Polluants environnementaux et développement du testicule foetal humain : effets et mécanismes des phtalates". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00631554.
Texto completo da fonteSchohn, Hervé. "Purification et caractérisation des protéines entérocytaires impliquées dans l'absorption de la vitamine B12 (récepteur du facteur intrinsèque et transcobalamine) dans l'intestin mature et fœtal". Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10399.
Texto completo da fonteDuchateau, Agathe. "Etude de la perturbation précoce des marques épigénétiques dans le cerveau fœtal exposé à l’alcool et de l’implication des voies de réponse au stress". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4764&f=29833.
Texto completo da fonteFetal brain is vulnerable to environmental stress such as prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the leading non-genetic cause of mental retardation. This stress induces a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental defects that are often lately diagnosed. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these defects would help to develop reliable diagnostic tools for the early care of high-risk subjects.HSF2 transcription factor is a major actor of PAE response in the developing brain. Necessary for cortical physiological development, it also leads, in the context of chronic PAE stress, to abnormalities in brain development by changing its genomic targets. In addition, V. Mezger's team has demonstrated, in the embryonic cortex, that HSF2 binds DNMT3A - in a physiological context or following a PAE, DNMT3A being responsible for de novo DNA methylation.Since it has been shown that the methylome profile of adults that were exposed to a PAE stress, is often perturbed, it was conceivable that the DNMT3A/HSF2 interaction, in a stressful context, may, in part, be responsible for this methylome profile modifications. To test this hypothesis, three integrative high-throughput sequencing (NGS) studies were conducted, using cerebral cortices of mouse embryos exposed, or not, to PAE corresponding to a binge drinking alcoholization.ChIP-seq experiments, targeting HSF2 in alcohol-exposed fetal cortices, allowed us to map its binding sites in the genome, and identify 280 HSF2 targets. Most of these target sites are associated with genes involved in brain development or in stress response. Some of these genes are also linked, in the literature, with PAE effects.Few hours after PAE, 432 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between control (PBS treated) or alcohol-treated fetal cortices, using a methylome capture protocol. This analysis required the development of specific bioinformatics tools and approaches. These DMRs are mainly localized in active enhancers of the adult cortex. A high proportion of their associated genes correspond to imprinted genes or genes encoding clustered Protocadherins, both involved in neurodevelopment or brain function, and known to be impacted in adults prenatally exposed to an alcoholic stress. Because their deposition is linked to PAE per se and show some persistence in the postnatal/adut period, this strongly reinforces their potential as biomarkers of exposition. These results indicate that epigenetic ‘scars‘ are deposited very quickly after PAE and suggest, based on the literature, that some of them persist in adults.To estimate the functional consequences of PAE on the developing brain, a study of chromatin accessibility and gene expression over the stress period was conducted in a physiological context, analyzing public data (ENCODE) of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq from unstressed murine prefrontal cortices. This data mining study allowed us counting and identifying the chromatin regions that are differentially opened or closed, as well as the genes that are activated or repressed between the embryonic stages E13 and E16 in the developing cortex. Of note, a proportion of DMRs are significantly associated with chromatin regions whose accessibility varies - under physiological conditions - during the stress period, but also with genes whose expression increases during development, suggesting a particular vulnerability at these dynamic regions of the genome to stress.Our integrative analysis of the different NGS datasets did not reveal any correlation between HSF2 binding sites and the DMRs. However, since HSF2 target sequences contain often binding sites of methylome readers or chromatin remodellers, HSF2 might be involved in functional consequences of PAE-induced methylome disturbances, rather than in the establishment of these defects
Chan, Noëlle Boog Georges. "Critères d'extraction dans les retards de croissance intra-utérins avant 34 SA comparaison du ductus venosus et de l'analyse informatisée du rythme cardiaque fœtal /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPEchan.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBENATMANE, SAMIA. "Effets d'un choc thermique modéré sur le fonctionnement des récepteurs hormonaux lors du contrôle par les glucocorticoïdes de la réponse glycogénique a l'insuline dans l'hépatocyte fœtal en culture". Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA07GA03.
Texto completo da fonteRhrich-Haddout, Fatiha. "Greffe de tissu nerveux fœtal homotypique et hétérotypique dans la moelle épinière du rat adulte après lésion traumatique expérimentale : étude morphologique et immunocytochimique de la différenciation des neurones transplantes". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05CD08.
Texto completo da fonteHibelot, Bruno. "Etude comparative de deux modes d'évaluation du bien-être fœtal au cours des grossesses à risques : à propos de 112 cas explorés par Profil biophysique de Manning et test à l'ocytocine". Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23082.
Texto completo da fonteBeck-Cormier, Sarah. "Voie de signalisation impliquant le récepteur de l'hormone parathyroi͏̈dienne (PTH) et du peptide apparenté à la PTH : expression et fonction au cours du développement embryo-fœtal humain en physiologie et en pathologie". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077057.
Texto completo da fonteMaltese, François. "Effets d’une situation de comparaison sociale dans les différences liées au sexe en rotation mentale : Une étude avec des jumeaux dizygotes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3045/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe mental rotation test (MRT) is the most robust test revealing that men outperform women. Two major causes have been proposed for explaining the origin of this difference. The first focused on brain masculinization under the action of androgen during the fetal development. Vuoksimaa et al., (2010) showed that dizygotic opposite-sex female have greater performances than dizygotic same-sex female. For the second hypothesis, sex difference is mainly due to social regulation factors and stereotype threat interaction. We test here this second hypothesis. In a twin design we tested, for the first time, these two causal explanations. Same-sex dizygotic young adult pairs (23 pairs of males and 34 pairs of females), and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs (62 pairs) took a computerized MRT in two experimental co-action conditions. In the first condition, the experimental situation make the co-twin comparison possible (CSP): “you and your co-twin do the same test today”, and in the other experimental condition called, improbable comparison situation (CSI), they are told that: “you and your co-twin do different test today”. Accuracy and responses time where analyzed. Our results do not support the biological model but, in contrary, support the social regulation and stereotype threat model
Lesné, Laurianne. "Antiépileptiques et antalgiques pendant la grossesse et homéostasie du testicule foetal humain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENB075.
Texto completo da fonteFetal development is a period that is particularly vulnerable to imbalances in the environment in which it takes place. The fetal testis plays a crucial role in the masculinization of the reproductive organs via its endocrine function, and any alteration can give rise to a range of malformations that can have an impact on a man's future fertility. During development, the embryo and then the fetus are exposed to a complex chemical environment known as the maternal exposome. Among the families of substances that make up the exposome are the medicines that pregnant women take to treat a chronic pathology or acutely to treat a pregnancy-related symptom. We are interested in two classes of drugs: anti-epileptics (AEs) on the one hand, and analgesics on the other, because epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of hypospadias in newborns exposed in utero to valproic acid, an AE, and of malformations of the reproductive system in those exposed to paracetamol and ibuprofen in particular. The occurrence of these alterations could be linked to disturbances in hormonal balance. We used an organotypic culture model of human fetal testicular explants to compare the disruption profiles generated by a short exposure - 3 days - to analgesics and a short and long exposure - 28 days - to AEs. To do this, we adapted and optimized our model to approximate the chronicity of treatment in vivo. These studies, using organotypic cultures of human fetal testes, showed that three AEs could, over a more or less long period, induce an alteration in the endocrine function of this organ, leaving open the possibility that with chronic treatment, the androgenic impregnation of the fetus could be affected, and that this could have consequences for the target organs. Although the NSAID analgesics studied appear to have less spectacular effects on the endocrine function of the developing human fetal testis, their use during pregnancy continues to present a risk for other organs whose development is sensitive to or dependent on prostaglandins
Fraser, Sarah. "Le rôle des acides gras polyinsaturés dans la prévention des effets de l'exposition prénatale à l'alcool sur le développement des nouveau-nés inuits : une étude épidémiologique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21451.
Texto completo da fonteBrikci-Nigassa, Leila. "Induction de tolérance aux allogreffes de cœur et de peau chez la souris : implication de cellules souches transduites avec le gène de l’IL-10, de lymphocytes T régulateurs et de cellules dendritiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10318.
Texto completo da fonteThe main objective of this work was to induce a state of immunological tolerance to cardiac and skin allografts in mice injected with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transduced with the gene for interleukin 10 (IL-10). A second goal was to improve the survival of skin grafts using immature dendritic cells well known for their tolerogenic function. Mouse fetal liver contains 2% of stem cells on average that can differentiate into all blood-lymphoid lineages. In addition, their relatively low antigen expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) makes them a biological material sometimes capable to adapt to an allogeneic environment. IL-10 is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties. Mainly produced by Th2 lymphocytes cells, IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2. It prevents antigen presenting function of APCs. Dendritic cells (DC) derived from HSCs and play a central role in immunity. They are able to interact with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. They are essential to the establishment of a regulatory or tolerogenic response, this based on the information provided by the cellular microenvironment. Results firstly show that fetal HSC of C57 BL/6 mice transduced with IL-10 gene and injected several times to allogeneic mice (BALB/c) sublethally irradiated induce a prolongation of heart transplant survival of the same strain. This survival is of 86.25+13.8 days in comparison with 11.5+0.6 days for control groups. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tol-DC) of DBA1 mice treated with TNFα are injected into allogeneic mice (BALB/c) sublethally irradiated. This results in a prolongation of skin graft survival of same strain as tol-DC: 15 days compared to 7.5 days for the control groups. Only tol-DC transplanted animals have a tolerance state allowing prolonged survival of allogeneic skin grafts
Ye, Jian Hui. "Stratégies de réparation de la moelle épinière et de ses connexions motrices, chez le rat et le chien adultes, a l'aide de transplants de tissu nerveux fœtal ou adulte et de nerfs périphériques autologues : capacités d'axogénèse des neurones hotes et des neurones transplantés". Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05CD05.
Texto completo da fonteChevalier, Geoffroy. "Analyse de la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque en cas de syndrome de réponse inflammatoire fœtale aigu isolé ou associé à une hypoxie : Étude expérimentale chez le foetus de brebis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS060.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction: Fetal infection during labor, accompanied by fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), is linked to neurodevelopmental impairments, cerebral palsy, neonatal sepsis, and even mortality. Existing diagnostic methods for FIRS remain insufficient. Acidosis associated with FIRS during labor presents a significant risk to the fetus. This study hypothesizes that analysing fetal heart rate variability (HRV) could serve as a tool for detecting FIRS. Therefore, the first study aim was to explore whether fetal HRV change during FIRS and the second aim was to explore how HRV changes during acute FIRS-associated hypoxia, compared to isolated hypoxia. Material and methods: In near-term fetal sheep with chronic instrumentation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered intravenously to simulate FIRS, while a control group received an injection of saline solution. Hemodynamic parameters, blood gas levels, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 14 heart rate variability (HRV) indices were recorded during a stability period and for six hours after injection. For these different parameters, hourly comparisons were made between the LPS and control groups. For the second aim, two other groups were compared: one with isolated hypoxia, the other with hypoxia and FIRS. Worsening hypoxia was induced by repeated umbilical cord occlusions in three one-hour phases: mild, moderate, and severe. Hemodynamic, gasometric, and HRV parameters were compared between the groups. Results: For the first aim, a total of 15 lambs were instrumented. In the LPS-treated group (n = 8), IL-6 levels significantly increased following LPS administration (p < 0.001), validating the FIRS model. Additionally, fetal heart rate showed a significant increase after H5 (p < 0.01). Significant differences between LPS and control groups were observed between H2 and H4 for five HRV measures (Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal (SDNN), Standard Deviation 2 (SD2), Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) alpha 1 and 2 and Long-Term Variability (LTV)). The hypoxia and FIRS group had a higher mortality rate (n = 4/9) compared with isolated hypoxia group (n = 0/9). Gasometric state was altered earlier in the hypoxia and FIRS group after mild occlusions (pH = 7.22 [7.12–7.24] vs 7.28 [7.23–7.34], p = 0.01; lactate = 10.3 mmol/L [9.4–11.0] vs 6.0 mmol/L [4.1–8.2], p <0.001). After mild occlusions, the hypoxia and FIRS group had higher values for six HRV parameters compared with the hypoxia group (SDNN, Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), Short Term Variability (STV), LTV, Low Frequencies (LF) and High frequencies (HF). After moderate occlusions, only SDNN and RMSSD remained significantly higher. Conclusion: During acute FIRS, associated or not with hypoxia, HRV is significantly changed. These changes appear to be mediated by an increase of global variability and a loss of signal complexity. HRV indices may therefore be valuable for early detection in these two situations
Tanasescu, Elia Monica. "Hypoxie fœtale et lésions cérébrales associées". Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR3302.
Texto completo da fonteLardière, Aurélie Pagniez Fabrice. "Parasitoses à risque de transmission materno-fœtale". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=22211.
Texto completo da fonteMarguet, Florent. "Effets de l'alcoolisation prénatale sur le développement du système GABAergique et de la myélinisation chez l'humain Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of interneuronopathy in humans Oligodendrocyte lineage is severely affected in human alcohol-exposed fetuses". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR075.
Texto completo da fontePrenatal alcohol exposure is a major non-genetic cause of structural and functional abnormalities of the central nervous system, the most severe form of which is fetal alcohol syndrome, and the effects of which persist throughout life, associating mental retardation, neurocognitive and behavioural disorders. Prenatal alcohol exposure is a public health issue, since currently most children are not early detected in the absence of the major signs consisting of characteristic cranio-facial dysmorphism and growth retardation. While numerous studies on neurodevelopmental abnormalities have been carried out in animals and the results of which are often contradictory, very little data is available in humans and mainly concerns children. In order to explain the symptoms of these children, we have conducted an ontogenetic study of interneurons and oligodendrocyte lineage, two essential events involved in the synchronization of neural networks. Using a cohort of 15 human fetuses at all stages of development and two postnatal cases aged three months and two years exposed to alcohol in utero, we studied the development of GABAergic and calretinergic interneurons as well as the characteristics of their vascular migration within the cortex. We identified an interneuronopathy consisting of a major generation delay in the production areas (ganglionic eminences) at the early stages of development and a mispositioning of calretinergic interneurons within the cortex of fetuses exposed to alcohol at later stages compared with age matched controls. This delay in generation also affects precursors of oligodendrocytes expressing PDGFRα, which then remain abnormally numerous at the expense of precursors and pre-oligodendrocytes expressing Olig2. The latter are virtually absent in the cortex of fetuses exposed to alcohol until the end of pregnancy. Interneuronopathy and the lack of oligodendroglial differentiation could partly explain the neurological disabilities observed in children and adults exposed in utero to alcohol, modulation of neuronal activity and myelination being essential for the establishment of neural networks and conduction of nerve outputs
DAUBE, MARTINI ELISABETH. "La lithiase vésiculaire fœtale : à propos de trois observations". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25356.
Texto completo da fonteMarche, Kevin. "Effets psychocomportementaux de l’alcoolisation fœtale : modulation pharmacologique et comportementale". Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S002.
Texto completo da fonteThe term Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) defines the set of foetal alcohol-induced alterations. The variability of FASD phenotypes may be due to the complex teratogenic effects of alcohol, and implies the use of multiple animal models to study them. In light of these models, the effects of alcohol on an immature brain have been shown to induce four major behavioural alterations: (i) attention and locomotion, (ii) learning and memory, (iii) Stress, anxiety and depression, (iv) drug sensitivity. Our work has focused on the consequences of foetal alcoholization to induce psycho-behavioural effects and their modulation. Using two rodent models of early alcohol exposure (by pre- and post-natal or neonatal alcoholization) we modulated the effects of alcohol by pharmacological or behavioural approaches. First, this work has allowed us to observe that early (pre-and post-natal) alcohol-exposed rats have a hyperactivity disorder combined with an attention deficit during puberty. Secondly we observed an improvement in those disorders treated by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonist. Thirdly, we tried to accentuate the effects of alcohol on an immature brain. We showed that the use of an amphetamine treatment during puberty on rats under a pre-and post-natal alcoholic treatment, as well as disruption of the circadian rhythm in adulthood on rats under a neonatal alcoholic treatment, induced a memory disorder. The two main conclusions of this work are: (i) the ability to model some FASD symptoms in the rat; (ii) the modulation of these early alcohol effects that can be reversed or aggravated
Julian, Claire. "Mortalité fœtale et périnatale : performance d'un protocole de diagnostic". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61788.
Texto completo da fonteCette thèse se divise en trois chapitres écrits dans le cadre d'une étude d'évaluation de la performance d'un protocole de diagnostic des causes initiales de mortalité foetale précoce et périnatale. Le premier chapitre est constitué d'une revue de la littérature sur les causes initiales de mortalité et sur l'informativité des examens clinique et paracliniques à la naissance d'un enfant mort-né. Le deuxième chapitre est un manuscrit d'article décrivant la performance réelle d'un protocole de diagnostic mis en place en 1982 dans une zone géographique délimitée du sud est de la France couvrant 23 000 naissances annuelles. Cette étude descriptive porte sur 1019 décès consécutifs. Elle montre l'importance de l'information clinique et de l'autopsie parmi l'ensemble des examens. Elle est précédée d'une présentation du contexte et des objectifs. Le troisième chapitre est rédigé non plus sous la forme d'un article scientifique mais comme un chapitre de thèse classique. Il présente un arbre de décision évaluant la performance théorique de chaque combinaison des différents éléments du protocole. Le codage de l'informativité théorique de chaque élement inclus dans le protocole a été réalisé en collaboration avec deux experts en génétique médicale. Cette performance a été considérée uniquement pour la détermination des causes fœtales de mortalité. En effet, ce protocole mis en place à l'initiative d'une équipe de médecins pédiatres et généticiens, avait seulement pour objectif initiai le dépistage des causes fœtales de décès d'origine génétique et non celles d'origine maternelle ou obstétricale.