Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Extraction sous pression réduite"
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Dutheil, Camille. "Dépollution des sols par extraction sous pression réduite : étude de quelques paramètres". Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0016/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSoil vapour extraction is a treatment process for soils polluted by volatil organic compounds. Its principle relies on the circulation of gaseous flow in soil by the application of a depression of some hundreds millibars. A parametrical study has been led on a soil artificially polluted by trichlorethene. It shows that the gaseous flow rate has a slight influence on pollutants extraction yield. This is due to rate limited mass transfer processes. Soil moisture plays a negative role on treatment efficiency because of the reduction of the porosity available for the gas circulation. Tests have been performed on a soil polluted by a complex mixture of organic pollutants to elaborate a methodology of technical feasibility assessment. This methodology aims at identifying and limiting risks of site rehabilitation failure. Tests results show that soil vapour extraction was inadequat to treat the soil tested in this study because of the strong affinity between a dense organic phase (grease) and chlorinated solvents
Boudouch, Otmane. "Étude de la dépollution des sols par extraction sous pression réduite : application au traitement des COV". Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0107/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSoil Vapour Extraction (SVE), which includes gas extraction and/or gas injection, is the primary method used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from unsaturated subsurface porous media. The widespread use of SVE is due to its above ground simplicity of operation and proven ability to remove contaminant mass inexpensively relative to competing technologies. The objectives of this study may be summarized as follow: - Characterisation of the more appropriate method to determine horizontal and vertical soil air permeability components. - Study of the evolution of soil air permeability as a function of liquids saturation degree. - Verification of the validity or not of the use of unidirectional columns in extraction systems design based on attainment of a critical pore-gas velocity. To accomplish these objectives, a laboratory pilot was designed and realised, a series of experimental tests was conducted and literature models have been used. Results showed that the more appropriate method to determine soil air permeability is the one which involve stationary state in an open soil and that results obtained with a unidirectional column related to critical air velocity can not be extrapolated to field scale as it's currently done
Brusturean, Gabriela Alina. "Dépollution des sols par venting et extraction sous pression réduite : étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation numérique". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAL0075.
Texto completo da fonteThe work of thesis relates to experimental study, modelling and numerical simulation of depollution by venting and SVE of the soils polluted by light hydrocarbons. The first part contains a bibliographical study of pollutants interaction with the soil, of industrial applications of these two techniques and of the modelling techniques used for the follow-up of depollution. The second part is made up of the presentation of the equipments and procedures used for the follow-up of depollution on laboratory pilots. The third part presents the results obtained on soils polluted by components of automobile fuel alone or in mixture with the variation of the operating conditions (gas flow, extraction pressure, ageing of pollution). The agreement between the experimental and modelling (quantified by the factors of agreement) is good, which will allow the use of the developed techniques of calculation for an optimisation of the depollution conditions
Esslimani, Khaoula. "Etude de l´effet des conditions d´application de l’extraction sous pression réduite dans la zone non saturée du sol". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0021.
Texto completo da fonteSoil Vapour Extraction stands out as a widely used solution for the in situ remediation of soils contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). By applying a vacuum to the soil matrix, a flow of air is produced through it, carrying the volatile contaminants to extraction wells that remove the pollutants from the soil. Experimental studies in the laboratory and on site have been carried out to provide a complete analysis of SVE by tracking pollutants in the outgoing gases. An improvement to this technique using the thermal method was studied (T-SVE). Transport and mass transfer during the laboratory experiments were numerically simulated. Two soil models were chosen and characterised: 100% sand (soil 1) and sand mixed with 5% kaolin (soil 2). Experimental set-ups were used to analyse various parameters characterising the extraction system. Hydrodynamic tests were carried out using three different water mass contents in each soil. Experiments on soils contaminated by the two contaminants tested (decane and toluene), in single and double pollution situations, were carried out with samples in dry and wet conditions and at extraction rates of 10 and 16 L.min-1. The experiments were carried out at room temperature and at 60°C. Extraction tests were carried out on a real site contaminated by hydrocarbons. It has been shown that the quantity of mobile water is largely influenced by the composition of the soil. The results obtained showed that the presence of clay in the sand resulted in greater retention of contaminants (adsorption phenomenon) compared with a soil composed solely of sand. Lower elimination times were observed for the contaminant with the highest vapour pressure (toluene). Slight and non-significant decreases in yield, of around 1%, were obtained when going from a flow rate of 16 L.min-1 to a flow rate of 10 L.min-1. It has been shown that increasing the water content of the soil makes the depollution process less effective. The extraction rates of contaminants in double pollution are significantly lower than their extraction rates in monopollution. The T-SVE process, compared with conventional SVE, is more efficient in terms of clean-up time and extraction yield. The trends in pollutant concentration and depression curves obtained in field trials, where conditions are more complex and variable, are similar to those observed in the laboratory. An initial numerical approach to the simulation of mass transport/transfer based on the results of experiments on a 1D column was carried out. The proposed model is capable of simulating the extraction curves with good agreement with the experimental results
Messaoudene, Abdelhamid. "Conception et réalisation d'un simulateur de colonne garnie fonctionnant sous pression atmosphérique et sous pression réduite". Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0060.
Texto completo da fonteGillon, Pascale. "Évaporation des liquides polaires sous pression réduite et/ou sous champ microonde". Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS066.
Texto completo da fonteSalhi, Zahir. "Développement des techniques pour le diagnostic des procédés de projection thermique sous pression réduite". Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2046.
Texto completo da fonteThere is an increasing interest for thermal plasma spraying at working pressure lower than 10 mbars. By spraying at such low pressure, it is expected that resulting coatings have a very low porosity while keeping a deposition rate higher. Developing such processes requires adjusting operating parameters as gas mixtures, arc current and particle injection quantities, among others, in correlation with coatings to produce. Setting input parameters of this new spray processes can be made by measuring characteristics of the plasma and sprayed particles by using optical diagnose techniques. The aim of this study is to develop the use of different tools for optical diagnostics under such conditions. Particle measurements are performed by using the system DPV2000 with its sensor head located in a cooled tube at atmospheric pressure and measuring the particles through an optical window. When particles are too small or too cold to be detected, they are illuminated by a laser diode. In that case particle temperature measurements are not possible anymore but it is still possible to measure the in-flight particle velocity and flux. In addition to particle diagnostics, optical emission spectroscopy is used to quantify the plasma volume and to study the sprayed particle vaporization. The results allowed defining the characteristics of future process chamber to perform thermal spray technique at 0,1mbar pressure
Mohammedi, Kamal. "Contribution à l’étude des garnissages en vrac en distillation sous pression réduite. Mesure d'aires interfaciales". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0046.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is dealing with hydrodynamics and mass transfer in counter-current random packed columns under reduced pressure. It consists of two parts. The first part is about distillation under reduced pressure. This process is advantageous when heat sensitive and corrosive materials or used solvents are: concerned. In distillation particularly under reduced pressure, many is done but too much is still unknown or unpublished. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer parameters (pressure drop, hold-up residence time distribution , flooding , HETP) are obtained from Raschig rings and Berl saddles packed column. In the second part, highlighting the importance of gas-liquid interfacial area for data interpretation, we measured this parameter by performing and absorption with fast second order irreversible reaction (sulfite-oxygen-cobalt system) under reduced pressure
Cotton, Dominique. "Etude de formation d'hémicarbure de tantale (Ta2C) par l'intermédiaire d'un procédé de cémentation sous pression réduite". Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS010/document.
Texto completo da fonteTantalum is a very dense metal (d = 16.6) and has a very high melting temperature of 2996°C. This material is particularly required for crucibles used for pyrochemical applications. Early studies show that a carburizing treatment enhances corrosion resistance from liquid metals. Indeed, the intergranular attack of tantalum is stopped by Ta2C precipitates, which occupy the grain boundary regions. The production of the carbon saturated tantalum with Ta2C precipitates requires a good understanding of tantalum carburizing.A carburizing treatment on tantalum sample causes the emergence of a TaC layer on surface and Ta2C layer just below. A reduction of carbon flow has enabled the study of the first steps of tantalum carbides formation. This specific condition of carburizing leads to an epitaxic growth of carbide layers on tantalum substrate. EBSD analysis highlights the crystallographic relations between each phase.Tantalum carbide layers are highly carbon concentrated. So the growth of carbide layers has to be controlled during the carburizing treatment. Several parameters may affect carbide layers growth : process parameters (time and temperature of carburizing treatment) and external parameters such as the reactive surface of the samples. The influence of these parameters on tantalum carbide growth kinetics has been studied. In addition, the diffusion of carbon in tantalum has been modeled with CASTEM© software. Experimental data are used to compute parameters of the model, such as carbon diffusion coefficient in tantalum.Other microstructures than TaC can be obtained on surface by applying an annealing treatment after carburizing. With this treatment, the carbon contained on surface diffuses to the bulk of the metal. Annealing treatment parameters have been determined to get on surface TaC, or Ta2C, or carbon saturated tantalum with Ta2C precipitates
Douyon, de Azevedo Mario. "Etude du dépôt par arc dans le vide de couches minces de carbone sous pression réduite d'hydrogène". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59546.
Texto completo da fonteThe angular distribution of the ionic flux was measured in vacuum as well as under hydrogen pressures. The flux J was found to follow an exponential function of the solid angle $ Omega$ subtended by a cone normal to the cathode surface: J = J$ sb{ rm o}$ exp ($- Omega sp2$ / k$ sp2$).
Another angular distribution of the ionic flux which can be associated with the effusion of a gas from an enclosure by an orifice is J = J$ sb{ rm o}$ cos ($ theta$), where $ theta$ is the angle from the cathode surface normal. This distribution was tested but agrees less with experimental measurements.
The ionic flux is attenuated with distance R to the cathode and gas density n according to J = J$ sb{ rm o}$ e $ rm sp{- n sigma R}$ where $ sigma$ is the cross-section of the carbon ions-hydrogen molecules interaction. The obtained values of the cross-section for a wide range of pressures are in the order of 10$ sp{-17}$ cm$ sp{-2}$. The analysis of the time delays taken by the ions to reach electrostatic probes proved that the attenuation of the ionic flux by the background gas was not due to the photoionization of the hydrogen by radiation emitted from the cathode spots.
Thomas, Nathalie. "Différents aspects de l'étude du dépôt chimique en phase vapeur sous pression réduite du disiliciure de tungstène". Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0119.
Texto completo da fonteDutheil, Camille Faure Lyliane Carré Jean. "Dépollution des sols par extraction sous pression réduite étude de quelques paramètres /". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=dutheil.
Texto completo da fonteCourville, Pascal]. "Modélisation des phénomènes instables, volumiques et interfaciaux, au cours d'une évaporation à pression réduite ou sous champ microonde". Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS053.
Texto completo da fonteTachon, Romain. "Apport de la chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour l'analyse de traces d'explosifs : optimisation des conditions d'extraction et de purification pour le traitement d'échantillons récupérés sur une scène d'attentat". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066669.
Texto completo da fonteZaghdoudi, Khalil. "Optimisation de l’extraction des caroténoïdes à partir du persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), de l’abricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) et de la pêche (Prunus persica L.) : étude photophysique en vue d’une application en thérapie photodynamique (PDT)". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0297/document.
Texto completo da fontePhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically used technique for treating skin diseases, age-relatedmacular degeneration but mainly some types of cancer. PDT involves three components: a photosensitive molecule named photosensitizer (PS), light and oxygen. After administration of the PS, this one will be located more or less selectively in tumoral regions where it is activated by light irradiation at appropriate wavelength and power. This leads to the formation of highly reactive and cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially singlet oxygen, resulting in the destruction of the tumor by necrosis or apoptosis. To improve the treatment selectivity, different strategies are being exploited, one of which is the development of "photodynamic molecular beacons" (PMB). In PMB the photosensitizer is linked via a peptide to an inhibitor of 1O2 (quencher). This quencher inhibits the formation of 1O2 as long as the compound has not reached its target, namely cancer cells. In order to inhibit the toxicity of the PS in non-target cells and restore toxicity only close to the biological target, it is necessary to find an adequate PS/quencher couple. This remains a challenge for PDT. Carotenoids are interesting candidates due to their specific photophysical properties and ability to inhibit 1O2, which makes them potential quenchers for building PMBs. In plants, carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) are pigments involved in the photosynthesis, in which they play two main roles: a light collecting role and a protecting role by preserving the photosynthetic systems against photoxydative damages induced by a too intense light exposure. This protection can for instance occur via the well-known xanthophylls cycle. This capacity to catch energy presents a potential interest that should not be neglected in the framework of the design of PMBs usable in photodynamic therapy. Within the framework as part of this PhD thesis in Cotutelle with the Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, we focused on carotenoids from three fruits produced in Tunisia: persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and peache (Prunus persica L.), known for their global richness in these natural pigments. Three extraction processes were investigated: (i) the Soxhlet extraction based on the use of organic solvent at atmospheric pressure and used as reference, (ii) the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) using organic solvent under high pressure, and (iii) the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using supercritical CO2 and ethanol as cosolvent. For these two last processes, a design of experiments (Surface Response Design) was used to identify the key factors and optimal extraction conditions of various carotenoids (pressure, temperature, flow, % cosolvent, time, number of cycles). Then, HPLC-PDA coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) enabled the identification and quantification of carotenoids from the extracts. Thus it was possible to compare the profiles in carotenoids content from each fruit as well as the performances of each extraction process. This study showed that the carotenoidic profile in the persimmon was the most interesting as compared to the profiles in the two other fruits. Extraction and purification of the carotenoids from persimmon by preparative high pressure liquid chromatography were then performed in order to have a sufficient amount of each carotenoid and sometimes of their conformational isomers. We finally performed a study of their photophysical properties (absorption, fluorescence emission, 1O2 inhibition) in order to evaluate their potential as 1O2 quencher in molecular construction such as a PMB
Aoude, Christa. "Concentration of the microalgae Arthrospira Platensis and Chlorella vulgaris by electrofiltration". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2702.
Texto completo da fonteMicroalgae are microscopic organisms that present many beneficial properties and can be used in a wide range of industrial applications. One of the main issues encountered in microalgae biorefineries are the costs associated with the harvesting step, this is due to the energy intensive nature of the most commonly used processes for microalgae harvesting. Depending on the application, the microalgae can undergo further processing after the harvesting steps for the extraction of its intercellular compounds. Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis are two types of microalgae that are commercially used in a wide range of applications. Given their industrial relevance, they are the microalgae strains that are studied in the context of this thesis. The aim of this thesis is to optimize the use of dead-end filtration as a microalgae harvesting technique, this is achieved by studying the use of pressure driven dead-end filtration as well as electrically assisted dead-end filtration (hereby referred to as electrofiltration). In this context, the present work investigates the effects of the operating pressure, the electric current density, and the combination of the two on the filtration kinetics and the properties of the filter cake and filtrates. This work also assesses the possibility of using dead-end filtration as an in-situ extraction technique as well as the use of cake washing to recover biocompounds trapped in the pores of a microalgal cake. Three different cake washing configurations were assessed: pressure driven (pressure washing), electrically driven (electrowashing), and electrically enhanced pressure washing (pressure electrowashing)