Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Évaluation de la fibrose"
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Mezni, Imen. "Évaluation d'un marqueur précoce de la dysfonction chronique du greffon rénal : la PCR urinaire de l'ARNm de la Vimentine". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS088.
Texto completo da fonteChronic graft dysfunction is the major cause for end-stage renal failure after renal transplantation, both through immune and non-immune mechanisms. When the renal tubular epithelium undergoes epithelial phenotypic changes (EPC), reminiscent of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and associated with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, the prognosis is poor with a diminution of renal function and graft loss. In this prospective study. We studied the renal epithelial phenotype by immunohistochemistry and measured mRNA in urine of vimentin, CD45, GAPDH and uroplakin 1a by RT-PCR. We compared grafts from living donors and those from deceased donors. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of RT-PCR on urine for the diagnosis of epithelial phenotypic changes in transplant patients, with renal biopsy surveillance at 3 months and a biopsy on particular indication. We have shown that the EMT score on renal biopsy surveillance and the evolution of graft renal function were better in the patients from living donors than in those from cadaveric donors. The value of the mRNA of vimentin and CD45 relative to the uroplakin is correlated with the score in vimentin immunostaining in routine biopsies. These biomarkers could be used as a noninvasive tool to monitor the renal graft fibrogenesis. This test could be used for early detection of fibrotic diseases of the kidney transplant. In an independant study, the transcriptome in urine was analyzed, and it was found that normalization of mRNA with uroplakin mRNA was useful, and that EPC were associated with immune and inflammatory profiles
Cassinotto, Christophe. "Diagnostic et évaluation de la gravité des maladies chroniques du foie : impact de l’elastographie par ondes de cisaillement « supersonic shear imaging »". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0231/document.
Texto completo da fonteAbstract :The management and the prognosis for chronic liver diseases are widely based on the presence and the development of a liver fibrosis. The progressive worsening of liver fibrosis leads in a certain number of patients to the development of cirrhosis and its complications. Thus, the development of non-invasive diagnostic tools for the diagnosis and the monitoring of the liver fibrosis is of crucial interest. Liver elastography is one of the most promising techniques that have recently emerged in the field of chronic liver diseases. In this study, we aim to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a new elastography technique, named “Supersonic Shear Imaging” (SSI), and toanalyse its added value in the non invasive diagnosis of chronic liver diseases.In a first study, we prospectively analysed and compared the diagnostic performances of SSI elastography versus FibroScan and ARFI for the staging of liver fibrosis in a cohort of 349 patients with chronic liver diseases that consecutively underwent a liver biopsy. In a second study, we prospectively analysed the impact of liver and spleen SSI elastography in a cohortof 401 cirrhotic patients for the non invasive diagnosis of cirrhosis severity and oesophageal varices.In a third study, we assessed the clinical use of liver stiffness measurement evaluated by SSI, FibroScan,and ARFI in a cohort of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients who underwent liver biopsy. A total of 291 NAFLD patients were prospectively enrolled at 2 French university hospitals (Angers and Bordeaux)
Boulanger, Simon. "Évaluation du potentiel d'action de l'utilisation combinée de la tomatidine (ou son analogue : FC04-100) et d'aminoglycosides contre Staphylococcus aureus et Pseudomomas aeruginosa". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7533.
Texto completo da fonteLunven, Laurent. "Synthèse et évaluation d'aurones sur des modèles de fibres de tau". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV007/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe fibrillation of the tau protein occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, and leads to the formation of amyloid fibres called neurofibrillary tangles. Using organic molecules able to mark these fibres or inhibit their formation provides an interest both in diagnosis and therapy in Alzheimer’s disease. A series of aurones was synthesized and their ability to interfere with the fibrillation process was evaluated in vitro on models of tau fibres developed in this project. This work shows that polyhydroxylated aurones are able to act both as probes and as inhibitors of the fibrillation process. The ligation of these aurones with biomolecules or their radiolabelling has also been investigated
Pham, Thi Minh Tam. "Évaluation de la combinaison échographie, élastométrie par onde de cisaillement, et biomarqueurs sériques pour le diagnostic ultra-précoce du carcinome hépatocellulaire". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS309.
Texto completo da fonteBackground: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. It occurs in 75% to 80% of cases on cirrhosis. The annual incidence in France is 10,624 cases and is responsible for 10,063 deaths per year. There is a relationship between tumor size and prognosis. It is therefore necessary to improve the screening and monitoring of patients with chronic liver disease and high risk of HCC. Objective: The objective of the thesis was to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of day hospital screening of HCC by FibroTest, associated with shear wave elastometry / Shear-Wave-Elastography (SWE), morphological ultrasound in B mode associated with the alphafetoprotein (AFP) assay (FT-SWE surveillance). Methods: Patients of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Multi-Technological Consortium (HECAM) were prospectively included between 2015 and 2018 in the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group for surveillance by SWE. They were matched to historical controls monitored by simple ultrasound, using a propensity score. The efficacy of FibroTest was compared to that of Fibroscan / Transient Elastography (TE) to identify subjects with severe fibrosis. Results: All comparisons, whether in terms of HCC-free survival or 10-year overall survival, showed superior survival in HECAM patients under FT-SWE surveillance compared to control patients under standard surveillance. FibroScan alone or associated with FibroTest is less effective than FibroTest alone. Conclusion: FT-SWE surveillance compared to control patients under standard surveillance
Bertho, Annaïg. "Lésions pulmonaires après irradiation stéréotaxique : modélisation préclinique et aspects radiopathologiques". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS504.
Texto completo da fontePulmonary stereotactic radiation therapy uses high doses per fraction (6 to 20 Gy). Despite the decrease in irradiated volumes, patients still develop side effects as lung fibrosis. The lack of radiobiological data for high doses per fraction exposure remains an issue. The purpose is therefore to acquire, in vivo, original data in pulmonary radiopathology thanks to the SARRP. Effect of the irradiation volume is characterized by 4 different beam collimations at a dose of 90 Gy. The 3x3 mm² collimator allows observing radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis requiring depletion of club cells and reactive proliferation of type II pneumocytes. Dose effect study was conducted using a single dose range (from 20 to 120 Gy, 3x3mm²). A dose of 60 Gy is required to generate fibrosis. Study of fractionation effect show that a minimum BED3Gy (Biological Effective Dose) of 200 Gy was required to observe pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro, different pulmonary cell lines were irradiated at variable doses per fraction but constant BED. Analysis of 44 genes suggests an epithelial to mesenchymal transition process. At constant BED, there is no significant effect of dose per fraction in our model
Malleville, Marie-Alicia. "Évaluation du potentiel des fibres apériodiques à très large aire modale pour la réalisation de sources laser impulsionnelles". Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0009.
Texto completo da fonteThese Ph.D work is conducted in the context of a long-term collaboration between Xlim laboratory and the company EOLITE Systems in order to develop new large mode area fibers typically capable of providing up to 200 W of average output power and a peak power of 1 MW while maintaining a transverse single-mode emission at 1030 nm. For that purpose, optical fibers with an aperiodic microstructuration (FA-LPF) were developed in order to improve the performances of commercial fibers, mainly by pushing further the transverse mode instabilities power threshold. An unprecedented experimental study has been conducted to investigate the influence of the fiber structure, the laser source architecture and the mode field diameter. Furthermore, by replacing the commercial fiber by a FA-LPF in an industrial laser prototype, as a proof-of-concept, the FA-LPF permits to obtain a laser source with at least similar properties as those of the laser sources of the company regarding the laser efficiency or the lifetime test. The feasibility of a microstructured fiber shorter and still efficient (50 cm-long), has also been studied, by increasing the ytterbium ions concentration in the FA-LPF core or by improving the core to clad ratio. Finally, a new concept of fiber with a depressed-index core led to core diameters higher than 110 μm while maintaining a transverse single-mode emission
Courtiol-Legourd, Stéphanie. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation d’inhibiteurs phosphoanalogues d’aldose-cétose isomérases". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112050.
Texto completo da fonteAldose-ketose isomerases are enzymes which catalyze the interconversion of an aldose and a ketose. We have studied three of them: phosphoribose isomerase (RPI), phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). These enzymes play a major role in various metabolic pathways as glycolysis, neoglucogenesis, the pentoses phosphates pathways or the mannose metabolism. It has been shown to have a crucial role for the survival and development of several microorganisms responsible for diseases as the leishmaniose, the cystic fibrosis, the tuberculosis, the malaria or the insomnia. These enzymes are thus potential therapeutic targets. Consequently, strong inhibitors of these enzymes could provide efficient therapeutic tools against these deseases. The reactions catalyzed by these enzymes involve intermediaries of high energy (IHE) of 1,2-cis-enediol(ate) type. The synthesis of analogues of these intermediaries allowed to obtain in the laboratory, the best inhibitors known for these enzymes, the acid 5-phospho-D-arabononohydroxamique (5PAH, the best inhibitor of the PMI and PGI) and the 5-phospho-D-ribonate (5PRA, the best inhibitor of the RPI). However, these inhibitors possess a phosphate group which is easily hydrolysable in physiological environment, what makes them inactive in vivo. During this work of thesis, phosphoanalogues of the 5PAH, the 5-phospho-D-ribose (R5P, the substrate of the RPI) and of the 5PRA possessing a malonate, phosphonate, phosphorothiate, sulphate and sulfonate were obtained by multi-steps synthesis bringing in D-arabinose or D-ribose as starting product. The inhibitive properties of these compounds were then determined and their stability in physiological environment evaluated. The phosphoanalogue of the 5PAH of malonate type, the acid 5-desoxy-5-dicarboxyméthyl-D-arabinonohydroxamique (5DCAH) is a modest and stable inhibitor of the PMI of Escherichia Coli. Among the phosphoanalogues of the R5P, the compounds of sulphate and sulfonate types, respectively, the 5-sulfate-D-ribose (5SR) and 5-desoxy-sulfonomethyl-D-ribose (5SMR), are good inhibitors of three RPI (the RPI of spinach, the RPI of Escherichia Coli and the RPI of Micobacterium tuberculosis). Only the compound of sulfonate type is stable in physiological environment. The phosphoanalogue of malonate type, the 5-desoxy-5-dicarboxymethyl-D-ribose (5DCR) is a modest inhibitor of this three RPI. On the other hand, the phosphoanalogues of phosphorothioate and phosphonate types, respectively, the 5-desoxy-5-phosphorothioate-D-ribose (5PTR) and the 5-desoxy-5-phosphonomethyl-D-ribose (5PMR), are bad inhibitors. The phosphoanalogue of phosphonate type of the 5PRA, the 5-desoxy-5-phosphonomethyl-D-ribonate (5PMRA), is a good inhibitor of the RPI of Micobacterium tuberculosis. Furthermore, this compound is stable in physiological environment. It is on the other hand a bad inhibitor of the RPI of spinach and Escherichia Coli. These results are particularly promising because the 5PMRA is this day the best stable and specific inhibitor of the RPI of Micobacterium tuberculosis
Alexaline, Maïa. "Elaboration d’un épiderme de culture et évaluation non clinique sur un modèle de brûlure cutanée". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114816.
Texto completo da fonteThe deep and large injuries caused by massive burns prevent the use of split-thickness skin autografts. Today, autologous epidermal substitutes constitute an alternative treatment for skin regeneration. In fact tissue engineering allows the production of Cultured Epithelial Autografts (CEA) by in vitro keratinocyte amplification from a small healthy skin biopsy. The clinical use of CEA since the 1980’s has allowed an increase in the survival rate of burnt patients. However, CEAs present numerous drawbacks, among them the high fragility of keratinocyte sheets, and the immaturity of the dermal-epidermal junction leading to heavy cosmetic and functional sequelae.This thesis focuses on the bioengineering of epidermal substitute for clinical burn treatment to enhance wound healing and skin regeneration, from a translational research point of view. This work also includes the development of an animal model of third degree burn for the evaluation of epidermal substitute.We first developed a new epidermal substitute cultured on a fibrin matrix from human plasma (hPBES: human Plasma-Based Epidermal Substitute). Then we characterized this new substitute with phenotypical and functional analyses, using as a reference the epidermal substitute Epicel® (Genzyme, US). We observed properties more favorable with hPBES than with Epicel® in terms of clonogenicity, stemness, differentiation level, proliferation, migration potential and basement membrane protein conservation.The influence of the plasma-based fibrin matrix on keratinocytes was studied in comparison with a culture on a fibrin from purified fibrinogen, and with a culture with no matrix. For this study we focused our analysis on the role of the released factors from fibrin matrices during epidermal substitute culture. Both fibrin matrices improved epidermal substitute properties: reduction of terminal differentiation, enhancement of migration potential, secretion of wound healing enhancing factors. Besides, plasma-based fibrin specifically promote epidermal morphogenesis, keratinocyte proliferation and clonogenicity.The culture process was adapted to European regulation requirements without diminishing its regenerative potential: substitution of murine feeder cells by human dermal fibroblasts, adaptation of culture medium and plasma viral inactivation using amotosalen treatment.A burn model including all the surgical steps used in clinics for CEA grating was developed on nude rats. However the evaluation of hPBES on this model could not be achieved due to graft rejection. Therefore we evaluated epidermal regeneration after hPBES graft on acute wounds on NOD-SCID mice. We showed a good graft rate, with the regeneration of a human epidermis close to healthy epidermis with a well-organized dermal-epidermal junction two weeks after hPBES grafting
Mottais, Angélique. "Thérapie génique non-virale de la mucoviscidose : évaluation des voies d'administration et adaptation des formulations". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0146/document.
Texto completo da fonteCystic fibrosis is a genetic disease with lung damages as the current main causes of death. Due to the absence or dysfunction of the CFTR chloride channel, CF patients have hyper-viscous mucus, particularly in the respiratory tract. This mucus is an environment favorable to infection development by opportunistic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chronicity of infections coupled with significant inflammation leads to the progressive degradation of respiratory functions. Currently, apart from the heart-lung transplantation, no cure is still available for all patients.The approach by gene therapy appears to be a good strategy to cure all patients regardless of the type of mutations they have. It is a matter of bringing a healthy copy of the CFTR gene into the cells so that they express a functional protein. To do this, many barriers must be overcome. Among them, the presence of bacteria in the cellular environment is a brake against the transfer of genes in particular by vectors. It seems pertinent to develop a multifunctional formulation that on the one hand eliminates surface bacteria and on the other hand transfect the target cells. This formulation must remain effective after it has been aerosolized. During this work, several formulations, incorporating cationic lipids and silver compounds, have been developed
Antoine, Hélène. "Évaluation de la capacité d'émission de fibres par des matériaux isolants vieillis artificiellement : application aux laines minérales artificielles". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077008.
Texto completo da fonteGluais, Maude. "Médecine régénératrice du disque intervertébral : mise au point et évaluation de biomatériaux électrospinés pour la régénération de l'Annulus fibrosus". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1038/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe intervertebral disc is a fundamental component of the spine which plays an essential role in the mobility of the spine. It has been shown that 20% of chronic low back pain is related to a disc herniation, defined as the protrusion of the Nucleus pulposus (NP), through the Annulus fibrosus (AF), in the spinal canal that can induce the compression of a nerve root and cause radicular pain. Moreoever, lesions within the AF allow the entry of vessels and nerve endings that make the IVD itself painful, which is called "discogenic" pain. Currently, the surgical procedure used is partial discectomy, which consists in removing the herniated tissue, thus decompressing the nerve root involved in the radicular pain. Although short term efficiency has been proven, long-term clinical outcomes are questionable. Indeed, defects within the AF persist in time due to the limited intrinsic healing capacity of the AF and are associated with a 20% risk of reoccurrence of a disc herniation and lead to a 20% increase in the frequency of occurrence of disc degeneration. In this context, the objective of this thesis was to develop, using the electrospinning technique, a non-cellularized biomaterial whose structure reproduces the fibrous organization of native AF. Subsequently, the ability of this biomaterial to promote spontaneous infiltration of AF cells, their orientation and the deposition of an oriented extracellular matrix was tested in a sheep AF explant culture model. Finally, the stimulation of AF regeneration by this biomaterial was evaluated in an induced annular defect model in the sheep
Fossier, Simon. "Mise en œuvre et évaluation de dispositifs de cryptographie quantique à longueur d'onde télécom". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429450.
Texto completo da fonteCiobanu, Mihaela. "Revêtements polymères bioactifs de fibres en PET pour prothèses ligamentaires : greffage "depuis" la surface et évaluation des propriétés biologiques". Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132021.
Texto completo da fonteDubois, Jessica. "Organisation et maturation des faisceaux de fibres de matière blanche du nourrisson : évaluation en IRM du tenseur de diffusion". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112005.
Texto completo da fonteDiffusion tensor MRI enables to explore the cerebral microstructure non invasively by measuring the water molecules movements. Whereas the anisotropic organization of white matter fascicles has been revealed using this method in adults, their structure has not been detailed yet in the developing brain, and the biological origins of the diffusion index changes with age remain controversial. This thesis thus aimed at imaging the healthy infant white matter in order to study its early organization and to provide an in vivo monitoring of its postnatal maturation. A dedicated acquisition protocol was first implemented and applied to twenty-three one- to four-months-old unsedated babies, and an algorithm which generates the diffusion orientation distributions was adapted for acquisitions corrupted with motion. Major fiber bundles were then identified and reconstructed by tractography despite their unachieved myelination. Moreover, several quantification approaches were investigated. In an inter-individual study, monitoring the index with age led us to suggest a classification of the differential bundles maturation, in agreement with the post mortem knowledge of its spatio-temporal progression. In an intra-individual study, inter-hemispherical asymmetries, consistent with the adult functional specialization, were outlined. Besides, the diffusion structural informations were correlated with functional measurements by evoked potentials for the visual system. Consequently, the methodology we used seems promising for our improved understanding on the infant development
Gojon, Christine. "Préparation par procédé sol-gel et évaluation des performances analytiques d'un capteur chimique spécifique de l'hydrazine". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20203.
Texto completo da fonteSchwartz, Marlène. "Conception d'un réseau local à intégration de services : modélisation et évaluation de performances". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066142.
Texto completo da fonteGuimont, Alain. "Évaluation objective de la séquence de récupération des fibres sensitives de la troisième division du nerf trijumeau suite à une ostéotomie sagittale mandibulaire bilatérale (OSMB)". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27036.
Texto completo da fonteProspective study determining the sequence of recuperation of the sensory nerve fibers in the third division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) after a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). Nineteen subjects were recruited from March to September 2008. Each of them had an orthognathic surgery of BSSO to correct their malocclusion. Sensitivity in the cutaneous territory innerved by the labiomental nerve of each subject was evaluated in the preoperative period and at five times in the postoperative period (2, 4, 20, 36, and 52 weeks). Two methods were used to evaluate the sensory nerve recuperation. The first method, done with an appliance named Neurometer, was used to determine the current perception threshold (CPT) that can be feeled specifically by each of the three sensory nerve fibers types (A Beta, A Delta and C) in the labiomental nerve of patients who had a BSSO. The second method, done with the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, was used to determine the minimal pression threshold that can be feeled over the same cutaneous territory. As an addition, at each and every post-operatory appointment, all subjects were asked to quantify subjectively their sensitivity over the same cutaneous territory with a visual analogue scale. The following sequence of recuperation of the sensory nerve fibers in the third division of the trigeminal nerve was demonstrated: the A-Delta fibers did recuperate first, followed by the C fibers and finally by the A-Beta fibers.
De, Valicourt Guilhem. "Conception, fabrication, et évaluation de modulateurs déportés pour les réseaux d'accès et radio sur fibre". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00677397.
Texto completo da fonteZhao, Zhou. "Heart Segmentation and Evaluation of Fibrosis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS003.
Texto completo da fonteAtrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disease. Due to a lack of understanding in the matter of underlying atrial structures, current treatments are still not satisfying. Recently, with the popularity of deep learning, many segmentation methods based on deep learning have been proposed to analyze atrial structures, especially from late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. However, two problems still occur: 1) segmentation results include the atrial-like background; 2) boundaries are very hard to segment. Most segmentation approaches design a specific network that mainly focuses on the regions, to the detriment of the boundaries. Therefore, in this dissertation, we propose two different methods to segment the heart, one two-stage and one end-to-end trainable method. And then, for evaluating the fibrosis degree, we also proposed two methods, one is to combine deep learning with morphology, and the other is to use deep learning directly. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed approach is verified on some public datasets
Denis, Claire. "Caractérisation biochimique de l'algue Grateloupia turuturu, évaluation de ses potentialités de valorisation via un procédé de digestion enzymatique et la purification partielle d'un pigment d'intérêt (R-phycoétythrine)". Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2022.
Texto completo da fonteGrateloupia turuturu Yamada, a red macroalgae native of Japan, is proliferating on the Brittany coast since twenty years. Study of the chemical composition and its seasonal variations is carried out to determine the potential valorization of G. Turuturu. The best period to collect the seaweed for food use is between February and June. The biotechnological way of valorization is the R-phycoerythrin production. Two methods of extraction are tested: enzymatic hydrolysis of the thallus with polysaccharidases and the grinding in liquid nitrogen. The grinding in liquid nitrogen gives the best results, the enzymatic hydrolysis is an useful approach for the solubilization of oligosaccharides. The comparative analysis of purification methods of R-phycoerythrin (ammonium sulfate precipitation, separation in aqueous two-phase systems, ultrafiltration process) shows that the best results are obtained with the precipitation procedure (80% ammonium sulfate) and ultrafiltration process with polyethersulfone membrane with molecular weight cut-off equal to 30kDa. Moreover, both water- and liposoluble extracts of G. turuturu do not show cytotoxic activities against to cancerous cell lines, no significant neurotoxicity on larva of Diptera but induces elicit defense responses in grapevine. These results confirm the potential valorization of this algae in human nutrition such as sea vegetables or ingredients
Olivares, Elodie. "Évaluation de l'impact des antibiotiques sur la formation de biofilms par P. aeruginosa : place de l'Antibiofilmogramme®". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ074/document.
Texto completo da fonteCystic fibrosis (CF) patients are predisposed to chronic colonisation of the upper airways by P. aeruginosa. This opportunist pathogen is characterized by its ability to adhere to a surface and to form a protective biofilm, which is highly tolerant to antimicrobials. In routine, antibiograms are realised on planktonic bacterial cultures. The efficacy of the corresponding antimicrobial therapies appears low for the eradication of bacterial biofilms. The realisation of Antibiofilmograms® on CF clinical isolates (a new tool investigating the susceptibility of sessile bacteria to antibiotics) highlighted phenomena of biofilm formation inhibition and induction. More precisely, aminoglycosides are able to delay the bacterial adherence. Conversely, the β-lactam family shows the ability to stimulate the early adhesion of microorganisms. These different effects of antimicrobials on the bacterial behaviour are confirmed with more conventional in vitro methods (Crystal Violet, enzymatic treatment with DNase I) and a cell model (static co-culture of eukaryotic cells and bacteria). The clinical relevance of the Antibiofilmogram® is reinforced by its ability to detect the initiation of the early bacterial adhesion, to select inhibitor molecules and to avoid the inducer ones. Associated to traditional antibiograms, its application should be pertinent to optimise the CF therapies for the treatment of chronic lung infections
Pelletier, Julien. "Compression nerveuse chronique : évaluation des complications fonctionnelles et moléculaires sur la microcirculation cutanée et la régénération nerveuse". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10216.
Texto completo da fonteChronic nerve compression (CNC) is an experimental study model for the examination of the carpal tunnel syndrome. Our work aimed to study the effect of short or long‐term CNC on the cutaneous blood flow, on the nerve ability to recover following to nerve release, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the nervous regeneration. For that purpose, our laboratory established an original physiological mechanism in the study of the relationship between vessel and nerve in the sciatic nerve but also at the periphery, in the cutaneous tissue. Therefore, PIV (Pressure‐Induced Vasodilation) is an original tool of vasomotion linked to C‐fibers. Cutaneous and nervous neurovascular dysfunctions induced by a shortterm CNC were associated to cutaneous C‐fibers impairment and, angiogenic and inflammatory mechanisms of the injured nerve. These achievements are reversible after nerve release, even though the nerve showed a modification of the balance of angiogenic factors, an increase of the expression of inflammatory factors and the activity of proteins with apoptotic type. The long‐term CNC induced more important trauma that further affected the vascular function. Consequently the decompression of the sciatic nerve did not allow restoring the peripheral nervous function. PIV allows to early diagnosing nerve damage with a reduction referring to a short‐term CNC or an abolition referring to a long‐term CNC. Activation of the inflammatory pathway during CNC could compromise nerve recovery following nerve decompression
Robert, Jean-François. "Évaluation de la durabilité en milieu alcalin des armatures à base de fibres de verre pour les structures de génie civil en béton armé". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1999. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1176.
Texto completo da fonteBoumarafi, Abdelkader. "Évaluation des propriétés physiques et mécaniques et les effets des cycles gel-dégel de composites fabriqués par enroulement filamentaire". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5928.
Texto completo da fonteCunat, Pierre. "Détection et évaluation des fuites à travers les ouvrages hydrauliques en remblai, par analyse des températures réparties, mesurées par fibre optique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721827.
Texto completo da fontePillain, Baptiste. "Définition des indicateurs clés de performance et évaluation multicritère de filières durables de recyclage des polymères renforcés de fibres de carbone issus de l’industrie aéronautique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0630/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe global consumption of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is constantly growing since the last decade, leading to the need to create a recycling sector able to manage the amount of carbon fibers currently consumed and representing the amount of waste to be treated in the future. This thesis focus on the creation of a methodology for evaluating the sustainability potential for the implementation of a carbon fiber reinforced plastics recycling (CFRP) sector. CFRP coming from the aeronautics sector as well as other sectors such as the automobile and wind-energy industries. This methodology aims at identifying the most relevant indicators and associated methods, but also aims at the creation and adaptation of indicators to best assess the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of this recycling sector. The final result of this work, is the creation of a sustainability assessment methodology dedicated to the carbon fiber recycling sector, considering the different sustainability pillars. However this methodology also define more widely a tool that helps to identify sustainability performance indicators and that can be applied to other sectors if necessary
Wieland, Stefanie. "Utilisation d’adhésifs respectueux de l'environnement pour la fabrication de panneaux dérivés du bois à faible émission de formaldéhyde : caractérisation des paramètres de pressage : évaluation des propriétés des panneaux". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10103/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe standards concerning the formaldehyde emissions2 from wood based panels have become more restrictive; alternatives meeting the requirements of the standards are needed. Therefore, solutions for the industrial use of three types of adhesives were studied which are; tannin adhesives by silica-induced autocondensation, Urea-formaldehyde (UF) / polymeric phenyl isocyanate (pMDI) hybrid adhesives and formulations based on dimethoxyethanal (DME). The study related to the tannins showed that an industrial production of large particle particle boards pressed with steam injection is possible. The analyses made it possible to evaluate the tannin autocondensation reactions of the formulations and to optimize them for steam injection pressing. Most of the studied formulations satisfied the qualitative requirements of the standard for both internal bond strength and formaldehyde emission2. Besides, the potential use for exterior grade of these panels remains problematic. The experimentations on the UF/pMDI adhesives increased the knowledge in the field of the adhesives-panel properties interactions for medium density fiberboard (MDF). Important results were obtained by the study of the resin distribution by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Best results concerning the improvement of the panel properties were obtained for adhesive mixtures with low molar ratio UF and emulsifiable pMDI, satisfying the requirements of the standard, grade F **. However, grade F **** could only be reached by using 100 % of MDI. During the study related to the formulations of DME derived resins, new adhesive formulations were developed. The most promising formulation was selected and validated on industrial scale. It has shown to be able to satisfy the qualitative requirements of the standards with low formaldehyde emission2
Cheleux, Nicolas. "Étude in vitro de l'interface tenons fibrés-système adhésifs : apport de différents conditionnements physico-chimiques de surface, évaluation du comportement en flexion des tenons fibrés". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30023.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of our study was to evaluate the fiber post/adhesive system interface. An original teflon mould was specially conceived to carry out push-out tests in order to determine the shear bond strength at the interface. Various surface treatments: physical (sandblasting), chemical (dental bonding agent, silane) and physical and chemical were applied onto the posts to improve adhesion. Flexural properties of fiber posts were evaluated with the three-point bending test. Fracture load, flexural modulus and fatigue resistance were recorded. Surface treated fiber posts were also tested to verify if surface treatments did not alter the posts
Oliveira, Yolanda Albuquerque. "Fibrose quística". Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/834.
Texto completo da fonteCystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex hereditary disease which involves various organs and systems. It is caused by a mutation on the gene encoding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR), resulting in an irregular ionic transport, mainly the secretion of chloride ions. The failure of secretion of this ion through the epithelial membrane produces viscid secretions in the organs affected by this disease, which consist primarily of the lung and the pancreas. Increased viscosity of these secretions makes them difficult to clear, leading to obstruction of the submucosal glands of the bronchi whilst obstruction of the ductal system in the pancreas leads to exocrine insufficiency. In the lung, bacteria and anti-inflammatory agents are captured in the mucous, resulting in a delay in the response of the immune system, providing in this manner, the opportunity for formation of biofilms. Accordingly, frequent and recurrent respiratory infections occur, leading ultimately to respiratory failure and death. In the pancreas, endocrine insufficiency also commonly occurs and diabetes mellitus is one of the most important complications of CF. Nevertheless, CF is a multisystem disorder, affecting also the intestine, liver, reproductive system and the nutritional status. The clinical complications related to CF are not considered consequences exclusively of the base genetic mutation but are also believed to be derived from the chronic inflammatory state present in CF patients. The diagnosis is frequently made on basis of DNA genotyping to define which mutation is in cause, as well as the sweat test, which quantifies the amount of chloride in the sweat of the individual being tested. However, the diagnosis may be more complicated than expected due to the various possible phenotypes associated with the disease, which are caused by gene modifiers and external factors, examples being the environment, social status and exposure to pathogenic substances. The pillars of CF treatment are attention to the nutritional status, airway clearance and treatment of lung infection. As the median survival improves, however, it becomes necessary to prevent and treat the clinical complications associated with CF. Currently, other therapeutic measures are being investigated, such as gene therapy and CFTR pharmacotherapy, with hope that these may provide a more adequate treatment of CF patients and that they may possibly offer a cure to this fatal disease, without the need of lung transplantation.
Oliveira, Diane de Lima. "Fibrose cística". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94402.
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A Fibrose Cística (FC) é uma doença genética que causa alterações principalmente no sistema respiratório e trato gastrointestinal, devido a obstrução dos ductos de glândulas exócrinas por produção de muco excessivo. Estudos com pacientes portadores de doença respiratória obstrutiva crônica referem alteração na fisiologia da deglutição, implicando em riscos de disfagia e déficit do estado nutricional. Objetivos: Verificar a função pulmonar, a deglutição e o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes com FC. Sujeitos e Métodos: Estudo clínico observacional, realizado entre março a dezembro de 2009, em 20 pacientes, com média de idade de 10,1±0,6 anos, distribuídos entre o grupo sem função pulmonar grave (GSFPG) (n=12) e grupo com função pulmonar grave (GFPG) (n=08). Foi realizada espirometria, avaliação da deglutição de alimentos sólidos, pastosos e líquidos e do fluxo salivar. Avaliou-se o Índice de massa corporal (IMC), dobras cutâneas e circunferências corporais e impedância bioelétrica. Verificou-se a presença de refluxo gastroesofágico (RGE) - pHmetria. A diferença entre as médias foi observada pelo teste t não pareado e Mann Whitney. A associação e a correlação entre as variáveis foram feitas pelos testes exato de Fischer e correlação de Pearson ou Spearmann. Resultados: O GFPG apresentou de forma significativa menor pontuação no escore de Schwachman (p=0,022), assim como a albumina sérica foi inferior (p=0,042). A obstrução respiratória classificada pelo volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), foi considerada, em média, em grau moderado (55,2±4,7%). O fluxo salivar foi diminuído para ambos os grupos (0,74 ± 0,06 ml/min.) A alteração da deglutição ocorreu em 04 (20%) pacientes, caracterizada por dificuldade em controlar o bolo alimentar na cavidade oral, redução da elevação laríngea, sensação de alimento parado na garganta após a deglutição, realização de múltiplas deglutições e de manobras compensatórias com a cabeça para facilitar a deglutição. Apesar disto, nenhum paciente aspirou. O GFPG apresentou IMC em percentil significativamente inferior ao GSFPG, tanto pela WHO (p=0,012) como pelo Consenso de Fibrose Cística (p=0,007). Houve associação entre o VEF1> 51% e o estado nutricional satisfatório de acordo com os parâmetros estabelecidos pelo Consenso de Fibrose Cística (?2=3,712; p=0,028), bem como associação do VEF1> 51% com a elevação laríngea normal.(?2=2,761; p=0,049). O diagnóstico de RGE foi positivo para 09 (69,2%) dos 13 indivíduos que realizaram a pHmetria. O VEF1 correlacionou-se positivamente com o IMC tanto pelos critérios da WHO (rho=0,447; p=0,048), como pelo National Center for Health Statistics/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (rho=0,511; p=0,021). Conclusões: O grupo com função pulmonar grave (GFPG) apresentou maior ocorrência de estado nutricional insatisfatório, redução da reserva de gordura e albumina. A avaliação da deglutição não evidenciou aspiração, mas a presença do fluxo salivar diminuído. A deglutição não teve implicações na função pulmonar e no estado nutricional destes indivíduos.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that causes changes mainly in the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract, due to obstruction of the ducts of exocrine glands by excessive production of mucous. Studies involving patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease describe changes in the physiology of swallowing, implying a risk of dysphagia and a deficit in nutritional status. Objectives: To examine lung function, swallowing and the nutritional status of children and adolescents with CF. Subjects and Methods: A clinical observational study, carried out between March and December 2009, in 20 patients, with a mean age of 10.1±0.6 years, distributed between a group with lung function not seriously compromised (LFNSC; n=12) and a group with lung function seriously compromised (LFSC; n=8). Spirometry was performed, and the swallowing of solid, pureed and liquid foods and the salivary flow were assessed. The body mass index (BMI), skin folds and body circumferences and bioelectrical impedance were determined. The presence of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) was determined by pH measurement. Differences between the means were detected by unpaired t and Mann Whitney tests. Association and correlation among the variables were examined using Fischer's exact test and Pearson's or Spearman's correlation. Results: The LFSC presented a significantly lower Schwachman score (p=0.022), and serum albumin also was lower (p=0.042). The respiratory obstruction characterised by the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), was considered, overall, to be moderate (55.2±4.7%). The salivary flow was decreased in both groups (0.74±0.06 ml/min.) Swallowing was altered in 4 (20%) patients, characterised by difficulty in controlling the bolus in the oral cavity, a reduction in the laryngeal elevation, a sensation of having food stuck in the throat after swallowing, performing multiple swallows and compensatory movements with the head to aid swallowing. Despite this, no patient aspirated. The LFSC presented a BMI as percentage significantly lower than the LFNSC, both with the WHO (p=0.012) and the Cystic Fibrosis Consensus (p=0.007). There was an association between FEV1>51% and satisfactory nutritional status according to the parameters established by the Cystic Fibrosis Consensus (?2=3.712; p=0.028), as well as an association between FEV1>51% and normal laryngeal elevation (?2=2.761; p=0.049). The diagnosis of GOR was positive for 9 (69.2%) of the 13 individuals who underwent pH measurement. FEV1 was positively correlated with BMI according to both WHO criteria (rho=0.447; p=0.048), and those of the National Center for Health Statistics/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (rho=0.511; p=0.021). Conclusions: The group with lung function seriously compromised (LFSC) showed more frequent unsatisfactory nutritional status, reductions in fat reserves and albumin. Assessment of swallowing showed no evidence of aspiration, although salivary flow was reduced. Swallowing did not influence lung function and nutritional status of these individuals.
Baskiotis, Catherine. "Modélisations, réalisations et évaluations de fibres de Bragg à grande aire effective". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10192/document.
Texto completo da fonteForty years after their first theoretical proposal, Bragg fibers are still in their infancy. Indeed, Bragg fibers are based on more complex theoretical concepts than conventional optical fibers and are more difficult to realize. Their potential due to their particular guiding mechanism (known as photonic bandgap) remains still largely unexplored. This study analyzes the performances of Bragg fibers for high-power delivery. For this application, the target is to design a fiber that reaches the largest possible Effective Area for the fundamental core-mode, while ensuring a single-moded output beam. The study was performed theoretically, analytically, numerically as well as experimentally. An analytical model for predicting the properties of Bragg fibers with large Effective Area and low-index contrast when they are no subjected to any perturbations has been first developed. Then, the case of the application of macro-bendings on the Bragg fiber has been studied numerically. Finally, the behavior of Bragg fiber in the presence of micro-bending has been experimentally investigated. Bragg fibers are compared to the simplest fiber profile that may exist: step index profile. The numerical results show better performances in the case of Bragg fibers when they are free from any perturbations or subjected to macro-bending. First results indicate that the sensitivities to micro-bending of the two types of fiber are comparable
Amokrane, Gana. "Influence du greffage covalent de polymères bioactifs, sous irradiations UV, sur des échafaudages en fibres PCL électrofilées : Caractérisation de surface, étude des propriétés mécaniques et évaluation de la réponse biologique". Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131069.
Texto completo da fonteElectrospinning, an electrostatic fiber fabrication technique has evinced more interest in recent years due to its versatility and potential for applications in diverse fields especially in tissue engineering. Polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer has been approved for biomedical application and offers excellent mechanical properties and slow biodegradation, making it an appropriate material for use as a scaffold for tissue engineering. Previous studies carried out in our laboratory have shown that the covalent direct grafting (“Grafting From” method) of bioactive polymers or copolymers allows to overcome the PCL hydrophobicity and can favor cell adhesion and differentiation onto scaffolds. Various PCL scaffolds with different microstructures were prepared by electrospinning. The grafting of bioactive polymers on PCL electrospun scaffolds was carried out using two “grafting from” techniques; (i) the thermal grafting for 1 or 3 hours which requires a surface activation by ozonation as reference and (ii) the UV grafting for 1 hour with or without surface activation. We compared these grafting techniques in terms of surface modification, effect of the grafting processes on the intrinsic PCL properties. In vitro assay experiments were carried out to observe the fibroblast cell behavior on various functionalized scaffolds exhibiting different degrees of surface hydrophilicity and compare them to each other as well as an ungrafted scaffold. The successful grafting of ionic polymers onto the grafted PCL scaffolds was demonstrated using surface characterization techniques. Possible changes in the intrinsic properties of PCL have been studied using mechanical characterization, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Finally, the biodegradation at different time points of these scaffolds was evaluated in different environments. This study shows the elaboration of various PCL fiber scaffolds, their functionalization by the grafting of bioactive polymers and the appreciation of the mechanical and microstructural changes. The in vitro biological assays have shown the favorable effect of the grafted polymer on the cellular response and that, depending on the microstructure type of the scaffold, its surface functionalization by bioactive polymers and its surface hydrophilicity, different cell behaviors can be observed
Guyony, Valerie. "Caractérisation et optimisation du procédé de cuisson extrusion humide de matières protéiques végétales pour ’obtention d’une texture fibreuse". Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ONIR149F.
Texto completo da fonteAs vegetarian trends are growing, meat analogues, trying to mimic the appearance, texture and taste of meat, have emerged since the 2000s. Texturization process used is generally extrusion cooking. This thesis focuses on the texturization of plant proteins by wet extrusion cooking, and more specifically on the optimization of fibration in order to imitate as closely as possible the fibrous texture characteristic of meat. The objectives of the thesis are the understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena occurring during the wet extrusion cooking process and the optimization of process and raw material parameters to maximize the intensity of fibration. Among the process parameters, particular attention was paid to two main parameters: the dimensions of the die and the cooling temperature of the extrudat in the die. The study of raw material parameters was carried out by analyzing, on the one hand, the impact of the physico-chemical and functional properties of two different soy concentrates and, on the other, the impact of the addition of wheat gluten and/or pea isolate or fiber on the textural properties and fibration of the extrudate obtained. Finally, extrudate were transformed into meat analog steaks. The manufacturing process and reference recipe, based on the use of dehydrated textured proteins, have been adapted to allow their substitution by wet extrudates
Trabelsi, Noureddine. "Évaluation de la lignée myélomonocytaire U-937 comme modèle d'étude de la réponse du macrophage alvéolaire aux particules minérales : application à l'étude de l'effet des particules minérales sur les récepteurs de surface et la glycosylation des protéines". Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120090.
Texto completo da fonteSaad, Mohamed. "Études structurales à basse résolution par diffraction de rayons X synchrotron des fibres de collagène dans le tendon : Détermination des facteurs de structure, évaluation des méthodes du remplacement isomorphe et autres modélisations". Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10187.
Texto completo da fonteEssl, Robert Karl. "Lungensurfactant bei cystischer Fibrose". Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-28073.
Texto completo da fonteALLAIS, CHRISTINE. "Fibrose pulmonaire et deltamethrine". Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31501.
Texto completo da fonteEschalier, Romain. "Fibrose et insuffisance cardiaque". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1MM12/document.
Texto completo da fonteNo abstract available
Huber, Stefanie. "Inhalative Antibiotikatherapie bei Cystischer Fibrose". Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-28448.
Texto completo da fonteREBILLON, OLIVIER. "Fibrose pulmonaire revelatrice de polymyosite". Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20467.
Texto completo da fonteCAIX, FRANCOIS. "La fibrose epidurale post-operatoire". Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0110.
Texto completo da fonteMARISSAL, BENEDICTE. "Fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique et anthracosilicose". Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M169.
Texto completo da fonteLeboutte, Mathilde. "Fibrose intestinale, récepteur minéralocorticoide,alimentation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR081.
Texto completo da fonteIntestinal fibrosis is major complication of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and remains without specific treatment. As Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) antagonism inhibits development of extra-intestinal fibrosis, it may represent a novel therapeutic target in intestinal fibrosis. IBD incidence is more frequent in Western countries and still increases in newly industrializing countries. As Western Diet (WD), high-fat and high-sugar diet, is known to worsen extra-intestinal fibrosis, we aimed to identify the effects of WD on inflammation and intestinal fibrosis development in colitis models.Acute and Chronic colitis models were induced by DSS 1% in male mice fed with WD or its purified control diet (Low-Fat Diet, LFD). Inflammation, intestinal fibrosis, body composition, intestinal permeability were assessed. Cecal microbiota composition was assessed by RNA 16S sequencing. Proteomic analysis was performed on Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) using LC-MS/MS.WD for 8 weeks induced an increase of body weight and fat mass, a colon hyperpermeability and metabolic changes in VAT, suggesting an obesity state. WD prevented DSS-induced increase of markers associated to intestinal inflammation (colon weight length ratio, fecal calprotectin) and to colon fibrosis (Tgfb1, Col1a1, Col3, Vim). WD promoted growth of butyrate- producing bacteria (g_Roseburia, g_Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group) and it was associated to lower inflammatory-associated markers. DSS induced an immunoproteasome activation in VAT from LFD-fed mice compared to WD-fed mice,While MR may represent a novel therapeutic target in intestinal fibrosis, suractivation of MR was not observed in WD-fed mice. WD prevented intestinal inflammation and fibrosis, associated to a growth of butyrate-producing bacteria and to a decrease of immunoproteasome activation in VAT
Ndiaye, Elhadji Barra. "Contrôle santé de structures sandwichs composites, caractérisation et évaluation non destructives de l’adhésion et du vieillissement : simulations par éléments finis et expérimentation par mesure d’impédance et par ultrasons multiéléments". Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0007/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) of composite materials contributing in part to the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM). Specifically, adhesion phenomena and aging of composite sandwich core honeycomb structures are of crucial interest for aeronautics. The properties related to these two phenomena were studied using theoretical models, numerical simulations and experimental results. Based on previous works, using Lamb waves allow to characterize adhesion and aging. Additional simulations were carried out with the finite element software Comsol Multiphysics©. Adhesion defects such as delamination or debonding at the interfaces have been detected and located by means of the Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT) by sliding window, both numerically and experimentally. In view of NDT industrial rates, phased array transducers allow inspection and characterization of local bonding. By comparison, the Debye series method (DSM) was conducted locally to solve the inverse problem of a cut plane of a honeycomb composite. First, sandwich structure aging was investigated using Lamb waves in the air. Second, the aging was evaluated by measuring the electromechanical impedance of a transducer in contact with the samples. These experimental results show that the resonance frequencies and widths variations depend on the degree of porosity, indicating the sensitivity of these methods to the aging
Esteves, Marta Susana Serra Lourenço. "Cuidar da pessoa com fibrose quistica". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/16461.
Texto completo da fonteNas últimas décadas, o diagnóstico precoce e o acompanhamento da pessoa com fibrose quística (FQ) em consultas especializadas, com recurso a uma equipa multidisciplinar, têm sido imprescindíveis para o controlo do estado nutricional e para a prevenção das complicações e tratamento da doença pulmonar crónica, que é a causa da grande morbilidade e mortalidade (DGS, 2014; Hockenberry & Wilson, 2014; Smyth, et al., 2014), permitindo o aumento relevante da esperança de vida. O tratamento ou prevenção das manifestações respiratórias da FQ consiste na implementação de várias atitudes terapêuticas, como a atividade física e desportiva e a Reeducação Funcional Respiratória, de forma continuada ao longo da sua vida, quer em situação de exacerbação ou de estabilidade clínica (DGS, 2014). Pela necessidade de uma abordagem e intervenção diferenciada à pessoa com FQ, e família, reconhecida internacionalmente, por organizações como a Cystic Fibrosis Foundation e a European Cystic Fibrosis Society, Portugal definiu estratégias nacionais, através da Direção Geral de Saúde, integradas no Programa Nacional para as Doenças Respiratórias. Pelo corpo de conhecimentos e habilidades específicas, o Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação (EEER) deverá ser um profissional de referência na intervenção à pessoa com FQ, e família, no suporte, aconselhamento e educação, coadjuvando na otimização do regime terapêutico, tendo em conta as dificuldades e potencialidades individuais, inerentes às várias fases de desenvolvimento e morbilidades, fomentando o autocuidado ao longo do ciclo de vida. O estágio num dos Centros Especializados de Fibrose Quística do país proporcionou a oportunidade de integrar uma equipa multidisciplinar na intervenção à pessoa com FQ, em regime de ambulatório e internamento, permitindo a identificação dos múltiplos desafios que se colocam à pessoa, família e EEER, na promoção do autocuidado. Neste contexto, considerou-se a teoria Geral do Autocuidado, de Dorothea Orem, o modelo norteador da prestação de cuidados.
Correia, Eliana Raquel da Silva. "Fibrose quística e o desenvolvimento infantil". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1592.
Texto completo da fontePara a conclusão da licenciatura em Enfermagem na Universidade Fernando Pessoa - Faculdade das Ciências da Saúde, é necessário realizar um trabalho de investigação que permita uma última avaliação de todo o percurso pedagógico percorrido. O título do presente estudo é “ A Fibrose Quística e o desenvolvimento infantil”. Como base para este estudo foi colocada uma questão, que permitiu o desenrolar do estudo. A questão base é “ quais as possíveis influências da Fibrose Quística no desenvolvimento infantil, do ponto de vista dos enfermeiros? “. Assim de forma a orientar e a estabelecer metas para este estudo os objectivos estabelecidos são determinar, do ponto de vista dos enfermeiros, em que medida a Fibrose Quística poderá influenciar o desenvolvimento das crianças e determinar, juntos dos enfermeiros, quais as possíveis influências da hospitalização, no desenvolvimento da criança. Para a colheita de dados foram realizadas oito entrevistas, aos enfermeiros do Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital Maria Pia, durante o mês de Julho de 2009. De forma a alcançar o objectivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um estudo descritivo simples e transversal. Com a conclusão deste estudo foi possível concluir que a Fibrose Quística influência o desenvolvimento infantil e juvenil de diversas formas. Quer a componente física, quer a componente psicológica da criança é afectada pela Fibrose Quística. Como foi possível observar ao longo da realização das entrevistas. O sentido de frustração (por não serem como as outras crianças) é algo muito presente e que já como referia Robert V. Kail (2004) a frustração é um sentimento que impede a criança de se desenvolver e evoluir. Neste estudo foi possível verificar que o período médio de internamento das crianças com Fibrose Quística é de cerca de vinte e um dias, contudo algumas crianças devido ao ambiente familiar que as rodeia ou a limitações físicas, estas acabam por ficar mais de vinte e um dias internadas. Com relação ao internamento, este age como um factor condicionante de interacção e integração social de criança. A criança com Fibrose Quística é uma criança que se vê limitada de brincadeiras habituais, devido à cinesioterapia, medicação, dificuldades respiratórias, condição física entre outros factores. Com este estudo foi possível observar que a enfermagem necessita de realizar um grande trabalho de ensino não só à criança como à família, mas principalmente à sociedade. Existe a necessidade da enfermagem dar a conhecer a Fibrose Quística à sociedade para que assim a criança consiga integrar-se de uma melhor forma na sociedade.
Sironneau, Sandrine. "Corrélation fibrose pancréatique et signal IRM". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23043.
Texto completo da fonteAbrial, Hélène. "Fibrose rétropéritonéale : revue de la littérature à propos d'un cas". Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11119.
Texto completo da fonteGillibert-Duplantier, Jennifer. "Interface hémostase/fibrose hépatique : rôle de la thrombine et de la protéine C activée dans la fibrose hépatique". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21209.
Texto completo da fonteLiver fibrosis is the major complication of chronic liver diseases. Thrombin, the key enzyme of blood coagulation, is thought to play a role in fibrosis. Thrombin inhibited liver myofibroblast migration, a key step in liver, basal migration as well as Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-induced migration. Thrombin also induces the synthesis of TFPI-2, a blood clotting inhibitor, which has been shown to play a role in cell migration. In vivo, by using the thrombin inhibitor and a liver fibrosis model, we have shown that thrombin was involved in liver fibrogenesis in rat. Finally, we show that Activated Protein C, an inhibitor of thrombin generation, induces a pro-fibrogenic signalling, but that there are various physiologically negative controls that may inhibit this signalling during liver fibrogenesis. In conclusion, our results show that thrombin is a pro-fibrogenic mediator in liver fibrogenesis. The role of activated protein C in liver fibrogenesis must be further examined