Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Éthique et morale du soin"
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Gruat, Florence. "Le soin comme éthique : L'épistémologie morale à la recherche d'un nouveau paradigme à l'hôpital". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923144.
Texto completo da fonteReyre, Aymeric. "L’inquiétude des soignants en addictologie : entre défiance et amour, une dynamique éthique et clinique de la relation de soin". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T010/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe encounter with addicted patients frequently arouses a feeling of disquiet. It renders the practice of care difficult, even in expert settings, and degrades its ethical conditions. The present work explores the experience of professionals from the field of addictions treatment taking account of the diversity of their approaches and practices. It is in line with an epistemology of the complexity and adopts a complémentariste methodology. In this way, sociological, philosophical and psychoanalytical theoretical corpus can be put in discussion in order to comprehend the complexity of the ethical and clinical questions emerging from the care relationship.In a first phase, we conducted a qualitative inquiry of the caregiver’s experience. The study “Éthique et Narrativité dans les Addictions” (EthNaA) provided us with numerous data on sources and effects of disquiet in the care setting, as well as on ways out. A psychodynamical reading of these results led us to a first theory of the care relationship: in the encounter, the caregiver and the patient both withdraw on narcissistic positions which determine how they depict one another and themselves, as well as their ways of establishing mutual bounds; alternatively monsters and heroes, the protagonists grab onto each other and reject each other in a climate of distrust which infiltrates all the areas of the relationship; through the pain of this experience and the consciousness of the ethical consequences for the patient, the caregivers seek resources allowing them to restore a trust by taking care of themselves and looking for support from the “outside”, but they still seem unable to commit themselves in this move.In a second phase, as a professional enrolled in the care of addicted patients, it was necessary that we exhibit our own experience and clinical stories in order to support an ethical stand. Our experience is very similar to the caregiver’s in the study but its report allowed us to underline the intrapsychic integration of the emotional dynamics previously described. It opened the way of a second theory able to support innovative propositions likely to restore the care in its ethical and clinical qualities.The “disquiet relationship” brings a suffering patient in a silent expectation face to face with a caregiver, willing to get involved but vulnerable, in the first place because of the weakening of the function of the third position in the caregiver’s thought as well as in the institutional frame. The care relationship then locks itself in a circularity witch evokes the circle of attitudes described by Jean-Paul Sartre among masochism, hatred, sadism and love. This love, present in the caregiver’s discourses, remains withdrawn into itself and distrustful. We then started again from the caregiver’s ideas, completing them by introducing a care of the self able to restore the subjectivity of the agent through its combination with the reinvestment of the function of the third position in the caregiver’s thought. This new caring stand, through the assertion of the primacy of the third position, shall allow the acknowledgement of the patient as a subject. This “play” between protagonists shall place itself in an ethic simultaneously demanding and tolerant. The “amorous” track opened by the caregivers of the study can then rejoin the ethic of Vladimir Jankélévitch. The care relationship between two restored subjects can then make a fresh start – supported by a new dialectic between care of the self and love of the other, between piercing disquiet and anxious yearning, between distrust and trust – on a sinuous and sometimes chaotic trajectory, but which finally gives to the care the last word
Faucher, Jacques. "L'émergence du sujet éthique dans la création du Comité Consultatif National d'Ethique et son premier avis". Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040082.
Texto completo da fonteThe study of the founding of the National Consultative Bioethics Committee and the reading of its first opinion on sampling embryonic and fetal tissue demands to join reflection on the analysis of an institution to the textual reading. A call made on a subject to have access to his own full ethical capacity may proceed from the institutionalization of a platform for public debate and from the act of reading a texte, which are two faces of the institution of belief. The function of the State seems to be decisive in the creation of an institution established as institutive. The appeal to the semiotic of the letter and to the psychoanalysis confirms that the bioethics rather aim at the becoming of a subject than at the framing of biotechnology. The catholic theology proves to be fruitful as much for the reflection on institutions aiming at a consensus (the Council) as for the dialogue with the so-called secular religions for poetical ethics and for " the birth of a son "
Bodin-Cheneveau, Anne-Marie. "Soin, formation au soin, management du soin, trois "métiers impossibles" : former au soin, transmettre et faire vivre l'art de l'agir soignant par la compétence sensible". Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2015.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis presented here raises the difficulty for professionals of care, management of care, training to care, to adjust their daily action as close to the needs of the patient, the supervised caregiver, the nursing student. It may be that sensible reason, better recognized and valued, is part of this adjustment. Intimately intertwined in a more formal reasoning, and attentive to reciprocal emotional messages, it would help to refine the understanding of a singular situation, leading the professional towards an art of caregiving. The survey carried out gathers these indices favorable to the correctness of the action, committing to study how to support such a process. Thus the nursing trainer may have to orient his pedagogical posture and his conception of engineering, towards the transmission to the future nurse under construction, of this sensitive approach of care
Du, Roy Olivier. "La règle d'or : "Ne fais pas aux autres ce que tu ne voudrais pas qu'il te soit fait", "Fais aux autres ce que tu voudrais qu'ils te fassent : Histoire et portée d'une maxime éthique". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0367.
Texto completo da fonteLavoie, Mireille. "Philosophie du soin palliatif". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765091811&sid=36&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completo da fonteThomas, Samuel. "Face au refus de soin : les aides-soignantes en formation à l'épreuve des dilemmes moraux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0160.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis examines the emergence and handling of ethical dilemmas in the caregiving work of nursing assistants. To do this, it mobilizes three types of materials, corresponding to the three parts of the manuscript.The first part situates the work practices of nursing assistants in service, which allows for the contextualization of dilemmas within the practices that give rise to them, and highlights the persistence of an asymmetry in care, to the detriment of those being cared for (sick individuals, patients, service users, etc.).The second part historicizes both the ordinary categories and the analytical categories associated with morality. It enables an understanding of the coexistence of moral norms in caregiving that sometimes contradict each other, deconstructs the usage of the terms ethics and morality, and develops a theoretical framework suited for the study of moral dilemmas in care.The third part focuses on how ethical dilemmas are addressed in nursing assistant training. Training serves as both a privileged observation site, a moment of professional socialization, and a framework that encourages reflection on care practices and norms. This third part specifically aims to capture the conditions, effects, and limiting factors of the increased reflexivity brought about by training.The thesis presents a central theoretical proposition: the caregiver-patient relationship is the product of a social relationship of vulnerability, which organizes the asymmetry between nursing assistants and patients to the detriment of the latter. The moral dilemmas arising from refusals of care are likely to challenge this asymmetry when they provoke an increase in ethical reflexivity among caregivers. However, this critical movement is hindered by an individualistic interpretive framework that naturalizes the moral norms of care and shifts responsibility onto nursing assistants. As a result, nursing assistants often find themselves alone in facing refusals of care.This research was supported by a doctoral contract carried out at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), funded by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, through the doctoral network in public health (RDSP) coordinated by the École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP)
Netto, Andrei. "Le vertige économique : l’industrie culturelle, les technologies et la nouvelle éthique des socialités numériques". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H037.
Texto completo da fonteSupervised by the French sociologist Michel Maffesoli, this thesis assumes that the Marshall McLuhan’s "global village", which is a direct result of connectivity via digital networks that was first developed in the 1960's, has provoque a profound ethical transformation, especially in cyberspace. In turn, this new virtual sociality challenges modern institutions and subverts the social contract, contesting laws such as copyrights. One of the expressions of this metamorphosis is widespread piracy, an economic instability that has disrupted the overall landscape of the music industry. We call this whole process the "economic vertigo. " A fundamental epistemological framework formed by four sociologists inspires the hypothesis this thesis addresses: Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, George Simmel and Joseph Schumpeter. From a fifth researcher, Michel Maffesoli, we will explore the finding of postmodern tribes, the idea of transfiguration of politics, and especially his concept of "pact", separate from the traditional social contract. Additionally and with other authors in mind we explore the relationship between sociology, ethics, law, economics and mass communication in cyberspace. To test our hypotheses, we rely primarily on documents that prove the economic drift of the music industry. In order to explain the social basis of the economic incertitude, we rely on a wide bibliographic review, as well as qualitative interviews and sociological observations regarding the music industry and its audience over the last fifteen years. And we do it from the perspective of Weber’s interpretative understanding
Bérubé, Réjean. "Avoir à être le bien en personne chez Zundel : esquisse d'une éthique pour qu'elle soit au meilleur d'elle-même". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27568.
Texto completo da fonteMoghtader-Marin, Soudabeh. "Droit, souci de soi et médecine de l’âme : éthique et vie philosophique chez Ostad Elahi". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100153.
Texto completo da fonteThis research examines the roots of philosophical ethics in the works and teaching of Ostad Elahi (1895-1974), placing his contributions in the wider comparative context of earlier Greek, Zoroastrian and Islamic traditions of philosophical ethics. Beginning with the classical philosophical distinction of theȏria and praxis, we move on to outline the theoretical foundations of Ostad Elahi’s vision of the soul and ethics. There the metaphysical and spiritual backdrop of Ostad Elahi’s “theory” are complemented by a comprehensive course of ethical and spiritual practice designed to have transformative influences on the soul’s spiritual perfection, an approach which Ostad Elahi refers to as a “new medicine” of the soul. Starting from this teaching, Ostad Elahi’s son, the physician Bahram Elahi (b. 1931), has elaborated on these traditional conceptions for contemporary audiences, proposing a conception of the self where earlier philosophical and spiritual elements are expressed within the perspectives and language of modern science
PEQUENO, PIMENTEL JOSE. "L'emotivisme et la constitution affective du discours moral. Les limites de la meta-ethique et son influence dans le debat contemporain". Strasbourg 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20065.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is concerned with emotivism, its foundations, scope and consequences. It concentrates in those elements which will facilitate examination of the fondamental question : what can emotions teach us about ethics ? a potential' conection between reason and emotion in the structure of moral action wole be sought. The study begins with a chapter concerning the basis of the analytical philosophy of moral language, in which the origins and the theorical interests of meta-ethics from the theories of its precursor george moore will be discussed. Then, in order to explore the diatribes of the emotivism theory, a demonstration of the neopositivist basis of its conception of ethics, taking into account the influence of its main instigator ludwig wittgenstein, will be attempted. The study of the emotivist approach is centred, here, on the work "language, truth and logic" by alfred ayer and above "ethics and language" by charles stevenson. The general caracteristics of this theory will be examined : however, the limitations of this approach and the ratrowness of its conception of emotion will not be ignored. Despite its shortcomings, this theory has the merit of refocusing attention on the debate aboute the fonction of emotion in moral theory. This thesis as a whole has three aims : a) the reconstruction of the development of emotivism and critical reactions to it; b) the demonstration through its opposition to the naturalist approaches of ethics (social darwinism, evolutionnism, sociobiology) the flinsiness of its research methods; c) the conslusion that the relation pathos/logos" must restablish its rightful place in the philosophical debate
Castro, Jean-Luc. "Une approche exploratoire de l'influence des valeurs catholiques du dirigeant de PME sur son mode de management : la doctrine sociale de l'église catholique à l'épreuve de l'entreprise". Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090041.
Texto completo da fonteLaurin, Cécilia. "Admirables criminels : éthique et poétique du spectaculaire dans le théâtre de Pierre Corneille". Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030066.
Texto completo da fonteThe present study questions the use and operation of criminality in Pierre Corneille’s plays, in a double aspect : through the elaboration of the ethos of great criminal characters and through the effects of their spectacularization upon the stage – the latter depending on the former – based on an analysis of the aesthetics of admiration [wonder] that the playwright produces. It tends to show how operates and is operated the « wonderization » of such characters, which allows an exceptionally reflexive dialectical tension between essences and appearances and a reflection of the power of spectacularity, especially through feminine characters, which are here considered as mirroring images of the power of theatrical art itself. It interrogates more generally the question of agency, and its functioning interactions between activity and passivity, between action and passion. Eventually, the amazing criminals, not unlike any cornelian subject, appears to be freely defined by their greatest passion of all : self-passion, which can serve as an alternative name for their « gloire ». Their spectacularization thus revolves around a dramatization of the self, unveiling and offering it to the eyes of the rest of the world, in an attempt to make the projective ethos coincide with the effective ethos. Such dynamics are often characterized by fatal leanings, death being the ultimate expression of their gloire upon the stage
Porretta, Florence. "Le soin comme éthique : l’épistémologie morale à la recherche d’un nouveau paradigme à l’hôpital". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T031/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe ethics of care has been a major topic of discussion in recent years. Many paradoxical injunctions are heard of in hospitals, for instance the strange insistence on “welfare”, as if a caregiver had to be told notto mistreat a patient. One has however to admit that the reality of caring isn’t exactly the ideal onepictured by the healthcare authorities. The ethical knowledge of caregivers remains pretty poor in spite ofthe numerous theoretical courses and the practice guidelines that they are provided with. Recent lawsdestined to help the physicians in their practice (the most important ones being the Kouchner law on therights of sick people and the quality of the healthcare system and the Leonetti law on the patients’ rightsand end of life) are for instance still quite misunderstood.In order for health care ethics not to remain a pious incantation, one has first of all to clarify the reasonswhy the ethical thinking is still in limbo and find out the origin of resistances to carry out in action themoral values preached by the official ethicians (beneficence, respect for autonomy, respect for dignityand so on). The structural impediments that cause patent disinterest for the most vulnerable persons arehere analyzed from an epistemological and phenomenological point of view based on a threefoldexperience (medical, pedagogical and managerial).A paradigm shift is necessary to get over these impediments. While recognizing fully the importance ofscience and rationality for medicine, one has to account for the complex reality, both objective andsubjective, of health care, including the growing pressure of economic considerations. Obviously, caringisn’t always an innate behavior when it comes to caregivers. Precise actions have thus to be taken in achanging socio-economic context to ensure that the ethics of care is incorporated by every one of them.Therefore, the new paradigm will have to be less theoretical and more practical, it will reevaluatesimplicity and commonness and will hold the act of caring as such to be ethical
Sawada, Naoyuki. "Écriture et morale : question éthique chez Sartre". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010561.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis seeks to explicate the special relation between writing and morals in Sartre's works. To retrace the evolutio of the sartrean ethics, we proose, in stead of sketching his un1chieved theory, a reading of his key conceptsz, such "freedom", "knowledge", "recongnition", "understanding", "other", "self", etc. Why are moral issues and the question of writings privileged themes for sartre that is the question we attempt do answer here. Our analysis shows that the philosophical, literary and the autobiographical components from an ethical knot in sartre's works. So Sartre's analogy between morals and writing is not at all aleatory, because both themes are based on the question of communication and creation
Lilti, Eliahou. "Propriété, éthique et droit hébraïque". Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0028.
Texto completo da fonteHebraic law does not protect social order and neglects ethical values regarding ownership. To understand this we will look at Hebraic law through its original context, The Torah. The Torah consists of commandments which only apply to the realties of human nature, that is situations that are the essence of human existence like dress, business, and food. Naturally in these situations man will act according to his personal interest. Torah transforms this natural situation by applying religious commandments on every natural reality, without repressing it, and transforms it into a religious act. There are a few commandments regarding the natural reality of ownership, which transform it into a religious one. Because commandments apply to the realities of nature, Hebraic law will only relate to the natural reality of ownership. Since reality of ownership isn't social or ethical rather it is the effective control of goods, all laws and commandments will strictly correspond with effective control. Therefore there is a clear distinction in Hebraic law between social order, ethics and ownership. We will prove that this principe explains the laws of ownership, and that ethics do in fact have a significant place in the Torah, but do not influence the laws of ownership
Lang, Patrick. "La valeur : éthique, politique et sciences sociales". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010607.
Texto completo da fonteBourgeois, Denis. "Fictions éclatées : littérature et éthique". Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080962.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is a contribution to the elaboration of a contemporary aesthetical theory, refering to the primacy of hallucination (stemming from the psychoanalytic field. ) the example of ethical claiming in literature in the xxth century, such as it shows in hermann broch and jean-paul sartre, is a fruitful example of insoluble problems coming up in classical aesthetic theory stemming from the philosophical ideal. All the more since literary research at that time, that is in the first half of the xxth century, owing to its extremism, such as for instance kafka, joyce, celine carry it out, demolishes these aesthetico-metaphysical limits. Thus has this work, in a first part, unfolded ethical claiming in literature and there recognized a consequence of the question of meaning ; it has then tried to delimit, in a second part, this new postflaubertian literary practice, born at the turn of the century, and studied its implications ; so as to rethink, in a third part, the bond of the human element to reality, to the world and to others, refering to the consequences of this radical artistic practice
Boldrini, Miranda. "Éthique, imagination et réalité chez Iris Murdoch". Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0039.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis focuses on Iris Murdoch's (1919-1999) moral thought. The research aims to show Murdoch's heterogenic and innovator role within contemporary moral philosophy, in particular in the analytic tradition. Murdoch's philosophical perspective is analyzed in three axes : the relationship between ethics and language ; moral psychology ; the relationship between philosophical method and normativity. The thesis shows Murdoch's contribution to some central debates of contemporary philosophical ethics, notably : the critic of the dichotomy between fact and value ; moral perfectionism ; and the critic of "scientism" and the kind of non-scientific naturalism Murdoch conceive for ethics. Through this analysis, both theoretical and historical, the research argues that Murdoch played a crucial role in the constitution of an alternative line of analytic moral philosophy : a "philosophy of the ordinary" inheriting from Wittgenstein, which consider philosophical reflection as conceptual elucidation interested in ordinary moral life. In this perspective, the thesis explores the relationship between Murdoch's moral thought and contemporary ethics of care along with feminist approaches interested in moral epistemology, in order to show that what Murdoch offers for ethics is a "different moral epistemology"
Geoffroy, Michel. "La patience et l'inquiétude : recherches métaphysiques et ontologiques pour une fondation de l'éthipe de soin". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0171.
Texto completo da fonteIs there such a temporal virtue as one liable to give the relationship patient–health care professional an ethical value which is refused to it by medical viewing and the dividing understanding inherited from Cartesianism? It is patience which, within the duration of the event of a meeting, within a vacation of time – and not only within the instantaneousness of conscience – allows the opening of the health care professional’s temporality, his/her distensio animi and his/her co-presence with the patient. Uneasiness is the necessary ontological condition for patience. Whereas the philosophies of quietness, whereas Levinas’s metaphysics unsuccessfully attempt to account for the commitment of the Same to the Other, uneasiness as the expression of the tearing of man by the being i. E. Time, uneasiness as the first duty of the selfish ego to accept alteration, permits patience and welcoming of the other
Dugal, Louis. "Éthique et indifférence : questions pour Levinas". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26715/26715.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGuyard, Joël. "Langage, éthique, névroses par preuves et dommages". Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20034.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we pursue a work of formulation of the model of the standard defined by Jean Gagnepain up to the point of necessary precision to claim to interpret five clinical corpuses of neurosis according to three analytical aspects (dialectic, axialité, reciprocity) and three dissociations (speech, stratagem, transfer). We adduce the analogy sign / standard there to refer to us in the médiationnistes studies of the aphasia. It is mutually that the types(chaps) of neurosis define themselves: every chapter thus makes echo to the others. These five corpuses come to consolidate the fundamental hypothesis of the immanence of an axiologique analysis with what they supply us, by proofs and damage, the criteria. The autolyse of the security or the title shows itself by the delusion(decoy) of the urgent there require or are these patients has to redefine explicitly a behavioral identity or has to re-deduct explicitly a behavioral unity. The delusion of this obnubilation which breaks with the reciprocity pawns
Bilate, de Carvalho Danilo. "Nietzsche et une éthique des affects". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010610.
Texto completo da fonteBinet, Yanick. "L'articulation des perspectives objective et subjective en éthique chez Bernard Williams et Thomas Nagel". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/MQ31681.pdf.
Texto completo da fontePacific, Christophe. "Éthique du dissensus : la complétude du deux au service du soin". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469414.
Texto completo da fonteSimay, Philippe. "Tradition et contestation : éléments pour une éthique de la transmission". Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100185.
Texto completo da fonteThe notion of tradition occupies a central place in different philosophic controversies today where it is often mobilized as an argument of authority. For all that, the nature of the tradition is not questioned. Nobody seems to doubt that the tradition dismisses to something former, being passed on of generation in generation. Now, for more than fifty years, the social sciences critisize of such a representation " chosifiante " of the tradition. This thesis suggests studying the notion of tradition of a philosophic point of view, by approaching this question from the experiences of the social sciences, notably the anthropology. It is not only a question of returning in a critical way on the philosophic readings of the tradition, and on the misunderstandings to which they gave place but also to question philosophically the anthropological perspectives to end in a better understanding of the traditional phenomena
Some, Beterbanfo Modeste. "Wittgenstein et l'éthique : vers une synthèse de la méta-éthique et de l'éthique substantielle". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/SOME_Beterbanfo_Modeste_2007.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteReturning to the source from which Wittgenstein’s ideas emerged (chap. 1) and the hermeneutical analysis of his Tractatus (chap. 2), of his Lecture on Ethics (chap. 3) and his writings about the aims of confession (chap. 4) have revealed three complementary and contemporary ethical concepts in the case of Wittgenstein, concepts which, however, developed differently over different periods of time. Comparing his Tractatus, his Secrete Copy-Books and his Philosophical Investigations with his Copy-Books 1914 – 1916 shows three philosophies different in language, action theory and ethical conception. The absence of any experience theory justifies the phenomenological language of Tractatus as well as a meta-ethical conception. In his Philosophical Investigations we find an action theory, a physicalist language associated with a meta-ethical conception. The substantial ethics of his writings about the aims of confession avoids the question of language to the advantage of ethical sense and foundations. By reducing Wittgenstein’s ethical conception only to his substantial ethics allowed those claiming an ethical interpretation to see the driving force of his philosophy only in his substantial ethics to the disadvantage of a synthesis of substantial ethics and meta-ethics (chap. 5). Both the substantial ethics and the philosophy of the social element constitute together the conditions for the possibility of the sense which for Wittgenstein is the very source of life in community (chap. 6). His refusal to focus his philosophy on ethics does not mean that he ignores its importance. For him anything that makes sense is ethical and what is ethical makes sense
Billier, Jean-Cassien. "Libéralisme et rationalité morale". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040116.
Texto completo da fonteMoral liberalism, which is intimately linked to political liberalism, consists in trying to define the principles of a minimal public morality which makes moral disagreements on conceptions of Good possible. The only way it can have any meaning is by being radically anti-perfectionist, that is, by refusing to contain in itself the least element akin to any conception of Good. The former foundations of liberalism based on the concepts of autonomy and individualism have therefore become inappropriate in justifying the ideal moral neutrality of the public sphere. Neither autonomy nor individualism belong to the uncontroversial values sought after by contemporary anti-perfectionist liberals. The justification and application of the two fundamental principles of anti-perfectionist liberalism, that of to do no harm to others and that of equal respect for each human being, depend, on the one hand, on our moral beliefs being rooted in the liberal and democratic political culture that has developed over the past two centuries and, on the other, on the recognition of the heterogeneity of the sources of our moral deliberations which are completely fallible as soon as they abandon their fucntion of founding those same principles through the understanding internal to the liberal community. Anti-perfectionist moral liberalism is thus opposed to all moral relativism while, at the same time, rejecting the idea that an absolute and infallible moral principle capable of solving all our moral dilemmas could be discovered. All it has to offer is a public morality which does not seek to answer all the questionings which haunt our personal moral experience
Morel, Julie. "Les paradoxes du politique en architecture : Francis Soler, entre éthique et esthétique". Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084132.
Texto completo da fonteHow to not think about architecture in cooperation with politic as soon as the current events show how cultural, environmental and socioeconomic reference shifts and engages more than ever the questioning of the common good and the role of everything in each in its participation of the world? By the light of this report, this thesis suggests to identify through the analysis and understanding of the architect Francis Soler the links which unite architecture and politics. The general postulate of this research picks out the paradoxical situation of the links which unites architecture and politic. They convene the ethic as the aesthetic redefining the architect’s practice. Confronted to its environment fall over, the contemporary architect would then have no other choice than strongly changing to its political proposition. Two different research lines are expended. The first one wonders politic as an environment and allows us to evaluate those in power paradox. It relates to creating a debate around the political environment of the architecture, meaning that to identify the game of the actors which sets up the production, or co-production of the architecture in France. The second line wonders the existence of the architecture of politic that is to say the aesthetic modality transcription of the architect’s ethics. Operating a crossing with Hannah Arendt’s thought, Francis Soler’s work is readable through his never ending and repeating process research engaging the creation of always new world. This process questions the politic manufacture modalities of the architectural project, estimating the paradox of democracy
Roume, Stéphane. "La notion de progrès à travers une distinction entre éthique et morale". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0389.
Texto completo da fonteEvery economics or science has to reach some progress in its field. But, if we can agree on this point, we do not necessarily share the same definition of progress. To clarify this divergence of understanding, we have chosen to distinguish between ethics and morals: if a moral order permits to order elements in a determined frame for a specific goal, an ethical posture means to adopt and to adapt an authoritative principle for the discovery of an unknown environment. We advance that the economic field and the idea of progress can only be associated with a moral order and not with an ethical posture. To illustrate that, we conduct a reflection about identity, which is an empty and ideological notion but which allows us, along the distinction between ethics and morals, to focus especially on notions like State, person or power. These reflections can enlighten us about some foundations of economics and utilitarianism which is a philosophy deeply related to language and then with the notion of identity once again; utilitarianism and economics are in a certain way playing a defining role, allowing us to reach a well-being which we can identify and to which we can progress. Thereby, we are advancing that the progress can only be conceived from a moral order and that we should search a kind of equilibrium to let the ethical dimension be cultivated, as well as to encourage catallaxy outre economics
de, Montigny François. "Le roman et la connaissance morale : éthique et littérature chez Jacques Bouveresse, Vincent Descombes et Sandra Laugier". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20277.
Texto completo da fonteHalais, Emmanuel. "Éthique et expression : langage, métaphysique et individualité chez Wittgenstein et dans la philosophie morale anglaise". Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0013.
Texto completo da fonteAudonnet, Stéphane. "Éthique et finitude dans la pensée de Fichte". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040207.
Texto completo da fonteSuffering eclipse from Kant's critique of practical reason on the one hand and from Hegel’s famous objections to Kant’s and Fichte’s moral vision of the world on the other hand, the latter's science of ethics", published in 1798, remains largely unappreciated and undervalued. By setting out a moral philosophy of the infinite duty, it constitutes the apex of the system of liberty and intersubjectivity that Fichte tried to demonstrate while he was teaching in jean. In this thesis, we mean to show, first, that his transcendental foundation of ethics deeply transforms - indeed revolutionizes - its Kantian foundation. As a matter of fact, it restores the relevance - that Kant had found he could set aside - of a fundamental principle of practical reason as a material principle and not only as a formal one. Hence, the moral criticism seems to be able to resist to resist Hegel’s objections to formalism and to a solution of continuity with concrete ethics, insofar as it precedes it. The, in order to possibly revive Fichte’s option beyond the historical debate, there is need to assess how that ethics of the infinite duty still remains an ethics of finitude, which for instance avoids, in particular, but not only, the Hegelian objection to a "bad infinite", both at the moment of its foundation, as mentioned above, and during its systematic progress
Charmetant, Éric. "Biologie et éthique évolutionnistes contemporaines (1975-2006) : de Darwin à la moralité ordinaire". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010523.
Texto completo da fonteGriffejoen-Cavatorta, Constance. "Libertinage et éthique aristocratique au XVIIe siècle". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS006S.
Texto completo da fonteIn the seventeenth century, many noblemen voiced the importance they attached to the liberty of mind, soul and body, through their deeds and works. Showing their voluptuous nature and celebrating the pleasures of the flesh, they freed themselves from stern morals. Displaying some distance towards religious beliefs and practices, they asserted their independence and denied the consideration due to the Altar. Fostering political opposition by their involvement in plots and conspiracies, or by fighting duels, they claimed for an ideal of rebelliousness. Libertine deeds, whether they relate to debauchery, disbelief or political rebellion, gain strength when accompanied by a libertine pen. The works written by representatives of aristocratic libertinage such as Montluc, Saint-Évremond, Bussy-Rabutin, La Fare or Chaulieu reveal a remarkable unity. These noblemen share values closely linked to their standing; composing libertine works - whether in matter or in manner – more perenially contributes to building their aristocratic ethos. Set at the heart of aristocratic libertinage, claiming for liberty thus assumes a major importance to the noblemen and their mental universe. Libertinage appears as an aspect essential to nobiliary culture and constitutes one of the most fundamental ways of expressing aristocratic identity and consciousness
Dryancour, Gilles. "Les entreprises et l'éthique économique". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32046.
Texto completo da fonteGonzalez, Georges. "L'euthanasie entre éthique et droit". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0050.
Texto completo da fonteSince 1986 a new type of « stakeholder » has appeared on the legal scene : the terminally ill. The consideration and support for these people has shone more light on the real difficulties in defining the terminology, and the length of time that preceeds death. It is clear that, as soon as we are born, we begin the process which eventually takes us to the end of our existence. The human race survives because sexuality allows reproduction before ageing and death. As François JACOB emphasises : « We are born, we grow up, we get old, we die and the cycle of life continues. From the moment the egg is fertilized, our DNA determines when an individual will die »It seems obvious that society has forgotten the lessons of the past : dying is increasingly feared. We expect a dignified, peaceful, and painless death, in particular for those who have an incurable illness and suffer constant pain which cannot be eased by medication. Through the law dated 2nd February2016, Parliament responded to the wishes of the terminally ill by giving them new rights : The right to refuse treatment, the right to deep and continued sedation, the right to advance directives. However, we have to be cautious. Parliament generally consists of healthy people, who make laws for a situation that they don’t wish to experience, or imagine themselves in a condition which they cannot, in fact, possibly conceive. In some inextricable situations, the patient may decide that death is preferable to life. Such is the justification for requesting euthanasia or help to die, which is still illegal in France. Following the example of other countries who are more flexible on the subject, we could develop our end-of-life legislation whilst respecting the values on which our country is based, whilst respecting human dignity. This research concerns therefore the rights of those who are terminally ill, a very controversial issue nowadays. In particular, regarding the development of the legislation which decriminalizes euthanasia, emotive debates highlight deontological, societal, ethical, and philosophical issues
Marafico, Rémy. "Lacan pédagogue : le sixiè́me discours ou les fondements d'une éthique de la pédagogie". Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30006.
Texto completo da fonteKim, Sang Rok. "Le mouvement éthique chez Lévinas". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1PH04.
Texto completo da fonteThe thought of Lévinas wants to make us sensitive to the profound uneasinesse of the european culture which has achieved its universalization. According to Lévinas, this malaise of the Europe is rooted in the contradiction between its two spiritual currents, between Hellenism and Hebraism, because it is the question of the violence committed by the process of history in spite of its rationality. This violence is, on one hand, justified by the greek rationality in the name of the historical necessities, but, in the other hand, denounced by the jewish sensibility in the name of God who commands the love of the neighbor. This contradiction between the good conscience ensured by the greek wisdom and the guilt aroused by the jewish love of the neighbor coincides with the contradiction which exists between the conscious and the unconscious. In this way, the thought of Lévinas meets the psychoanalysis. This work intends to follow, with – and against – the psychoanalysis, the lévinassian movement of the existence which aims to sublimate the uneasinesse of the culture through a metaphorical transformation
Contreras, Guala Carlos. "Éthique et politique dans l'œuvre de Jacques Derrida". Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/145514641#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completo da fonteMany authors agree that the second half of the 20th century seemed to be marked by a certain disinterest in the ethical and political arenas. That is why Deconstruction has been accused of immorality and irresponsibility. However, when reading Derrida's Deconstruction texts, some specialists have attempted to discover and reveal the relationships he established between politics, ethics, and Deconstruction. These specialists claim that there is an ethical and political turn in Derrida's work. In this thesis, we propose, firstly, that both politics and ethics are present in Derrida's work. Secondly, that if there are any ethical and political implications in Derrida's writings, they would not constitute a turn but an evolution of a way of thinking actively involved in ethical and political aporias. In the first part, we present the difficulties any reader might encounter when reading Derrida. The second part is devoted to the development of concepts such as responsibility, decision, justice and what we call Deconstruction's aporetic structure. The third part deals with the relationship between literature and democracy. In the fourth part, we examine the notion of involvement through the concepts of responsibility, decision, and Derrida's opinions about the mass media. Finally, we explore the concepts of ethics and politics and also the necessity for Deconstruction when thinking about the conditions of possibility and impossibility of those concepts
Muchos autores coinciden al afirmar que la segunda mitad del siglo recién pasado aparece marcada por la percepción de cierta despreocupación por el ámbito ético y político. Es así que la desconstrucción ha sido acusada de inmoralismo e irresponsabilidad. Sin embargo, también ha habido ciertos lectores que abordan directamente las relaciones entre política, ética y desconstrucción con el propósito de revelar y exponer dichas relaciones. En general, estos últimos lectores postulan que habría un ethical and political turn en la obra derrideana. Frente a estos problemas se pretende plantear, por una parte, que el problema de lo político y lo ético en la obra de Jacques Derrida está presente y, por otra parte, que, en efecto, si hay implicancias ético-políticas en los escritos derrideanos, éstas no se configurarían como un turn, sino que se trataría más bien de la evolución de un pensamiento comprometido en las aporías de lo ético-político. La Primera Parte se presentan las dificultades que plantea la escritura de Jacques Derrida ante cualquier lector que se aventure en sus textos. La Segunda Parte está consagrada al desarrollo de las nociones de responsabilidad, decisión, justicia y de lo que llamaremos estructura aporética de la desconstrucción. La Tercera Parte se ocupa de la relación entre la literatura y la democracia. La Cuarta Parte hará un examen de la noción de compromiso a través de una revisión de los conceptos de responsabilidad, decisión, y de las opiniones de Derrida a propósito de los media. Por último, intentamos una aproximación a los conceptos de ética y política, y a la necesidad de la desconstrucción para poder pensar las condiciones de posibilidad – y de imposibilidad –, de dichos conceptos
Bisaillon, Réjean. "La problématisation de l'homosexualité en théologie morale, vers une éthique gaie et chrétienne". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/NQ47597.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLhermitte, Jean-François. "Conscience morale des animaux et perspective éthique dans l'oeuvre zoologique d'Elien de Préneste". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040167.
Texto completo da fonteThe zoological writings of Aelian recognize that animals have a moral sense. The study of the psychical manifestations shows, first all, that this does not have a rational origin ; even if animals are capable of logismos (reasoning), they lack the logos (reason). But they experience pathê, which are, in effect, moral evaluations. They are also capable of a learning process of the moral values which requires memory and communication. The socio-moral problem shows that animal dike (justice) is the outcome of the physis (nature) or of a sponde (convention), which defines the koinonia (i. E. Moral community) in a rigorous and not universal manner. Divine inspiration provides a third source of virtuous behaviour. Aloga do not have any moral responsibility, even if their worthiness is recognized. Finally this thesis outlines how this topic is treated in other literary forms: in scientific discourses, mythology, narrative genres and gnomic writings. The comparisons draw attention to the complexity of the ethical perspective
Cabanes-Duchastelle, Mireille. "Le réalisme interne de Hilary Putnam : épistémologie et éthique". Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120039.
Texto completo da fonteThe present work offers a critical analysis of putnam's internal realism. Hilary putnam between 1976 and 1994 presented internal realism as an alternative both to metaphysical realism and relativism. Putnam thinks that these two conceptions are fondamentally mistaken in assuming a sharp subject/object dichotomy, with metaphysical realism giving priority to the object and relativism to the subject. Putnam's main arguments against the dichotomy are analysed, in particular the logical, epistemological and metaphysical difficulties it gives rise to. Putnam proposed a constructive reconsideration of the notions of signification, reference, understanding, truth and the mental. We exhibited the intricate relationships among these notions, showing putnam's pragmatism : pluralism, the refusal to internalize belief, the active part of belief in discovering reality, the relevance of meaning analysis in metaphysics, the rejection of the dichotomy fact/value. We appreciated the objective and normative role played by values in internal realism. We criticized the same objective status given to epistemic and ethical values, rather than the objectivity of ethical values. We followed putnam in trying to bridge the gap between subject and object. In particular, we examined the evolution of his view of perception. Until 1994, putnam was a supporter of indirect perception, wich led to a contradiction within internal realism. Together with a conception of perception as direct and the mental as a system of capacities, the "new" putnam brings out a new form of realism ( natural realism is internal realism cured of its contradictions) and a new and leaner metaphysics
Degas, Catherine. "La morale dans l'entreprise et le contrat de travail". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4015.
Texto completo da fonteMorals refer to what relates to habits, human beings’ attitudes, as well as codes of conduct and their justifications. For some years now, companies have been publicly asserting their commitment to moral values, in order to improve their image. Some of them attempt to impose them upon their employees, sometimes subject to penalties. The question is whether employees, bound to perform the contract of employment in good faith, according to the provisions of Articles 1134 of the Civil Code and L. 1222-1 of the Labour Code, are obliged to adhere to the moral values of the company which employs them? On the one hand, some commercially oriented companies issue codes of ethics, along with whistle blowing policies, for which the question of their legality is raised. Companies of an ideological nature also ask their employees to abide by moral standards which the former aim to defend. On the other hand, labour law also requires that employers and their employees comply with moral obligations. Some of them relate specifically to each of the co-contractors. Thus, employers have the obligation to respect the dignity, as well as the fundamental rights and freedoms of employees, in particular in their personal life. The latter must avoid, in principle, engaging in behaviour which is contrary to commonly accepted morals in our society, and creating characterised disorder within the company. Employers and employees also have joint obligations with moral connotations, such as obligations relating to loyalty or security
La, Marne Paula. "Ethiques du mourir et rationalité philosophique". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070088.
Texto completo da fonteDeath has become an object of medical care and the fact of dying has assumed a new face. Unobtrusive, kept out of sight, death is disconcerting for the whole of society and physicians are not equipped to meet the paradoxes linked to medical progress. Slow, piecemeal, death may appear an enigma particularly as regards resuscitation; maintained as a slowed down process it raises in several medical specialties the issue of the limits of treatment and even that of stopping life. But society has turned to this problem and is pondering over the legitimate conditions of dying. Two strong ethical positions emerge as to the definition of the criteria of good behaviour towards the dying: first the choice to die, a position in favour of euthanasia and medically assisted suicide; and second palliative care, a position in favour of a conciliation between the sacredness of life and quality of life. In the first case quality of life lays the foundation for the meaning of existence to the point that, deprived of this quality, one can, in a completely autonomous way, lay claim to a request for dying. In the second case the emphasis lies on the continuation of the psychological and physical well being of the patient, letting the person pass away by themselves in the name of the infinitely precious character of life but also in the name of the interdiction of giving death. By allowing a debate between these two positions, solutions to the ethical conflict can arise with the help of concepts and practices such as limitation of treatment, caring to the global nature of the person with TLC (Tender Loving Care), sedation or the double-bind effect doctrine. All these solutions lend weight to the option of palliative care. The possibility of solving some ethical problems linked to dying paves the way for questioning the power of philosophical reason on this subject. Reason, despite the strength of some sceptical arguments, has the capacity to overcome ethical conflicts or to link seemingly irreconcilable principles because of its communicational nature. However there are two limits to reason's power: the demand that good must be respected and that the fear of dying be erased
Hoareau, Aude-Emmanuelle. "Éthique et salut chez Franz Rosenzweig et Edith Stein : du rapport de l'homme à la transcendance divine à une nouvelle conception de la communauté". Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_hoareau_ae.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Forestier Nadine. "Les Passeurs de mots. Une éthique philosophique du soin : à propos d’une enquête nationale au sein des Centres SLA de France". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T098/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe teaching of Doctor-Patient relationship, in particular in making announcement of the diagnosis, makes progress in the Faculties of Medicine. But in practice, communicating the thruth of a disease with fatal issue remains a distressing time because still badly told. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a motor neuron disease, is the most pejorative diagnosis to make in Neurology. In the controversy surrounding the time of the announcement of the diagnosis, and, by examining the results of 203 ALS Patients’ and their Caregivers’ questionnaires, we compare with the results of 38 ALS Centre Neurologists’ interviews. Through bringing an epistemological, ethical and philosophical analysis into focus, we argue that, in the rational multidisciplinary of the care in a rapid and incurable disease, the evolution of the clearly medical information changes the Doctor-Patient relationship into a moral injunction of presence for the Caregivers and the families. Only through the training of Doctors and a certain conception of Patient information in palliative care can the harmful consequences of such a trend be limited
Kapinga, Jean Bosco. "Une éthique chrétienne de la non violence : analyse des discours et des pratiques". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1059.
Texto completo da fonteA christian ethics of the nonviolence is defined by a certain number of characteristic elements of the writings of New Testament, namely the sweetness, the humility, the patience, the peace, the love of the enemies and the refusal of revenge. But, all those elements are not the monopoly of the christianity, because we also meet them in other religious and in the humanisms. However, in the christianity, they fall under the evangelic ideal, i. E. They constitute the specific behavior of the christians not only for Kingdom of God, but also to live in good intelligence in the world and in the society. Our study however disconvered a fundamental data in the editiorial project of New Testament: the term "nonviolence" is there absent, because he appeared only at the beginning of the twentieth century to a period of awareness of the oppressed peoples who aspired to the independence and to the freedom. But the refusal of the violence goes back up at the first moments some creation of the world: "What have you of your brother?"(Genesis 4,10)
Janiaud, Joël. "Singularité et responsabilité. Sur le statut éthique de l'exceptionnel : S. Kierlegaard, S. Weil, E. Levinas". Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10112.
Texto completo da fonteLemoine-Lanot, Bénédicte. "L' univers romanesque de Sylvie Germain : l'imaginaire éthique". Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN1330.
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