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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Épinoche à trois épines – Effets du stress"
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Épinoche à trois épines – Effets du stress"
Devergne, Jimmy. "Approche multi-stress : impact du changement climatique et d'un stress chimique (perturbateur endocrinien) sur le cycle de vie complet d'un poisson sentinelle marin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://theses-scd.univ-brest.fr/2024/These-2024-SML-Biologie_biochimie_cellulaire_et_moleculaire-DEVERGNE_Jimmy.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe work presented in this thesis aims to evaluate the effects of estrogenic stress during key phases of the fish life cycle (early development and gametogenesis) in the context of global change as simulated by the IPCC RCP8.5 scenario for the year 2100 (+3 °C and -0.4 pH units). It is based on a controlled environment experiment carried out on the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which allows exposure to different climate scenarios (current and RCP8.5) throughout the life cycle of this species and, in addition, to combine this climatic stress with estrogenic stress (17α-ethynylestradiol = EE2 ; 15 ng.l-1) during the embryonic-larval stages and at the end of gametogenesis. The effects of climatic stress, or multistress, were addressed by an integrative approach based on physiological, biochemical and molecular analyses, allowing the observation of effects on growth, reproduction and survival at different biological levels. In conclusion, this study shows that higher temperature and lower pH conditions increase metabolic costs and thus affect juvenile growth. This effect on growth is exacerbated by early contamination with EE2. At the adult stage, the metabolic costs generated by climatic stress affect sexual maturity and reproductive success (reduction in the number of reproductive females, delay and reduction in the spawning period, impaired oocyte maturation and egg quality). These effects are not modulated by additional estrogenic stress applied at the end of gametogenesis. On the other hand, contamination during early stages resulted in permanent effects such as feminisation of males and disruption of the reproductive axis, without modulation by climatic conditions. Finally, the two main results on survival concern two periods: 1- Under climatic stress conditions, a post-reproductive mortality peak wasobserved, associated with the proliferation of Vibrio rotiferianus and a more vulnerable physiological state of the sticklebacks during the post-reproductive period and at higher temperatures. 2- Under multistress conditions, a total mortality of larvae from EE2-contaminated parents was observed, suggesting a critical role of parental exposure on offspring responses. This work highlights the importance of considering multi-stress throughout the life cycle to assess the vulnerability of aquatic species in a future environment
Lieutenant-Gosselin, Mélissa. "Relation hétérozygotie-fitness chez l'épinoche à trois épines. Des effets locaux substantiels non reflétés au niveau de l'effet global". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23280/23280.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteDavid, Viviane. "Compréhension et prédiction des effets des substances chimiques sur la dynamique de population de l'épinoche à trois épines en mésocosme". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0023.
Texto completo da fonteIn ecotoxicology, experiments in artificial ecosystems (mesocosms) are of a great interest because they allow to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of toxicants at different levels of biological organization such as individuals, populations and ecosystems. However, mesocosm experiments are characterized by a low statistical power and a high risk of not detecting differences between control (without contaminant) and contaminated mesocosms when there is one. In this context, individual-based models based on the dynamic energy budget theory have been suggested as relevant tools to improve the analysis of mesocosm experiment results. Thus, the objective of this phD was to develop an individual-based model simulating the three-spined stickleback population dynamics in artificial streams. The knowledge on the biological model used, the three-spined stickleback, as well as the use of several available datasets from mesocosm experiments with or without tested chemicals allowed us to develop this model. Our individual-based model was first developed, calibrated and evaluated on data from three-spined stickleback population dynamics in mesocosms in control conditions. In a second step, the model was applied to several case studies where different chemical substances were tested in mesocosms. Simulation results have shown that the individual-based modelling approach seems promising for improving current assessments of the effects of chemicals. Indeed, our model helped us to have a better understanding of the modes of action of toxicants and a relevant extrapolation of ecotoxicity data measured in the laboratory on organisms to the population level
Hani, Younes. "Étude des paramètres digestifs chez l'épinoche à trois épines (Gasterosteus aculeatus) : intérêt en tant que biomarqueurs". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS048.
Texto completo da fonteIn a large context of global warming (temperature increase), anthropogenic activities introduce significant amounts of organic and inorganic pollutants causing chemical and physical disruption on the aquatic ecosystems and there living organisms. This work is therefore part of a context that covers both the need for the development of new tools for assessing the quality of aquatic environments, as required by regulations such as the DCE, and the provision of new knowledge on multistress effects on living organisms. Specifically, we examined different energy metabolism parameters and their interest as novel biomarkers in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a model species in ecotoxicology. This thesis aims to: (i) characterize the influence of biotic and abiotic parameters on the chosen parameters, (ii) to specify the response pattern of digestive enzymes in a multistress context (chronic exposure to a very low concentration of cadmium and / or thermal stress), and (iii) to study the consequences of this multiple exposure on sticklebacks' reproduction, in relation with the modulation of the energy parameters. Results show that temperature is the major stress factor with negative effects on most of the studied parameters (i.e. growth parameters, some parameters of energy metabolism, oxidative stress parameters and parents' reproduction parameters). Concerning cadmium, this chemical stress had effects at the molecular level (digestive enzymes) but did not affect the reproductive parameters of adult fish. However, consequences of cadmium exposure are nevertheless observed on the offspring (survival capacity). The negative impact of the double stress sticklebacks' reproduction may be due to an altered parental investment, which probably followed an alteration of one of the parameters in relation to energy acquisition, such as digestive enzymes. Thus, the parameters associated with energy metabolism, and especially with the acquisition of energy (digestion), show an interesting sensitivity to the different stresses studied, highlighting their potential as new biomarkers
Kermoysan, Goulwen de. "Caractérisation de la dynamique de population de l’épinoche à trois épines, Gasterosteus aculeatus, dans un mésocosme lotique : Application à l'évaluation des effets du bisphénol A dans un contexte écosystémique". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0050/document.
Texto completo da fonteEcotoxicity tests in ecosystemic conditions, such as those that can be performed in mesocosms, providea substantial ecological relevance. They permit to integrate complex inter-species interactions, interactionsbetween the organisms and the environmental conditions, and permit to assess perturbations witha systemic view. However, in return, these systems present a high variability that should be reduced,through experimental standardization or by identifying explicative factors, to better assess the differencebetween the outputs of the different treatments. In this thesis, we also focused on one species, of fish,the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), considering that it is good indicator of the healthstatus of the experimental ecosystem. We suggest that is more appropriate to focus on an integrativespecies in parallel to a global analysis in the context of mesocosms studies.The goal of this thesis was thus to better understand sticklebacks population dynamics in INERIS mesocosmsto improve the experimental protocols and the data analysis in ecotoxicity studies. To achieve thisgoal, studies were performed to characterize life cycle traits and processes of the species ; an experimentalprotocol was proposed to perform mesocosms studies with a focus on fish population dynamics; the datafrom two years of mesocosms studies in control conditions permitted to better understand the confoundingfactors ; we applied the methodolgoy to assess the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on fish populationdynamics with expsoure concentrations 0, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L BPA.We could describe and explain stickleback population dynamics divided by four periods: first a massiveabundance increase due to the first reproduction of the founders in the mesocosms; second an importantdecrease due to the saturation of the system ; third a short increase ; finaly a new drop due to the endof reproduction. For BPA, effects were observed both at individual and at population levels
Le, guernic Antoine. "Effets sublétaux d'une contamination métallique liée à des rejets miniers uranifères sur l'épinoche à trois épines (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Implication dans la susceptibilité envers un stress biologique". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS027.
Texto completo da fonteUranium extraction has resulted in a remobilisation of this actinide into mine surrounding ecosystems. Uses of metal salts during mining site rehabilitation, and the natural presence of metals have increased the metal contamination in hydrosystems submitted to mine tailings.In situ experiments were conducted in two former French uranium mining sites. Three-spined stickleback caging was used to determine the sublethal effects of this metal mixture on this freshwater fish, as well as its effects on fish susceptibility to a sudden biological stress.This pollution, characterised by higher metal concentrations (especially for uranium), has led to an oxidative stress in sticklebacks visible through several biomarkers, and other effects dependent on the study site. The polymetallic contamination has modified the stickleback responses to the biological stress, by preventing their phagocytic and antioxidant responses. This work has reinforced the interest of the caging technique during environmental studies and that of immunomarkers in a multi-biomarker approach