Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Épidémiologie des rayonnements ionisants"
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Chauveinc, Laurent. "Etudes génétiques des tumeurs radio-induites". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T040.
Texto completo da fonteRadiation induced tumors are a possible very late complications of radiotherapy. Many epidemiologist studies exists, with the evaluation of the relative risk for different tissues. But, the genetic studies are rare, and no global theory exists. With the published cases, two profiles existed, one with translocations and one with genetic material losses, evoking two different genetic evolutions. In this work, a few ways to explain the chromosomic evolution of the radiation-induced tumors were explored. In the fust part, with study of the age and the latency period of second tumor after retinoblastomas, two or more genes were modified by the irradiation. With 12 cytogenetic cases, analyzed in the laboratory, and the 25 cases of the literature, the radiation-induced tumors were characterized by genetic material losses. A anti-oncogenic evolution is probable. Only thyroid tumors did not have this evolution. The mechanism of the chromosomic material losses could be the chromosomic instability. The telomere length decreasing is a possible explanation of these phenomena. In our preliminary results, the telomere length of radiation-induced tumor did not decrease comparing to normal human cells, suggesting that telomerase activity stabilized this length
Fournier, Lucie. "Effets sanitaires d’une exposition chronique à de faibles doses de rayonnements ionisants : contribution à l’estimation des risques radio-induits de cancers dans une cohorte française de travailleurs du nucléaire". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS251/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of the thesis is to study three potential sources of bias in the analyses on the cancer risk associated with chronic external exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation in the CEA-AREVA-EDF cohort. This cohort includes 59 004 nuclear workers from those companies who were badge-monitored for external exposure to radiation. The first part of this thesis is devoted to potential internal exposure to radionuclides among the workers. Given the lack of available individual data on internal contaminations, a flag attributing for each worker and for each year a potential contamination risk based on workstations was defined and added to the analyses on cancer mortality risk associated with external radiation exposure. The second part of this work focuses on non-occupational exposures to radiation.Nuclear workers are exposed to radiation from environmental and medical sources, in particular from radiological examinations carried out in an occupational health framework. Scenarios characterising non-occupational exposures to radiation were constructed and their impact on the cancer mortality risk associated with occupational exposure was examined. The third part of this thesis addresses dosimeters recording thresholds. Below those thresholds, dose quantification is deemed too imprecise. Historically, below the threshold doses were recorded as null, resulting in systemic dose underestimation. A comprehensive review of the dosimetry practices in the cohort was accomplished and led to the conception of scenarios aiming to impute below the threshold
Lopes, Julie. "Analyse du risque radio-induit de décès chez les professionnels de santé exposés aux rayonnements ionisants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASR020.
Texto completo da fonteAbstract: Studies of workers exposed to ionizing radiation enable the characterization of health effects resulting from chronic low-dose exposure. Although extensive research has been carried out on the subject, there are still uncertainties surrounding the quantification of these effects. To date, medical workers represents the largest group of workers occupationally exposed to artificial sources of ionizing radiation. Their subsequent risk of various pathologies is therefore an important subject of study. Nevertheless, the conclusions of these studies are uncertain and debated, particularly regarding the risk of developing tumors of the central nervous system (CNS).Based on literature reviews supported by meta-analyses and on statistical analyses of data collected as part of the epidemiological follow-up of the ORICAMs (Occupational Radiation Induced Cancer in Medical staff) cohort, this thesis aims to improve knowledge of the effects of ionizing radiation on health in the context of low-dose exposure.A mortality analysis was carried out on the ORICAMs cohort, including 164 015 medical workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in France, presenting at least one dosimetric record between 2002 and 2012. Mortality was significantly lower in the ORICAMs cohort than in the general population. However, these results based on a comparative analysis with national rates may be influenced by the healthy worker effect, and do not allow to conclude on the existence or not of a potential relationship between occupational exposure and the risk of death. To address this issue, a case-control study nested within the ORICAMs cohort was set up, including 33 cases and 160 controls. However, conditional logistic regression analyses showed no dose-response relationship between occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and death from CNS tumors. An extension of the cohort follow-up and the inclusion of the case-control study in the international BECOME project will increase the statistical power of the analyses, allowing the assessment of the long-term effects of chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation
Metz-Flamant, Camille. "Effets sanitaires des faibles doses a faibles debits de dose : modélisation de la relation dose-réponse dans une cohorte de travailleurs du nucléaire". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T047/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the health effects of chronic extern allow doses of ionizing radiation. This work is based on the French cohort of CEA-AREVA NC nuclear workers. A review of epidemiological studies on nuclear workers was conducted during the first yearof the PhD thesis. The quantification of the dose-response relationship has been carried out by different statistical methods. Modifying factors of the leukaemia dose-response relationship were studied. A combined analysis including the present cohort together with other nuclear cohorts could quantify more precisely the risks associated to low doses at low dose rates, in order to validate current underlying hypotheses of the radiation protection system
Fendler, Julie. "Approches hiérarchiques bayésiennes pour l'estimation d'un risque sanitaire induit par l'exposome professionnel (co-expositions radiologiques à faibles doses sujettes à des erreurs de mesure) : Application à la cohorte française des mineurs d'uranium". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR019.
Texto completo da fonteThe population of uranium miners is a reference population for studying the health effects of chronic exposure to various sources of ionising radiation (IR): radon, gamma rays and uranium dust. However, two statistical problems arise in these studies: 1) the miners' exposures measures are error-prone; 2) the exposures to the three sources of IR are highly correlated. In radiation epidemiology, measurement errors in exposures are often ignored and health risks are estimated source by source, ignoring the synergistic or antagonistic effects of simultaneous exposures. The aim of this work, which is divided into two parts, is to promote the use of hierarchical Bayesian models to address the two problems raised above. All the statistical methods proposed in this work are applied to estimate a health risk from survival data in the French cohort of uranium miners.A model is proposed for estimating a health risk while considering complex measurement errors on radon exposures. These measurement errors depend on the miner's workplace and its work habits which change little over time. These errors are therefore spatially and temporally correlated. They are also heteroscedastic: their variances decrease over time as methods for assessing radon exposure improve. The proposed models are used account for measurement errors in radon exposure when estimating the risk of death by lung cancer, kidney cancer, brain and central nervous system cancer and leukaemia. The correction of the measurement errors and the estimation of the health risk are carried out simultaneously so that the estimation of the risk coefficient account for the uncertainty in the exposures. An MCMC algorithm was implemented in Python 3.8 to infer the model within a Bayesian framework. A simulations study is then carried out to estimate the impact of model misspecification on risk estimates.The three exposures to IRs are considered simultaneously when assessing a health risk by using profil regressions mixture (PRM) models. These models are used to create groups of miners with similar exposure profiles and similar health risks. As before, the inference of groups and the estimation of health risk are carried out simultaneously so that the uncertainty in the grouping is accounted in the estimation of risk. The number of groups in the model is infinite, but only a finite number of groups are non-empty. This assumption, which implies that the number of model parameters is infinite, introduces a difficulty in inferring the model. In addition, the output of the inference algorithm cannot be interpreted directly: post-processing must be carried out in order to form the different groups of individuals. While the choice of post-processing used has an impact on the grouping of individuals, there are only few guidelines on this in the scientific literature. This work proposes a Python implementation of a time-efficient MCMC algorithm for inferring PRM models. This algorithm is used to estimate the risk of death from lung cancer in the French cohort of uranium miners associated with simultaneous exposure to radon, gamma rays and uranium dust. Finally, a simulation study is carried out to compare different post-treatment procedures and provide guidelines on their use
Metz, Camille. "Effets sanitaires des faibles doses a faibles debits de dose : modélisation de la relation dose-réponse dans une cohorte de travailleurs du nucléaire". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647339.
Texto completo da fonteJourny, Neige. "Analyse de la relation entre l’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants lors d’examens de scanographie et la survenue de pathologie tumorale, au sein de la cohorte « Enfant Scanner »". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T065/document.
Texto completo da fonteComputed tomography (CT) is a powerful imaging technique that provides great benefits for diagnosis and medical management of patients. Nonetheless, the widespread use of this procedure raises many concerns about the potential adverse effects induced by X-rays exposure, both in clinical practice and in terms of public health. First epidemiological studies have suggested an increased risk of cancer associated with CT scan exposures in childhood or adolescence. The interpretation of these results is, however, controversial, and evidence about radiation-induced risks of cancer is still limited at this level of exposure and during childhood.In France, the "Enfant Scanner" cohort was set up by IRSN to study the incidence of cancer among more than 100,000 children who received CT scans before the age of 10 in 21 university hospitals. This study is part of the European Epi-CT project – coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer – which includes nine national cohorts set up on the basis of a common protocol. The current thesis, based on the French cohort, focuses on characterizing the exposure of children receiving diagnostic CT scans and quantifying the risk of cancer associated with these exposures.Dosimetric assessment was performed from the radiological protocols used in paediatrics between 2000 and 2011 in the participating hospitals. This study presents the evolution of the exposures during the period and the variability of practices in the radiology departments. The results show that there is a leeway for optimizing the procedures and limiting the exposure of patients, especially for scans of the head that account for most of the examinations in paediatrics.From these exposure measurements, a quantitative assessment of cancer risk potentially induced by CT scans in paediatrics was performed – on the basis of estimates of risk in other contexts of ionizing radiation exposure. The results show that each CT scan could be associated with an excess risk of tumours of the central nervous system, breast cancer, thyroid cancer or leukaemia ranging from 0.01‰ to 5‰. Cancer risks may be up to 7 times higher for patients aged 1 year compared to 10 year olds. Uncertainties attached to these risk predictions were quantified by simulations.From the follow-up of cancer incidence in the cohort, the dose-response relation was studied between the risk of tumors of the central nervous system, leukaemia and lymphoma, and cumulative X-ray doses to the organs of interest from CT scans. No significant increased risk was observed. Indeed, in 2011, the duration of the follow-up, i.e. 4 years on average, was very short. The analyzes have nevertheless characterized the impact of (acquired or hereditary) immunodeficiencies and other genetic factors predisposing to cancer on the risk estimates, and highlighted the importance of considering the indication of examinations in studies on CT scans.The follow-up of the cohort should be extended to provide more robust risk estimates. Extension of this study as well as expected results from other cohorts, particularly within the Epi-CT project, would provide, in the next 5 years, significant progresses on the issue of the potential adverse effects of CT. To date, risk predictions from quantitative risk assessment are still uncertain, especially for cerebral tumours, but should help to guide the use of CT. In addition, efforts for optimizing the radiological procedures are still needed to reduce the doses delivered in paediatrics and the potential associated risks
Demoury, Claire. "Variations géographiques de l’incidence des leucémies de l’enfant et association avec l’exposition aux radiations ionisantes d’origine naturelle". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T027/document.
Texto completo da fonteIonizing radiation due to medical or accidental exposure to high doses is an established risk factor for leukemia in humans. However, the evidence of a risk associated with exposure to ionizing radiation at lower levels usually encountered in the environment remains to be demonstrated. Our work aims to evaluate the hypothesis of the existence of an association between natural background ionizing radiation and the risk of childhood leukemia (CL) using observations made in France.Leukemia cases included in this study are all the CL recorded in the National Registry of Childhood Hematological Malignancies, an exhaustive repository of all cases of patients younger than 15 years old in France over the studied period.First step was the study of the spatial distribution of the incidence of CL at the level of the 1,916 Living Zone (LZ) defined by INSEE. Cluster detection methods have been used on 7,675 cases of CL diagnosed during the period 1990-2006 to identify areas potentially associated with a higher risk of acute childhood leukemia. The study did not show any spatial heterogeneity of incidence of CL during the period at LZ level. However, some spatial clusters were highlighted in specific places and times. Although the levels of significance of these clusters do not strongly support the existence of risk factors, localized clusters can show a slight impact of risk factors shared across LZ, including contextual environmental exposures.To test the hypothesis of the existence of an association between environmental exposure to ionizing radiation of natural origin and incidence of childhood leukemia, an incidence study based on 9,056 cases of CL for the period 1990-2009 was conducted. This study was complemented by a record-based cases-controls study based on the 2,763 cases of CL recorded over the 2002-2007 period and a control set of 30,000 subjects constituting a representative sample of the contemporary French pediatric population. In this approach, localizations of cases and controls and exposure identifications were geocoded and compared to the status cases vs control population.Data of exposure to natural background radiation were produced by the IRSN (Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety). Mapping of the “potential radon exhalation emitted by the ground” and a national sampling of 10,843 measurement points located in dwellings were used to estimate residential exposure to radon at a level of granularity of cities and houses. Exposure to terrestrial gamma and cosmic rays was estimated by zone d’emploi based on a set of more than 28,000 environmental measurements in approximately 1,000 sites covering whole France, and by the IRSN national campaign data. Our study did not show any association of childhood leukemia with exposures to natural background radiation estimated nor at diagnosis nor cumulatively during childhood. However it had a good power to highlight the risks expected from current models of risk (UNSCEAR) built from studies on the observed high doses risks. If this work does not support the hypothesis that there is an association between exposure to ionizing radiation from natural sources observed and the incidence of childhood leukemia which may be directly observable at the epidemiologic level, this question remains important enough and not investigated enough to merit further complementary studies in countries where it has not been investigated
Slama, Rémy. "Environnement et fertilité masculine : étude épidémiologique de l'effet de l'exposition masculine aux rayonnements ionisants sur le délai nécessaire pour concevoir une grossesse et sur le risque de fausse-couche spontanée". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11TO47.
Texto completo da fonteBoissière, Arnaud. "Contribution "K" à l'effet biologique des rayonnements ionisants". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006928.
Texto completo da fonteBERTIN, FEURGARD CATHERINE. "Effets des rayonnements ionisants sur les lipoproteines plasmatiques". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066414.
Texto completo da fonteMaclot, Sylvain. "Stabilité de systèmes complexes d'intérêt biologique sous rayonnements ionisants". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2061.
Texto completo da fonteLanduzzi, Fabio. "Phénomènes moléculaires dans l’endommagement de l’ADN par rayonnements ionisants". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I085/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is dedicated to a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of the structure and dynamics of two common types of defects occurring in the DNA molecule, after chemical or radiation damage: basemismatches and strand breaks. We used single-molecule force spectroscopy performed by optical tweezers accompanied by Molecular Dynamics (MD) all-atom simulations, to characterize mismatches in short DNA hairpins. We demonstrate that it is possible to use SMFS. Subsequently, we designed structural models for the DNA strand-break defects, in the two key constitutive elements of the chromatin: the DNA linker and the nucleosome. Using different techniques (Essential Dynamics, steered MD, covariant mechanical stress, …) we characterized the early stages of the evolution of this DNA lesion in the two elements
SCHULZ, AGNES. "Sterilisation par rayonnements ionisants des aliments pour nutrition enterale". Strasbourg 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR15043.
Texto completo da fonteHadchity, Élie. "Développement d'une stratégie de radiosensibilisation par inhibition de l'expression de la proteine de choc thermique HSP27 dans un modèle cellulaire et préclinique de carcinome épidermoÏde de la tête et du cou". Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10014.
Texto completo da fonteThe overexpression of heat shock protein HSP27, observed in many types of cancers, is associated with tumor aggressiveness and thus poor prognosis. HSP27 presents a key role in tumorigenesis and, by interfering at different stages of the apoptotic process, is also involved in the resistance to anti-cancer treatments. Inhibition of its expression in combination with radiation treatment represents a potential therapeutic strategy. In the radioresistant SQ20B head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line, we showed that the inhibition of HSP27 expression by antisense or RNA interference led to a sensitization of cells to gamma-irradiation. The mechanisms involved the activation of apoptotic and clonogenic cell death and the inhibition of the Akt survival pathway. Sensitization to irradiation was confirmed in two other radioresistant tumor cell lines, PC3 (prostate cancer) and U87 (glioblastoma). The preclinical validation of this new strategy has been carried out on nude mice bearing heterotopic xenografts of SQ20B cells. The intra-peritoneal injection of OGX-427 (antisense oligonucleotide targeting HSP27) combined with local tumor irradiation induced a significant decrease of tumor evolution, proportional to radiation dose (10 or 30 Gy), and enhanced the mice survival. Histological studies showed a high induction of apoptosis associated with a decrease of intratumoral glutathione levels as well as of angiogenesis. Treatment with OGX427, alone or combined with radiation, showed no apparent toxicity or damage of vital organs. These results suggest that HSP27 therapy may represent a potential adjuvant in the treatment of HNSCC cancers and other radioresistant tumors
Gessinn, Frédéric. "Dosimètres M. O. S. De rayonnements ionisants : sensibilité et stabilité". Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0008.
Texto completo da fonteBruno, Alain. "Effets cellulaires des rayonnements ionisants sur les cellules hématopoïétiques immatures". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T021.
Texto completo da fonteUsing cell lines representative of hemopoietic differentiation, we showed that immature hemopoietic CD34+ cells are less sensitive to ionizing radiation than mature CD34- cells. Ln immature cells, ionizing radiation activate apoptotic cell death related to neutra! sphingomyelinase stimulation responsible for nuclear sphingomyelin hydrolysis and nuclear ceramide generation. Ln CD34+ cells, ionizing radiation do not produce neither ceramide nor apoptosis, and activate delayed reproductive cell death (mitotic cell death). These results suggest that nuclear neutra! sphingomyelinase plays a pivotai role in the cellular response of ionizing radiation. Ln a second part, we tried to determine the mecanisms responsible for negative regulation of nuclear sphingomyelinase in CD34+ cells. We first considered nuclear proteolytic events. Thus, we provided evidences for the presence of the serine-protease, Granzyme B, in the nucleus of CD34+ cells. We showed that ionizing radiation up-regulates Granzyme B expression both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of these cells. This overexpression is not responsible for the lack of apoptotic response of CD34+ cells to ionizing radiation. Lnterestingly, we observed that Granzyme B overexpression confers a potent cytotoxic ability to these cells towards target cell lines of myeloid and lymphoid origin. Our results suggest that when irradiated, CD34+ cells acquire cytotoxic potential toward cells of the medullar environment. Conversely, in cytotoxic T lymphocytes, ionizing radiation triggers down-regulation of Granzyme B expression correlated with the loss of cytotoxic function. These results suggest immunosuppressor effects of ionizing radiation, related to their capacity to modulate Granzyme B expression
GROMOVA, MARINA. "Effet direct des rayonnements ionisants sur l'adn et ses constituants". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10263.
Texto completo da fonteAlhelou, Nissrine. "Etude de verres pour la dosimétrie fibrée de rayonnements ionisants". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R032/document.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, existing dosimeters are insufficient for monitoring and control of ionizing radiation in all configurations and especially in severe environments. In optical dosimetry, fiber systems allow to provide a real-time response to relatively low dose rates, making possible some measurements in hard-to-reach places with interesting spatial resolution. This work consisted in the study of sol-gel silica glasses doped with ionic copper or cerium, with the aim of using them in a dosimetry device. These glasses have been characterized by different spectroscopic techniques before and after irradiations. In the case of Cu-doped glasses, after X or γ irradiation (1 MGy), the defects HC1, HC2 and E' have been identified. As for Ce-doped glasses, they are more resistant and remain colorless, even after a dose of 8.8 MGy under X. Measurements of the optical response from the samples under X-rays were carried out using a fibered device. For Cu-doped glasses, radioluminescence (RL) sensitivity covers dose rates ranging from 0.25 to at least 800 mGy/s and the linearity of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) has been demonstrated in the range 40 mGy-200 Gy. Ce-doped glasses are more efficient in terms of linearity. Indeed, for this dopant, RL and OSL signals are linear up to 1.2 Gy/s and 500 Gy, respectively. Short-term OSL fading was observed before stabilization of the signal. The obtained results show that these doped glasses are of great interest for fibered dosimetry of ionizing radiations
Alhelou, Nissrine. "Etude de verres pour la dosimétrie fibrée de rayonnements ionisants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR032.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, existing dosimeters are insufficient for monitoring and control of ionizing radiation in all configurations and especially in severe environments. In optical dosimetry, fiber systems allow to provide a real-time response to relatively low dose rates, making possible some measurements in hard-to-reach places with interesting spatial resolution. This work consisted in the study of sol-gel silica glasses doped with ionic copper or cerium, with the aim of using them in a dosimetry device. These glasses have been characterized by different spectroscopic techniques before and after irradiations. In the case of Cu-doped glasses, after X or γ irradiation (1 MGy), the defects HC1, HC2 and E' have been identified. As for Ce-doped glasses, they are more resistant and remain colorless, even after a dose of 8.8 MGy under X. Measurements of the optical response from the samples under X-rays were carried out using a fibered device. For Cu-doped glasses, radioluminescence (RL) sensitivity covers dose rates ranging from 0.25 to at least 800 mGy/s and the linearity of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) has been demonstrated in the range 40 mGy-200 Gy. Ce-doped glasses are more efficient in terms of linearity. Indeed, for this dopant, RL and OSL signals are linear up to 1.2 Gy/s and 500 Gy, respectively. Short-term OSL fading was observed before stabilization of the signal. The obtained results show that these doped glasses are of great interest for fibered dosimetry of ionizing radiations
LEBLANC, GARMENICK. "Revelation des preferences et modelisation du comportement face au risque radiologique : un reexamen de la valeur monetaire de l'homme-sievert". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0024.
Texto completo da fonteThe research deals with the methods of elicitation of individual and collective preferences concerning risks perception, aversion towards the dispersion of risks, the willingness to pay for a reduction in health risks due to the exposure to ionizing radiations. A questionnaire for the elicitation of preferences has been designed in a view to perform a survey among engineers from the nuclear field. The results have been analyzed statistically and econometrically in order to evaluate the parameters of the system of radiological risk management. The protection of workers against deleterious effects due to ionizing radiations is based on a cost-benefit analysis of radiation protection options. The research which has been conducted in the framework of occupational exposures shows that the monetary valuation of the avoided detriment is based on an expected utility model, but the approach could be generalized with a dichotomic model (like a rank-dependent expected utility model) for the management of other situations of exposure to ionizing radiations
Guignabert, Christophe. "Balance gélatinases/TIMP & agressions pulmonaires par radiomimétique et rayonnements ionisants". Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002535240204611&vid=upec.
Texto completo da fonteIn the present work, we investigated the potential role of an epithelial imbalance between gelatinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in pulmonary dysfunction resulting from ionizing radiation (IR) and radiomimetic chemical (sulfur mustard) toxicity. First, with the use of an in vivo model of sulfur mustard intoxication, our results support a role for gelatinases in sulfur mustard-induced respiratory lesions. They also suggest that doxycycline (MMPs inhibitor) may hold promise as a therapeutic tool. Second, after exposure of primary culture of alveolar epithelial cells to IRs, we have also reported an in vitro gelatinase-TIMPs imbalance. We tested the implication of these increased gelatinase activity in the epithelial permeability. Our results failed to demonstrate a role for MMPs in the γ radiation-induced decrease in trans-epithelial permeability, but they suggest that this phenomenom may be due in part to the alteration of the actin cytoskeleton network
Evrard, Anne-Sophie. "Exposition environnementale aux rayonnements ionisants et risque de leucémie chez l'enfant". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T003.
Texto completo da fonteAmari, Smaïl. "Etude des matériaux pérovskites pour la détection directe des rayonnements ionisants". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI039.
Texto completo da fonteThe hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite MAPbBr3 is a promising semiconductor for X-ray detection applications. Photodetection in the energy range used in medical radiography requires a high material thickness (> 500 µm). The main objective of this work was to study the impact of solution growth conditions of millimeter thick crystals on crystal defects (strains, dislocations, inclusions, and impurities). In this context, we set up an original methodology for the rapid optimization of growth conditions based on growth mechanisms and growth kinetics monitoring. The growth conditions used enabled us to produce crystals covering a wide range of crystal defects. The impact of these defects on the electronic properties of MAPbBr3 single crystal X-ray detector devices was studied. It appears that strains, dislocations, impurities, and nanoscopic solvent inclusions have little impact on the resistivity and sensitivity of the detectors. On the other hand, a high density of micrometric inclusions tends to significantly degrade the electronic properties of the devices
Balian, Pierre. "Dosimétrie des rayonnements ionisants : nouveaux résultats dans le domaine du mégagray". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112411.
Texto completo da fonteBalian, Pierre. "Dosimétrie des rayonnements ionisants nouveaux résultats dans le domaine du Magagray /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611550r.
Texto completo da fonteGuignabert, Christophe Ortho Marie-Pia d'. "Balance gélatinases/TIMP & agressions pulmonaires par radiomimétique et rayonnements ionisants". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0253524.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteVersion électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
Huber, Gresser Virginie Petiet Guy. "Pathologie professionnelle liée aux rayonnements ionisants à propos de 7 observations /". [S.l] : [s.n], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2004_HUBER_GRESSER_VIRGINIE.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAnfré, Philippe. "Localisation des interactions de rayonnements ionisants sur des fibres monocristallines scintillatrices". Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10137.
Texto completo da fonteThe coupling between a scintillation crystal and a photodetector has become common in the fied of the detection of high energy particles (medical imaging, high-energy physics, etc. ). The apparition of new crystal growth systems allow the developpement fiber-chaped crystals (whose dimensions are from a few micrometers to a millimeter in diameters and above one decimetre in length). This unusual shape can be used for new types of detectors (with two photodetectors set on both sides of the fiber), more accurate and faster. The purpose of this thesis was to study the potential of this new type of detector. The first part of this report summarizes the differents methods of single inorganic crystal growth, as well as current knowledge on the whole process of scintillation. A second chapter presents the results we have obtained in the study of a detector using a fiber-chaped crystal. The third chapter is devoted to the understanding of physical and optical phenomena (scintillation, light propagation in the fiber, absorption) that occur during the detection process. A final section presents the results on a new configuration detector : one does not detect anymore gamma photons but alpha particles, and one studies the influence of the particle nature on the detection process
Girard, Nina. "Impact des rayonnements ionisants sur les films plastiques utilisés pour des applications biopharmaceutiques et biotechnologiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0254.
Texto completo da fonteSingle-use plastic bags are intended for the biopharmaceutical industries for the storage, transport or mixing of biopharmaceutical solutions. These systems are made from multilayer polymer films and sterilized by gamma irradiation. The current healthcare context leads to a strong growth in the manufacture of products for the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, there are concerns about the capacity to sterilize by gamma irradiation in the future years to come. Two alternative methods such as electron beam irradiation and X-ray irradiation are then considered to be used as additional methods to gamma sterilization. The impact of gamma irradiation on two types of multilayer polymer films PE/EVOH/PE and EVA/EVOH /EVA is deeply studied. The aim of this thesis is to study the impact of electron beam and X-ray irradiations on these plastic films and to compare these results with those obtained by gamma irradiation, the most widespread irradiation modality. The irradiated samples were characterized using various analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, oxygen and water vapor permeability tests, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results show that the three types of radiation have similar effects: same types of radicals are generated and there is no change in the structure and composition of polymers, whatever the film. The results show that gamma irradiation and X-ray irradiation have the same impact on properties and characteristics studied, while the electron beam shows a lower impact on oxidation phenomena
Vit, Jean-Philippe. "Réponse apoptotique aux radiations ionisantes : intégration de voies de signalisation induites indépendamment par les lésions de l'ADN et les dommages membranaires". Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05S023.
Texto completo da fonteDuring their life, cells are subject to genotoxic aggressions by physical or chemical agents that are, but also to endogenous cellular stress. DNA damage are able to induce signals determinating the cell fate. However, more and more evidences show that damages induced out of the nucleus have an important role for the initiation of others signals involved in the cell outcome. The field of this thesis is apoptosis, one among the radio-induced cellular processes. The disease used in this work as a main model is ataxia telangiectasia. . .
Origlio, Giusy. "Properties and radiation response of optical fibers : role of dopants". Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET4021.
Texto completo da fonteLa recherche menée dans ces trois années de doctorat a porté sur la caractérisation des différentes fibres optiques de silice dopée et leur réponse suite à une exposition aux rayonnements ionisants. La thèse comporte 4 parties. Partie I : vue d'ensemble des technologies en fibres, le dopant utilisé et les défauts les plus importants dans les matériaux qui composent les fibres. Partie II : description de la partie expérimentale et exposition de la préparation ad hoc de préformes en fibres et « canonique » dopées Ge, F et P et des systèmes instrumentaux qui ont permis d'effectuer les nouvelles études de la dépendance spatiale des pics Raman et de PL non seulement dans les préformes mais aussi directement dans les fibres. Partie III : résultats et discussion sur les échantillons dopés Ge. Partie IV : résultats et discussion sur les échantillons F et P. Une partie importante du travail couvre les défauts de préformes et de fibres de silice dopée avec Ge. Pour les centres liés au Ge, la principale innovation est l'étude simultanée de différentes concentrations de germanium dans une seule préforme ou fibre en utilisant les techniques spectroscopiques de résolution spatiale. Cela a permis d'exclure une grand partie des incertitudes liées aux fluctuations pendant la préparation de différentes préformes. Pour les verres dopés au fluor, les mesures sur les préformes et fibre avec différentes concentrations de F ont confirmé la dépendance des concentrations de strained bond du dopant et ont prouvé une bonne résistance au rayonnement du verre dopé avec F. Dans le cas du phosphore, les données de littérature sont beaucoup moins nombreuses par rapport à la silice dopée avec Ge ou F. Dans les échantillons dopés phosphore on a détecté une bande de photoluminescence pas précédemment décrite et on a mesuré les spectres d'excitation et le temps de vie. Il a été conclu que cette nouvelle bande d'émission est due à la luminescence de triplet d'un défaut de diamagnétique due au phosphore
Torres, R. Martins Maria Berta. "Contribution à l'étude des remaniements chromosomiques induits par les rayonnements ionisants : effets à long terme". Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA12A058.
Texto completo da fonteNadal, Brice. "Synthèse et Evaluation de nouveau agents de protection contre les rayonnements ionisants". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447089.
Texto completo da fonteVentura, Aude. "Polymères sous rayonnements ionisants : étude des transferts d'énergie vers les défauts d'irradiation". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00950232.
Texto completo da fonteMilia, Julia. "Implication de RhoB dans les mécanismes cellulaires de réponse aux rayonnements ionisants". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/837/.
Texto completo da fonteRadiotherapy efficiency on cerebral tumors is limited by their poor sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Previous work in the laboratory have shown the role of the small GTPase RhoB and more specifically its farnesylated form in the cellular resistance to Ionizing radiation. The aim of this study is to elucidate cellular pathways leading to this protector effect. To do so we have overexpressed RhoB-F in a fibroblastic murine model sensitive to Ionizing radiation and also inhibited RhoB by RNA interference in radioresistants glioblastoma cells (U87). We demonstrate that RhoB induce a protector effect in this two cellular models controlling the mitotic cell death pathway, G2M arrest and overduplication of the centrosomes all induced by Ionizing radiation. This work identify a new biological pathway controlling the tumoral radioresistance and could lead to the discovery of new inhibitors that could potentially increase the radiotherapy efficiency in clinical protocols
Petitfils, Aurélie. "Propriétés thermoluminescentes du diamant CVD : applications à la dosimétrie des rayonnements ionisants". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/44/.
Texto completo da fonteRemarkable properties of synthetic diamond (human soft tissue equivalence, chemical stability, non-toxicity) make this material suitable for medical application as thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). This work highlights the interest of this material as radiotherapy TLD. In the first stage of this work, we looked after thermoluminescent (TL) and dosimetric properties of polycristalline diamond made by Chemically Vapor Deposited (CVD) synthesis. Dosimetric characteristics are satisfactory as TLD for medical application. Luminescence thermal quenching on diamond has been investigated. This phenomenon leads to a decrease of dosimetric TL peak sensitivity when the heating rate increases. The second part of this work analyses the use of synthetic diamond as TLD in radiotherapy. Dose profiles, depth dose distributions and the cartography of an electron beam obtained with our samples are in very good agreement with results from an ionisation chamber. It is clearly shown that CVD) diamond is of interest to check beams of treatment accelerators. The use of these samples in a control of treatment with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy underlines good response of synthetic diamond in high dose gradient areas. These results indicate that CVD diamond is a promising material for radiotherapy dosimetry
Ventura, Aude. "Polymères sous rayonnements ionisants : étude des transferts d’énergie vers les défauts d’irradiation". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2048.
Texto completo da fonteRadiation-induced defects created in polymers submitted to ionizing radiations, under inert atmosphere, present the same trend as a function of the dose. When the absorbed dose increases, their concentration increase then level off. This behavior can be assigned to energy transfers from the polymer to the previously created macromolecular defects; the latter acting as energy sinks. During this thesis, we aimed to specify the influence of a given defect, namely the trans-vinylene, in the behavior of polyethylene under ionizing radiations. For this purpose, we proposed a new methodology based on the specific insertion, at various concentrations, of trans-vinylene groups in the polyethylene backbone through chemical synthesis. This enables to get rid of the variety of created defects on one hand and on the simultaneity of their creation on the other hand. Modified polyethylenes, containing solely trans-vinylene as odd groups, were irradiated under inert atmosphere, using either low LET beams () or high LET beams (swift heavy ions). During irradiations, both macromolecular defects and H2 emission were quantified. According to experimental results, among all defects, the influence of the trans-vinylene on the behavior of polyethylene is predominant
Gremy, Olivier. "Caractérisation et modulation pharmacologique de l'inflammation intestinale induite par les rayonnements ionisants". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0030.
Texto completo da fonteLa radiothérapie des tumeurs abdomino-pelviennes entraîne souvent des effets secondaires précoces dus à des dommages muqueux intestinaux auxquels participe l'inflammation, au niveau de tissus sains. A partir d'un modèle rat d'irradiation colorectale fractionnée, nous avons montré la mise en place progressive d'une inflammation colique au cours du protocole, en absence de lésions tissulaires patentes. Par irradiation unique abdominale, l'inflammation de la muqueuse iléale est associée à un déséquilibre de la balance immunitaire Th1/Th2 en faveur d'un profil de type 2. L'administration aux rats d'un immunomodulateur, l'ester de phénetyl acide caféique, limite l'inflammation radio-induite et l'établissement radio-induit du profil Th2. D'autre part, nous avons démontré que le traitement prophylactique de rats irradiés au niveau de l'abdomen à l'aide d'un ligand agoniste de PPAR, l'acide 5-aminosalicylique, atténue le développement d'une inflammation colique radio-induite
Eschenbrenner, Anne. "Nature des cassures de l'ADN responsables des effets biologiques des rayonnements ionisants". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066135.
Texto completo da fonteNadal, Brice. "Synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux agents de protection contre les rayonnements ionisants". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112189.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is devoted to the synthesis of new pulvinic acid derivatives and the evaluation of their antioxidant and radioprotective properties. This study has been conducted with the aim to develop new protecting agents against ionizing radiations. A new access to pulvinic acid derivatives was developed starting from L-dimethyl tartrate. It is based on a Dieckmann cyclization a dehydratation and a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. It allows a short effective preparation of various pulvinic acid derivated : tetronic acid derivatives, monosubstituted pulvinic acid derivatives and methyl pulvinates. A modified method has been used to prepare pulvinones. This strategy gave access in four steps to the desired pulvinones. The rapidity of this method is provided by a tandem process, carried out in the final step, involving a Dieckmann cyclization and a β-elimination. A synthesis of 3-aryltetramic acids has also been developed in order to prepare nitrogen derivatives of pulvinic acid. The antioxidant activity of the prepared compounds was then evaluated using various tests : DPPH, ABTS, protection of thymidine and DNA study of lipid peroxidation. These evaluations allowed to define interesting structure-activity relationships of pulvinic derivatives. They have shown that several derivatives have very good antioxidant activities. Finally, radioprotective tests on TK6 cells and mice have have been performed on selected compounds
Addi, Djamel. "Réalisation d'un dispositif destiné à l'étude de l'émission exoélectronique thermostimulée entre 77 et 675K : caractérisation d'un phénomène de phototransfert dans l'alumine alpha". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30195.
Texto completo da fonteRiom, Nicolas. "Analyse de la réponse de progéniteurs myéloïdes clonogènes murins à des rayonnements mixtes γ-neutron de caractéristiques physiques variables : contribution à la réalisation de cartes des dommages hématopoïétiques chez l'homme en situation d'accident radiologique". Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120076.
Texto completo da fonteSchwendenmann, Grégory. "Étude de l'écoulement des bétons autoplaçants dans les coffrages à l'aide de la métrologie des rayonnements ionisants". Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0213.
Texto completo da fonteSelf compacting concretes (SCC) are particularly fluid. Thanks to this characteristic, they are set by a simple gravity effect without vibration. This leads to many advantages : savings thanks to an easy and fast setting, which save time and reduce tiresome work and noise pollution, etc. . . But SCC is a new material and it is important to know its specifications, in order to avoid disappointments due to a false use. The purpose of this thesis has been a development of measuring instruments so as to study SCC during its setting into the formworks. Methods using ionising rays, which allows very precise measures with a non-distroying manner for the fluid or hardened concrete, have been applied to the SCC study on behalf of the Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA, Sarclay). The developped instruments have made possible to measure the characteristics from a micronic scale to the pluricentimetric scale. Several measures have been made : SCC has been studied within different conditions in laboratory and in situ, thanks to the partnership established with the Projet National Béton Autoplaçant (PN B@P). The results have allowed a better knowlegde of the SCC settings conditions, its behaviour during setting in the formworks and the effects on its characteristics at the hardened state. Thanks to the results realised within this research study, it is now known how thick the oil film sediment on the formwork face, the concrete composition next to the formwork face and the variations in the structure according to the composition and the setting conditions. The contribution of these measuring instruments is interesting to bring light into the dark for the actual knowledge
Roch, Martine. "Simulation des effets physiques et chimiques des rayonnements ionisants au niveau de l'ADN". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30219.
Texto completo da fonteSaigné, Frédéric. "Une nouvelle approche de la sélection des composants de type mos pour l'environnement radiatif spatial". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20218.
Texto completo da fonteEon, Séverine. "Effets des radiations ionisantes sur un complexe ADN-protéine : le complexe entre l'opérateur LAC et le répresseur LAC". Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2024.
Texto completo da fonteSohier, Till. "Nouvelle approche de la dosimétrie des rayonnements ionisants par mesure de fluorescence, selon la technique du comptage de photon unique, corrélé en temps, à l’échelle nanoseconde". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6139.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this study relies on a new approach of the ionizing radiation dosimetry through fluorescence measurement. We showed the existence of a correlation between the dose received by a scintillator and the quantity of light emitted using the time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) method. From a fundamental point of view, we described the different processes taking place when a medium is irradiated, leading to fluorescence emission. We used Voltz’s theory, which explains the temporal evolution of this emission. This theory describes the light emission as an addition of two processes, a fast and a delayed component. During this study an experimental multimodal platform was developed allowing us to acquire innovative data about fluorescence emission intensity under different linear energy transfer. This platform allows us to study the delayed fluorescence mechanisms, at a nanosecond timescale and at different temperatures, under continuous irradiation. From a dosimetric point of view, we demonstrated that the TCSPC method provide a better spatial resolution in the dose measurement, within the hadrontherapy frame, than that of the conventional method. . A dosimeter prototype was also developed during this study based on scintillating optic fibers. Satisfactory results were obtained motivating us to use the prototype for medical X and gamma radiation dosimetry
Coelho, David. "Rôle des caspases dans l'apoptose induite par différents types de radiations ionisantes dans des lignées lymphoblastoi͏̈des humaines et des splénocytes murins". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13088.
Texto completo da fonteVantorre-Defoort, Brigitte. "Polymérisation sous rayonnement ionisant d'une résine acrylique pour matériaux composites : étude cinétique et modélisation". Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-273.pdf.
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