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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Environmental protection – great britain"
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Jollibekova, I. B. "FOREIGN COOPERATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN". CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 03, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-03-12-02.
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This article discusses foreign cooperation in environmental protection of the republic of Karakalpakstan. The process of realizing the international strategic goals of the recovery and development of the Aral Sea and the recovery of the Aral Sea from its natural and socio-economic crisis is highlighted. On October 2-5, 1990, the international symposium "Island crisis: causes and conclusion" was organized in Nukus [1]. More than 200 specialists and scientists from the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, Germany, Spain, and China participated. International organizations such as UN, UNICEF, World Health Organization, UNEP (UN Environmental Protection Program) appealed to the world community to "provide emergency aid to save the lives of children in the Aral Sea region and declare this area an ecological disaster zone."
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Goldie, H. S. "The legal protection of limestone pavements in Great Britain". Environmental Geology 21, n.º 3 (junho de 1993): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00775300.
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Andrusenko, Sergey P. "A comparative study of the formation of doctrinal directions of the institution of legal protection of crime victims in the USA and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". RUDN Journal of Law 27, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 1028–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-4-1028-1042.
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The United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have a long history of forming and developing legal protection of the rights of crime victims, which is based on the recognition of state responsibility for the failure to protect society from crime and provision of comprehensive support to crime victims, including compensation, benefits, medical care, social services, support of specialized public organizations. At the same time, the norms of public law regulating state compensation for harm to victims of crime are important. In fact, a study of the leading legal institutions of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which has accumulated positive regulatory and legal experience in ensuring the rights of crime victims and their legal protection, which can be perceived as legislative novelties in the Russian Federation, is indicative. The relevance of the topic is also conditioned by the social significance of the issue of legal protection of the rights of crime victims, as well as the legal reality that has developed in the Russian Federation in the field of legislative regulation of the status of victims of criminal offenses, which directly affects the right to compensation for harm caused to them.
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Abaikyzy, Moldir, Lazzat K. Yerkinbayeva, Kulyash N. Aidarkhanova, Gulnar T. Aigarinova e Nurzhan S. Baimbetov. "The Formation of Land Conservation Principles as the Framework for the Implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development of Society". International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 15, n.º 8 (22 de dezembro de 2020): 1231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150809.
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The development of land legislation in the context of globalisation, the desire of countries to more widely implement global and European standards of environmental policies, as well as the interest in the experience of legislative solutions to problems connected with the design and development of legal institutions in environmental protection in foreign countries, determine the relevance of this study. The purpose of the paper is to identify the main problems of land protection legislation and form on their basis the effective system of environmental regulation, combining administrative and legislative instruments with economic, regulatory and market mechanisms. Analysis of international legal acts is used as the leading research method. Considered the positive experience of legal regulation of the land issue of such democratic states as the USA, Great Britain, and Germany and other developed countries. The authors propose to introduce the Concept for the Protection of Lands from Pollution by Hazardous Substances, as well as the development and adoption of regional and national programs in which a separate section should address issues of land protection from pollution by hazardous substances. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need to integrate the land legislation industry into national environmental legislation.
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Kaptsov, V. A., e A. V. Chirkin. "Requirements to respiratory protection for workers (World practices reviewed)". Health Risk Analysis, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2020): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.21.eng.
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A great number of workplaces in Russia do not conform to sanitary-hygienic requirements and it results in wide use of personal respiratory protective equipment (PRPE). Choice on such equipment and its application are not regulated by the existing legislation in the RF in great detail as it is the case in developed countries. As a result, employers apply PRPE that is not efficient enough, or such equipment is not used properly, and it leads to diseases occurrence. Our research goal was to reveal requirements to PRPE application which, when met, would reduce risks for workers’ life and health as greatly as it is only possible. Our research object was personal respiratory protective equipment (PRPE). We compared requirements to selecting and applying PRPE in the USA, Australia, Great Britain, Canada, and West Germany and also took into account requirement and experts’ recommendations existing in several other countries. When comparing, we tried to focus on key elements that determined whether PRPE applied in due time was able to prevent exposure to air contamination. Such key elements included choice on PRPE suitable for work under extremely hazardous conditions; permissible application of PRPE with different structure (expected protective efficiency); individual selection and testing whether a mask is fit for a face; timely replacement of respirator filters; requirements to skills of workers and their supervisors. Our research revealed that results of PRPE application and requirements fixed for employers were most comprehensively estimated and well-grounded in the USA. The most favorable situation with quality and availability of materials on how to select and apply PRPE for workers, specialists, and supervisors is also in the USA. Results obtained via the performed comparison allow recommending US Standard 29 CFR 1910.134 as a basis for developing similar requirements in Russia.
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Kolomiets, A. G. "Innovations and protection of property rights in the era of radical economic transformations". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 9 (28 de setembro de 2018): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-9-95-113.
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Formation of the ecosystem of knowledge economy assumes creation of necessary institutional conditions. The most important elements of these conditions are property rights and mechanisms of their security. The paper discusses the questions of formation of institutional prerequisites of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain and claims that the evolution of property land rights (land during a pre-industrial era was the basic common resource) provided exclusivity of the rights of large landowners. It also shows the importance in this process of the English educated and ruling class with its ideological and moral traditions, which were marked by the emphasis on individualism and subjectivity. It is concluded that one needs to carefully treat the recommendations based on the experience of the Industrial Revolution. In the knowledge economy, the efficient use of common resources (the main of them being information) for creating innovations involves the development of the distributed property rights system and its protection.
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Zolotar, A. S. "USING THE GLOBALIZATION EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN UKRAINE". National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, n.º 1(57) (31 de maio de 2023): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2023.1(57).280830.
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In this scientific article, the author examines modern trends in the development of intellectual potential and protection of intellectual property based on the globalization experience of the world's leading countries – the USA, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden and France. The author focuses on the fact that their positive experience can be used by Ukraine, because the intellectual potential and the system of protection of intellectual rights in our country in the conditions of globalization and dynamic development of information technologies are exposed to much greater risks and threats, and the current legislation has long since not covered the necessary spectrum legal regulation of intellectual property relations. In particular, the experience of the USA can be useful in the formation of reliable legislative regulation, the creation of an effective Strategy for the development of Ukrainian intellectual property for the coming years, the establishment of stricter responsibility and control over the observance of intellectual property rights. The benefit of Great Britain's experience can be obtained if we go the way of establishing partnership and cooperation of our country in the investigated area, as well as establishing a tougher penalty for violations in this area. It is also appropriate to borrow the conceptual foundations of combating crime in the field of intellectual property, to develop plans for its prevention and countermeasures. The German experience will be useful in the following aspects: borrowing the desire for reliable and simple legislation, establishing an open type of relations between the state in the form of its authorized bodies that conduct their activities in the field of intellectual property, with citizens (right holders) in the information field, increasing educational and innovative level of development of the population of Ukraine. The use of Swedish experience may take place when borrowing Swedish technologies for the protection of intellectual property, in particular, the use of blockchain technology. The French practice of dynamic and innovative updating of legislative acts can be useful in the process of revising and modernizing the national legislation of Ukraine.
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Rzhevska, Nina, e Tetiana Melnyk. "Ensuring Environmental Safety: The Global Experience and Ukrainian Perspectives". Language Culture Politics International Journal 1, n.º 1/2023 (23 de novembro de 2023): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.54515/lcp.2023.1.285-306.
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This article presents the environmental component as one of the extremely important components of national security, which is a state of natural objects protection, as well as the protection of human life and health from environmental threats, where all components of the natural environment are optimal for the normal functioning and development of human civilization. One of the important tasks of ensuring environmental safety is to guarantee a population's livelihood in a technogenically safe and ecologically clean world. This is why concern about the state of the environment grows every year, and the need to integrate environmental policy with security measures remains a priority for world leaders. In the leading states of the world, such as the USA, Germany, Great Britain and France, environmental safety is considered as one of the main areas of environmental policy implementation. In particular,a "Green Deal" is currently being implemented in the European Union which will help the EU become the world's first climate-neutral continent by 2050. It is important that the Ukrainian state faces not the simple, but the obvious and important task of ensuring and restoring its environmental security. In order to transform environmental safety to high standards and become an example of a country that can rebuild its environmental sector in a post-war period, Ukraine needs to develop the following priority directions in the environmental sector: reforming state management in the field of environmental protection, compliance with climate policy, effective waste management, reasonable use of natural resources, and conservation of natural ecosystems and biodiversity. With the introduction of such reforms as part of a comprehensive climate policy, including ecological safety, reform of the regulation of industrial pollution, effective waste management, the rational use of natural resources, ecological management so as to preserve the landscape and biological diversity, effective state management in the field of environmental protection, environmental control and establishing legal responsibility thereof, and comprehensive environmental monitoring, Ukraine will be able to transform its environmental safety to high standards and become an example of a country that was able to rebuild its environmental sector in a post-war period.
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Neilson, I. D. "Vehicle Safety—a Review for 1993". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 207, n.º 2 (abril de 1993): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_169_02.
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The decreases in road accident casualties in Great Britain and other European countries should not obscure the likelihood that numbers will increase in the long term unless vehicle speeds are reduced at potential danger spots. There is also the need to take whatever safety measures are available. The Thirteenth International Experimental Safety Vehicles Conference in Paris at the end of 1991 provided an opportunity to review the technical progress that has recently been made towards improved vehicle safety measures. This paper attempts to review much of the work presented to the conference and to suggest the best way forward for many aspects of vehicle safety. These range from accident studies to developments in vehicle control and handling, protection for the legs of motorcyclists, the opportunity for introducing measures to protect pedestrians and the latest advances in the protection for car occupants. Overall the need is seen to develop vehicle safety measures rapidly to permit the introduction of environmental restrictions on vehicle fuel consumption and design without cancelling the advances being made in casualty reduction.
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Spence, Nicola. "Implementation of the GB Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy 2014–2019 with foresight on a new strategy for 2020". Outlook on Agriculture 49, n.º 1 (27 de fevereiro de 2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727020906831.
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Plants have an essential role in addressing the great social and environmental challenges of our time. However, the risk from invasive plant pests and pathogens is also significant and constantly growing as a result of increasing globalisation and environmental change. The UK’s plant health regime aims to manage that risk to protect the enormous value of plants and trees; from the value of crops and forestry products to ecosystem services and societal benefits. The implementation of the Great Britain Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy 2014–2019 is described, including the risk-based approach to protecting the plants and trees, and the approaches being taken to manage different kinds of risks, including import controls, management of threats once established, preparedness, utilising citizen science and awareness raising. Looking ahead, there is foresight on a new strategy for 2020 including building a world-class biosecurity regime, which delivers a step change in plant health protections, allows our plant-based industries to thrive and acknowledges the value that healthy plants contribute to society and the environment. International Year of Plant Health 2020 provides a unique opportunity to raise the profile of plant health globally.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Environmental protection – great britain"
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McMahon, Robert Kieran. "Bureaucratic motivations : an examination of motivations in the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Environment Agency for England and Wales". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:49d505fd-475f-4064-8591-0052c83d902a.
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This thesis examines the motivations of bureaucrats in two government agencies: the Environmental Protection Agency in the US, and the Environment Agency for England and Wales. The model employed in this work is a Trifocal Model which utilises Rational Choice, Institutional and Cultural approaches in answering the thesis question. The aim of this work is two-fold: one aim is to explain motivations in two agencies; the second aim is to suggest why the existing literature in the field of bureaucracy often fails to capture the diversity of bureaucratic motivations. The claim is that the adherence to one particular paradigmatic approach prevents scholars from attaining a comprehensive understanding of motivations. This work focuses on two elements of the Trifocal Approach, namely institutional and cultural explanations. Rational Choice explanations are given a limited explanatory role in this work, in large part because of the restricted usefulness of an approach which takes the preferences of agents as given. This thesis uses a scientific approach to the analysis of qualitative data, allowing other researchers to make use of, and indeed to question, the findings presented below. The argument in this thesis suggests why scholars must pay more attention to what those people within bureaucracies tell us about themselves and their motivations. To take the preferences of agents as givens is to ignore much of what is most important about the study of politics that is, where preferences come from, and how they shape the political behaviour we observe in bureaucracies. This thesis will show that public sector reforms are often flawed, often failing to consider the interplay of cultural and institutional effects, and how these effects have a bearing on the motivations of staff in organisations undergoing reform. Furthermore, cultural and institutional factors must be considered whenever one considers the question what is it that motivates bureaucrats.
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Proctor, Iain. "Linking biodiversity with environmental drivers and pressures in Great Britain". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6641/.
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This thesis describes the original and significant development of a hierarchical statistical framework in order to realign fine-scale spatial covariate data. An example of the utilisation of this framework is given within the context of biodiversity modelling. Biodiversity is of utmost importance to the correct functioning of ecosystems and the provision of services vital to humanity. Understanding of the impacts on biodiversity by environmental drivers and pressures can help appropriate responses to be taken, to mitigate, halt or reverse damage to habitats. Therefore, linking biodiversity measures with explanatory covariates in statistical models can help understand these relationships and the extent to which certain drivers and pressures are responsible for environmental change. When modelling biodiversity, the scale at which the variables are measured should be considered. Where data are measured at different scales, a situation of misalignment arises. Misaligned data may be subject to measurement error, which can influence the resultant model, if the data are not realigned. In order to realign covariate data, two transformation approaches can be implemented. The first method is to aggregate the response data to the level of the explanatory covariates. The second method is to downscale the covariate data to the response locations. This realignment process is more complex than aggregation of the response, since it requires the uncertainty estimation of the downscaled covariate predictions. The developed framework has possible further applications in fine-scale uncertainty estimation of model covariates, where the scale at which the covariates are given is coarser than that at which the response data are available. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the main issues and challenges in the thesis: biodiversity, data measurement, modelling techniques, scale and data realignment. The three case studies used in the development of the hierarchical framework are also introduced. Data from Loch Leven on underwater plants are analysed in chapter 2. Carabid data from ten rural locations are considered in chapter 3. In the final case study in chapter 4, coverage abundance data from sites the Countryside Survey across Great Britain are modelled. In chapter 5 the data from chapter 4 are used as the impetus; a hierarchical framework for realigning covariate data is developed and a simulation is created in order to assess its performance relative to the non-realigned model. Chapter 6 provides a summary of the case studies as well as discussion of the main issues and proposals for additional development.
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Gray, Ian Munro. "Environmental impact assessment in the forest sector of Great Britain". Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/environmental-impact-assessment-in-the-forest-sector-of-great-britain(bb9713d9-cf78-4270-8781-79140ceeb136).html.
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Environmental impact assessment has been in use within the British forest sector since 1988 when the Environmental Assessment (Afforestation) Regulations became effective. In Great Britain between 1988 and 1998 a total of 211 applications for grant assistance for afforestation proposals have been subject to environmental impact assessment. Of these 101 had been completed by 1998 and the assessment concluded. This research details the development of environmental impact assessment in international, national and forest sector contexts, and presents a review procedure tailored for use in the British forest sector. Using this procedure, 89 forest sector environmental statements were reviewed. The review highlights the overall poor quality of environmental impact assessments and environmental statements within the British forest sector. The research investigates the efficacy of the Forestry Commission's screening process and its ability to identify projects with potential impacts through the development of a screening protocol for use in the British forest sector, which was used Forest Commission staff to screen a series of case studies. The survey, prediction and assessment techniques employed within forest sector environmental impact assessments are analysed. For a sample of assessments where adequate baseline information was included in the original assessment, a practical audit of impact predictions was carried out, where the actual outcomes of predicted impacts were compared with information derived from field investigation.
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Lavers, David Anthony. "Seasonal hydrological prediction in Great Britain – an assessment". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1360/.
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This thesis assesses seasonal hydrological prediction in Great Britain. Firstly, the study evaluates river flow prediction using climate model output to drive a rainfall-runoff model in the Dyfi basin, Wales. Results show that climate model precipitation can not skilfully simulate Dyfi discharge. When a downscaling process is employed to generate precipitation time series, river flow forecast skill improves, but historical river flows still provide superior forecasts. Secondly, large-scale climatic control on British precipitation/discharge and European precipitation is investigated by correlation analysis. Results show spatiotemporal hydroclimatological variation, with western regions generally having stronger empirical relationships. River flow has weaker associations because of basin controls and evapotranspiration. The dynamic nature of precipitation/discharge generating mechanisms is not captured by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index. Thirdly, seasonal climate model forecast skill is evaluated. Limited skill exists over land and over all extratropical regions for forecasts beyond month-1; precipitation has lower skill than 2-metre air temperature and mean sea level pressure. Seasonal climate models exhibit higher idealised predictive skill indicating potential for future increases in actual predictive skill. In conclusion, seasonal hydrological prediction using a climate-to-river modelling chain could be improved through consideration of the uncovered spatiotemporal hydroclimatological variability and through seasonal climate modelling improvements.
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Letourneau, Lyne. "Animal protection law in Great Britain : in search of the existing moral orthodoxy". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602287.
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Omnipresent in Western society, the idea of progress is commonly advanced in relation to the development of animal protection law in Great Britain. Essentially, it is argued that the law now recognises that animals are worthy of moral consideration in their own right, that is, that they count or matter morally. From the concept of "animal as object" to that of "animal as person", indeed, the history of Western philosophical thinking bears witness to a progressive acknowledgement of animals (or, at least, of some animals) as full members of the moral community, along with all human beings. However, as political theorist Robert Garner argues in his book Animals, Politics and Morality, public policy is never simply a product of moral principles. Rather, influenced by pressure groups, it is the result of a process based on negotiation and compromise. That being the case, in the present thesis, I ask whether Great Britain has truly been the scene of moral progress through the development of animal protection law and to what extent one may speak of moral progress at all in relation to this area of law. Is animal protection law in Great Britain moving away from the traditional moral position that animals are exclusively means to human ends, thereby granting moral standing and equal moral status to animals The answer to this question lies with identifying the philosophical conception of the relations between humans and animals which is expressed through the body of animal protection law in this country. For animals' moral status within the law ensues directly from it. In the first chapter, following the great influence the position plays in the contemporary debate over our moral treatment of animals, I use Tom Regan's theory of animal rights to assess whether animal protection law in Great Britain reflects a conception of human-animal relations that is consistent with a recognition that animals possess moral rights. In the second chapter, I defend the view that animal protection law in Great Britain does not reflect utilitarianism - a position that has been popularised in animal ethics by moral philosopher Peter Singer. In the third chapter, building on the distinctive features of animal protection law in Great Britain which have emerged from the analysis in Chapters I and II, I contend that the law reflects "group egoism" - a form of consequentialism which falls between ethical egoism and utilitarianism. To be sure, what comes forth as the dominant position underlying animal protection law in Great Britain is that human beings protect animals only to the extent to which benefit is provided to them in return, or, at the very least, to the extent that so doing does not impinge on their interests in animal use. Does this position represent any kind of moral progress In the context of changing human attitudes towards animals and the development of animal protection law, I argue that it does. However, this moral progress carries no recognition that animals are worthy of moral consideration in their own right, that is, that they count or matter morally. Far from doing away with the traditional position that animals are exclusively means to human ends, animal protection law in Great Britain fits in with this way of thinking and grants to animals an instrumental value only.
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Cai, Deyu. "Wide area monitoring, protection and control in the future Great Britain power system". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/wide-area-monitoring-protection-and-control-in-the-future-great-britain-power-system(fcefb6b8-85d0-42ad-b284-41a997a7d1b4).html.
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The growing issue of power-grid congestion and a global increase in disturbances have emphasized the need to enhance electrical power networks using Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control (WAMPAC). This is a cost-effective solution for improving power system planning and operation. In addition to these existing issues, the Great Britain (GB) power system is facing significant changes, in terms of both power transmission technology and the nature of the generation mix, that will cause the operation of the future GB power system to become more unpredictable and complex. Therefore, developing a WAMPAC system will be essential to enhance the stability and optimise the operation of the future GB power system. The main objectives of the research presented in this thesis are to design a GB WAMPAC system and develop solutions to overcome the challenges that will be involved in the initial stage of the GB WAMPAC project. As Synchronized Measurement Technology (SMT) is the most essential element and enabler of WAMPAC, this thesis first provides a study of SMT and its applications. This study also reviews the state of the art of these SMT applications, and worldwide experience with the operation of WAMPAC in terms of system architecture, communication technologies and data management. After the basic study of WAMPAC, this thesis presents a new methodology for designing a roadmap that will ensure the future GB WAMPAC system will be developed in a logical and economic manner. This methodology takes into account the international experience with WAMPAC project management and the practical challenges faced in the future GB power system. With this new methodology, the GB strategies for the development of WAMPAC are devised. Two major SMT applications are then developed that can form main parts of the proposed future GB WAMPAC system. These applications are developed to enhance the small signal stability of the future GB power system.1. Wide Area Inter-area Oscillation Monitoring using Newton Type Algorithm.2. Wide Area Inter-area Oscillation Control using Power Electronic Devices. Finally, the operation of a proposed GB WAMPAC system is demonstrated using the DIgSILENT software package. The proposed real time applications are tested and evaluated using dynamic simulations of a full GB power system model. In addition, some key factors that will influence the operation of the future GB WAMPAC system will be analyzed and discussed.
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Hill, Louise. "Ecological impacts of ash dieback in Great Britain". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:941ee684-798b-47b6-ae51-64baeb5f821e.
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Ash dieback is a severe disease of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. In its native East Asia, H. fraxineus is a harmless endophyte, but since its accidental import into Europe in the early 1990s it has infected over 90% of ash trees in some areas, with long-term mortality sometimes exceeding 90%. The disease was discovered in Great Britain in 2012, and has since spread rapidly. This thesis investigates some of the possible impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and society, and in doing so identifies ways to alleviate some impacts. Britain has only 13% tree cover (among the lowest in Europe), so may be particularly vulnerable to ash loss. Better understanding of the effects and how to minimise them is critical to deliver an evidence-based response. First, we investigated impacts in woodlands by experimentally killing woodland ash trees by ring-barking. We found no short-term effect of ash loss on ground flora or earthworm communities, or on the regeneration or growth of other woody species. Observational evidence suggested that remaining canopy trees rapidly filled gaps left by ash, perhaps contributing to stability. Our woodlands appeared to be remarkably resilient to ash loss, although there may be long-term effects or impacts on other species that this experiment failed to observe. To investigate broader-scale impacts, we required high-quality abundance maps for ash and other trees across Britain. Using species distribution modelling and random forest regression, we developed a protocol to produce abundance maps from readily available data. We tested the predictive power of the resulting maps using cross validation. Our maps are the best available for abundance of British tree species, and will be useful across a wide range of disciplines. We then used them to model ecosystem vulnerability to ash loss, based on the abundance of ash and other tree species, and their ecological trait similarity. We identified areas at risk of the largest impacts, and produced guidance for positive management actions to minimise ecological change. Lastly, we investigated the financial impacts of ash dieback, estimating the total cost to Britain at £9.2 billion. This figure is many times larger than the value of lost trade if biosecurity were improved to prevent future invasions, questioning the validity of financial arguments against biosecurity. We also found that loss of ecosystem services accounted for less than a third of the total cost, suggesting that ecosystem service assessments may miss a large proportion of the true cost of biodiversity loss. Overall, we found that some impacts may be less than expected, such as local effects on woodland ground flora, and others, such as the economic cost, may be much larger than expected. However, the resilience of ecosystems to a major shock such as loss of a common species, and actions to mitigate the impacts, depend on having a diversity of other trees present. The ash dieback outbreak highlights the importance of preventing other severe pests and diseases of trees from being introduced; something that has been increasing exponentially, largely due to international trade in trees. This thesis provides further firm evidence that there is an ecological and social imperative to halt this trend.
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de, Aguiar Thereza R. S. "Corporate disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions : a UK study". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/840.
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Two beliefs drove this dissertation to be centered on the analysis of the UK corporate disclosure (CD) related to global climate change (GCC). Firstly, GCC is the most significant environmental concern of our current age (IPCC, 2001; Stern, 2006; IPCC, 2007). Secondly, CD could illustrate the values of organizations and possibilities for changing organizations’ responsibility regarding to GCC (Gray et al., 1996; Bebbington and Larrinaga-Gonzalez, 2008; Bebbington et al., 2009). This study utilizes content analysis as its principal method and seeks to achieve its goal by way of a two investigations. The first investigation focuses on disclosures made by direct participants’ (DP) in the UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS). It captures GCC disclosures from both stand alone (SA) and annual reports (AR) during 2000 - 2004. This part of the study explores if joining the UK ETS changed GCC disclosures. This is tested on both a longitudinal and matched pair (MP) basis. An analysis using institutional theory suggests that instruments of environmental policy may influence GCC disclosures. Results showed that DP increased GCC disclosure, especially in the AR where mainstream business rationale is accepted. MP disclosures, in contrast, focus on the SA media and on different topics than DP disclosures. AR and SA both contain CD, but in this study they showed different patterns of disclosure and therefore may constitute different disclosure media. The second investigation suggests a method to compare GCC disclosure for a sample of DP and MP, using three different media: carbon disclosure project (CDP), AR and SA. Analysis shows that GCC disclosure did not provide sufficient information to compare GCC initiatives and disclosures. Despite the fact that organizations have similar characteristics in terms of sector, size and origin country, they showed different views on GCC issues and this may partially explain differences on GCC initiatives and disclosure.
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Hancock, Rosemary Joy. "Muslims Going Green: Islamic Environmental Activism in the United States and Great Britain". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14655.
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This thesis examines Muslim environmental activism in the United States and Great Britain, utilising a theoretical framework of social movement theory. Through interviews with Muslim environmentalists, supported by textual data produced by Islamic environmental organisations, the thesis analyses the way Muslim environmentalists frame environmental crises, how they motivate and sustain their activism through emotion and identity work, and their use of ‘moderate’ forms of activism. Islamic environmentalism has not received due academic attention from social movement theorists or Islamic studies scholars. The thesis contributes to the literature on social movements by testing the theory in new ground: Islamic environmental activism is simultaneously a religious movement and a secular movement, and this offers interesting avenues for theorising on the role of religion in social movements. The thesis also contributes to Islamic studies literature: although there is a very small body of academic work on Islamic environmentalism, none apply social movement theory to this area. The thesis argues Muslim environmentalists are drawn into activism through (i) affective ties to friends, romantic partners, and charismatic leaders, and (ii) due to a strong sense of religious duty that stems from a very particular, environmental understanding of Islamic scripture and practice. Secondly, the thesis demonstrates the importance of ‘group culture’ for attracting and retaining committed activists. Finally, the thesis contends that Muslim environmentalists demonstrate a synthesis of political activism and religious practice. Religious ritual, symbolism, and narrative are incorporated into political action in such a way that activism becomes religious practice.
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Morehart, Miriam Corinne. ""Children Need Protection Not Perversion": The Rise of the New Right and the Politicization of Morality in Sex Education in Great Britain, 1968-1989". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2207.
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Two competing forms of sex education and the groups supporting them came to head in the 1970s and 1980s. Traditional sex education retained an emphasis on maintaining Christian-based morality through marriage and parenthood preparation that sex education originally held since the beginning of the twentieth century. Liberal sex education developed to openly discuss issues that reflected recent legal and social changes. This form reviewed controversial subjects including abortion, contraception and homosexuality. Though liberal sex education found support from national family planning organizations and Labour politicians, traditional sex education found a more vocal and powerful ally in the New Right.
This thesis explores the political emergence of the New Right in Great Britain during the 1970s and 1980s and how the group utilized sex education. The New Right, composed of moral pressure groups and Conservative politicians, focused on the supposed absence of traditional morality from the emergent liberal sex education. Labour (and liberal organizations) held little power in the 1980s due to internal party struggles and an insignificant parliamentary presence. This allowed the New Right to successfully pass multiple national reforms. The New Right latched onto liberal sex education as demonstrative of the moral decline of Britain and utilized its emergence of a prime example of the need to reform education and local government.
Livros sobre o assunto "Environmental protection – great britain"
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Environmental Protection Bill. London: HMSO, 1990.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Environmental Protection Bill: Explanation and financial memorandum. London: HMSO, 1990.
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Jock, Martin, e Great Britain. Department of the Environment., eds. Digest of environmental protection and water statistics. London: HMSO, 1993.
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Britain, Great. Environmental Protection Act 1990: [Elizabeth II] 1990. Chapter 43. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1990.
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Council, Brighton (England) Borough. Environmental Protection Act 1990, s.49 waste recycling plan. Brighton: the Council, 1993.
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Council, Leicestershire County. Register of land: Environmental Protection Act 1990 : litter control areas. Glenfield: LCC, 1990.
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Taylor, Ann. Labour's environment protection executive. London: Fabian Society, 1991.
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Michael, Fry, ed. A manual of environmental protection law: The pollution control functions of the Environment Agency and SEPA. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
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Ashworth, Graham. The role of local government in environmental protection: Firstline defence. Harlow: Longman, 1992.
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1928-, Goldsmith Edward, e Hildyard Nicholas, eds. Green Britain or industrial wasteland? Cambridge: Polity Press, in association with Basil Blackwell, 1986.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Environmental protection – great britain"
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Weale, Albert. "Great Britain". In National Environmental Policies, 89–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60507-9_5.
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Hajer, Maarten A. "Acid rain in Great Britain: environmental discourse and the hidden politics of institutional practice". In Greening Environmental Policy, 145–64. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08357-9_9.
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Leach, James. "An Address to the People of Great Britain on the Protection of Native Industry, 2". In The Chartist Movement in Britain 18381850, 71–80. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113232-6.
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Bunce, R. G. H., C. J. Barr, M. K. Gillespie e D. C. Howard. "The ITE Land Classification: Providing an Environmental Stratification of Great Britain". In Global to Local: Ecological Land Classification, 39–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1653-1_5.
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Di Cosmo, Lucio, e Antonio Floris. "Biodiversity and Protected Wooded Lands". In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 391–446. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98678-0_9.
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AbstractThe importance of forests for their functions other than timber and wood production has dramatically increased in the last decades with the increased awareness of the risks deriving from deforestation and the acknowledgment of the great amount of goods and benefits forests provide. Consequently, national forest inventories have widened their objectives and nowadays include variables related to environmental aspects. Among these aspects, biodiversity plays a key role for forest ecosystems’ adaptation to climate change. This chapter details the INFC2015 estimates regarding tree species diversity. It also shows the estimates on the naturalness of the stands’ regeneration processes and those on the presence and type of deadwood in forests. In addition to carbon storage, standing dead trees, stumps and lying deadwood also have a great potential for biodiversity. Forest protection is also pursued through laws and policies that allow for the creation of protected areas of various type and protection degree. The main inventory statistics on wooded lands in protected areas are given in the last section of this chapter.
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Zhou, Jingyi, e Junhua Zhou. "Exploring the Application of Prefabricated Construction Technology Under the Concept of Green Building". In Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building, 548–55. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_58.
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AbstractIn recent years, the development of the construction industry has been accelerating. As a typical product in the process of industrialization, prefabricated building has become a new mode of construction. However, due to many factors, there are a series of problems in the construction of prefabricated building, such as environmental pollution and resource waste, which have a great impact on its sustainable development. Therefore, in developing prefabricated building buildings, we should actively introduce the concept of green building, observe the working principle of energy conservation and environmental protection, apply advanced technology and constantly explore new technology applications. This paper explores the application of the green building concept from four dimensions: design principles, technical advantages, main technical analysis and practical application, and the prefabricated building of the green building concept.
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Malcolm, Rosalind, e John Pointing. "The Historical Context Of Statutory Nuisance And Public Health Legislation". In Statutory nuisance: Law and practice, 19–30. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199242467.003.0003.
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Abstract Statutory nuisance is a concept that originated in the huge changes and adverse environmental conditions brought about during the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. It was fundamental to the social legislation that was first enacted in the 1840s and 1850s, and which continued into the twentieth century in the Public Health Act of 1936. Some of this early sanitary legislation continues in the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (‘EPA 1990’), either virtually unaltered from its original formulation or in an amended form; some early formulations are to be found in other legislation, such as the Building Act 1984.
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Blott, Simon J., Robert W. Duck, Michael R. Phillips, Nigel I. Pontee, Kenneth Pye e Allan Williams. "Great Britain". In Coastal Erosion and Protection in Europe, 173–208. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203128558-10.
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Colombo, Umberto. "Energy Resources and Population". In Resources and Population, 53–63. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198289180.003.0005.
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Abstract Since the discovery of fire, energy has been a major factor in development. Each of the great transformations of civilization has been accompanied by new ways to pro duce and utilize energy. Conversely, each new source of energy has made possible, or has necessitated, transformations in social organization. Fire, by permitting the conservation of food and protection from cold, brought about a more stable and complex prehistoric society; draught animal energy was a majqr component in the advent of agriculture; the use of the wind in sea transport and for mills had a profound influence on the Renaissance and contributed to the expansion of cultural and commercial horizons. Coal was at the base of the industrial revolution, which developed in countries having large reserves of this fuel (such as Great Britain and Germany). Electricity stimulated new forms of industry and changed the urban environment, while oil has fueled the great transformation of industrial society, especially after World War II.
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Hill, Pamela. "Climate Change". In Environmental Protection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190223069.003.0008.
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What is climate change? Climate change means long-term changes in atmospheric conditions—including temperature, wind patterns, and precipitation. Although climate fluctuations such as the great ice age cycles have happened in varying degrees many times throughout history, there is broad agreement that over the last sixty-five...
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Environmental protection – great britain"
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Dubravská, Mariana, e Elena Širá. "GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PRODUCED IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN EU". In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.257.
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Each economy must adapt its activities to the protection of the environment. It is now an essential part of everyday life, in the face of various climate changes. The Europe 2020 strategy sets out a set of objectives in the EU, including those promoting environmental sustainability, called sustainable growth. The aim of the paper is to determine, if the performance of the country, in the area of greenhouse gas emissions reduction is adequate to the strategy Europe 2020. In the analysis of greenhouse gas emission reductions, we will also focus on the agriculture sector and compare the development over time with the development in other EU countries. The analyzed period is 10 years, from 2009 - 2018. The article investigated the performance of greenhouse gas emissions in the example of EU (including the Great Britain) countries.
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White, J. C., D. C. Entwisle, J. P. Busby, R. Lawley e I. L. Cooke. "Developing a Near Surface Electrical Resistivity Model of Great Britain". In Near Surface Geoscience 2014 - 20th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142024.
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Mothkuri, Nishanth, Geetha Sakamuri, Mazhuvanchery Avarachen Sherly, Dinu Maria Jose, Samyadeep Ghosh, Srinivas Kondapalli, Kiran Chinnayakanahalli e Hemant Chowdhary. "Impacts of Climate Change on Rainfall and Flooding Events in Great Britain". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2024. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784485477.014.
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Mueksch, Michaela C. "Airborne hyperspectral monitoring of lake, river, and estuary pollution in Great Britain and Germany". In European Symposium on Optics for Environmental and Public Safety, editado por George M. Russwurm. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221090.
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Rathkeen, Leonid S. "Cooperation of Russian Federation and Great Britain in the field of analyses, monitoring and prognosis of development of market of modern low-carbon technologies". In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM (ISTS) «IMPROVING ENERGY AND RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF PROCESSES AND DEVICES IN CHEMICAL AND RELATED INDUSTRIES». The Kosygin State University of Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/eeste-2021-2-241-244.
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The perspective of cooperation between Russian Federation and Great Britain in the field of analyses, monitoring and prognosis of development of modern Low-Carbon Technologies (LCT) are discussed in the article. Also are presented the different directions pf brunch and regional cooperation in the field of LCT.
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Zyablova, A. "ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF ESPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES STATE". In Reproduction, monitoring and protection of natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic landscapes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/rmpnnaal2021_26-31.
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Specially protected natural territories have one of the most important values in solving problems of the connection between nature and society. Problems of nature and society arise in modern times quite often, since a person uses all the benefits that nature gives him, sometimes they forget that nature suffers greatly from human intervention and that nature needs to be protected and protected from negative influences on it. This study examines how to properly organize the protection of natural zones so that nature does not suffer so much or can recover quickly enough. It is necessary to use natural resources correctly, so that they are always in great abundance, it is also necessary to conduct constant protection and protection of natural resources, so that natural resources are not overused in unnecessary quantities.
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Zysk, Elžbieta, Anna Zróbek-Sokolnik, Piotr Dynowski e Alina Zróbek-Rózanska. "Sustainable Residential Development in Rural Areas in Relation to Nature Conservation". In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.065.
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In the last decades residential development in rural areas has aroused great interest. It is particularly the suburban communes that have been adopting a spatial policy conducive to this trend. The communes with protected areas must adjust their spatial tactics to Applausie legal requirements. This article aims at indicating how residential development can be harmoniously reconciled with the protection of nature values in legal terms, but also in spatial and social ones. These deliberations will be put in the context of sustainable development, which is desirable for any space, including rural areas.
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Xubiao, Gao, e Jiao Junren. "Importance of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment Protection in Key Hydraulic Projects and Hydropower Stations Construction on Chinese Great Rivers". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)235.
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He, Chansheng, e Thomas E. Croley. "Hydrologicalal Resource Sheds and Water Quality Management in North America's Great Lakes Watersheds". In International Symposium on Environmental Protection and Planning: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Applications. Cevre Koruma ve Arastirma Vakfi, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5053/isepp.2011.2-5.
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McCready-Shea, S., F. E. Taylor e J. Batt. "Experiences of Dealing With Environmental Statements for Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning Projects Under the EIA Directive". In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4713.
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European Council Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by Council Directive 97/11/EC, sets out a framework for the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment. It is known as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive. The Directive is implemented in Great Britain (GB) for the dismantling or decommissioning of nuclear power stations and other nuclear reactor by the Nuclear Reactors (Environmental Impact Assessment for Decommissioning) Regulations 1999 (EIADR99). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is the competent authority for EIADR99 in GB, and has carried out public consultations on environmental statements that accompanied applications for consent to carry out decommissioning projects at two nuclear power stations in GB. HSE understands that these applications for consent are some of the first under the revised EIA Directive. HSE has developed a strategy for managing applications for consents under EIADR99. This strategy covers two main areas. The first area is public involvement, including identifying a large number of organisations in addition to the consultation bodies identified in the Regulations, providing information through the internet, and making responses to the consultation process publicly available. The second area is interfaces with legislation and Government policy, including town and country planning legislation, related health, safety and environment legislation, and decommissioning timetables. Experiences of implementing the strategy to deal with the environmental statements are described.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Environmental protection – great britain"
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Morehart, Miriam. "Children Need Protection Not Perversion": The Rise of the New Right and the Politicization of Morality in Sex Education in Great Britain, 1968-1989. Portland State University Library, janeiro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2204.
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Avis, William. Role of Faith and Belief in Environmental Engagement and Action in MENA Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), maio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.086.
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This helpdesk report provides a critical review of the literature on the role of faith and religious values in environmental engagement and action. Contemporary studies have examined the relationship between religion and climate change including the ongoing “greening” process of religions. The review focuses on the responses of the Islamic faith in the MENA region to climate-related issues. MENA is considered one of the region’s most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The rapid review drawing from empirical findings notes that religious organizations have great potential in the protection of the environment. Religious organizations possess resources and infrastructure to positively impact the conversation on climate change. While the review acknowledges the important role that religion plays in environmental engagement, there is still no unified perception of climate change among members of the Islamic faith. There are those who believe that there are other more urgent issues such as radicalism, terrorism, democracy, and human rights. The review notes that the shared challenge of climate change can provide a mechanism to bring together faiths to discuss, share teachings, and agree on common action.
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Anderson, Donald M., Lorraine C. Backer, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Holly A. Bowers, V. Monica Bricelj, Lesley D’Anglada, Jonathan Deeds et al. Harmful Algal Research & Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS), 2024-2034. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, julho de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/69773.
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Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are a well-established and severe threat to human health, economies, and marine and freshwater ecosystems on all coasts of the United States and its inland waters. HABs can comprise microalgae, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae (seaweeds). Their impacts, intensity, and geographic range have increased over past decades due to both human-induced and natural changes. In this report, HABs refers to both marine algal and freshwater cyanobacterial events. This Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS) 2024-2034 plan builds on major accomplishments from past efforts, provides a state of the science update since the previous decadal HARRNESS plan (2005-2015), identifies key information gaps, and presents forward-thinking solutions. Major achievements on many fronts since the last HARRNESS are detailed in this report. They include improved understanding of bloom dynamics of large-scale regional HABs such as those of Pseudo-nitzschia on the west coast, Alexandrium on the east coast, Karenia brevis on the west Florida shelf, and Microcystis in Lake Erie, and advances in HAB sensor technology, allowing deployment on fixed and mobile platforms for long-term, continuous, remote HAB cell and toxin observations. New HABs and impacts have emerged. Freshwater HABs now occur in many inland waterways and their public health impacts through drinking and recreational water contamination have been characterized and new monitoring efforts have been initiated. Freshwater HAB toxins are finding their way into marine environments and contaminating seafood with unknown consequences. Blooms of Dinophysis spp., which can cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, have appeared around the US coast, but the causes are not understood. Similarly, blooms of fish- and shellfish-killing HABs are occurring in many regions and are especially threatening to aquaculture. The science, management, and decision-making necessary to manage the threat of HABs continue to involve a multidisciplinary group of scientists, managers, and agencies at various levels. The initial HARRNESS framework and the resulting National HAB Committee (NHC) have proven effective means to coordinate the academic, management, and stakeholder communities interested in national HAB issues and provide these entities with a collective voice, in part through this updated HARRNESS report. Congress and the Executive Branch have supported most of the advances achieved under HARRNESS (2005-2015) and continue to make HABs a priority. Congress has reauthorized the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act (HABHRCA) multiple times and continues to authorize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to fund and conduct HAB research and response, has given new roles to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and required an Interagency Working Group on HABHRCA (IWG HABHRCA). These efforts have been instrumental in coordinating HAB responses by federal and state agencies. Initial appropriations for NOAA HAB research and response decreased after 2005, but have increased substantially in the last few years, leading to many advances in HAB management in marine coastal and Great Lakes regions. With no specific funding for HABs, the US EPA has provided funding to states through existing laws, such as the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and to members of the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, to assist states and tribes in addressing issues related to HAB toxins and hypoxia. The US EPA has also worked towards fulfilling its mandate by providing tools and resources to states, territories, and local governments to help manage HABs and cyanotoxins, to effectively communicate the risks of cyanotoxins and to assist public water systems and water managers to manage HABs. These tools and resources include documents to assist with adopting recommended recreational criteria and/or swimming advisories, recommendations for public water systems to choose to apply health advisories for cyanotoxins, risk communication templates, videos and toolkits, monitoring guidance, and drinking water treatment optimization documents. Beginning in 2018, Congress has directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop a HAB research initiative to deliver scalable HAB prevention, detection, and management technologies intended to reduce the frequency and severity of HAB impacts to our Nation’s freshwater resources. Since the initial HARRNESS report, other federal agencies have become increasingly engaged in addressing HABs, a trend likely to continue given the evolution of regulations(e.g., US EPA drinking water health advisories and recreational water quality criteria for two cyanotoxins), and new understanding of risks associated with freshwater HABs. The NSF/NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program has contributed substantially to our understanding of HABs. The US Geological Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Aeronautics Space Administration also contribute to HAB-related activities. In the preparation of this report, input was sought early on from a wide range of stakeholders, including participants from academia, industry, and government. The aim of this interdisciplinary effort is to provide summary information that will guide future research and management of HABs and inform policy development at the agency and congressional levels. As a result of this information gathering effort, four major HAB focus/programmatic areas were identified: 1) Observing systems, modeling, and forecasting; 2) Detection and ecological impacts, including genetics and bloom ecology; 3) HAB management including prevention, control, and mitigation, and 4) Human dimensions, including public health, socio-economics, outreach, and education. Focus groups were tasked with addressing a) our current understanding based on advances since HARRNESS 2005-2015, b) identification of critical information gaps and opportunities, and c) proposed recommendations for the future. The vision statement for HARRNESS 2024-2034 has been updated, as follows: “Over the next decade, in the context of global climate change projections, HARRNESS will define the magnitude, scope, and diversity of the HAB problem in US marine, brackish and freshwaters; strengthen coordination among agencies, stakeholders, and partners; advance the development of effective research and management solutions; and build resilience to address the broad range of US HAB problems impacting vulnerable communities and ecosystems.” This will guide federal, state, local and tribal agencies and nations, researchers, industry, and other organizations over the next decade to collectively work to address HAB problems in the United States.
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Hirami, Naotaka. Working Paper PUEAA No. 2. Green Policy driven activities at Hiroshima University. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.002r.2021.
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The University of Hiroshima has decided to focus on how the organization of human societies and the problems generated by these, have impacted the environment, as well as the influence that these should have as factors in the so-called "green policies" in order to create sustainable development. It is through education, mainly in universities, that we seek to create not only awareness but also a research base on which to work and create support and working networks towards the labor and business sectors with an emphasis on environmental care. By creating an intersectional model, the necessary measures for environmental protection can be better understood and applied without neglecting human and economic development, which are equally important for the progress of societies. The activities presented by the University, and that seek to expand to Mexico, are a great opportunity to create such networks in the country and understand the development-environment interrelationship.
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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, Heidi Tuhkanen, Vincent Omondi Odongo, Michael Boyland, Elizabeth Katja Fiertz, Maria Escobar, Mónica Trujillo e Philip Osano. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.
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Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.
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Conservation Effects Assessment Project. Washington, D.C.: Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8078214.nrcs.
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Following the passage of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, also known as the “2002 Farm Bill”, which significantly increased funding for conservation programs, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and other USDA agencies created the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) in 2003. The goal of CEAP is to measure the effects of agricultural conservation practices and develop the science-base for managing agricultural landscapes for environmental quality. The CEAP Watershed Assessment Studies, a partnership between NRCS, ARS, and numerous other federal and university partners, quantify the effects of conservation practices on water quality, water availability, and soil health within small watersheds. Field and watershed studies also help build understanding of the processes that are influenced by or drive conservation practice effects. This brochure describes the currently active 23 watershed studies at 18 locations and the research findings to date. These findings, the improved simulation models, and the newly developed conservation practices and assessment tools contribute towards more effective conservation strategies to address goals and document outcomes for the USDA Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative, the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Initiative, the Lake Champlain Basin Initiative, and local source water protection efforts.