Livros: "Entanglement of Gaussian states"

1

Ferraro, Alessandro. Gaussian states in quantum information. Napoli: Bibliopolis, 2005.

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2

Lorch, Robert Stuart. State and local politics: The great entanglement. 3^a ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1989.

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3

Lorch, Robert Stuart. State and local politics: The great entanglement. 4^a ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1992.

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4

Lorch, Robert Stuart. State and local politics: The great entanglement. 5^a ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1995.

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5

José, Carmelo, ed. Strongly correlated systems, coherence and entanglement. Singapore: World Scientific, 2007.

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6

Lorch, Robert Stuart. State and local politics: The great entanglement / Robert S. Lorch. 6^a ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2001.

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7

1964-, Buchleitner A., Viviescas C e Tiersch M, eds. Entanglement and decoherence: Foundations and modern trends. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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8

1953-, Akulin V. M., ed. Decoherence, entanglement and information protection in complex quantum systems. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005.

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9

Paredes, Javier, e G. G. Melies. Rudimentary Theory about Quantum Entanglement and Twin States: Rudimentary Theory about Quantum Entanglement and Twin States. Babelcube Inc, 2020.

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10

Annex. States of Entanglement: Data in the Irish Landscape. Actar D, 2021.

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11

Lorch, Robert Stuart. State and Local Politics: The Great Entanglement. Prentice Hall, 1994.

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12

Lorch, Robert Stuart. State and Local Politics: The Great Entanglement. 5^a ed. Prentice Hall, 1994.

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13

Buchleitner, Andreas, Carlos Viviescas e Markus Tiersch. Entanglement and Decoherence: Foundations and Modern Trends. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2010.

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14

Bengtsson, Ingemar, e Karol Zyczkowski. Geometry of Quantum States: An Introduction to Quantum Entanglement. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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15

Bengtsson, Ingemar, e Karol Życzkowski. Geometry of Quantum States: An Introduction to Quantum Entanglement. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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16

Bengtsson, Ingemar, e Karol Zyczkowski. Geometry of Quantum States: An Introduction to Quantum Entanglement. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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17

Karol Życzkowski e Ingemar Bengtsson. Geometry of Quantum States: An Introduction to Quantum Entanglement. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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18

Bengtsson, Ingemar, e Karol Zyczkowski. Geometry of Quantum States: An Introduction to Quantum Entanglement. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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19

Bengtsson, Ingemar, e Karol Zyczkowski. Geometry of Quantum States: An Introduction to Quantum Entanglement. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2020.

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20

Geometry of Quantum States: An Introduction to Quantum Entanglement. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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21

Geometry of Quantum States: An Introduction to Quantum Entanglement. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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22

Taxing the Church: Religion, Exemptions, Entanglement, and the Constitution. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2017.

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23

J. M. P. Carmelo (Editor), J. M. B. Lopes Dos Santos (Editor), V. Rocha Vieira (Editor) e P. D. Sacramento (Editor), eds. Strongly Correlated Systems, Coherence and Entanglement. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007.

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24

Santos, J. M., V. Rocha Vieira e Jose M. Carmelo. Strongly Correlated Systems, Coherence and Entanglement. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2007.

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25

Decoherence, Entanglement and Information Protection in Complex Quantum Systems: Proceedings of the NATO ARW on Decoherence, Entanglement and Information ... II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry). Springer, 2005.

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26

Decoherence, Entanglement and Information Protection in Complex Quantum Systems: Proceedings of the NATO ARW on Decoherence, Entanglement and Information ... II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry). Springer, 2005.

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27

Gleysteen, William, e William H. Jr Gleysteen. Massive Entanglement, Marginal Influence: Carter and Korea in Crisis. Brookings Institution Press, 2000.

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28

Hebron, Lui, e John F. Stack. The Ethnic Entanglement. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216188247.

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The ongoing reconstruction of world politics following the collapse of Soviet and Eastern European variants of communism have seemingly unleashed the power of ethnicity with a vengeance. Stack, Hebron, and their contributors explore the concept of ethnicity in international relations, seeking to address this most destabilizing, yet ubiquitous dimension of the emerging new world order. As a central force in international politics, ethnicity and ethnonational movements raise two fundamental questions about the nature of power and politics in contemporary international relations. First, what is the relationship between ethnicity and conflict within, across, and among states? Second, what role does ethnicity play in exacerbating conflicts which result in the intervention by external forces, both state and nonstate, manifested by increasing levels of violence and spillover instability, as exemplified by the Middle East, the Asian Republics of the former Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia? This book is designed to provide scholars of international relations with a compelling approach to the study of ethnicity. The study of ethnic nationalism is a growing area of scholarly inquiry not fully appreciated. Thus, this collection is designed to fill a void in the literature and, as such, will be of interest to students, scholars, and policy makers involved with issues of ethnicity and world politics.

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29

Levin, Frank S. Entanglement and the Elements of Reality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808275.003.0015.

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Chapter 14 examines entangled quantum systems, hidden variable theories and Bell’s inequality. In 1935, Einstein and collaborators, postulating the existence of elements of reality, analyzed an entangled system and concluded that quantum theory was incomplete. Their analysis is described using spin singlets, which are entangled states of two spin ½ particles. A possible avoidance of their conclusion is by using hidden variable theories. In analyzing a class of local hidden variable theories, John Bell derived an equality that could test them. This was done by experiments using entangled photons; their results violated the inequality, thereby establishing that quantum mechanics, not local hidden variable theories, is the correct description. Later theoretical analysis, and relevant experimental results, strongly supported this. A further theoretical analysis, involving just a single measurement, led to a pronounced conclusion: farewell to the elements of reality. Ditto as well to the spooky-action-at-a-distance problem that had so bothered Einstein.

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30

Stiller, Birgit, Ulrich Seyfarth e Gerd Leuchs. Temporal and spectral properties of quantum light. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768609.003.0004.

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This chapter starts from the classical optics description of a light field and its spectral densities, their measurement, and their interpretation, and discusses how these aspects are related to the quantum properties of a single light mode. It reviews ways to measure these quantum properties. Emphasis is placed on Gaussian states of a light mode, i.e. states for which the Wigner function has a two-dimensional Gaussian shape. The discussion continues with a description of more than one mode, and a unifying approach to quadratic Hamiltonians is presented, including phase conjugation, which is related to time reversal.

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31

Zelinsky, Edward A. Parsonages, Parsonage Allowances, and the Religious Exemptions from Social Security Taxes and the Health Care Mandate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853952.003.0006.

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This chapter revisits the tax status of parsonages and parsonage allowances. The tax treatment of these allowances is an important test case for many of the themes advanced in this book. Some states exempt clerical residences from taxation. Other states do not. The Internal Revenue Code excludes from ministers’ gross incomes both the imputed rental value of parsonages provided in-kind and cash parsonage allowances. These income tax exclusions are constitutionally permitted, though not constitutionally compelled, to reduce church-state enforcement entanglement. Such minimization of church-state entanglement is a legitimately nonsubsidizing, secular purpose. However, the Code’s exclusion of cash housing allowances from ministers’ incomes is not justified as a matter of tax policy. Such cash transactions are easily valued and give cash to the minister to pay income tax. Thus, taxing cash parsonage allowances would entail less enforcement entanglement than would the taxation of housing provided to clergy in kind.

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32

Zelinsky, Edward A. Taxing the Church. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853952.001.0001.

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This book explores the legal and tax policy issues that arise when churches and other religious institutions are taxed or exempted. Churches and other religious institutions are treated diversely by the federal and state tax systems. Sectarian institutions pay more tax than many believe. In important respects, the states differ among themselves in their respective approaches to the taxation of sectarian entities. Either taxing or exempting churches and other sectarian entities entangles church and state. The taxes to which churches are more frequently subject—federal Social Security and Medicare taxes, sales taxes, real estate conveyance taxes—fall on the less entangling end of the spectrum. The taxes from which religious institutions are exempt—general income taxes, value-based property taxes, unemployment taxes—are typically taxes with the greatest potential for church-state enforcement entanglement. It is unpersuasive to reflexively denounce the tax exemption of religious actors and institutions as a subsidy. Tax exemption can implement the secular, nonsubsidizing goal of minimizing church-state enforcement entanglement and thus be regarded as part of a normative tax base. Taxing the church or exempting the church involves often difficult trade-offs among competing and legitimate values. On balance, our federal system of decentralized legislation makes these legal and tax policy trade-offs reasonably, though there is room for improvement in particular settings.

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33

Healey, Richard. “Non-locality”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714057.003.0004.

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Quantum entanglement is popularly believed to give rise to spooky action at a distance of a kind that Einstein decisively rejected. Indeed, important recent experiments on systems assigned entangled states have been claimed to refute Einstein by exhibiting such spooky action. After reviewing two considerations in favor of this view I argue that quantum theory can be used to explain puzzling correlations correctly predicted by assignment of entangled quantum states with no such instantaneous action at a distance. We owe both considerations in favor of the view to arguments of John Bell. I present simplified forms of these arguments as well as a game that provides insight into the situation. The argument I give in response turns on a prescriptive view of quantum states that differs both from Dirac’s (as stated in Chapter 2) and Einstein’s.

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34

Low Choy, Samantha, Justine Murray, Allan James e Kerrie Mengersen. Combining monitoring data and computer model output in assessing environmental exposure. Editado por Anthony O'Hagan e Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.18.

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This article discusses an approach that combines monitoring data and computer model outputs for environmental exposure assessment. It describes the application of Bayesian data fusion methods using spatial Gaussian process models in studies of weekly wet deposition data for 2001 from 120 sites monitored by the US National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) in the eastern United States. The article first provides an overview of environmental computer models, with a focus on the CMAQ (Community Multi-Scale Air Quality) Eta forecast model, before considering some algorithmic and pseudo-statistical approaches in weather prediction. It then reviews current state of the art fusion methods for environmental data analysis and introduces a non-dynamic downscaling approach. The static version of the dynamic spatial model is used to analyse the NADP weekly wet deposition data.

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35

Godwin Premi, Dr M. S., Dr D. Susitra, Dr Suja Cherukullapurath Mana, Ms R. Velvizhi e Ms Manju C. Nair. QUANTUM COMPUTING. Magestic Technology Solutions (P) Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 2025. https://doi.org/10.47716/978-93-92090-62-2.

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Quantum Computing represents a paradigm shift in computation, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to solve problems intractable for classical computers. This book provides a comprehensive exploration of quantum computing, encompassing its foundational concepts, architecture, algorithms, programming techniques, and real-world applications. Beginning with an overview and historical evolution, it delves into the fundamental differences between classical and quantum computing, highlighting key quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition, entanglement, and interference. The book further examines quantum states, qubits, and gates, elucidating their roles in quantum computation. The architecture of quantum systems, including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and photonic qubits, is analyzed alongside quantum circuits, hardware challenges, and error correction mechanisms. Core quantum algorithms, including Shor’s algorithm for factorization and Grover’s algorithm for search, are discussed with practical examples. The book also emphasizes quantum programming, featuring tools like Qiskit, Cirq, and PyQuil, and explores challenges in quantum simulation and circuit development. Applications in cryptography, artificial intelligence, drug discovery, and optimization are detailed, underscoring quantum computing’s transformative potential. The book concludes with an examination of challenges such as scalability, noise, and ethical concerns, while providing insights into future directions, including hardware advancements, emerging algorithms, and integration with classical systems. It serves as an essential resource for students, researchers, and professionals aiming to understand and contribute to the quantum revolution. Keywords: Quantum computing, classical computing, quantum mechanics, qubits, quantum gates, superposition, entanglement, quantum algorithms, Shor’s algorithm, Grover’s algorithm, quantum programming, Qiskit, Cirq, quantum circuits, quantum hardware, error correction, cryptography, artificial intelligence, drug discovery, optimization, scalability, quantum noise, ethical implications, future directions

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36

Haines, Daniel. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648664.003.0009.

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This highlights the book’s two key arguments. First, territoriality and sovereignty were central to water politics in the Indus Basin, with control over water flows necessary to both “internal” and “external” sovereignty. Contradictions and compromises in the India-Pakistan negotiations, and in the water dispute’s entanglement with wider geopolitical issues, showed that South Asian territoriality was not fixed, but under construction. Second, the confluence of sovereignty, territory and water in the Indus dispute represented a particular historical moment in decolonization. Both the trajectories of Indian and Pakistani politics, and broader global trends, produced leaderships that were intent on asserting sovereignty over water resources. The Indus Waters Treaty, on the other hand, depended for its success on the political and financial initiative of the United States, World Bank, and other Cold War geopolitical actors. The chapter finishes with a brief reflection on the state of the Indus treaty today.

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37

Priest, Eldritch. Earworm and Event. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022596.

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In Earworm and Event Eldritch Priest questions the nature of the imagination in contemporary culture through the phenomenon of the earworm: those reveries that hijack our attention, the shivers that run down our spines, and the songs that stick in our heads. Through a series of meditations on music, animal mentality, abstraction, and metaphor, Priest uses the earworm and the states of daydreaming, mind-wandering, and delusion it can produce to outline how music is something that is felt as thought rather than listened to. Priest presents Earworm and Event as a tête-bêche—two books bound together with each end meeting in the middle. Where Earworm theorizes the entanglement of thought and feeling, Event performs it. Throughout, Priest conceptualizes the earworm as an event that offers insight into not only the way human brains process musical experiences, but how abstractions and the imagination play key roles in the composition and expression of our contemporary social environments and more-than-human milieus. Unconventional and ambitious, Earworm and Event offers new ways to interrogate the convergence of thought, sound, and affect.

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38

Walters, William, Charles Heller e Lorenzo Pezzani, eds. Viapolitics. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021599.

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Vehicles, their infrastructures, and the environments they traverse are fundamental to the movement of migrants and states' attempts to govern them. This volume's contributors use the concept of viapolitics to name and foreground this contested entanglement and examine the politics of migration and bordering across a range of sites. They show how these elements constitute a key site of knowledge and struggle in migratory processes and offer a privileged vantage point from which to interrogate practices of mobility and systems of control in their deeper histories and wider geographic connections. This transdisciplinary group of scholars explores a set of empirically rich and diverse cases: from the Spanish and European authorities' attempts to control migrants' entire trajectories to infrastructures of escort of Indonesian labor migrants; from deportation train cars in the 1920s United States to contemporary stowaways at sea; from illegalized migrants walking across treacherous Alpine mountain passes to aerial geographies of deportation. Throughout, Viapolitics interrogates anew the phenomenon called “migration,” questioning how different forms of contentious mobility are experienced, policed, and contested. Contributors. Ethan Blue, Maribel Casas-Cortes, Julie Y. Chu, Sebastian Cobarrubias, Glenda Garelli, Charles Heller, Sabine Hess, Bernd Kasparek, Clara Lecadet, Johan Lindquist, Renisa Mawani, Lorenzo Pezzani, Ranabir Samaddar, Amaha Senu, Martina Tazzioli, William Walters

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39

Kenyon, Ian R. Quantum 20/20. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808350.001.0001.

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This text reviews fundametals and incorporates key themes of quantum physics. One theme contrasts boson condensation and fermion exclusivity. Bose–Einstein condensation is basic to superconductivity, superfluidity and gaseous BEC. Fermion exclusivity leads to compact stars and to atomic structure, and thence to the band structure of metals and semiconductors with applications in material science, modern optics and electronics. A second theme is that a wavefunction at a point, and in particular its phase is unique (ignoring a global phase change). If there are symmetries, conservation laws follow and quantum states which are eigenfunctions of the conserved quantities. By contrast with no particular symmetry topological effects occur such as the Bohm–Aharonov effect: also stable vortex formation in superfluids, superconductors and BEC, all these having quantized circulation of some sort. The quantum Hall effect and quantum spin Hall effect are ab initio topological. A third theme is entanglement: a feature that distinguishes the quantum world from the classical world. This property led Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen to the view that quantum mechanics is an incomplete physical theory. Bell proposed the way that any underlying local hidden variable theory could be, and was experimentally rejected. Powerful tools in quantum optics, including near-term secure communications, rely on entanglement. It was exploited in the the measurement of CP violation in the decay of beauty mesons. A fourth theme is the limitations on measurement precision set by quantum mechanics. These can be circumvented by quantum non-demolition techniques and by squeezing phase space so that the uncertainty is moved to a variable conjugate to that being measured. The boundaries of precision are explored in the measurement of g-2 for the electron, and in the detection of gravitational waves by LIGO; the latter achievement has opened a new window on the Universe. The fifth and last theme is quantum field theory. This is based on local conservation of charges. It reaches its most impressive form in the quantum gauge theories of the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions, culminating in the discovery of the Higgs. Where particle physics has particles condensed matter has a galaxy of pseudoparticles that exist only in matter and are always in some sense special to particular states of matter. Emergent phenomena in matter are successfully modelled and analysed using quasiparticles and quantum theory. Lessons learned in that way on spontaneous symmetry breaking in superconductivity were the key to constructing a consistent quantum gauge theory of electroweak processes in particle physics.

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40

Barrett, Jeffrey A. The Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844686.001.0001.

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The book starts with a description of classical mechanics then discusses the quantum phenomena that require us to give up our commonsense classical intuitions. We consider the physical and conceptual arguments that led to the standard von Neumann-Dirac formulation of quantum mechanics and how the standard theory explains quantum phenomena. This includes a discussion of how the theory’s two dynamical laws work with the standard interpretation of states to explain determinate measurement records, quantum statistics, interference effects, entanglement, decoherence, and quantum nonlocality. A careful understanding of how the standard theory works ultimately leads to the quantum measurement problem. We consider how the measurement problem threatens the logical consistency of the standard theory then turn to a discussion of the main proposals for resolving it. This includes collapse formulations of quantum mechanics like Wigner’s extension of the standard theory and the GRW approach and no-collapse formulations like pure wave mechanics, the various many-worlds theories, and Bohmian mechanics. In discussing alternative formulations of quantum mechanics we pay particular attention to the explanatory role played by each theory’s empirical ontology and associated metaphysical commitments and the conceptual trade-offs between theoretical options.

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41

Milonni, Peter W. An Introduction to Quantum Optics and Quantum Fluctuations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199215614.001.0001.

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This book is an introduction to quantum optics for students who have studied electromagnetism and quantum mechanics at an advanced undergraduate or graduate level. It provides detailed expositions of theory with emphasis on general physical principles. Foundational topics in classical and quantum electrodynamics, including the semiclassical theory of atom-field interactions, the quantization of the electromagnetic field in dispersive and dissipative media, uncertainty relations, and spontaneous emission, are addressed in the first half of the book. The second half begins with a chapter on the Jaynes-Cummings model, dressed states, and some distinctly quantum-mechanical features of atom-field interactions, and includes discussion of entanglement, the no-cloning theorem, von Neumann’s proof concerning hidden variable theories, Bell’s theorem, and tests of Bell inequalities. The last two chapters focus on quantum fluctuations and fluctuation-dissipation relations, beginning with Brownian motion, the Fokker-Planck equation, and classical and quantum Langevin equations. Detailed calculations are presented for the laser linewidth, spontaneous emission noise, photon statistics of linear amplifiers and attenuators, and other phenomena. Van der Waals interactions, Casimir forces, the Lifshitz theory of molecular forces between macroscopic media, and the many-body theory of such forces based on dyadic Green functions are analyzed from the perspective of Langevin noise, vacuum field fluctuations, and zero-point energy. There are numerous historical sidelights throughout the book, and approximately seventy exercises.

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42

Brown, Katherine A. Your Country, Our War. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879402.001.0001.

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This book reviews how news intersects with international politics and discusses the global power and reach of the U.S. news media, especially within the context of the post-9/11 era. It is based on years of interviews conducted between 2009 and 2017, in Kabul, Washington, and New York. The book draws together communications scholarship on hegemony and the U.S. news media’s relationship with American society and the government (i.e. indexing and cascading; agenda-building and agenda-setting; framing; and conflict reportage) along with how national bias and ethnocentrism are fixed phenomena in international news. Given the longevity of the U.S. presence in Afghanistan and the Afghan news media’s dramatic proliferation since 2001, Afghanistan provides a fascinating case study for the role of journalists in conflict and diplomacy. By identifying, framing, and relaying narratives that affect the normative environment, U.S. correspondents have played unofficial diplomatic and developmental roles. They have negotiated the meaning of war and peace. Indirectly and directly, they have supported Afghan journalists in their professional growth. As a result, these foreign correspondents have not been merely observers to a story; they have been participants in it. The stories they choose to tell, and how they tell them, can become dominant narratives in global politics, and have directly affected events inside Afghanistan. The U.S. journalists did not just provide the first draft of history on this enduring post-9/11 entanglement between the United States and Afghanistan—they actively shaped it.

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43

Offner, Amy C. Sorting Out the Mixed Economy. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691190938.001.0001.

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In the years after 1945, a flood of U.S. advisors swept into Latin America with dreams of building a new economic order and lifting the Third World out of poverty. These businessmen, economists, community workers, and architects went south with the gospel of the New Deal on their lips, but Latin American realities soon revealed unexpected possibilities within the New Deal itself. In Colombia, Latin Americans and U.S. advisors ended up decentralizing the state, privatizing public functions, and launching austere social welfare programs. By the 1960s, they had remade the country's housing projects, river valleys, and universities. They had also generated new lessons for the United States itself. When the Johnson administration launched the War on Poverty, U.S. social movements, business associations, and government agencies all promised to repatriate the lessons of development, and they did so by multiplying the uses of austerity and for-profit contracting within their own welfare state. A decade later, ascendant right-wing movements seeking to dismantle the midcentury state did not need to reach for entirely new ideas: they redeployed policies already at hand. This book brings readers to Colombia and back, showing the entanglement of American societies and the contradictory promises of midcentury statebuilding. The untold story of how the road from the New Deal to the Great Society ran through Latin America, the book also offers a surprising new account of the origins of neoliberalism.

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44

Flarend, Alice, e Robert Hilborn. Quantum Computing: From Alice to Bob. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857972.001.0001.

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Quantum Computing: From Alice to Bob provides a distinctive and accessible introduction to the rapidly growing fields of quantum information science (QIS) and quantum computing (QC). The book is designed for undergraduate students and upper-level secondary school students with little or no background in physics, computer science, or mathematics beyond secondary school algebra and trigonometry. While broadly accessible, the book provides a solid conceptual and formal understanding of quantum states and entanglement—the key ingredients in quantum computing. The authors give detailed treatments of many of the classic quantum algorithms that demonstrate how and when QC has an advantage over classical computers. The book provides a solid explanation of the physics of QC and QIS and then weds that knowledge to the mathematics of QC algorithms and how those algorithms deploy the principles of quantum physics to solve the problem. This book connects the physics concepts, the computer science vocabulary, and the mathematics, providing a complete picture of how QIS and QC work. The authors give multiple representations of the concept—textual, graphical, and symbolic (state vectors, matrices, and Dirac notation)—which are the lingua franca of QIS and QC. Those multiple representations allow the readers to develop a broader and deeper understanding of the fundamental concepts and their applications. In addition, the book provides examples of recent experimental demonstrations of quantum teleportation and the applications of quantum computational chemistry. The last chapter connects to the growing commercial world of QC and QIS and provides recommendations for further study.

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45

Knopf, Thomas, Alexandra David, Dieter Rehfeld, Frank Hillebrandt, Constance von Rüden, Michael Roos, Silviane Scharl et al. The RITaK Conferences. 2013-2014: Raw Materials, Innovation, Technology of Ancient Cultures - RITaK 1. Editado por Petra Eisenach, Thomas Stöllner e Arne Windler. Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/dbm.139.

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Globally, raw materials play a central role and are a key factor in determining the economic power and growth of modern states, confederations and coalitions. The extraction and supply of raw materials is a main driving force in global trade today, but has also profoundly influenced human economic and cultural history. In order to elucidate the importance of mineral ores in pre-modern societies, PhD students and staff at the Leibniz graduate school “Raw Materials, Innovation and Technology of Ancient Cultures” [RITaK] – a co-operation between the German Mining Museum [Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, DBM] and the Ruhr-University Bochum [RUB] – were involved in interdisciplinary research. This publication contains the results of the international RITaK end-of-project conference, held from the 27th-29th of September, as well as contributions to the RITaK workshop “Perspectives for an Economic Archaeology”, held on the 22nd and 23rd of November 2013. At a theoretical and model-building level, the first seven articles provide archaeological, sociological and economic perspectives on the diverse economic, cognitive, cultural and social feedback processes set in motion by the appropriation and use of raw materials. The following contributions focus on different archaeological and historical cultures in Europe, Central Asia and the Mediterranean area from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Raw material processing and preparation, metal recycling, prehistoric and historic mining, the exchange mechanisms involving raw materials and their products, as well as technology and knowledge transfer, are all covered. Together, the 23 contributions to this volume offer the possibility for intensive engagement with the theme of resources and their influence on and entanglement with human behaviour, mentalities, knowledge acquisition, technological and social developments and even the relationship between people and their environments and the human appropriation of space.

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