Bibliografias temáticas / English language reference

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "English language reference"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024
Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "English language reference"

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Malto, Margielyn A., e Dr Francis Mervin L Agdana. "English lexical reference of minamanwa language". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 5, n.º 3 (2024): 488–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.3.488-502.

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This study focuses on the preservation of the Minamanwa language, an indigenous language spoken by the Mamanwa tribe in the Philippines. Employing a qualitative ethnographic research design, data were collected through observations and interviews with adult members of the Mamanwa community in Barangay Jubgan, Surigao del Norte. The findings reveal 404 Minamanwa words, with a 10.2% similarity to the Visayan language in spelling and pronunciation. Additionally, a mini-dictionary was developed as a lexical reference for the Minamanwa language in English. The study concludes that the Minamanwa language has been influenced by the Visayan language due to daily interactions, and it holds potential for use within schools, particularly in the MTB-MLE program. Recommendations include incorporating the Minamanwa dictionary into language instruction, implementing language programs to preserve indigenous languages, and conducting further research on ethnolinguistic languages in the Philippines. This study contributes to the preservation and recognition of indigenous languages, fostering cultural continuity and pride among Filipino communities.
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Escure, Geneviève. "Anaphoric reference in creoles and noncreoles". Language Variation and Change 5, n.º 2 (julho de 1993): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001484.

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ABSTRACTAnaphoric referential mechanisms are comparatively analyzed in a creole-related set of varieties (the Belizean continuum) and a noncreole language variety (formal and informal styles of American English), with the intent to evaluate the claim that creole languages display linguistic systems distinct from those of other languages. Three categories of topic referents (nominal, pronominal, and periphrastic) are identified in 27 Belizean texts and 12 American texts, and the effect on referent choice of two variables (topic number and stylistic/lectal context) are investigated. Some of the resulting findings inclued: (1) Singl-topic samples display consistent referential strategies in all Belizean lects, whereas multitopic texts indicate lect-linked variations; and (2) Belizean lects are strikingly similar to spontaneous styles of American English, whereas formal American English is markedly distinct in its use of referents, both from Belizean (including acrolects) and from casual English.
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SEHYR, ZED SEVCIKOVA, BRENDA NICODEMUS, JENNIFER PETRICH e KAREN EMMOREY. "Referring strategies in American Sign Language and English (with co-speech gesture): The role of modality in referring to non-nameable objects". Applied Psycholinguistics 39, n.º 5 (17 de abril de 2018): 961–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716418000061.

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ABSTRACTAmerican Sign Language (ASL) and English differ in linguistic resources available to express visual–spatial information. In a referential communication task, we examined the effect of language modality on the creation and mutual acceptance of reference to non-nameable figures. In both languages, description times reduced over iterations and references to the figures’ geometric properties (“shape-based reference”) declined over time in favor of expressions describing the figures’ resemblance to nameable objects (“analogy-based reference”). ASL signers maintained a preference for shape-based reference until the final (sixth) round, while English speakers transitioned toward analogy-based reference by Round 3. Analogy-based references were more time efficient (associated with shorter round description times). Round completion times were longer for ASL than for English, possibly due to gaze demands of the task and/or to more shape-based descriptions. Signers’ referring expressions remained unaffected by figure complexity while speakers preferred analogy-based expressions for complex figures and shape-based expressions for simple figures. Like speech, co-speech gestures decreased over iterations. Gestures primarily accompanied shape-based references, but listeners rarely looked at these gestures, suggesting that they were recruited to aid the speaker rather than the addressee. Overall, different linguistic resources (classifier constructions vs. geometric vocabulary) imposed distinct demands on referring strategies in ASL and English.
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Murphy, Gregory L. "Personal reference in English". Language in Society 17, n.º 3 (setembro de 1988): 317–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500012938.

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ABSTRACTPersonal reference is the use of an expression to pick out a person, as in When did John eat the cookies? or Tell Dr. Elwood that I need to see him. This article explores the social factors involved in how speakers choose a referring expression in a given situation. Five experiments were conducted which presented speakers with scenarios and asked them how they would refer to a particular person in that situation. The results showed that speakers were sensitive to the level of intimacy between the speaker and referent, between the addressee and referent, and between a nonparticipating audience and the referent. To a lesser degree, the relation between the speaker and the addressee also influenced choice of referring expression. The results can be explained by a theory that posits that speakers are attempting to preserve their faces and the faces of their addressees in choosing these terms, and so they avoid references that could be face threatening. This theory can be integrated with current theories of object reference and the choice of address terms. (Reference, address, politeness, personal reference)
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Mohammed, Wafaa Dahham. "A Cultural Based Pragmatic Approach for Analysing English- Arabic Dramatic Cultural References with Reference to Translation". JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 3, n.º 1 (1 de setembro de 2023): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.3.1.3.

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Translation of cultural references can be effective and beneficially achieve various purposes depending on how they are transferred into another language. Virtually, cultural references refer to any word with considerably conceptual effects used for influencing conventional and societal intents. However, cultural references that are relatively belonged to a certain language are not equally observed in culture of another language; they derive their significations from the cultural characteristics of a community. Wherefore, cultural significations suchlike conventions, aesthetic values, and doctrines which are directly concerned with bridging intents lose their intentional importance or even work the opposite in another language. The incompatibility of dramatic references in their stylization of functions will problematically bring unparalleled pragmatic conceptions in both languages. Therefrom, this study objectively aims at: comparing cultural references in both languages, their impacts, and the extents of their influences; testing the validity of the adopted translational procedures in resolving cultural mutual exclusiveness; setting out some translational strategies for
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Dr. Ram Avadh Prajapati. "Conceptual Investigation of the Global Significance of English Language: A Contextual Study with Special Reference to India". Research Ambition an International Multidisciplinary e-Journal 7, n.º II (30 de agosto de 2022): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/ambition/v7n2.02.

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The English language makes the speakers part of the global community. For this reason, no one can claim that English is his own language. It has been seamlessly measured to be the first global as well as comprehensive language with the feasibility of communication. It has become part and parcel of every existing arena of activities and professions. The English language has shown its power in several aspects so it has been adopted as the language of global communication, trade, education, science, aviation, medicine, information technology, entertainment, research, international relations, and other human affairs. Proper acquaintance and efficacy of the English language have become one of the prerequisites of every professional person in the globalized modern age. Most countries have their own native and instinctive languages but for so many activities English is being given preferable positions. Various opportunities are open to those who are efficient in this language. It has the competence to build friendships, economic relationships, social upliftment, advance learning opportunities, and cultural ties as well as communicate thoughts and ideas. In varieties of cultures and activities, it has a very significant role. Many people have a firm belief that there is such a thing as World English but they do not seem to realize that acknowledging it has comprehensive consequences. A language learner may be more sensitive to a few of these effects than others in the near future. We can only make learned estimates about what will happen in the future at this point. World English creates the most desired boarding pass to universalism and global commodity as well as communication. India as a developing country has to take up so many things into consideration. In India, there are hundreds of regional languages and more than twenty languages recognized in its constitution. In spite of having so many languages, the Indian government has adopted the English language as a second language for official activities. Various opportunities are being generated with the help of the English language. The present research article discusses the status of English as a language from a global perspective as well as in the Indian context. The English language became a global language owing to its quality of adaptation, borrowings, feasibility, assimilation, and flexibility.
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VanderPol, Diane, e El Shaimaa Sakr. "Translating reference expertise". Reference Services Review 45, n.º 4 (13 de novembro de 2017): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-05-2017-0015.

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Purpose Librarians have expertise in helping patrons to define their information needs, develop search strategies and navigate the information environment. At Zayed University in the United Arab Emirates, the authors saw a need for the university’s staff to translate that expertise to help patrons to find materials in their native language, even when they cannot speak that language. Design/methodology/approach The authors, one Arabic speaker and one non-Arabic speaker, developed a workshop for their peers outlining strategies for translating our expertise as library professionals. In this paper, the authors share both the strategies for translating expertise that they recommended in the workshop, and information on their process in developing those recommendations. Findings The balance of expertise between the library staff and the patron is somewhat shifted when the search is being conducted in a foreign language. The librarian provides expertise with issues of access. The patron is the expert in her language, the transaction will not be successful without the patron’s contribution and full engagement. Demonstrating a willingness and capability to contribute to the process of searching in the patron’s native language is what is most important. Originality/value While there is evidence that libraries are providing foreign language collections and that librarians are considering how to deliver services to English as a Second Language (ESL) patrons, the literature suggests that the profession is not generally focusing on how English-speaking librarians can use their expertise to help patrons to access materials in their native languages.
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Ehrensvärd, Martin. "Reference in English-Arabic translation". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 53, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2007): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.53.4.05ehr.

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Gray, Richard A. "Sources of Etymological Reference in the English Language". Reference Services Review 14, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 1986): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb048933.

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Crosthwaite, Peter, Yuk Yeung, Xuefei Bai, Li Lu e Yeonsuk Bae. "DEFINITE DISCOURSE-NEW REFERENCE IN L1 AND L2". Studies in Second Language Acquisition 40, n.º 3 (2 de janeiro de 2018): 625–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263117000353.

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AbstractDefinite discourse-new bridging reference (e.g., a school …the teacher; Clark, 1975) is a complex syntax-pragmatic component of referential movement, one that is subject to relatively opaque form-function contingency compared with forms used for discourse-old reference, and one that is especially prone to crosslinguistic influence. Research shows Asian second language (L2) learners of English struggle to produce bridging reference appropriately, yet little research has been done on the L2 production of bridging in Asian languages. We collected oral picture sequence narrative data from 80 lower-intermediate L2 Mandarin learners from first language (L1) English (+ article, n = 23) and L1 Korean and Japanese (- article, n = 57) backgrounds, alongside equivalent L1 data. Speakers of article-L1s were more likely than those from article-less L1s to use numeral + classifier noun phrases (NPs) for nonbridging referents and demonstrative + classifier NPs when introducing bridging referents, essentially (and infelicitously) using these constructions as de facto English-like indefinite/definite articles in their L2 Mandarin production. Speakers of article-less languages infelicitously marked bridging relations with nonbridging forms. These findings confirm substantial crosslinguistic difficulties for the L2 marking of this complex syntax-pragmatic phenomenon across relatively underexplored L1/L2 pairs.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "English language reference"

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Hinrichs, Erhard W. "A compositional semantics for Aktionsarten and NP reference in English". The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272461401.

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Yeung, Ka-wai. "Pragmatics and translation with reference to English-Chinese and Chinese-English examples /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38280097.

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Lee, Pui-wah. "The study of English in China with particular reference to accent and vocabulary". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25334980.

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Liando, Nihta V. F. "Foreign language learning in primary schools with special reference to Indonesia, Thailand and Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arml693.pdf.

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Lau, Chi-leung Allen. "A study of errors made by F4 students in their written English with special reference to determiners". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31943652.

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Pietilä, Päivi. "The English of Finnish Americans with reference to social and psychological background factors and with special reference to age /". Turku : Turun yliopisto, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39086953s.

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Mabunda, Idah. "The impact of zero equivalence on translation with special reference to English and Xitsonga". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1096.

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Thesis ( M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2013.
This study examines the impact of Zero equivalence when translating Xitsonga to English and vice versa. Translation is essential in everyday communication, therefore it is important to choose the accurate equivalent variant during the process if not so misunderstanding occurs especially where the target language has nil elements for a particular concept. In this study semi-structured interview was conducted and it is discovered that in place of zero equivalent variants different strategies were provided by different respondents to overcome the deficiency which target languages experience. Looking for sameness of meaning during communications exposes insufficiency of words, phrases and concepts in translating languages with different culture.
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Bayar, Monia. "Intentionality in translation : with a special reference to Arabic/English translation". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17540.

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This work springs from the subjective need for limiting the translation bias. It has been noticed that a considerable amount of translation is allowed to be published and read mainly due to the importance of its readability in the target language and often overlooking the goal(s) of the source text. This seems to derive from two common presumptions: (1) That a text goal is the result of an irretrievable and indescribable intentionality and (2) That target text readability and the preservation of the source text goal are two incompatible goals of translation. And this is in turn the result of the long lived dichotomy of translation studies into literal and free or text-based and reader oriented approaches. This work attempts to show that both (I) and (2) are misconceptions. Given a reasonable characterisation, intentionality is retrievable from the text itself and revealing of the text goal, the preservation of which does not exclude the readability of the TT and vice versa. Based on pragmatic insights drawn mainly from the Gricean Maxims and Cooperative Principle, Speech Act theory and the Text Linguistic model, this work proceeds to argue the case by analysing three Arabic texts and their twenty-two translations (each text is translated seven to eight times by different translators). These are of three most common types of prose: the expository, the argumentative and the instructive types. The analysis revolves around the identification of the text goal in the SL and its preservation in the TL. During this process a number of models and theories that constitute a controversial view of intentionality are outlined and discussed with a view to breaking the polarity they form and finding a medium path that is apt for charting more plausibly the context, the text and the process of translation. It is hoped that the implications of such work will help improve the quality of translation, provide a more explicit and plausible contribution to the account for the process and to further the effort towards standardising the theory.
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Abu, Libdeh As'ad Jabr. "A discourse perspective on figurative expression in literary works with reference to English". Online version, 1991. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/23337.

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Lawrence, Helen Rachel. "Aspects of English : an examination of aspect within past temporal reference in northern British English". Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341495.

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Livros sobre o assunto "English language reference"

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(Firm), Random House, ed. Random House English language desk reference. New York: Random House, 1995.

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Raventós, Margaret H. Spanish-English, English-Spanish reference dictionary. Princeton: Berlitz Pub. Co., 1999.

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Judy, Pearsall, e Trumble Bill, eds. The Oxford English reference dictionary. 2a ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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1946-, Morris Neil, Morris Roswitha e Prowe Gunhild, eds. The Oxford quick reference German dictionary: German-English, English-German = Deutsch-Englisch, Englisch-Deutsch. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Jeffries, Francis M. The English-language Japanese business reference guide. Poolesville, Md: Jeffries & Associates, 1990.

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(Firm), Random House. Random House Webster's English language desk reference. New York: Random House, 1997.

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Simon, Sweeney, ed. The language of business English: Reference and practice. New York: Prentice Hall International, 1993.

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D, McCawley James, ed. Progress in language: With special reference to English. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1993.

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Ogihara, Toshiyuki. Temporal reference in English and Japanese. Seattle: T. Ogihara, 1992.

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L, Kunka Jennifer, ed. Prentice Hall reference guide. 8a ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson, 2010.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "English language reference"

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Leufkens, Sterre. "Time reference in English indirect speech". In Studies in Language Companion Series, 189–212. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.137.08leu.

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Gilquin, Gaëtanelle. "Chapter 5. Lexical use in spoken New Englishes and Learner Englishes". In Contact Language Library, 120–52. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/coll.60.05gil.

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This chapter, set within the framework of constrained communication, investigates the linguistic effects, in terms of lexical use, of a number of shared and distinct communicative constraints that are thought to play a role in New Englishes and Learner Englishes. Relying on corpora of spoken Hong Kong English (HKE) and Mainland Chinese English (MCE), as well as native British English as a reference, it adopts a twofold methodology combining automatic measures of lexical complexity and a manual examination of lexical choices in a picture description task. The vocabulary used by HKE speakers appears to be more varied and sophisticated than that of MCE speakers, but otherwise the two groups display similar traces of potential L1 influence and employ the same strategies to compensate for limitations on proficiency. Native speakers’ vocabulary tends to be less complex and less formal, which is explained by their better stylistic awareness and possibly their lower task expertise.
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Korzeniowska, Aniela. "Lawrence Venuti in Reference to Polish-English Translation and Cultural Politics". In Second Language Learning and Teaching, 145–57. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00161-6_11.

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Dey, Sadhan Kumar, e Alice Dey. "Digital Pedagogical Paradigm in Language Lab-Based English Teaching for Higher Technical Education". In Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 251–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8744-3_13.

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Ba-awaidhan, Awadh G. "Culture Diversity in G. Hofstede’s Model with Reference to English—Arabic Proverbs". In Second Language Learning and Teaching, 47–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04981-2_4.

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Basu, Anwesha. "Digital English Language Laboratory: Roles, Challenges and Scopes for the Future Development in India". In Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 149–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8744-3_8.

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Broz, Vlatko. "Aspectual properties of the verbal prefix a- in Old English with reference to Gothic". In Studies in Language Companion Series, 235–62. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.138.11bro.

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Klabal, Ondrej. "Chapter 9. Teaching contrastive legal grammar for translators". In Instrumentalising Foreign Language Pedagogy in Translator and Interpreter Training, 156–76. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.161.09kla.

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This chapter instrumentalises an area of foreign language teaching that is often neglected in translation programmes’ curricula, namely the contrastive grammar of specialised languages. More specifically, this chapter addresses the incorporation of the contrastive grammar of legal English and Czech into an English grammar classroom. First, the rationale behind such an approach is presented with reference to the existing legal translation competence models and curricular design. Second, a number of linguistic phenomena encountered in English legal texts, and possibly neglected in English language classes for translators, are discussed from a socio-constructivist training perspective, and a series of exercises is presented that may be used, or adapted for use, by the instructors of such courses to help them cover these specific aspects of English grammar.
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David, Caroline, Laurence Vincent-Durroux, Kerry Mullan, Christine Béal e Cécile Poussard. "Temporal reference in oral narratives produced by French learners of English as a second language". In Studies in Language Companion Series, 305–22. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.228.16dav.

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Sindoni, Maria Grazia, Ilaria Moschini, Elisabetta Adami e Styliani Karatza. "The Common Framework of Reference for Intercultural Digital Literacies (CFRIDiL): Learning as Meaning-Making and Assessment as Recognition in English as an Additional Language Contexts". In Multimodality in English Language Learning, 221–37. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003155300-16.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "English language reference"

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Wijayabandara, H. M. Thisaranie. "English Speech Production of Native Sinhala Speakers with Special Reference to Interlanguage Analysis". In SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/ravq8385.

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Native Sinhala speakers attempt to speak in English even prior to formal education regardless of the errors they make in speech production. This study is focused on interlanguage, the linguistic system behind the learner language of these native speakers, influenced by the first language and the target language. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of the Sinhala language on the English speech production of native speakers. A qualitative research approach was taken to initiate this research with 30 native Sinhala speakers, who informally learnt to speak English. They were asked to interpret a few simple English sentences to Sinhala. Each translated utterance was simultaneously recorded and analyzed to observe the produced patterns of the inter-language. Results indicate that the inter-language production of the speakers was visible in the structure of language and specific grammar rules about spoken English. Syntactic pattern, word order, misidentifying nouns and adjectives, omission of the ‘be verbs’, the misconception of verb tenses, and chaotic pronoun placement are included in the native language influence. The findings of this inter-language analysis concluded that the native language is a dominant factor in second language speech production. Competence in the first language is the main reason for this dominance since the speaker tries to perceive a second language most comfortably. Further, the importance of introducing Psycholinguistics in Sri Lanka is emphasized. Keywords: Inter-language; Learner language; Sinhala language; Speech production; Syntactic structure
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Oliver-Ortega, Helena, Ramon Serrat, Marc Delgado-Aguilar, Quim Tarrès, Manel Alcalà e Pere Mutjé. "INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY USING ENGLISH AS A REFERENCE LANGUAGE". In 12th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2018.2147.

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Sinaga, Megawati, Dr Sumarsih e Rahmad Husein. "Teachers’ Language Style with Reference to Sex Differences in Teaching English". In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aisteel-18.2018.123.

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Chen, Guanyi, e Kees van Deemter. "Lessons from Computational Modelling of Reference Production in Mandarin and English". In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Natural Language Generation. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.inlg-1.33.

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Shaheen, Z., G. Wohlgenannt, B. Zaity, D. I. Mouromtsev e V. G. Pak. "RUSSIAN NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION: CREATION OF A LANGUAGE MODELING DATASET AND EVALUATION WITH MODERN NEURAL ARCHITECTURES". In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-644-657.

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Generating coherent, grammatically correct, and meaningful text is very challenging, however, it is crucial to many modern NLP systems. So far, research has mostly focused on English language, for other languages both standardized datasets, as well as experiments with state-of-the-art models, are rare. In this work, we i) provide a novel reference dataset for Russian language modeling, ii) experiment with popular modern methods for text generation, namely variational autoencoders, and generative adversarial networks, which we trained on the new dataset. We evaluate the generated text regarding metrics such as perplexity, grammatical correctness and lexical diversity.
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"Teaching Culture in Foreign Language Classes with Reference to English and German Departments, College of Languages, Salahaddin University". In 10th International Visible Conference on Educational Studies and Applied Linguistics. Tishk International University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23918/vesal2019.a18.

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O'Toole, Jane Mary. "Widening the lens on technology-mediated Irish language learning policy and practice to enable Irish language, technology, and education policy alignment, integration, and enactment at school level". In EuroCALL 2023: CALL for all Languages. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eurocall2023.2023.16983.

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Learner engagement with the Irish language in English-medium education (EME) in Ireland has been an area of concern in recent years (Inspectorate, 2022; Devitt et al., 2018). The lack of opportunity for learners to experience Irish as a living language outside of school exacerbates the situation. Technology-mediated language learning can provide learners with much-needed opportunities to consolidate Irish language learning as well as engage with the language across a range of authentic contexts and develop language learner networks. As the International Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022-2032 unfolds, this paper explores both Irish language education and digital education policy (Department of Education, 2022) at primary level within the broader context of national Irish language policy. Engagement with the Irish language at primary EME level is firstly explored in parallel with current digital learning policy at school level. Irish language (Government of Ireland, 2010; 2018) and Irish language digital policy (Ní Chasaide et al., 2022) at national level are then examined with reference to Irish language education. The exploration of Irish language policy domains seeks to address the question: how can the development of technology-mediated language learning be optimised in the context of Irish language teaching, learning, and engagement in the EME primary sector? Recommendations to support (technology-mediated) Irish language learning at EME primary level are suggested with reference to potential policy alignment and enactment.
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Van Splunder, Frank, e Geisa Dávila Pérez. "Attitudes towards English in Cuban Higher Education. Recent Developments and Challenges". In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.7911.

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English is used as a lingua franca in an increasing number of domains. In higher education, English has become prominent as the language of course materials, scientific publications, research, as well as teaching, a trend which is particularly noticeable in Europe. In Latin America, however, the surge of English is relatively recent, and within Latin America, Cuba is an interesting case. Whereas learning English was not encouraged in the 1980s, in today’s Cuba English has gained importance, and learning and teaching English has become a priority. The current research explores how Cuban students and lecturers of two different fields (English and Engineering) perceive the growing importance of English in today’s higher education in Cuba. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire conducted at Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba. The results reveal a positive attitude towards English, which most participants perceive as very important for their career prospects. On the other hand, it was found that most respondents overrate their ability to communicate in English. Moreover, they are not acquainted with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), even though the Cuban Ministry of Higher Education has accepted the CEFR as its official standard.
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Dac, Phat Dinh, e Han Nguyen Minh. "A Cognitive Semantics Approach to the Polysemy of the English Preposition “On” and Its Vietnamese Equivalents". In The 4th Conference on Language Teaching and Learning. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.132.21.

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Exploring the shift in meanings of translating the preposition “on” from English to Vietnamese, the study, besides analyzing the cases of the changes in meanings of the preposition, aims at explaining the cases where the preposition “on” is not translated as “trên” and its Vietnamese equivalents under the cognitive semantics approach. The methods of analysis and synthesis of theories from the available data on the preposition “on” as well as the methods of classifying and systematizing prepositions are applied to English-Vietnamese translation. From the collected data, this study reveals the cases of the shift in meanings of “on” and the characteristics of multiple meanings of the preposition under the cognitive semantics approach. In the course of translation, contextual meanings are used in order to convey the meanings appropriately in the Vietnamese style. The research paper can make some contribution to the teaching of translation and make it a reference material for English learners.
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Liu, Shuo-fang, Ping Hsun Hsieh, An Yu Su e Yi Chieh Wu. "Optimization of English Learning App Interfaces through Contextual Learning". In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005392.

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English, as one of the predominant global languages, holds a significant position in cross-cultural communication. English learning apps serve as convenient platforms for autonomous learning, allowing users to engage in language acquisition anytime, anywhere. Currently, the primary user demographic of English learning apps consists of young individuals, who often encounter psychological stress due to content overload and high cognitive load resulting from complex interfaces during their learning journey.Creating a comfortable learning environment can help alleviate anxiety and stress for learners. Therefore, this research aims to optimize and design the user interface of English learning apps with a focus on contextual learning. The objective is to reduce the difficulty of interface usage and minimize cognitive load during the learning process, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of English learning apps.This study employs the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) research method to explore design elements related to the user interface of English learning apps. The optimization of the English learning app interface will involve iterative design, incorporating user trials and feedback evaluations to refine the interface. During the user needs exploration phase, a combination of literature review and semi-structured interviews with users will be utilized to understand their requirements. Data integration will be facilitated through affinity diagrams, and expert panel meetings will aid in transforming design elements and establishing a relationship matrix to derive the final design elements.In the experimental evaluation phase, the target audience will experience the optimized English learning app interface. Subsequent user interviews will be conducted to gather feedback on interface usage, forming the basis for the conclusive results of this study. This approach ensures the research's reference value and accuracy. The study anticipates that interface design centered around contextual learning will serve as a core reference for future research in the field.
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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "English language reference"

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Nikitina, Irina Nikolaevna. LOGICAL-GRAMMATIC ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE WITH A PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION (WITH REFERENCE TO ENGLISH LANGUAGE). Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, dezembro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2019-6-2-176-183.

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Burstein, Jill, Geoffrey LaFlair, Antony Kunnan e Alina von Davier. A Theoretical Assessment Ecosystem for a Digital-First Assessment - The Duolingo English Test. Duolingo, março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46999/kiqf4328.

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The Duolingo English Test is a groundbreaking, digital­first, computer­adaptive measure of English language proficiency for communication and use in English­medium settings. The test measures four key English language proficiency constructs: Speaking, Writing, Reading, and Listening (SWRL), and is aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) proficiency levels and descriptors. As a digital­first assessment, the test uses “human­in­the­loop AI” from end to end for test security, automated item generation, and scoring of test­taker responses. This paper presents a novel theoretical assessment ecosystem for the Duolingo English Test. It is a theoretical representation of language assessment design, measurement, and test security processes, as well as the test­taker experience factors that contribute to the test validity argument and test impact. The test validity argument is constructed with a digitally­informed chain of inferences that addresses digital affordances applied to the test. The ecosystem is composed of an integrated set of complex frameworks: (1) the Language Assessment Design Framework, (2) the Expanded Evidence­Centered Design Framework, (3) the Computational Psychometrics Framework, and (4) the Test Security Framework. Test­taker experience (TTX) is a test priority throughout the test­taking pipeline, such as low cost, anytime/anywhere, and shorter testing time. The test’s expected impact is aligned with Duolingo’s social mission to lower barriers to education access and offer a secure and delightful test experience, while providing a valid, fair, and reliable test score. The ecosystem leverages principles from assessment theory, computational psychometrics, design, data science, language assessment theory, NLP/AI, and test security.
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Furey, John, Austin Davis e Jennifer Seiter-Moser. Natural language indexing for pedoinformatics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), setembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41960.

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The multiple schema for the classification of soils rely on differing criteria but the major soil science systems, including the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the international harmonized World Reference Base for Soil Resources soil classification systems, are primarily based on inferred pedogenesis. Largely these classifications are compiled from individual observations of soil characteristics within soil profiles, and the vast majority of this pedologic information is contained in nonquantitative text descriptions. We present initial text mining analyses of parsed text in the digitally available USDA soil taxonomy documentation and the Soil Survey Geographic database. Previous research has shown that latent information structure can be extracted from scientific literature using Natural Language Processing techniques, and we show that this latent information can be used to expedite query performance by using syntactic elements and part-of-speech tags as indices. Technical vocabulary often poses a text mining challenge due to the rarity of its diction in the broader context. We introduce an extension to the common English vocabulary that allows for nearly-complete indexing of USDA Soil Series Descriptions.
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Mai, Zhefen, Chunli Lu, Zixun Zhuang e Hongxia Ma. Effectiveness and safety of Er-xian Decoction (traditional Chinese medicine) for women with Primary ovarian insufficiency. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, novembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0107.

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Review question / Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Er-xian Decoction in the treatment of primary ovarian insufficiency. Information sources: We will search the following electronic databases, including 3 English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) and 4 Chinese databases (China national knowledge infrastructure database, Wanfang database, Sinomed Database, and VIP database). The filters were English and Chinese language. The following key words in Title/Abstract or MeSH search headings are used: “Er-xian” and “Hormone replacement therapy” or “Femoston” or “Climen” and “Primary ovarian insufficiency” or “Ovarian failure” or “Premature ovarian failure” or “POI” and “random*” or “Randomized controlled trial”. In addition, we also search the grey literature such as conference proceedings and dissertations in CNKI and Wanfang database, and relevant trials will be searched in ClinicalTrial.gov database [20] and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry for unpublished trials and protocols. References of all included studies will be hand searched for additional eligible studies.
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Yang, Yanhui, Yun Luo, Jingwen Kang, Zhanbo Zhao, Changshui Weng e Li Zhang. Efficacy and Safety of Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, novembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0023.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is to evaluate quantitatively the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapies (ESWT) combined comprehensive treatments on hypertrophic scars and keloids compared with comprehensive treatments alone and provide clinicians with an evidence base for their clinical decision making. Information sources: We will search all English and Chinese language articles indexed in PubMed, Medline, the Excerpta Medica database (Embase), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro), Chinese biomedical literature service system(sinomed) before October 2021. In addition to these databases, Google Scholar and the lists of references will be used to carry out citation tracking of the selected studies for identifying any other eligible studies that could have been missed.
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Rada, Maria Patricia, Alexandra Caseriu, Roxana Crainic e Stergios K. Doumouchtsis. A critical appraisal and systematic review of clinical practice guidelines on hormone replacement therapy for menopause: assessment using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) Instrument. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dezembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0089.

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Review question / Objective: To assess the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPC) on hormone replacement therapy for menopause using the AGREE II instrument and to provide a summary of recommendations. Information sources: Literature searches using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research from inception to date will be searched. The search terms include guidelines / guidance / recommendation and hormone replacement therapy related keywords and MeSH terms. National and international organizations websites will be searched individually. Additional searches on the references of the primary included items may help identify any guidelines missed on the primary searches. In the case of more than one published guideline from the same national or international association, only the latest version of the guidelines will be included and evaluated. Any disagreements on inclusion criteria will be addressed through discussion and consensus meeting within the research team. Guidelines published in languages other than English will be considered on an individual basis. Guidelines must be publicly available on a website or in a peer-reviewed publication.
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Qu, Pengda, Jing Huang, Shiqi Wang, Size Li, Qian Hu, Wei Wang e Xiaohu Tang. Efficacy and safety of modified Ermiao decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, julho de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0063.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified Ermiao decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis. Information sources: We will conduct searches of Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), Weipu Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) from their inception to July 2022. In addition, trial registration platforms will also be searched for ongoing or unpublished trials, including International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Centre. The languages of included studies will be restricted in English and Chinese. Medical Subject Headings and free words terms will be used during the retrieval process. The main search terms include “gouty arthritis”, “modified Ermiao”, and “randomized controlled trial.” A draft of the PubMed search strategy is included in Table 1. Similar retrieval strategies will be applied to the other databases mentioned above. We will also search for relevant systematic reviews of using MED for GA and reference lists of eligible studies to improve recall ratio.
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell e Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, julho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Dahm, Philipp, Michelle Brasure, Elizabeth Ester, Eric J. Linskens, Roderick MacDonald, Victoria A. Nelson, Charles Ryan et al. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), setembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer230.

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Objective. To update findings from previous Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)- and American Urological Association (AUA) funded reviews evaluating therapies for clinically localized prostate cancer (CLPC). Sources. Bibliographic databases (2013–January 2020); ClinicalTrials.gov; systematic reviews Methods. Controlled studies of CLPC treatments with duration ≥5 years for mortality and metastases and ≥1 year for quality of life and harms. One investigator rated risk of bias (RoB), extracted data, and assessed certainty of evidence; a second checked accuracy. We analyzed English-language studies with low or medium RoB. We incorporated findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in the prior reviews if new RCTs provided information on the same intervention comparison. Results. We identified 67 eligible references; 17 were unique RCTs. Among clinically rather than prostate specific antigen (PSA) detected CLPC, Watchful Waiting (WW) may increase mortality and metastases versus Radical Prostatectomy (RP) at 20+ years. Urinary and erectile dysfunction were lower with WW versus RP. WW’s effect on mortality may vary by tumor risk and age but not by race, health status, comorbidities, or PSA. Active Monitoring (AM) probably results in little to no difference in mortality in PSA detected CLPC versus RP or external beam radiation (EBR) plus Androgen Deprivation (AD) regardless of tumor risk. Metastases were slightly higher with AM. Harms were greater with RP than AM and mixed between EBR plus AD versus AM. 3D-conformal EBR and AD plus low-dose-rate brachytherapy (BT) provided a small reduction in all-cause mortality versus three dimensional conformal EBR and AD but little to no difference on metastases. EBR plus AD versus EBR alone may result in a small reduction in mortality and metastases in higher risk disease but may increase sexual harms. EBR plus neoadjuvant AD versus EBR plus concurrent AD may result in little to no difference in mortality and genitourinary toxicity. Conventionally fractionated EBR versus ultrahypofractionated EBR may result in little to no difference in mortality and metastases and urinary and bowel toxicity. Active Surveillance may result in fewer harms than photodynamic therapy and laparoscopic RP may result in more harms than robotic-assisted RP. Little information exists on other treatments. No studies assessed provider or hospital factors of RP comparative effectiveness. Conclusions. RP reduces mortality versus WW in clinically detected CLPC but causes more harms. Effectiveness may be limited to younger men or to those with intermediate risk disease and requires many years to occur. AM results in little to no mortality difference versus RP or EBR plus AD. EBR plus AD reduces mortality versus EBR alone in higher risk CLPC but may worsen sexual function. Adding low-dose-rate BT to 3D-conformal EBR and AD may reduce mortality in higher risk CLPC. RCTs in PSA-detected and MRI staged CLPC are needed.
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Book reviews: Room Acoustics: Design and Modeling; Array Signal Processing: Concepts and Techniques; Acoustics in Building Rehabilitation; and Virtual Experiments in Mechanical Vibrations: Structural Dynamics and Signal Processing. Sociedade Brasileira de Acústica (Sobrac), dezembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55753/aev.v37e54.201.

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In this issue, this section presents four book reviews, with the first and the last being written by the authors themselves. A novelty is that all of them are also available in English language (Portuguese versions are also available on page 101). We remind you that the reviews are written in an abbreviated and concise way to summarize the content of the books (on subjects related to the various sciences involving acoustics, vibrations, and audio) and to bring information about the authors (to further contextualize the works). We present reviews of the following books in this issue: Room Acoustics: Design and Modeling (Acústica de Salas: Projeto e Modelagem) Author: Eric Brandão | Blucher, 2016 Array Signal Processing: Concepts and Techniques Authors: Don H. Johnson and Dan E. Dudgeon | Prentice Hall, 1993. Acoustics in Building Rehabilitation (A Acústica na Reabilitação de Edifícios) Author: Jorge Patrício | Engebook, 2018 (4 ed.) Virtual Experiments in Mechanical Vibrations: Structural Dynamics and Signal Processing Authors: Bin Tang and Michael J. Brennan | Wiley, 2022 Eric Brandão, professor of the Acoustical Engineering Program (EAC) at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM, Brazil), presents his book on Room Acoustics (a subject he teaches in the program) — the book was technically revised by William D’Andrea Fonseca (who is an EAC professor as well). The work won the Jabuti Prize (2017) and is in its first revised edition. Next, we have a classic, “Array Signal Processing”, by American professors Don H. Johnson and Dan E. Dudgeon, a must-read for studies on the subject that deal with mechanical or electromagnetic waves. The third book is authored by Jorge Patrício (professor in Portugal), who is a reference in Building Acoustics. Finally, we have the book “Virtual Experiments in Mechanical Vibrations: Structural Dynamics and Signal Processing”, by Bin Tang and Michael J. Brennan, who write the review of their own book (an international collaboration). We hope that reading the reviews offers an initial understanding and good impression about the studies and awakens the desire to know them in their entirety: an excellent way to expand knowledge and keep up to date in the field.
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