Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "English language, dictionaries, bantu"
Siga este link para ver outros tipos de publicações sobre o tema: English language, dictionaries, bantu.
Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos
Veja os 50 melhores artigos de revistas para estudos sobre o assunto "English language, dictionaries, bantu".
Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.
Veja os artigos de revistas das mais diversas áreas científicas e compile uma bibliografia correta.
1
Prinsloo, Danie J. "Electronic Dictionaries viewed from South Africa". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 18, n.º 34 (8 de março de 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v18i34.25798.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The aim of this article is to evaluate currently available electronic dictionaries from a South African perspective for the eleven official languages of South Africa namely English, Afrikaans and the nine Bantu languages Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana, Tsonga and Venda. A brief discussion of the needs and status quo for English and Afrikaans will be followed by a more detailed discussion of the unique nature and consequent electronic dictionary requirements of the Bantu languages. In the latter category the focus will be on problematic aspects of lemmatisation which can only be solved in the electronic dictionary dimension.
2
Stafecka, Anna. "Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot project". Acta Baltico-Slavica 34 (31 de agosto de 2015): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2010.004.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot projectDialectologists from Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia and the Department of Language History and Dialectology of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language, have developed a proposal for a joint project entitled, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, which is intended to demonstrate the close kinship of these two Baltic languages. A pilot project, supported by a grant from the University of Latvia and Directorate for the Millenium of Lithuania has been carried out between 2006 and 2008 to determine what the form and eventual content of such an atlas might be.In 2009 a summary of work carried out on the pilot project on Atlas of the Baltic Languages, Prospect has been published which includes 12 geolinguistic maps, with commentary in Latvian, Lithuanian and English. The publication also contains in the introduction homage paid to the living and extinct Baltic languages, as well as an overview of the history of the study of dialects in both countries and the characteristics and regional distribution of the dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian. The publication also describes the principles followed in creating these geolinguistic maps and associated commentary.This article describes recent progress made in research on the regional distribution of dialects of both Baltic languages. For more than a century research on the dialects of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages has taken place in parallel, separately gathering data on the various dialects of each respective language. It is, therefore, necessary first to examine, briefly, the histories of the respective geolinguistic research endeavours.The first records of differences between the territorial extents and diversity of Latvian and Lithuanian are to be found in surviving grammars and dictionaries of these languages compiled in the 17th century.The first map showing the geographical reach of the Lithuanian language is to be found in the grammar compiled in 1876 by Friedrich Kurschat. The first geolinguistic map of the Latvian language was published in 1892 by August Bielenstein.The systematic efforts at gathering Latvian and Lithuanian non-material cultural assets date from the second half of the 19th century. A new chapter in the study of Lithuanian and Latvian dialects began in the 1950s after a decision was taken to produce atlases of the two languages. At the end of the 20th century the atlases of the Lithuanian and Latvian language were published. This was the main basis for joint project – The Atlas of the Baltic LanguagesThe maps created in the framework of the pilot project, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, show the principal grouping of most terms used by the speakers of these two living Baltic languages. An in-depth geolinguistic study of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages could produce important findings in the field of the history of the Baltic peoples. Атлас балтийских языков: проект разработкиВ 2009 году был издан сигнальный проект Baltu valodu atlants (Атлас балтийских языков), в котором кроме 12 геолингвистических карт с комментариями на латышском, литовском и аглийском языках, дана обширная вступительная часть, посвященная живым и мертвым балтийским языкам, краткая история диалектологических исследований обеих стран, характеристика и распространение диалектов латышского и литовского языков, а также принцип составления карт и комментариев. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли предыдущие геолингвистические исследования и собранные по вопроснику диалектные материалы обоих балтийских языков.В течение более столетия исследования диалектов литовского и латышского языков развивались параллельно. Языковые в диалектные данные были собраны и обработаны в отдельности для каждого языка. Необходимо затем проследить историю геолингвистических исследований диалектов обоих языков.Первые сведения о территориальных различиях латышского и литовского языков были отнесены уже в грамматиках и словарях XVII века.Первую карту распространения литовского языка предложил Фридрих Куршат (Friedrich Kurschat) в изданной в 1876 году грамматике литовского языка.В 1892 году была издана первая геолингвистическиая карта латышского языка, ее автором был священник немецкой национальности Август Биленштайн (August Bielenstein).Во второй половине XIX века в Европе собирались этнографические материалы и исследовались местные языковые особенности. В это же время появляются первые программы собирания латышской и литовской нематериальной культуры. Новый период в исследовании латышских и литовских диалектов начался в 50-ые годы XX века, когда было решено издать атласы литовского и латышского языков. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли изданные в конце XX века диалектологические атласы литовского и латышского языков, составленные в нем карты показывают их общие лексические ареалы.
3
Nesi, Hilary. "Dictionary use by English language learners". Language Teaching 47, n.º 1 (6 de dezembro de 2013): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444813000402.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Research into dictionary use does not have a long history. Although publishers recognised in the 1960s that ‘dictionaries should be designed with a special set of users in mind’ (Householder 1967: 279) there were extremely few empirical user studies before the 1980s – Welker's most recent survey (2010) lists only six. The subsequent surge of interest in this field was fuelled by big changes to dictionary content and design in the 1980s and 1990s, changes that were particularly evident in dictionaries for learners of English as a foreign language, conventionally known as ‘learners’ dictionaries’. In the space of a few years the Oxford advanced learner's dictionary, generally considered to be the earliest advanced learners’ dictionary (first published under a different title in 1942, with subsequent editions in 1948, 1963, 1974 and 1989) was joined by two new competitors: the Longman dictionary of contemporary English (first edition 1978, second edition 1987) and the COBUILD English dictionary (1987). In 1995 all three of these advanced learners’ dictionaries brought out new editions, and a fourth, the Cambridge international dictionary of English, was launched. These dictionaries, sometimes referred to as ‘the big four’ (Bogaards 1996, De Schryver 2012 and others), drew on Eastern European traditions of lexical description, the illustrative practices of American children's dictionaries, and insights from English language teaching pedagogies. Each had its own distinctive layout and defining style, prompting a spate of comparative studies intended to help users make appropriate purchasing choices, and to help publishers improve their design still further, for example by changes to the entry microstructure. A fifth such dictionary, the Macmillan English dictionary for advanced learners, appeared in 2002.
4
Nakao, Keisuke. "English-Japanese Learners' Dictionaries". International Journal of Lexicography 2, n.º 4 (1989): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/2.4.295.
Texto completo da fonte
5
Lubensky, Sophia, O. P. Benyuch e G. V. Chernov. "Russian-English English-Russian: Hippocrene Practical Dictionaries". Modern Language Journal 72, n.º 1 (1988): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327607.
Texto completo da fonte
6
Bradley, Philip. "English-language dictionaries, past and present". Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 15, Issue 2 15, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 1986): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.1986.15.2.12.
Texto completo da fonte
7
Yordanova, Milena. "Dictionaries for English Language Teaching in the Bulgarian Revival". Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 49, n.º 5 (20 de outubro de 2022): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for22.555rech.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The article presents an analytical review of the available bilingual dictionaries (Bulgarian-English and English-Bulgarian) that were used during the Bulgarian Revival for English language teaching. A quantitative analysis of the dictionaries is made, with special attention paid to the selection of the vocabulary included in them. The specific features of the appendices placed at the end of the dictionaries are discussed. The characteristics of the dictionaries are examined from a linguistic and philological perspective.
8
Prinsloo, D. J. "Detection and lexicographic treatment of salient features in e-dictionaries for African languages1". International Journal of Lexicography 33, n.º 3 (27 de novembro de 2019): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecz031.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract As for many e-dictionaries across the globe, e-dictionaries for African languages embarked on the unfortunate route of being ‘paper dictionaries on computer’ often simply enhanced with additional search features or simply by perpetuating the practice followed in paper dictionaries of compiling e-dictionaries which are just translated word lists. In this article it will be argued that e-dictionaries for African languages should firstly be compiled through maximum utilization of ‘true electronic’ features enabled by the computer era. Secondly, specific attention should be given to the salient features of the Bantu language family, taking Sepedi (Northern Sotho) as a case in point. Thirdly attention is given to the issue of dictionary survival in the information era and how innovative e-support systems can contribute to ensure that future dictionaries will remain the preferred point of departure for users for information retrieval.
9
Kaye, Alan S., Marcel Lemmens e Herman Wekker. "Grammar in English Learners' Dictionaries". Language 64, n.º 2 (junho de 1988): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415467.
Texto completo da fonte
10
Lew, Robert. "Dictionaries for learners of English". Language Teaching 49, n.º 2 (18 de março de 2016): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026144481500049x.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The Department of Lexicography and Lexicology at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań has done extensive research on dictionary use in the context of language teaching and learning. The department forms part of the Faculty of English, which is the largest institution in continental Europe educating teachers of English at the B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. levels. Therefore, it is only natural that the language-teaching potential of dictionaries is the main focus of the studies undertaken in the Department.
11
Zhang, Xuhua, e Anna Jia Gander. "treatment of phraseology in Chinese–English dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries for learners". Lexicography 8, n.º 2 (17 de dezembro de 2021): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/lexi.20889.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
There is little doubt that phraseology is at the heart of all language use. This paper examines the treatment of phraseology in two influential Chinese–English dictionaries and four Chinese dictionaries for learners. Two high-frequency characters, namely eat and hit, were selected due to their highly polysemous and phraseological nature, and their phraseological behaviors examined in the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese. The entries in the Chinese–English dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries for learners for eat and hit were examined and their dictionary records compared with the results of the previous corpus-based study. The corpus-based identification and categorization of the phraseological behaviors of eat and hit revealed that some multi-character expressions could not be covered by the terms offered by the existing taxonomy (Sag et al., 2002). Accordingly, the taxonomy was revised for the appropriate categorization of Chinese phraseology. Comparisons between corpus-based findings and entry records in Chinese–English dictionaries showed a convergence in the overall treatment of phraseology in Chinese–English dictionaries. By contrast, inconsistencies in the learners’ dictionaries were observed. It was also found that the two Chinese–English dictionaries agree with each other on the overall inclusion and exclusion of phrases. Again, we also observed many differences in the way phrases are treated between Chinese–English dictionaries and learners’ dictionaries and also among the four learners’ dictionaries. It is worth noting that hardly any of the verb-particle constructions observed in the corpus are included in the dictionaries under observation. We propose that these constructions should also be treated as phrases and the dictionaries would be more user-friendly if these phrases were not hidden in the other longer phrases, and were given the same status as the headwords. A larger corpus and sampling in the future would better characterize the taxonomy of Chinese phraseology and provide more conclusive findings.
12
Maksetova, N., e Z. Uteshova. "Linguistic characteristics of english dictionaries and their new ways of compiling". Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке, n.º 1 (30 de maio de 2022): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/innovations-in-edu-vol-iss1-pp77-79.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The main trends in the development of English lexicography are described, British, American and Russian dictionaries are singled out, which are the most important in the history of English lexicography. Much attention is paid to the classification of dictionaries and the characteristics of the main types of dictionaries in the English language. The structure of dictionaries and dictionary entries is analyzed on the material of English dictionaries.
13
Orlando, Maximiliano Eduardo. "A comparative analysis of online English language dictionaries and online Portuguese language dictionaries from the perspective of learning Portuguese as a foreign language". DIGILEC: Revista Internacional de Lenguas y Culturas 10 (23 de outubro de 2023): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/digilec.2023.10.0.9886.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
There are studies that have analysed Portuguese language dictionaries and that have highlighted the importance of the presence of examples in dictionaries (Santiago, 2012; Lu, 2018). Owing to this importance, it was decided to compare the frequencies of examples of two sets of words, namely, contrastive words and verbs that may convey recommendation or advice. These frequencies were obtained from a sample of the main body of Portuguese language dictionaries that are available online and from a sample of the main body of online English language dictionaries that have an orientation towards learning English as a foreign language. This comparison was carried out by using a search bar and a software application created by the author. From the analyses of the data which had been collected, it was argued that, in some cases, learners of Portuguese as a foreign language would have to make use of other sources of examples to learn to use the target words. On the other hand, in similar cases, the need to use sources of examples apart from those presented in the main body of the target English language dictionaries, while learning the English language, could be reduced. The pedagogical implications of this argument for learning and teaching Portuguese as a foreign language were presented. The limitations of the present study and future research possibilities were also discussed.
14
Bogaards, P. "Dictionaries for Learners of English". International Journal of Lexicography 9, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 1996): 277–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/9.4.277.
Texto completo da fonte
15
Volkov, Yuri. "The Term "Information" in English-Language Dictionaries". Legal Linguistics, n.º 29(40) (1 de outubro de 2023): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/leglin(2023)2906.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The article covers the study of the issue of the origin and interpretation of the meanings of the term information based on entries in English-language dictionaries. Primary attention is paid to the content of entries in law dictionaries and encyclopedias of English-speaking countries. The issue is part of the problem of etimology and semantics of the term information. The article describes the methodology for selecting sources for analysis, comparative characteristics of sources. Based on the presented dictionary and encyclopedia entries, a conclusion is made about the interpretation of the term information that is typical for English law dictionaries. The results of the study can be used in legislation to clarify the meaning of individual definitions, in legal practice to clarify international documents, in expert activities for the interpretation of legal texts, as well as in the educational process for the training of philologists and lawyers.
16
Xia, Lixin. "Treatment of Pragmatic Information in the Chinese-English Dictionary". South Asian Research Journal of Arts, Language and Literature 4, n.º 5 (2 de dezembro de 2022): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjall.2022.v04i05.002.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The study aims to investigate the pragmatic information in Chinese-English dictionaries. A general survey was made to examine the status quo of the pragmatic information in the existing Chinese-English dictionaries. It was found that all large- and medium-sized dictionaries under investigation provided some pragmatic information. However, these dictionaries only provided the pragmatic information about the Chinese headword but not the English equivalent. The author argues that since the target users of these dictionaries are Chinese EFL learners, they should state clearly the pragmatic differences between the headword in the source language and the equivalent in the target language. Moreover, the cultural notes provided should be focused on the English equivalents instead.
17
Hung, Tony T. N. "‘New English’ words in international English dictionaries". English Today 18, n.º 4 (outubro de 2002): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078402004042.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
How such words are–and might be–handledThe author argues that, with the development of English as a world language and the burgeoning of new varieties of English (‘New Englishes’, or NE's), and with the inclusion of more and more NE words in international English dictionaries, there is a need for systematic and principled solutions to the proper phonetic representation of these words, instead of arbitrarily imposing the same transcription conventions on them as for ‘Old’ varieties of English (‘Old Englishes’, or OE's).
18
Zhao, Dan, e Hai Xu. "Improving the Compilation of English–Chinese Children's Dictionaries: A Children's Cognitive Perspective". Lexikos 32 (2022): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5788/32-1-1681.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
hildren's dictionaries have existed for more than one thousand years in China, and play an important role in children's learning. However, many of those produced in China are deficient in the selection of the wordlist, in exemplification, and in definition. This paper aims at improving the compilation of English–Chinese children's dictionaries (ECCDs) from a children's cognitive perspective. Children's dictionaries should not only be an abridgement or simplification of dictionaries for adults, because their target user group is immature, uninformed and untrained children. Informed by some innovations in current English learner's dictionaries, this paper proposes that the making of ECCDs needs to be improved in the following aspects. Firstly, instead of lexicographers' intuition, the selection of headwords should be based on an English corpus for Chinese children. Secondly, the words used in examples should be congruent with children's limited cognitive and learning abilities. Thirdly, a multifaceted method of explanation should be provided in order to assist children in understanding the meaning of headwords. Keywords: English–Chinese children's dictionaries, user focus, children's corpus, headwords, children's cognitive ability, illustrations, examples
19
Nimani, Valbone Zeqiraj. "The Role of Business Dictionaries". European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2016): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v4i1.p218-228.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
English language is an international language or one can freely say that it is an everyday language no matter which country you live in or which country you come from. We can say so, considering the fact that business has become one of the life neccesities and knowing that doing bussines means having to do with different people from all over the world, and the language used in every field is English. Nowadays no studies, no travelling, no business can be run without being able to speak English language. In response to these needs, this article is an attempt to provide a guided approach to ESP dictionaries design for business students at tertiary level.. When designing an English course, the primary issue is the analysis of learners’ specific needs and the appropriate literature that suits those needs. Learners want to learn EOP ( English for Occupational Purpose), EBE (English for Business and Economics), EAP (English for Academic Purposes) etc, all for instrumental reasons. Some learners are preparing for future jobs in which they will use English, whereas others want to learn it to improve their current job performance in dealing with particular partners or customers. All of these purposes can be achieved only by using the proper dictionary which will enable learners to learn their ESP in a faster and easier way. A bilingual dictionary is necessary due to the level of the students at the beginning. An english-english one is only used with advanced learners. It is absolutely necessary to use one, but very often teachers first have to teach learners how to take advantage of it and take time to work with examples on the different meanings depending on the context.
20
Desnaranti, Laila, Febby Pratama Putra e Wahyu Utama. "The Analysis of Digital English Dictionary Used by Non-English Major Undergraduate Students". Acitya: Journal of Teaching and Education 4, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2022): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/ajte.v4i1.3217.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Dictionary has an important role in the language learning process where the dictionary is used as a learning tool. As a learning tool, dictionary can be used independently because there a lot of features in it such as meaning, pronunciation, types of words, word order and structure. At present, dictionaries available in two versions, they are printed and digital versions which can be in the form of websites or applications. The aim of this research is to find out the use of English digital dictionaries by undergraduate students, especially majoring in non-English language program. Based on the results of interviews with informants and a questionnaire administered to 67 students, this study used a qualitative descriptive method with data analysis. The results of the study found that digital dictionaries are used for language learning, translation and to improve English knowledge. It is strongly suggested to government to give access to the internet since those dictionaries sometimes use network. The developer of the application is also encouraged to make it accessible offline. The research team also suggest for future researcher to find out about the effect of using a digital dictionary on English learning.
21
Walker, C. "The Treatment of Collocation by Learners' Dictionaries, Collocational Dictionaries and Dictionaries of Business English". International Journal of Lexicography 22, n.º 3 (4 de junho de 2009): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecp016.
Texto completo da fonte
22
Chukwuogor, Mbanefo. "Examples in Igbo-English Dictionaries". UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, n.º 1 (31 de julho de 2020): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i1.8.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
A bilingual dictionary example is a verbal or non-verbal phrase or a grammatically complete sentence that includes the lemma and is translated from the source language to the target language or vice versa (Toope 1996). The use of examples in bilingual dictionaries has been an issue of discussion for many lexicographers like Al Kasimi (1977), Zofgen (1991), Jacobsen et al (1991), and Nielsen (2014) among others. This issue includes questions like ‘What is an effective example?’, ‘Should examples be based on authentic material or should they be written (invented) by the lexicographer? This paper reviews metalexicographic literature on examples in bilingual dictionaries while focusing on two Igbo-English dictionaries with a view to finding out if certain considerations were taken into account in the use of examples. Consequently, it is observed that factors such as availability of space, dictionary type as well as idiosyncratic information, amount of information to be given and the need for generalization all influence the use of examples in both dictionaries thereby leading the researcher to conclude that the use of examples in Igbo-English dictionaries does not deviate but aligns with the norms reviewed in the literature.
Keywords: Bilingual Dictionary, Metalexicography, Lemma, Examples
23
Kaminska, Iryna. "Aspects of using dictionaries in the process of academic English teaching and acquisition". Scientific Visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 66, n.º 3 (2019): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-66-3-108-113.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In the article, the linguistic characteristics of academic English are considered. The vocabulary and genres of academic English are addressed. The types of dictionaries currently available to university students are defined. It is established that academic language is linguistically diverse across discourses, genres, and disciplines. The variations in academic language demand a range of linguistic skills from students. Learners therefore need access to language tools, notably dictionaries, in their studies. The analysis of the respective dictionaries demonstrates that none of them is suitable for academic English acquisition. They are too comprehensive in coverage, contain linguistically demanding definitions and offer little encoding information. A need for dictionaries that would meet the students’ demands is defined.
24
Garibyan, Armine, Daria Koroleva, Brigitta Mittmann e Thomas Herbst. "Strategies of fair lexicography – how present-day dictionaries of English show respect". Lexicographica 38, n.º 1 (1 de novembro de 2022): 363–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2022-0012.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract This article investigates the ways in which present-day monolingual dictionaries of the English language show respect towards groups of people. On the basis of the analysis of selected entries of the most recent editions of English learners’ dictionaries and the Concise Oxford Dictionary we outline five different strategies employed in these dictionaries to avoid discrimination of and offensiveness towards other people. The analysis comprises the phrasing of definitions, illustrations, the selection of examples, the choice of headwords as well as usage notes in comparison to data obtained from English corpora.
25
Taj Abbasi, Wajahat, Mudassar Mahmood Ahmad e Faiza Abdalla Elhussien Mohammed. "Learners’ Perceptions of Monolingual Dictionaries in Learning English as a Foreign Language". International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, n.º 3 (31 de julho de 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.3p.10.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Dictionary is an acknowledged learning tool which has a tremendous role in acquiring a language. It has proved to be helpful in learning vocabulary and developing language proficiency. The use of monolingual dictionaries is thought to be very fruitful for learning vocabulary. The present study used survey method to gain the perception of the students about the use of monolingual dictionaries for learning EFL. The study also used interviews of EFL teachers to support the findings of the study by eliciting their perceptions about the use of dictionaries by students. A questionnaire was administered in two governmental secondary schools of Zulfi, Saudi Arabia. It was sent to 99 students but a number 92 students responded. Internal reliability of the questionnaire was.81. Descriptive statistical methods were used for analyzing the quantitative data. Additional interviews with 9 teachers were also conducted to support the findings of the questionnaire. Collective thematic analysis of all interviews was conducted to analyze the qualitative data. The results showed that students have positive views about the use of dictionaries for learning EFL; they prefer to use monolingual dictionaries, but they cannot truly use them because bilingual dictionaries are easier and more helpful for them in translation as well as their process of learning English language due to their low proficiency levels. The paper puts forth some recommendations and suggestions that will be helpful for using monolingual dictionaries. It concludes by focussing on the problems in handling monolingual dictionaries.
26
Gabrovšek, Dušan. "The Bilingual Usage Dictionary". ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 17, n.º 2 (30 de outubro de 2020): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.17.2.47-59.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The paper highlights the dictionary of English usage as a type of specialized language dictionary. Such dictionaries have been created in either the time-honored prescriptivist tradition or the more recent descriptivist one. Virtually all dictionaries of English usage are monolingual, i.e. all-English. While most dictionaries of English usage have been designed for native speakers of English, there are also a few notable works made particularly for non-native speakers of the language. The main part of the paper is devoted to the suggestion and formulation of guidelines for creating a bilingual, specifically English/Slovene encoding-oriented usage dictionary as a useful, reliable, varied, and user-friendly work of reference intended primarily for advanced-level Slovene speakers of English. The dictionary offers some features that are uncommon in today’s dictionaries, especially the use of both languages in many entries, and some entries challenging the user to find the solution to the language problem listed for themselves. The final section presents 20 selected entries from the envisioned usage dictionary.
27
Xu, H. "Exemplification Policy in English Learners' Dictionaries". International Journal of Lexicography 21, n.º 4 (29 de maio de 2008): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecn015.
Texto completo da fonte
28
Bergh, Gunnar, e Sölve Ohlander. "A Hundred Years of Football English: A Dictionary Study on the Relationship of a Special Language to General Language". Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, n.º 32 (15 de dezembro de 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2019.32.02.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
General-purpose dictionaries may be assumed to reflect the core vocabulary of current language use. This implies that subsequent editions of a desk dictionary should mirror lexical changes in the general language. These include cases where special-language words have become so familiar to the general public that they may also be regarded as part of general language. This is the perspective of the present study on English football vocabulary, where a set of well-known football words – dribble, offside, etc. – are investigated as to their representation in five editions of the Concise Oxford Dictionary (1911–2011), and in four of the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (1948–1995). Two other dictionaries are also consulted: the Oxford Dictionary of English (2010) and – for first occurrences of the words studied – the Oxford English Dictionary. It is shown that, over the past hundred years, football vocabulary has gradually, at an accelerating pace, become more mainstream, as demonstrated by the growth of such vocabulary (e.g. striker, yellow card) in subsequent dictionary editions. Yet, some football terms make an esoteric impression, e.g. nutmeg ‘play the ball through the opponent’s legs’. Interestingly, such words also tend to be included in present-day dictionaries. Thus, football language is in a state of constant flux, responding to developments in and around the game. This is reflected in the dictionaries studied. In conclusion, due to the status and media coverage of the “people’s game” today, English general-purpose dictionaries have increasingly come to recognize much of its vocabulary as part of general language.
29
McArthur, Tom. "Guides to tomorrow's English". English Today 14, n.º 3 (julho de 1998): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400010312.
Texto completo da fonte
30
Тодоровић, Милан Д., e Наташа А. Спасић. "DEFINING THE SAME LEXEMES IN ONLINE DICTIONARIES: A CASE STUDY OF THREE POPULAR MONOLINGUAL ENGLISH DICTIONARIES". Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу 14, n.º 28 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21618/fil2328209t.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In this paper we presented the different ways in which three monolingual online English dictionaries (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online, Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries and Merriam-Webster Dictionary) define the same lexemes that belong to different language levels (from A1 to B2). Aside from the formal elements present in all of the (online) dictionaries – part of speech, pronunciation, examples, register, pictures and synonyms, we highlighted the very nature of the definitions. We studied two lexemes for each of the language levels. When analising individual examples we employed the descriptive method, while the comparison method was used to point out the key differences in which these dictionaries define concepts such as: artist, government, immortal, meanwhile, etc. The aim of the analysis and comparison was to highlight which of the aforementioned dictionaries would be suitable for high school students to use when learning English as a foreign language. We came to the following conclusions – Longman and Oxford dictionaries break down the more complex meanings into digestible instances and use language that is appropriate for the language level of the desired lexeme. Webster’s dictionary is more formal and often uses sentence patterns and words that are above the language level of the target lexeme.
31
Alhatmi, Sultan. "A Survey Study of the Dictionary Use Sub-strategies of English Majors in Saudi Arabia: Dictionary Related Aspects". English Language Teaching 12, n.º 3 (11 de fevereiro de 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n3p139.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study explored the sub-strategies Saudi English majors use most when consulting the dictionary. In particular, it looked at the aspects of the dictionary use strategy relevant to the dictionary itself rather than the lookup words (mainly purposes for consulting the dictionary, means of dictionary ownership and type of dictionary consulted). The participants were 90 English major students enrolled in an English undergraduate program at the Department of European Languages at King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. A survey questionnaire adapted from the literature was used to collect data for the study. The results showed that the learners’ strategic preferences were largely affected by the features they liked (e.g. free dictionaries, the ease of use and search as well as portability of tech-based digital dictionaries) or disliked (e.g. the difficulty of search and use in paper dictionaries as well as their heavy weight and high thickness) most about dictionaries. Thus, they preferred to either download dictionary apps to their phones from application stores or go online whenever they needed to consult a dictionary for a word. Moreover, in terms of dictionary types, learners favored the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary (language-wise), dictionary apps and online dictionaries (medium-wise) and the ordinary dictionary (content-wise). Also, they consulted the dictionary no more than five times a day and tended to look up more words when consulting tech-based (digital) dictionaries than when using paper dictionaries. Finally, they used their dictionaries mainly to understand new words while reading.
32
Cowie, A. P. "Pedagogical Descriptions of Language: Lexis". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 10 (março de 1989): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001306.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Any account of the lexcial description of English with reference to second language teaching over the past decade is essentially a review of developments in pedagogical lexicography over the same period. It is not simply that English monolingual dictionaries designed for foreign learners have increased astonishingly in number, variety, and authority throughout this time (McArthur 1989, Zgusta 1989); it is also the case that much recently published lexical analysis with an applied linguistic focus has either had the partial aim of improving existing dictionaries (Herbst 1984, Bolinger 1985) or been a preliminary to the compilation of new ones (Cowie 1981, Sinclair 1985).
33
Skoumalová, Hana. "Bridge Dictionaries as Bridges Between Languages". Text Corpora and Multilingual Lexicography 6, n.º 3 (17 de dezembro de 2001): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.6.si.09sko.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Bridge dictionaries are a new sort of dictionary for learners of English. They are based on the monolingual Cobuild learners’ dictionaries, and they are partly translated—they contain translated definitions and translation equivalents. This paper shows the possible ways of exploiting Bridge dictionaries for creating new bilingual or multilingual dictionaries. One possible way is to extract corresponding translation equivalents, edit them, and make a new printed dictionary. As both sides of such a dictionary were originally created as translations from English, the dictionary requires quite a lot of lexicographic work. Another possibility is to create an electronic version of the dictionary “as is”. For this purpose, it is necessary to convert the dictionary first into SGML format and define its DTD. This format can then serve as a standard for future Bridge dictionaries and adding new language modules to existing dictionaries would be quite easy.
34
Szpila, Grzegorz. "ANGLICISMS IN CONTEMPORARY UPPER SORBIAN – ENGLISH / ENGLISH – UPPER SORBIAN DICTIONARIES". Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 132, n.º 4 (2015): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.15.025.4432.
Texto completo da fonte
35
Summers, Della. "English Language Teaching dictionaries: past, present, and future". English Today 4, n.º 2 (abril de 1988): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400013274.
Texto completo da fonte
36
Lovtsevich, Galina N., e Alexander A. Sokolov. "World Englishes and learner lexicography: View from the Expanding Circle". Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, n.º 3 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 703–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-3-703-721.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This article analyzes a World Englishes paradigm shift in four monolingual English-language learners dictionaries designed to meet the reference needs of people learning English as a non-native language in the Expanding Circle. The study investigates the question of how modern learners dictionaries reflect the current global status of English. The dictionary focus on educational learner needs exclusively seems to ignore the todays range and depth of the socio-cultural functions of global English. The authors examine the dictionaries coverage of non-Inner Circle varieties of English and, in particular, analyze culture-loaded borrowings from Northeast Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, and Russia) where English is widely used for intercultural communication. The particular interest is in the way the dictionaries define such entries and represent non-English cultures and identities of their speakers from the Expanding Circle through borrowings. Analysis of the wordlists of learners dictionaries reveals an ethnocentric approach in compiling the dictionaries. This is manifested both in the patchy coverage of non-Inner Circle varieties of English in the dictionaries and in the inexplicable selections of borrowings to be included. Words associated with the Northeast Asian countries tend to be selected arbitrarily and according to Western rather than regional culture priorities. Anglocentricity is also evident in the definitions of the headwords related to Northeast Asia. The majority of the borrowings are defined in British or American terms without any perspective of the culture from which the words arise. The authors conclude that the representation of non-English cultures in learners dictionaries is ideological and ethnocentric and therefore cannot meet the challenges of the globalized world.
37
Durmaz, Assist Prof Yakup, Busra Nur DURMAZ e Gulcin DUDUKCU. "THE EFFECTS OF MONOLINGUAL AND BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES ON EFL LEARNING FOR STUDENTS AT DBE AT METU". JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 6, n.º 2 (21 de março de 2016): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v6i2.2960.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Dictionaries are the most importantpart of second language acquistion since they are used at every level of language learning. People use them while writing, reading, watching movies or listening to music in the language they are learning. They may choose different dictionaries for different activities since there are different types of dictionaries including monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. We focused on these two types of dictionaries in this research and we examined reasons behind the usage of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries among ESL students at Metu DBE ( Department of Basic English)
38
El-Sawy, Hosam ElDeen Ahmed. "Electronic and Student-created Dictionaries for Enhancing EFL Pronunciation and Vocabulary Usage". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, n.º 9 (1 de setembro de 2019): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0909.04.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of using electronic dictionaries combined with student-created dictionaries on English major students' pronunciation and vocabulary usage. Students' perceptions of this learning experience are also examined. The study combines both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Tests for pronunciation and vocabulary usage were designed and administered to73 English major students at Jouf University, KSA. Two questionnaires were designed to investigate students' perceptions. Results of the study revealed that the usage of electronic and student-created dictionaries improved students' pronunciation as well as their vocabulary usage abilities. Results also revealed that participants are willing to use both electronic and student-created dictionaries in vocabulary learning. The most frequent perceived benefits of electronic dictionaries are the speed of accessing the meaning of new vocabulary and getting clear correct pronunciation of them. The most frequent perceived benefits of student-created dictionaries are long retention and internalization of new vocabulary. Participants face some difficulties when using electronic dictionaries such as the inability to find accurate meaning of some vocabulary items and some technical problems. Participants face some difficulties with their student-created dictionaries such as difficulty in constructing illustrative sentences and time-consumption. The study recommends the incorporation of electronic and student-created dictionaries in vocabulary learning.
39
Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta. "Learners’ dictionaries and an English cultural keyword". Lexicography 9, n.º 1 (8 de junho de 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/lexi.21667.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Among culture-bound vocabulary items, we typically find names of realia, but also lexemes not immediately identifiable as such, but which are perhaps even more important as indications of culture specificity: words that reflect the ways of thinking and acting deemed appropriate in a given cultural milieu. This paper deals with one such item, which, according to Anna Wierzbicka (2006, 2014), is an essential component of Anglo values: the adjective fair in its moral sense. The analysis is meant to establish how successful dictionaries for learners of English are in rendering its nuances of meaning.
40
Stark, Detlef, Henri Béjoint e Henri Bejoint. "Tradition and Innovation in Modern English Dictionaries". Language 71, n.º 3 (setembro de 1995): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416244.
Texto completo da fonte
41
Rajagopalan, Kanavillil. "English dictionaries, 800–1700: The topical tradition". WORD 62, n.º 4 (outubro de 2016): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2016.1248659.
Texto completo da fonte
42
Bin Mohamed Ali, Haja Mohideen. "Islamic terms in contemporary English". English Today 23, n.º 2 (abril de 2007): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078407002064.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
ABSTRACTSome observations on what words associated with Islam are in, and what might yet go into, current ELT dictionaries. Muslims constitute a vast number of speakers of English as a Second Language (ESL) and a Foreign Language (EFL). As a consequence, many expressions associated with Islam have been introduced into contemporary English and its dictionaries – both general and ESL/EFL. The present paper focuses on three particular works: the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE, 2003), the Macmillan English Dictionary (MED, 2002) and The New Oxford Dictionary of English (NODE, 1998), in order to discuss how Islamic terms are being used. It was found that few phrases or sentences are provided to illustrate such terms – even those in common use among English-speaking Muslims. The present paper therefore (1) suggests sample sentences for these terms, so that users of such dictionaries can set them in context, and (2) offers a list of common Islamic words for possible inclusion in future editions.
43
Tabakowska, Elżbieta. "Surely There Must Exist a Polish Equivalent". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 2, n.º 2 (1 de janeiro de 1990): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.2.2.05tab.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract The paper is a contribution to the ongoing discussion on the requirements that dictionaries should meet in order to satisfy the needs of language learners and translators. The shortcomings of some standard dictionaries are discussed in reference to one particular item: the modal qualifier surely and its Polish equivalents. The latter were compared with actual choices made by a group of advanced Polish learners of English, asked to translate five explanatory sentences taken from English—English dictionaries. Discrepancies between dictionary equivalents and translation replacements clearly suggest that apart from "prototypical" examples of usage, dictionary entries should also contain potential discourse functions of sample sentences.
44
WINKLER, BIRGIT. "English learners’ dictionaries on CD-ROM as reference and language learning tools". ReCALL 13, n.º 2 (novembro de 2001): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344001000520a.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This paper discusses the findings of two empirical studies which investigated how students of English used two English learners’ dictionaries on CD-ROM. The outcome of these studies will indicate in what way such dictionaries can serve as reference and language learning tools. It is argued that an English learner’s dictionary on CD-ROM could be much more than an ‘ordinary’ reference work because it includes facilities that are not available in book form, such as audio and visual elements, exercises and games. The studies suggest, however, that a number of changes in content and design will have to be made in order to make such dictionaries more effective and beneficial to their users. Learners, on the other hand, may need to acquire special skills in order to benefit from all the information an English learner’s dictionary on CD-ROM contains.
45
Baskin, Sami, e Muhsin Mumcu. "Dictionary Culture of University Students Learning English as a Foreign Language in Turkey". International Education Studies 11, n.º 3 (25 de fevereiro de 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n3p101.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Dictionaries, one of the oldest tools of language education, have continued to be a part of education although information technologies and concept of education has changed over time. Until today, with the help of the developments in technology both types of dictionaries have increased, and usage areas have expanded. Therefore, it is possible to find a dictionary of different types that are applicable to each situation, rather than a single dictionary for every situation. Determining this diversity and the preferences of users is very important in terms of the quality of the education to be given and the new dictionaries to be written.In this study, dictionary preferences of students learning English as a foreign language in Turkey, factors affecting these preferences, past dictionary experiences and trainings were discussed. For this purpose, a survey with 25 questions was collected from 83 students who were learning English in the preparatory classes of Gaziosmanpasa University.The data obtained from the surveys was transferred to the SPSS program and frequency analyses were made. Numerical breakdowns and descriptive analysis of students’ dictionary preferences and factors affecting these preferences were realized. The results revealed that the majority of the students learning English as a foreign language in Turkey did not receive any training on using dictionaries although they bought and used their first dictionaries at primary school. It was also found that language level had an important effect on dictionary usage and as students’ level of language increased they considered dictionaries as easy tools. Besides, students with lower language skills found dictionaries as more informative sources than other students.
46
ZGUSTA, LADISLAV. "Pragmatics, lexicography and dictionaries of English". World Englishes 7, n.º 3 (novembro de 1988): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.1988.tb00235.x.
Texto completo da fonte
47
Feng, Xiaoyan, e Yanfang Zhou. "English Audio Language Retrieval Based on Adaptive Speech-Adjusting Algorithm". Complexity 2021 (2 de julho de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2762180.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
For the purpose of language retrieval for English listening, this paper designs and implements a cross-language information retrieval system for English listening. Different implementation methods of cross-language information retrieval, query, and translation are analyzed. The system adopts cross-language information retrieval technology based on bilingual dictionaries. According to the cross-language retrieval system of the existing bilingual dictionaries and monolingual dictionaries, based on the design and implementation of the fuzzy search dictionary lookup mechanism, the existing dictionary lookup mechanism is constructed and analyzed. Aiming at the problem of translation ambiguity in information retrieval systems based on bilingual dictionaries, a disambiguities elimination algorithm based on cooccurrence technology is proposed. In continuous speech, the speed of different speakers in different contexts is very different. Deviation from normal speech speed often leads to recognition errors, which makes recognition performance decline. Considering that the influence of speech speed on the length of speech units increases or decreases synchronously, and there is a strong correlation between the lengths of adjacent speech units, an adaptive speech speed algorithm is proposed based on the framework of implicit Markov model based on the information of the length of speech units. Experiments on number string and large vocabulary continuous speech recognition show that the algorithm is effective.
48
Lew, Robert, e Agnieszka Szarowska. "Evaluating online bilingual dictionaries: The case of popular free English-Polish dictionaries". ReCALL 29, n.º 2 (6 de fevereiro de 2017): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344016000252.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Language learners today exhibit a strong preference for free online resources. One problem with such resources is that their quality can vary dramatically. Building on related work on monolingual resources for English, we propose an evaluation framework for online bilingual dictionaries, designed to assess lexicographic quality in four major areas: coverage of lexical items, their treatment in the entries, access to lexical information, and presentation of lexicographic data. The proposed framework is applied to a set of six popular bilingual English-Polish dictionaries freely available online, established through an online survey of Polish learners of English.
49
M. Ali al-Ubaidy, Sundus, e Mahdi I. Kareem Al-Utbi. "Approaches to Lexicography in English and Arabic". لارك 1, n.º 7 (30 de maio de 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol1.iss7.935.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Lexicography, the art and craft of dictionary-making, is as old as writing. Since its very early stages several thousands of years ago, it has helped to serve basically the every-day needs of written communication among individuals in communities speaking different languages or different varieties of the same language. Two general approaches are distinguished in the craft of dictionary-making: the semasiological and the onomasiological. The former is represented by usually-alphabetical dictionaries as such, i.e. their being inventories of the lexicon, while the latter is manifested in thesauruses.
English and Arabic have made use of both approaches in the preparation of their dictionaries, each having a distinct aim ahead. Within the confines of each language, an approach may yield various trends as to, for instance, the arrangement of entries within a dictionary.
The present paper aims at distinguishing the various trends in writing dictionaries in both English and Arabic. By so doing, it is hoped that the bases on which variation has relied are arrived at in order to provide the appropriate explanations of how and why differences have followed. To achieve this aim, an expository critical account of the approaches to the compilation of monolingual dictionaries in English and Arabic is presented; reference to bi-lingual dictionaries is going to be made appropriately, however. These trends, or schools, within each approach followed a certain system in compiling its representative dictionaries.
50
Halas Popović, Ana. "HOMONYMY IN ENGLISH MONOLINGUAL GENERAL-PURPOSE DICTIONARIES". Nasledje Kragujevac 18, n.º 48 (2021): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/naskg2148.037hp.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The focus of this paper is the treatment of homonymy in selected monolingual general-purpose dictionaries of English. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is to reveal the perception of homonymy and its lexicographic significance in the analyzed dictionaries, which involves the answer to the question whether these dictionaries mark homonymy at all, and then, if yes, the determination of the criterion used for the identification of homonymy, as well as the definition of the overall lexicographic strategy adopted by the given dictionaries in their treatment of homonymy. The results of the analysis have shown that the analyzed dictionaries do use homonymy as an organizational principle in their macrostructure. Furthermore, all these dictionaries use the semantic criterion based on mutual relatedness of senses in their identification of homonymy. However, the application of this criterion does not always produce the same outcome in the given dictionaries due to the gradient nature of semantic relatedness and various interpretations it is subject to. It has also been observed that the analyzed dictionaries do not consistently mark semantic homonymy at any cost since their gen- eral strategy in the treatment of homonymy can be defined as balancing between adequate language description and user-friendliness.