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Bibliografias temáticas / England – North Yorkshire

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "England – North Yorkshire"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 29 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 30 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "England – North Yorkshire"

1

Wattis, Louise. "Revisiting the Yorkshire Ripper Murders". Feminist Criminology 12, n.º 1 (24 de julho de 2016): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085115602960.

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Between 1975 and 1980, 13 women, 7 of whom were sex workers, were murdered in the North of England. Aside from the femicide itself, the case was infamous for police failings, misogyny, and victim blaming. The article begins with a discussion of the serial murder of women as a gendered structural phenomenon within the wider context of violence, gender, and arbitrary justice. In support of this, the article revisits the above case to interrogate police reform in England and Wales in the wake of the murders, arguing that despite procedural reform, gendered cultural practices continue to shape justice outcomes for victims of gender violence. In addition, changes to prostitution policy are assessed to highlight how the historical and ongoing Othering and criminalization of street sex workers perpetuates the victimization of this marginalized group of women.

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Simmons, I. G., e J. B. Innes. "Prehistoric Charcoal in Peat Profiles at North Gill, North Yorkshire Moors, England". Journal of Archaeological Science 23, n.º 2 (março de 1996): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1996.0017.

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Simmons, I. G., e J. B. Innes. "An Episode of Prehistoric Canopy Manipulation at North Gill, North Yorkshire, England". Journal of Archaeological Science 23, n.º 3 (maio de 1996): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1996.0031.

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Vyner, B. E. "The territory of ritual: cross-ridge boundaries and the prehistoric landscape of the Cleveland Hills, northeast England". Antiquity 68, n.º 258 (março de 1994): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00046160.

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On the North Yorkshire Moors, in northeast England, is a series of linear boundaries which are characteristically placed across upland spurs and promontories. Survey and excavation suggest that these boundaries operated in conjunction with natural features to define areas of the prehistoric landscape which may have been concerned with ritual during the final Neolithic and Early Bronze Age.

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Biller, Peter. "William of Newburgh and the Cathar Mission to England". Studies in Church History. Subsidia 12 (1999): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900002428.

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Born at Bridlington in 1136, William of Newburgh was educated at Newburgh, an Augustinian priory a few miles north of York, where he became a canon. William probably lived at Newburgh for the rest of his life, for the only instance of him travelling outside Yorkshire is one visit he paid to Fínchale. He died between summer 1199 and autumn 1201, leaving three extant writings. This outline of his life is based on John Gorman’s introduction to the only writing by William which has received a modern critical edition, his commentary on the Song of Songs. William’s other writings are sermons, and the Historia rerum Anglicarum (hereafter History). Yorkshire Cistercian patronage envelopes two of the works. The commentary on the Song of Songs is dedicated to Roger, Abbot of Byland, while the History is prefaced by a dedicatory letter to Ernald, Abbot of Rievaulx (1189-99), which states that Ernald had requested the work.

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MORGANS, HELEN S. "Lower and middle Jurassic woods of the Cleveland Basin (North Yorkshire), England". Palaeontology 42, n.º 2 (abril de 1999): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00075.

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NASH, DAVID J. "GROUNDWATER SAPPING AND VALLEY DEVELOPMENT IN THE HACKNESS HILLS, NORTH YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND". Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 21, n.º 9 (setembro de 1996): 781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199609)21:9<781::aid-esp616>3.0.co;2-o.

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Ashraf Jamal. "SIX ASIDES ON ART & LIES". Thinker 82, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2019): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v82i4.376.

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It was a brisk afternoon in a valley in Yorkshire in the north of England when my art teacher, Mr Waddington, standing beside me seated at my easel, first introduced me to Charles Darwin’s phrase, ‘cryptic colouration’ – an organism’s ability to blend into its surroundings. The phrase has stuck with me, spurring a long-standing interest in mimicry – the relationship between survivaland calculated obscurity.

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Kirkus, M. Gregory. "The Presence of The Mary Ward Institute in Yorkshire 1642–1648". Recusant History 25, n.º 3 (maio de 2001): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200030296.

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Although the Institute of Mary Ward made no stable foundation in the north of England until the founding of the Bar Convent in 1686, recusant history testifies to a fairly constant presence of its members in Yorkshire in the period 1642 to 1686. It is the purpose of this paper to identity these members, to describe where possible their place of residence and to explain why they were there.

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Benfield, A. C., e G. Warrington. "New records of the Westbury Formation (Penarth Group, Rhaetian) in North Yorkshire, England". Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 47, n.º 1 (setembro de 1988): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.47.1.29.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "England – North Yorkshire"

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Oates, Jonathan. "The responses in north east England to the Jacobite rebellions of 1715 and 1745". Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343347.

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Goto, H. "The grand jury in seventeenth century England, with special reference to the North Riding of Yorkshire". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599543.

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This thesis explores various aspects of the grand jury and grand jurors in seventeenth century England based on the case study of the grand jury in the North Riding of Yorkshire. A central theme is an examination of the nature of ‘substance’ and ‘sufficiency’ required for the grand jury, and it focuses on the grand jury’s membership and its relationship with superior magistrates. The first part concentrates on perceptions of the grand jury expressed in magistrates’ words and actions through charges to the grand jury expressed in magistrates’ words and actions and a lawsuit in the Star Chamber. These reveal justices’ ambivalent attitudes towards the grand jury, which rested on an unstable balance between trust and suspicion, between independence and subordination. Underlying this was the problem of recruiting sufficient jurors. The actual composition of the grand jury is discussed in Part II. The analysis is based on a systematic survey of grand jury panels returned to the quarter sessions between 1605 and 1705, excluding the Interregnum. Cross-sectional examinations of national and local tax assessments, and parochial office-holding, lead to a conclusion that the North Riding grand jury was comprised of a broad social spectrum of the middling sort of people between the magistrates and the non-rate-paying population: a mixture of the ‘subordinate inhabitants’ of the villages and towns, and more minor members who occasionally, and often indirectly, shared various local responsibilities with them. The substantial inhabitants served as a core of the grand jury, and were constantly returned to the office as foremen and regular jurors at least until the mid-1690s. These people were also actively involved in the parish administration as churchwardens, overseers, or constables. The sheer number of those involved in jury service quarterly each year, and the unique balance between continuity and diversity in its membership, indicates the widening potential reach of the state’s authority.

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Mori, Koichiro. "Modelling hydrological, ecological and economic interactions in river floodplains : a case study of the Ouse catchment (North Yorkshire, England)". Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14078/.

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This thesis answers the following questions. (i) What are the relationships between the values and functions of natural river floodplains? (ii) Under the complicated trade-offs among direct-use and indirect-use values, how should we use river floodplains? (iii) What are the institutions and incentives that are necessary for the optimal management? In this thesis, we (1) define the appropriate social optimisation problem for floodplain management, (2) provide theoretical models for the static and dynamic problems, (3) develop an applied model and calibrate parameter values from data on the Ouse catchment, and (4) carry out simulations in the context of the Ouse catchment in order to evaluate several policy scenarios. The thesis attempts to make three main contributions. First, it has tried to improve understanding the essential problems of floodplain management (two types of environmental externalities). Second, it has tried to clarify the policy options for the optimal floodplain management. Third, it has explored methods for integrating the hydrology, ecology and economics of floodplains. The crucial point is that we must take account of environmental externalities. There are two types of externalities. First, the development of floodplains has opportunity costs in terms of lost ecosystem services. Second, the development of floodplains increases flood risks to people downstream (imposes a unidirectional spatial externality). In policy simulations, we obtain the three main results. First, the impact of floodplain development on the expected cost of flood risk is substantial as compared with prices of developed lands, which implies the importance of relevant floodplain management. Second, based on an empirical analysis, floodplains in upstream zones currently tend to be overdeveloped because of unidirectional spatial externalities. Third, price policies relatively function well to internalise external costs and achieve the optimal path, and are robust to irreversibility and uncertainty.

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Kelly, Michael A. "Spatial association in archaeology. Development of statistical methodologies and computer techniques for spatial association of surface, lattice and point processes, applied to prehistoric evidence in North Yorkshire and to the Heslerton Romano-British site". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4397.

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The thesis investigates the concepts of archaeological spatial association within the context of both site and regional data sets. The techniques of geophysical surveying, surface distribution collection and aerial photography are described and discussed. Several new developments of technique are presented as well as a detailed discussion of the problems of data presentation and analysis. The quantitative relationships between these data sets are explored by modelling them as operands and describing association in terms of operators. Both local and global measures of association are considered with a discussion as to their relative merits. Methods for the spatial association of regional lattice and point processes are developed. A detailed discussion of distance based spatial analysis techniques is presented.

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Kelly, Michael Anthony. "Spatial association in archaeology : development of statistical methodologies and computer techniques for spatial association of surface, lattice and point processes, applied to prehistoric evidence in North Yorkshire and to the Heslerton Romano-British site". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4397.

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The thesis investigates the concepts of archaeological spatial association within the context of both site and regional data sets. The techniques of geophysical surveying, surface distribution collection and aerial photography are described and discussed. Several new developments of technique are presented as well as a detailed discussion of the problems of data presentation and analysis. The quantitative relationships between these data sets are explored by modelling them as operands and describing association in terms of operators. Both local and global measures of association are considered with a discussion as to their relative merits. Methods for the spatial association of regional lattice and point processes are developed. A detailed discussion of distance based spatial analysis techniques is presented.

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Akbar, K. F., William H. G. Hale e Alistair D. D. Headley. "Floristic composition and environmental determinants of roadside vegetation in North England". 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4709.

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The roadside vegetation in some counties of north England (north and west Yorkshire) was studied to determine the community structure according to the British National Vegetation Classification (NVC) and main environmental factors influencing its composition. The data from Phytosociological survey (699 quadrats) and from the physico-chemical analyses of 233 soil samples from 35 sites were obtained. Both the classification (TWINSPAN & MATCH) and ordination programs (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were used. The roadside vegetation is mainly dominated by few grasses (Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis, Elymus repens, Holcus lanatus) and their associated herbs (Cirsium arvense, Heracleum sphondylium, Urtica dioica). Five NVC Mesotrophic grassland communities (Arrhenatheretum elatioris community MG1, Lolium perenne-Cynosurus cristatus grassland MG6, Lolium perenne leys MG7, Holcus lanatus- Deschampsia cespitosa grassland MG9, Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland MG11) and one Upland Festuca ovina- Agrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland, U4 were identified which in general, exhibited good fit with the typical NVC units. Altitude, pH, potassium, sodium and road age were found to be the main variables affecting the roadside vegetation. By relating the floristic composition with ecological characteristics of the roadside verges, three kinds of pattern of variation are observed. The first pattern is related to regional or geographical characteristics and the second pattern of variation exists across the width of the road verges showing a zonal pattern of plant distribution. The third scale of pattern is active at the local level including micro-environmental conditions, e.g., local edaphic variables.

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Gibson, Alex M. "Space and Episodic Ritual at the monumental Neolithic round mound of Duggleby Howe, North Yorkshire, England". 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9894.

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Livros sobre o assunto "England – North Yorkshire"

1

McLeod, Sarah. North Yorkshire. Holyhead: Ernest Press, 1994.

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2

Commission for Local Administration in England. Report by the local ombudsman on an investigation into complaint no. 89/C/0341 against North Yorkshire County Council. York: The Commission, 1990.

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3

Mauchline, Mary. Fountains Abbey & Studley Royal: North Yorkshire. [London]: National Trust, 1998.

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4

Hazel, Chester, ed. North York moors. London: New Orchard, 1992.

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5

Sir, Clapham Alfred, ed. Whitby Abbey: Yorkshire. London: Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England, 1985.

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6

Whiteman, Robin. In the north of England: The Yorkshire moors and dales. New York: Rizzoli, 1991.

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7

Beckett, Lucy. Rievaulx, Fountains, Byland & Jervaulx: The Cistercian abbeys of North Yorkshire. Norwich: Canterbury Press, 1998.

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8

Wood, David M. Will the North rise again?: Local economic regeneration in Yorkshire/Humberside and North-East England. Hull: University of Hull, 1988.

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9

Wood, David Michael. Will the North rise again?: Local economic regeneration in Yorkshire/Humberside and North-East England. [Hull]: Hull University Politics Department, 1988.

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10

David, Hill. Cotman in the north: Watercolours of Yorkshire and Durham. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "England – North Yorkshire"

1

Smith, D. B. "North-east England (Yorkshire Province)". In Marine Permian of England, 131–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1204-8_4.

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2

Jahnert, Gustav, Norbert Hoffmann e Michael Baltruschat. "Installation of Three Up to 120 m Deep Diaphragm Wall Shafts, with Diameters Between 8 m and 35 m at Woodsmith Mine in North Yorkshire (England)". In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 319–34. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37256-8_24.

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Giovannini, Arianna. "The Uneven Governance of Devolution Deals in Yorkshire: Opportunities, Challenges and Local (Di)Visions". In Developing England’s North, 165–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62560-7_7.

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"York (North Yorkshire, England)". In Northern Europe, 813–16. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203059159-194.

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Hodson, Jane. "‘Did She Say Dinner, Betsey, at This Taam o'Day?': Representing Yorkshire Voices and Characters in Novels 1800-1836". In Dialect Writing and the North of England, editado por Patrick Honeybone e Warren Maguire, 188–210. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442565.003.0009.

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This chapter draws on the Dialect in British Fiction 1800-1836 project to trace the ways in which Yorkshire dialects are represented in sixteen novels published between 1800 and 1836. It explores both the linguistic and literary dimensions of ‘Yorkshire English’, finding evidence for an emergent set of ‘Yorkshire’ features. Nevertheless, it also finds that, with a few notable exceptions, there is simply not much Yorkshire English represented in these novels, and that where Yorkshire characters do appear they are stereotyped as isolated and comically stupid. On the few occasions where more detailed and positive representations occur, these tend to correlate with authors who would have had the opportunity to develop either a personal or professional connection to Yorkshire. Overall, the chapter argues that, in order to understand processes of enregisterment, it is methodologically important to pay attention to not just qualitatively exceptional outliers but to broader patterns of (non) representation.

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Cooper, Paul. "Russian Dolls and Dialect Literature: The Enregisterment of Nineteenth-Century ‘Yorkshire' Dialects". In Dialect Writing and the North of England, editado por Patrick Honeybone e Warren Maguire, 126–46. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442565.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses what nineteenth-century textual material can tell us about historical perceptions of the language features used to represent different Yorkshire dialects in writing. Using a corpus of dialect literature and literary dialect, prefatory material in dialect dictionaries, contemporary magazines, and travel writing, systematic differences in written representations of Yorkshire dialects are highlighted. The chapter argues that dialect features which are represented and discussed most frequently and consistently are evidence of their enregisterment. Accompanying historical metacommentary also illustrates third-order indexical links between these features and social values relating to specific geographical areas within Yorkshire for nineteenth-century audiences. The chapter concludes that distinct repertoires of Yorkshire dialect are observable in historical texts and there are quantifiable differences in the features used to represent different regions.

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Darwin, Emma. "Selby Community Primary School, North Yorkshire, England". In Systematic synthetic phonics: case studies from Sounds-Write practitioners, 87–95. Research-publishing.net, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.55.1363.

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Selby Community Primary School is an average-sized primary school with a two-form entry situated a short distance from the centre of Selby in North Yorkshire. Selby is amongst the ten percent most deprived areas in England. It is located within the Selby North Ward, with 30% of children living in poverty, which is higher than the national average. Selby District has the second highest health inequality in North Yorkshire. At present, Selby Community Primary has 335 children on roll from Nursery to Year 6 (ages two to eleven). The school has a large majority of students from a White British background and 23% have English as an Additional Language (EAL), mainly from Eastern European countries. Across the whole school, 36% are currently accessing free school meals, which is well above the national average. Although the proportion of students who have special educational needs and/or disabilities is average overall, the proportion that have an Education and Health Care Plan (EHCP) is above average. The number of students who join or leave the school part-way through their primary education is high. The school has Healthy Schools status, the Basic Skills Quality Mark, the Dyslexia Quality Mark, and has received the UNICEF Rights Respecting School award along with being a Talk 4 Writing training school. In 2016, Selby Community Primary became a designated National Support School in recognition of our strong record in successfully providing school-to-school support to others that have needed our help.

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KLAUSNER, DAVID. "TRAVELLING PLAYERS ON THE NORTH YORKSHIRE MOORS". In Early Performers and Performance in the Northeast of England, 39–50. Arc Humanities Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1mvw99d.9.

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Lister, Heather. "Heather Lister: the accidental teacher educator". In The lives and work of 12 further education based teacher educators in England. University of Huddersfield Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5920/liveswork12.08.

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Pollard, A. J. "Neville against Percy, 1450-1455". In North-Eastern England During The Wars Of The Roses, 245–65. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198200871.003.0011.

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Abstract The political history of northern England in the 1450s and early 1460s is dominated by the great feud between the Nevilles of Middle ham and the Percies, which at times threw central Yorkshire into turmoil. The private war between the dominant families was described by one annalist as the beginning of the greatest sorrows in England-the start of the Wars of the Roses. And indeed it is plausible to suggest that what happened in Yorkshire in 1453 and 1454 led directly to the first battle of St Albans, Ludford, and all-out civil war. Not only were the subsequent battles, reaching a climax once more in Yorkshire at Tow ton, a continuation of the feud between Neville and Percy; but also, since the royal dukes of York and Somerset were dragged in as partisans, the struggle between Neville and Percy became inseparable from the struggle between York and Beaufort. The part played by the northern feud in the last years of the house of Lancaster has been clearly established and fully explored; its place in the history of the north-east is central. But, perhaps because the conflict between Neville and Percy has never been considered in its regional context, its genesis has been misunderstood.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "England – North Yorkshire"

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J Oates, Briony. "Foot and Mouth Disease: Informing the Community?" In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2550.

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The 2001 foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the UK had a significant impact on the economic and social wellbeing of rural communities. This paper examines the FMD pages of four local government websites in Northern England: Cumbria, Durham, Northumberland and North Yorkshire County Councils. Each county was badly affected by FMD. The contents of the FMD webpages are analysed and compared: which audiences were addressed, what information was provided or omitted, and how well the audiences’ needs were met. The study shows the breadth of audience types and information that could have been included, but no site covered all the necessary angles. Furthermore, the websites did little to address the psychological problems arising from FMD or to enhance participation and democracy in their local communities. By examining how the councils informed those affected, lessons can be learnt which are relevant to any future disruption to a community.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "England – North Yorkshire"

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Hughes, Ceri, Miguel Martinez Lucio, Stephen Mustchin e Miriam Tenquist. Understanding whether local employment charters could support fairer employment practices: Research Briefing Note. University of Manchester Work and Equalities Institute, maio de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3927/uom.5176698.

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Employment charters are voluntary initiatives that attempt to describe ‘good’ employment practices and to engage and recognise those employers that meet or aspire to meet these practices. They can operate at different spatial scales, ranging from international and national accreditation schemes to local charters that focus on engaging employers in specific regions or cities. The latter are the focus of this briefing paper. At least six city-regions in England had local employment charters at the time of our research. These areas alone account for over a fifth (21 per cent) of the resident working-age population (based on ONS 2022 population estimates), highlighting the potential reach and significance of these voluntary initiatives in terms of setting employment standards, although the number of employers directly accredited with local schemes is still relatively small. Despite their popularity with policymakers, there is only limited research on local employment charters. A few studies have explored issues relating to the design, implementation and evaluation of charters, reflecting demand from policymakers for toolkits and support to develop local policy initiatives (e.g. Crozier, 2022). But several years into the implementation of some of these charter initiatives, and as more areas look to develop their own, we argue that it is time to revisit some more foundational questions around what local charters are for, and how far they can support ‘good work’ agendas. It remains to be seen which employers can and will engage substantively with these initiatives, how employer commitments might be validated and the good employment criteria enforced, and how local charters will be integrated with local authority commissioning and procurement practices (TUC, 2022). The local charters that have emerged so far within the UK have been conceived predominantly as employer engagement tools, adopting language and approaches designed to appeal to employer interests and priorities and emphasising the value that employers can derive from being part of the initiative. This contrasts with approaches emphasising the engagement of other constituents, like citizens and employees, as a route to influencing employer engagement (Scott, Baylor and Spaulding, 2016; Johnson, Herman and Hughes, 2022). This briefing paper shares findings from a scoping study involving key informants in the North West of England (2022-2023) which explored how local charter initiatives could influence employers to improve their employment practices. Participants in the study shared their views on: 1) How voluntary local employment charters could influence employers to change their employment practices? 2) What types of employers local charters could engage and influence? Alongside this study, we have also developed a series of case studies of the charters that have been introduced across six city regions in England. These encompass the Fair Work Standard (London); Good Employment Charter (West of England); Good Work Pledge (North of Tyne Combined Authority); Fair Employment Charter (Liverpool City Region Combined Authority); Good Employment Charter (Greater Manchester) and the Fair Work Charter (West Yorkshire Combined Authority). The case studies are published separately. Our conversations with policymakers, union representatives and campaigners indicate that while there are some potential ‘win-win’ outcomes from promoting good employment practices, there are also some key tensions that should be more clearly acknowledged. In particular, one point of divergence relates to what would be the most effective and meaningful way to engage with employers in order to secure improvements in employment practices. On the one hand, employment charter initiatives could set consistent, clear and relatively high standards of practice that employers could be required to meet from the outset, creating a clear dividing line between those employers who were engaged in some way with the initiative and those who are not. On the other, these initiatives could prioritise engaging as many employers as possible with few or no specific red lines (e.g. around paying the living wage) so that the charter provides an opportunity to work with employers to secure hopefully more substantive commitments down the road. There are challenges and trade-offs associated with both of these viewpoints. One problem with the former strategy of setting a consistent standard is that the principles of employment that the charter promotes may not be particularly stretching in some sectors, or indeed may only describe a minimum set of commitments for certain types of work; whilst in other sectors they may be viewed as being too stringent. A more incremental, flexible strategy of engaging with employers and working with them to change their employment practices, in contrast, relies on sustained commitment from both policymakers and employers. Whether charters can simultaneously offer a ‘safe space’ to employers to share information and change their practices whilst also operating in a more regulatory way appears as a fundamental tension in existing visions for these initiatives. We return to these different views on how to engage employers and secure change in the conclusion to this paper.

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