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Publicado: 22 de junho de 2024

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1

Medina-Collana, Juan Taumaturgo, Jimmy Aurelio Rosales-Huamani, Elmar Javier Franco-Gonzales e Jorge Alberto Montaño-Pisfil. "Factors Influencing the Formation of Salicylic Acid by Bipolar Membranes Electrodialysis". Membranes 12, n.º 2 (26 de janeiro de 2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020149.

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Salicylic acid is an intermediate product in the synthesis of dyes, medications and aspirin. An electrodialysis module has been constructed with commercial cationic, anionic and bipolar membranes for the conversion of sodium salicylate into salicylic acid. The effect of operating conditions such as applied electric potential, salt concentration, initial acid concentration and volumetric flow on bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) yields were investigated using Taguchi analysis. The results obtained in 210 min of work show an average concentration of salicylic acid of 0.0185 M, an average electric current efficiency of 85.3%, and a specific energy consumption of 2.24 kWh/kg of salicylic acid. It was concluded that the proposed bipolar membrane electrodialysis process is an efficient alternative to produce salicylic acid (SAH) from sodium salicylate (SANa) in an environmentally friendly manner. Furthermore, the production of sodium hydroxide was obtained as a by-product of the process carried out.
2

Jaroszek, Hanna, e Piotr Dydo. "Ion-exchange membranes in chemical synthesis – a review". Open Chemistry 14, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2016-0002.

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AbstractThe applicability of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) in chemical synthesis was discussed based on the existing literature. At first, a brief description of properties and structures of commercially available ion-exchange membranes was provided. Then, the IEM-based synthesis methods reported in the literature were summarized, and areas of their application were discussed. The methods in question, namely: membrane electrolysis, electro-electrodialysis, electrodialysis metathesis, ion-substitution electrodialysis and electrodialysis with bipolar membrane, were found to be applicable for a number of organic and inorganic syntheses and acid/base production or recovery processes, which can be conducted in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. The number and the quality of the scientific reports found indicate a great potential for IEMs in chemical synthesis.
3

Kozaderova, Olga A., Ksenia B. Kim, Petr E. Belousov, Anna V. Timkova e Sabukhi I. Niftaliev. "Electrodialysis of a sodium sulphate solution with experimental bentonite-modified bipolar membranes". Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 23, n.º 4 (24 de novembro de 2021): 518–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2021.23/3670.

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The aim of this work is to study the characteristics of the electrodialysis of a sodium sulphate solution with experimental bipolar membranes based on the MA-41 anion exchange membrane and a liquid sulphonated cation-exchanger modified with bentonite clays. The conversion of sodium sulphate was conducted by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes obtained by applying a liquid sulphonated cation-exchanger containing particles of bentonite clay to the MA-41 anion-exchange membrane.To increase the performance of membranes in terms of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, we carried out organomodifications of bentonite with alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and stearic acid at various concentrations. The bipolar membrane with the addition of bentonite modified with alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (2 wt%) showed a higher performance in terms of H+-ions. The bipolar membrane with bentonite modified with stearic acid (3 wt%) added to its cation-exchangelayer is the most effective in terms of obtaining a flux of OH--ions. It was shown that a combination ofalkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (2 wt%) and stearic acid (3 wt%) used to modify bentonite can increase the performance of the bipolar membrane during the conversion of sodium sulphate, both in terms of the acid and alkali.
4

Hülber-Beyer, Éva, Katalin Bélafi-Bakó e Nándor Nemestóthy. "Low-waste fermentation-derived organic acid production by bipolar membrane electrodialysis—an overview". Chemical Papers 75, n.º 10 (5 de junho de 2021): 5223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01720-w.

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AbstractOrganic acids, e.g, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid and succinic acid, have important role in the food industry and are potential raw materials for the sustainable chemical industry. Their fermentative production based on renewable raw materials requires innovatively designed downstream processing to maintain low environmental impact and resource efficiency throughout the production process. The application of bipolar membranes offers clean and effective way to generate hydrogen ions required for free acid production from its salt. The water dissociation reaction inside the bipolar membrane triggered by electric field plays key role in providing hydrogen ion for the replacement of the cations in organic acid salts. Combined with monopolar ion-exchange membranes in a bipolar membrane electrodialysis process, material flow can be separated beside the product stream into additional reusable streams, thus minimizing the waste generation. This paper focuses on bipolar membrane electrodialysis applied for organic acid recovery from fermentation broth.
5

Bhadja, Vaibhavee, Saroj Sharma, Vaibhav Kulshrestha e Uma Chatterjee. "Preparation of heterogeneous bipolar membranes and their performance evaluation for the regeneration of acid and alkali". RSC Advances 5, n.º 71 (2015): 57632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra08260a.

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6

Herrero-Gonzalez, Marta, Pedro Diaz-Guridi, Antonio Dominguez-Ramos, Raquel Ibañez e Angel Irabien. "Photovoltaic solar electrodialysis with bipolar membranes". Desalination 433 (maio de 2018): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2018.01.015.

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7

Zhao, Di, Jinyun Xu, Yu Sun, Minjing Li, Guoqiang Zhong, Xudong Hu, Jiefang Sun et al. "Composition and Structure Progress of the Catalytic Interface Layer for Bipolar Membrane". Nanomaterials 12, n.º 16 (21 de agosto de 2022): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12162874.

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Bipolar membranes, a new type of composite ion exchange membrane, contain an anion exchange layer, a cation exchange layer and an interface layer. The interface layer or junction is the connection between the anion and cation exchange layers. Water is dissociated into protons and hydroxide ions at the junction, which provides solutions to many challenges in the chemical, environmental and energy fields. By combining bipolar membranes with electrodialysis technology, acids and bases could be produced with low cost and high efficiency. The interface layer or junction of bipolar membranes (BPMs) is the connection between the anion and cation exchange layers, which the membrane and interface layer modification are vital for improving the performance of BPMs. This paper reviews the effect of modification of a bipolar membrane interface layer on water dissociation efficiency and voltage across the membrane, which divides into three aspects: organic materials, inorganic materials and newly designed materials with multiple components. The structure of the interface layer is also introduced on the performance of bipolar membranes. In addition, the remainder of this review discusses the challenges and opportunities for the development of more efficient, sustainable and practical bipolar membranes.
8

George, Thomas Young, Lucie Mangold, Cliffton Wang, Daniel P. Schrag e Michael J. Aziz. "Electrochemical Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide by a Redox-Mediated Salt Splitting Process". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n.º 25 (22 de dezembro de 2023): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02251389mtgabs.

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Direct air capture of carbon dioxide is an important emerging direction for electrochemical separation technology. Carbon dioxide removal has a critical role to play in the coming century as a complement to deep decarbonization efforts, because removal may offset emissions we cannot avoid, such as agriculture for food security. Direct air capture might even be used to decrease the atmospheric carbon dioxide level if the value at which it stabilizes is deemed too high. Electrochemical methods allow us to power a carbon removal device directly by carbon-free electricity. Here, we present a salt splitting process, based on bipolar membrane electrodialysis, which begins with a neutral electrolyte (e.g. KCl), and creates a strong base (e.g., KOH) and a strong acid (e.g., HCl). The base may then be used to absorb carbon dioxide from ambient air; the acid is then used to extract the carbon dioxide by recombining with the base, reversing the salt splitting process. The process is driven by iron(II/III) hexacyanide redox on carbon cloth electrodes, which is kinetically facile and contributes relatively little to the cell voltage. Energy required for redox-mediated salt splitting depends on contributions from water dissociation in the bipolar membrane, ohmic resistances in ion exchange membranes and electrolyte layers, and electrode reactions. We show that the largest contribution to the energy required comes from the bipolar membrane, motivating further research on bipolar membrane development. We also discuss the role of ion exchange membranes in this system: these membranes must provide high ion conductivity while providing selectivity against leakage of acid and base products. Several commercial membranes were screened for conductivity and water content, and their electrodialysis performance is compared. Finally, we use technoeconomic modeling to assess how electrodialysis operating conditions and electrolyte composition affect energy, land, and water demands of a continuously operating direct air capture process, with redox-mediated salt splitting as the centerpiece. Figure 1
9

Herrero-Gonzalez, Marta, e Raquel Ibañez. "Chemical and Energy Recovery Alternatives in SWRO Desalination through Electro-Membrane Technologies". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 17 (31 de agosto de 2021): 8100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178100.

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Electro-membrane technologies are versatile processes that could contribute towards more sustainable seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination in both freshwater production and brine management, facilitating the recovery of materials and energy and driving the introduction of the circular economy paradigm in the desalination industry. Besides the potential possibilities, the implementation of electro-membrane technologies remains a challenge. The aim of this work is to present and evaluate different alternatives for harvesting renewable energy and the recovery of chemicals on an SWRO facility by means of electro-membrane technology. Acid and base self-supply by means of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes is considered, together with salinity gradient energy harvesting by means of reverse electrodialysis and pH gradient energy by means of reverse electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. The potential benefits of the proposed alternatives rely on environmental impact reduction is three-fold: (a) water bodies protection, as direct brine discharge is avoided, (b) improvements in the climate change indicator, as the recovery of renewable energy reduces the indirect emissions related to energy production, and (c) reduction of raw material consumption, as the main chemicals used in the facility are produced in-situ. Moreover, further development towards an increase in their technology readiness level (TRL) and cost reduction are the main challenges to face.
10

Huang, Chuanhui, e Tongwen Xu. "Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes for Sustainable Development". Environmental Science & Technology 40, n.º 17 (setembro de 2006): 5233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es060039p.

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11

Wilhelm, Friedrich G., Ineke Pünt, Nico F. A. van der Vegt, Heiner Strathmann e Matthias Wessling. "Asymmetric Bipolar Membranes in Acid−Base Electrodialysis". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41, n.º 3 (fevereiro de 2002): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie010524n.

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12

Gao, Wei-Ting, Qing Chen, Ming-Gu Du, Wei-Ming Zhang, Chang-Yan Cao e Wei-Guo Song. "Enabling an atom-economic production of chiral amino alcohols by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes". Green Chemistry 22, n.º 7 (2020): 2213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc02460c.

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13

Wu, Yonghui, Ke Gao, Lingfei Zou e Juan Yao. "PPO/PVA hybrid membranes for application in bipolar membrane electrodialysis". DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 161 (2019): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24323.

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14

Nosova, Elena, Aslan Achoh, Victor Zabolotsky e Stanislav Melnikov. "Electrodialysis Desalination with Simultaneous pH Adjustment Using Bilayer and Bipolar Membranes, Modeling and Experiment". Membranes 12, n.º 11 (4 de novembro de 2022): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111102.

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A kinetic model of the bipolar electrodialysis process with a two-chamber unit cell formed by a bilayer (bipolar or asymmetric bipolar) and cation-exchange membrane is proposed. The model allows describing various processes: pH adjustment of strong electrolyte solutions, the conversion of a salt of a weak acid, pH adjustment of a mixture of strong and weak electrolytes. The model considers the non-ideal selectivity of the bilayer membrane, as well as the competitive transfer of cations (hydrogen and sodium ions) through the cation-exchange membrane. Analytical expressions are obtained that describe the kinetic dependences of pH and concentration of ionic components in the desalination (acidification) compartment for various cases. Comparison of experimental data with calculations results show a good qualitative and, in some cases, quantitative agreement between experimental and calculated data. The model can be used to predict the performance of small bipolar membrane electrodialysis modules designed for pH adjustment processes.
15

González, Alonso, Mario Grágeda, Adrián Quispe, Svetlana Ushak, Philippe Sistat e Marc Cretin. "Application and Analysis of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production at High Electrolyte Concentrations: Current Scope and Challenges". Membranes 11, n.º 8 (29 de julho de 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080575.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate obtaining LiOH directly from brines with high LiCl concentrations using bipolar membrane electrodialysis by the analysis of Li+ ion transport phenomena. For this purpose, Neosepta BP and Fumasep FBM bipolar membranes were characterized by linear sweep voltammetry, and the Li+ transport number in cation-exchange membranes was determined. In addition, a laboratory-scale reactor was designed, constructed, and tested to develop experimental LiOH production tests. The selected LiCl concentration range, based on productive process concentrations for Salar de Atacama (Chile), was between 14 and 34 wt%. Concentration and current density effects on LiOH production, current efficiency, and specific electricity consumption were evaluated. The highest current efficiency obtained was 0.77 at initial concentrations of LiOH 0.5 wt% and LiCl 14 wt%. On the other hand, a concentrated LiOH solution (between 3.34 wt% and 4.35 wt%, with a solution purity between 96.0% and 95.4%, respectively) was obtained. The results of this work show the feasibility of LiOH production from concentrated brines by means of bipolar membrane electrodialysis, bringing the implementation of this technology closer to LiOH production on a larger scale. Moreover, being an electrochemical process, this could be driven by Solar PV, taking advantage of the high solar radiation conditions in the Atacama Desert in Chile.
16

Petrov, Oleksandr, Natalia Iwaszczuk, Tina Kharebava, Irina Bejanidze, Volodymyr Pohrebennyk, Nunu Nakashidze e Anton Petrov. "Neutralization of Industrial Water by Electrodialysis". Membranes 11, n.º 2 (31 de janeiro de 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020101.

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The process of non-reagent adjustment of the pH of a NaCl solution (0.5 g/L) of different acidity was investigated by the method of bipolar electrodialysis on a device operating according to the K-system (concentration). The experiments were carried out in the range pH = 2.0–12.0 with monopolar cation-exchange MK-40 (for alkaline solutions) or anion-exchange MA-40 (for acidic solutions) and bipolar MB-2 membranes. The regularities of the change in the pH of the solution on the current density, process productivity and energy consumption for the neutralization process have been investigated. Revealed: with different productivity of the apparatus (Q = 0.5–1.5 m3/h), in the range of pH 3.0–11.0, with an increase in the current density, a neutral pH value is achieved. It has been shown that at pH above 11.0 and below 3.0, even at high current densities (i > 20 A/m2), its value cannot be changed. This is due to the neutralization of the H+ or OH− ions generated by the bipolar membrane by water ions, which are formed as a result of the dissociation of water molecules at the border of the monopolar membrane and the solution under conditions when the value of current exceeds the limiting value.
17

Miesiac, Ireneusz, e Beata Rukowicz. "Bipolar Membrane and Water Splitting in Electrodialysis". Electrocatalysis 13, n.º 2 (29 de dezembro de 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12678-021-00703-5.

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AbstractThe traditional view of the conductivity of electrolytes is based on the mobility of ions in an electric field. A new concept of water conductivity introduces an electron–hole mechanism known from semiconductor theory. The electrolyte ions in the hydrogen bond network of water imitate the structure of a doped silicon lattice. The source of the current carriers is the electrode reaction generating H+ and OH− ions. The continuity of current flow is provided through the electron–hole mechanism, and the movement of electrolyte ions is only a side process. Bipolar membrane in the semiconductor approach is an electrochemical diode forward biased. Generation of large amounts of H+ and OH− has to be considered as a result of current flow and does not require any increase in the water dissociation rate. Bipolar membranes are essential in electrodialysis stacks for the recovery of acids and bases by salt splitting. Graphic Abstract
18

Wei, Guoxiang, Mengmeng Wang, Chenxiao Lin, Chuan Xu e Jie Gao. "Optimizing Operational Parameters for Lithium Hydroxide Production via Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis". Separations 11, n.º 5 (9 de maio de 2024): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11050146.

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Traditional lithium hydroxide production techniques, like lithium sulfate and lithium carbonate causticizing methods, suffer from drawbacks including high specific energy consumption, time-consuming processes, and low recovery rates. The conversion of lithium chloride to lithium hydroxide using bipolar membrane electrodialysis is straightforward; however, the influence of operational parameters on bipolar membrane electrodialysis performance have not been investigated. Herein, the impact of the current density (20 mA/cm2~80 mA/cm2), feed concentration (0.5 M~2.5 M), initial feed pH (2.5, 3.5 and 4.5), and the volume ratio of the feed and base solution (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1) on the current efficiency and specific energy consumption in the bipolar membrane electrodialysis was systematically investigated. The bipolar membrane electrodialysis process showed promising results under optimal conditions with a current density of 50 mA/cm2 and an initial lithium chloride concentration of 1.5 M. This process achieved a current efficiency of 75.86% with a specific energy consumption of 3.65 kwh/kg lithium hydroxide while also demonstrating a lithium hydroxide recovery rate exceeding 90% with a purity of about 95%. This work will provide valuable guidance for hands on implementation of bipolar membrane electrodialysis technology in the production of LiOH.
19

Fernandez-Gonzalez, Carolina, Antonio Dominguez-Ramos, Raquel Ibañez e Angel Irabien. "Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes for Valorization of Brines". Separation & Purification Reviews 45, n.º 4 (10 de dezembro de 2015): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2015.1128951.

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20

Tongwen, Xu, e Yang Weihua. "Citric acid production by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes". Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 41, n.º 6 (julho de 2002): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0255-2701(01)00175-1.

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21

Alvarez, Francisco, Ricardo Alvarez, José Coca, Jacqueline Sandeaux, Roger Sandeaux e Claude Gavach. "Salicylic acid production by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes". Journal of Membrane Science 123, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1997): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(96)00197-4.

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22

Zabolotskii, Victor, Nicolay Sheldeshov e Stanislav Melnikov. "Heterogeneous bipolar membranes and their application in electrodialysis". Desalination 342 (junho de 2014): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2013.11.043.

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23

Hábová, V., K. Melzoch, M. Rychtera, L. Přibyl e V. Mejta. "Application of electrodialysis for lactic acid recovery". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 19, No. 2 (7 de fevereiro de 2013): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6579-cjfs.

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The paper deals with the possibility of using two-stage electrodialysis for recovery of lactic acid from model solutions and from fermentation broth. In the first step lactate was concentrated with desalting electrodialysis using ion exchange membranes Ralex (Mega,Czech Republic). The highest final concentration of 111 g/l was reached in the concentrate, it means an increase more than 2.5-times in comparison with the initial concentration. At the most 2 g of lactate per litre remained in the feed. The second step was the electroconversion of sodium lactate to lactic acid by water-splitting electrodialysis with the bipolar membranes Neosepta (Tokuyama Corp.,Japan). The final lactic acid concentration of 157 g/l was reached in the diluate. Total required energy in both electrodialysis processes consisting of the energy consumption for lactate transfer and for its electroconversion to lactic acid was 142 Wh/mol. The fermentation broth was decolourised before electrodialysis experiments. The best decolourisation capacity was shown by granulated active charcoal filled in the column operated by a slow flow of broth.
24

Deschênes Gagnon, Rosie, Marie-Ève Langevin, Florence Lutin e Laurent Bazinet. "Identification of Fouling Occurring during Coupled Electrodialysis and Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis Treatment for Tofu Whey Protein Recovery". Membranes 14, n.º 4 (11 de abril de 2024): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14040088.

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Tofu whey, a by-product of tofu production, is rich in nutrients such as proteins, minerals, fats, sugars and polyphenols. In a previous work, protein recovery from tofu whey was studied by using a coupled environmental process of ED + EDBM to valorize this by-product. This process allowed protein recovery by reducing the ionic strength of tofu whey during the ED process and acidifying the proteins to their isoelectric point during EDBM. However, membrane fouling was not investigated. The current study focuses on the fouling of membranes at each step of this ED and EDBM process. Despite a reduction in the membrane conductivities and some changes in the mineral composition of the membranes, no scaling was evident after three runs of the process with the same membranes. However, it appeared that the main fouling was due to the presence of isoflavones, the main polyphenols in tofu whey. Indeed, a higher concentration was observed on the AEMs, giving them a yellow coloration, while small amounts were found in the CEMs, and there were no traces on the BPMs. The glycosylated forms of isoflavones were present in higher concentrations than the aglycone forms, probably due to their high amounts of hydroxyl groups, which can interact with the membrane matrices. In addition, the higher concentration of isoflavones on the AEMs seems to be due to a combination of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking, whereas only π–π stacking and hydrogen bonds were possible with the CEMs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the potential fouling of BPMs by polyphenols, report the fouling of IEMs by isoflavones and propose potential interactions.
25

Traenkle, Olivia, e Shannon W. Boettcher. "Utilizing Advanced Bipolar Membranes in Next Generation Electrodialysis Systems". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n.º 55 (28 de agosto de 2023): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01552684mtgabs.

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Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) is an essential process used in various industrial applications, such as water purification and acid/base production. Additionally, advanced BPMED systems are an integral component of larger CO2 sequestration technologies, allowing for ease of pH control within these systems. Improving these systems is vital to mitigating the global effects of climate change. To develop a viable advanced BPMED scheme, it is necessary to acquire bipolar membranes (BPMs) that operate at minimal voltage loss, high current density, and exhibit little ion crossover, while maintaining high performance over an industrially adequate timeframe. Researchers, such as Oener et al., have advanced BPM designs with the introduction of metal oxide catalysts to the interface of the cation- and anion-exchange layers of the BPM. These advanced BPM have shown a significant reduction in the energetic requirements of water dissociation. Applying these findings to BPMED has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of BPMED systems, however, the BPM electrolyzer used for the development of these BPM are not directly analogous to an electrodialysis system. Thus, I present here a custom-built BPMED system that allows for the assessment of the specific voltage contributions of each component within the overall BPMED system. Using this tool, we aim to identify and address the performance and durability limitations of advanced BPM in BPMED by monitoring signs of degradation, such as blistering and delamination, and by monitoring changes in the potential drop across the BPM as conditions within the BPMED system are manipulated. This will lead to enhanced efficiencies and increased durability in BPMED applications, allowing for its integration into emerging CO2 sequestration systems, as well as other stacked membrane systems.
26

Karpenko, Tatyana, Nikita Kovalev, Vladislava Shramenko e Nikolay Sheldeshov. "Investigation of Transport Processes through Ion-Exchange Membranes Used in the Production of Amines from Their Salts Using Bipolar Electrodialysis". Membranes 12, n.º 11 (10 de novembro de 2022): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111126.

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The influence of the nature of amine solutions on the frequency spectrum of the electrochemical impedance of the bipolar membrane aMB-2m is investigated. Moreover, the effect of the circulation rate of solutions in the electrodialyzer chambers on the volt-ampere characteristics of the Ralex AMH and MA-40L anion-exchange membranes and the aMB-2m bipolar membrane has been investigated. The diffusion characteristics of various types of anion-exchange membranes in a system containing dimethylammonium sulfate ((DEA)2H2SO4), as well as the diffusion characteristics of the Ralex AMH membrane in systems with methylammonium sulfate, dimethylammonium sulfate, diethylammonium sulfate, and ethylenediammonium sulfate ((MA)2H2SO4, (DMA)2H2SO4, (DEA)2H2SO4, EDAH2SO4) have been studied. It is shown that diffusion permeability depends on the structure and composition of anion-exchange membranes, as well as on the nature of amines. The technical and economic characteristics of the electromembrane processes for the production of amines and sulfuric acid from amine salts are determined. It is shown that when using Ralex AMH anion-exchange membranes in an electrodialyzer together with bipolar aMB-2m membranes, higher concentrations of diethylamine and sulfuric acid are achieved, compared with the use of MA-40L anion-exchange membranes.
27

Pintauro, Peter N. "(Invited) Monopolar and Bipolar Membranes Based on Nanofiber Electrospinning". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n.º 39 (22 de dezembro de 2023): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02391893mtgabs.

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Cation-exchange, anion-exchange, and bipolar membranes play crucial roles in a variety of electrochemical processes and devices, including chloralkali cells, electrodialysis separations for water purification, proton-exchange membrane and hydroxide-exchange membrane (alkaline) fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and processes for direct air capture of CO2. The incorporation of polymeric nanofibers into such membranes provides an attractive and tunable method of creating materials with new nano-morphologies and highly desirable properties. The impregnation of an ionomer solution into a pre-formed nonwoven porous mat of electrospun polymer fibers is a well-known method of making reinforced proton-exchange membranes. The use of simultaneous dual-fiber electrospinning or the electrospinning of polymer blends can be used to intermix/incorporate/co-locate dissimilar and incompatible polymers on the nanoscale. Although less studied in the literature, these methods offer many interesting possibilities for new membrane structures with targeted and unique transport and mechanical properties. In this review talk, the use of dual fiber and blended polymer fiber electrospinning for membrane fabrication will be presented for the following: (1) Nanofiber reinforced cation (proton) exchange membranes, (2) Electrospun NafionTM/PVDF dual fiber and single-fiber membranes for H2/Br2 redox flow batteries, (3) Composite anion exchange membranes, and (4) Bipolar membranes with a 3D nanofiber junction. Materials and methods for membrane fabrication will be described and the properties of the membranes will be discussed.
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Schulte, Leanna, Gabriel S. Phun, Ethan J. Heffernan, William White, Lawrence A. Renna e Shane Ardo. "Making and Breaking Bipolar Membrane Protonic Diodes". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n.º 57 (9 de outubro de 2022): 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02572184mtgabs.

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Historically, bipolar membranes have been used for application in electrodialysis at moderate current densities (<100 mA/cm2). In the past decade bipolar membranes have experienced a renaissance due to interest in driving higher current density processes with intentional pH gradients between the anode and cathode, such as CO2/H2O electrolysis and electrochemical generation of acid and base for direct oceanic carbon capture, two applications that my group actively studies. My group’s main contribution to this field is that we recently showed that bipolar membranes are in fact high-quality protonic diodes, where water serves as a (protonic) semiconductor. Given this fact, we leveraged techniques from the semiconductor physics and electrocatalysis communities, i.e. Mott–Schottky analysis and Butler–Volmer analysis, to further characterize bipolar membrane performance. Using this platform, we have also demonstrated photovoltaic action from photoacid-dye-sensitized bipolar membranes. More recently, we have studied how intentional placement of proton-donating and proton-accepting groups in the bipolar membrane space–charge region forms a recombination/generation junction, which are the non-tunneling variants of tunnel junctions that are important in tandem solar cells. This allows for rapid protonic conduction across originally rather insulating junctions, as desired for ionic conductors in most electrochemical devices. Collectively, our efforts form the foundational framework for new functions and resulting applications that benefit from protonic transfer and transport.
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Song, Hyeon-Bee, e Moon-Sung Kang. "Bipolar Membranes Containing Iron-Based Catalysts for Efficient Water-Splitting Electrodialysis". Membranes 12, n.º 12 (28 de novembro de 2022): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121201.

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Water-splitting electrodialysis (WSED) process using bipolar membranes (BPMs) is attracting attention as an eco-friendly and efficient electro-membrane process that can produce acids and bases from salt solutions. BPMs are a key component of the WSED process and should satisfy the requirements of high water-splitting capability, physicochemical stability, low membrane cost, etc. The water-splitting performance of BPMs can be determined by the catalytic materials introduced at the bipolar junction. Therefore, in this study, several kinds of iron metal compounds (i.e., Fe(OH)3, Fe(OH)3@Fe3O4, Fe(OH)2EDTA, and Fe3O4@ZIF-8) were prepared and the catalytic activities for water-splitting reactions in BPMs were systematically analyzed. In addition, the pore-filling method was applied to fabricate low-cost/high-performance BPMs, and the 50 μm-thick BPMs prepared on the basis of PE porous support showed several times superior toughness compared to Fumatech FBM membrane. Through various electrochemical analyses, it was proven that Fe(OH)2EDTA has the highest catalytic activity for water-splitting reactions and the best physical and electrochemical stabilities among the considered metal compounds. This is the result of stable complex formation between Fe and EDTA ligand, increase in hydrophilicity, and catalytic water-splitting reactions by weak acid and base groups included in EDTA as well as iron hydroxide. It was also confirmed that the hydrophilicity of the catalyst materials introduced to the bipolar junction plays a critical role in the water-splitting reactions of BPM.
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Niftaliev, S. I., O. A. Kozaderova, A. V. Ivanov, I. A. Kozenko, K. B. Kim e M. S. Igumnov. "Development of top-level software for the process control system for bentonite-containing bipolar membranes". Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, n.º 4 (7 de dezembro de 2022): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-4-165-172.

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An approach to automating the technological process of obtaining bentonite-containing ion-exchange bipolar membranes is considered. The structures of automated systems are given, both with the use of local automation tools, and with the use of industrial controllers and workstations. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the structures are described. A two-level control system with the use of sensors, actuators, and an industrial controller at the lower level and a workstation at the upper level is suggested. The scheme of the complex of technical means is implemented. The information model of the upper level software of the control system taking into account the peculiarities of the technological process is developed. The data flow diagram is described and functioning principles of the upper level software are proposed. A software module, that is designed both to calculate control actions for the lower control level and to simulate periodic laboratory bipolar electrodialysis of a sodium sulfate solution with experimental bentonite-containing bipolar membranes to produce acid and alkali, has been developed in C++. During the operation of the software module, it is possible to trace the dependence of technological parameters of electrodialysis (ion flux, current efficiency, energy costs for the production of the target product) on the type of bentonite modifier used (alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (surfactant) and stearic acid) and its quantity in membranes (1, 2, 3% wt.) at different current densities. The software module can be used in existing industries within the framework of functioning process control systems in order to optimize operating parameters during control of electrodialysis processe.
31

Chen, Xia, Xinyu Ruan, Sandra E. Kentish, Gang (Kevin) Li, Tongwen Xu e George Q. Chen. "Production of lithium hydroxide by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes". Separation and Purification Technology 274 (novembro de 2021): 119026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119026.

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Egorov, E. N., A. A. Svittsov, S. N. Dudnik e V. I. Demkin. "Fractionation of multicomponent solutions by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes". Petroleum Chemistry 52, n.º 8 (dezembro de 2012): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544112080063.

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Rozoy, Elodie, Leslie Boudesocque e Laurent Bazinet. "Deacidification of Cranberry Juice by Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63, n.º 2 (12 de janeiro de 2015): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf502824f.

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Li, Chuanrun, Guifang Wang, Hongyan Feng, Tianyi He, Yaoming Wang e Tongwen Xu. "Cleaner production of Niacin using bipolar membranes electrodialysis (BMED)". Separation and Purification Technology 156 (dezembro de 2015): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.10.027.

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Eisaman, Matthew D., Luis Alvarado, Daniel Larner, Peng Wang, Bhaskar Garg e Karl A. Littau. "CO2separation using bipolar membrane electrodialysis". Energy Environ. Sci. 4, n.º 4 (2011): 1319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ee00303d.

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Wang, Yaoming, Xu Zhang e Tongwen Xu. "Integration of conventional electrodialysis and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes for production of organic acids". Journal of Membrane Science 365, n.º 1-2 (dezembro de 2010): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.09.018.

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Maitz, Silvia, Lukas Wernsperger e Marlene Kienberger. "Isolation of Carboxylic Acids and NaOH from Kraft Black Liquor with a Membrane-Based Process Sequence". Membranes 13, n.º 1 (10 de janeiro de 2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010092.

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In kraft pulping, large quantities of biomass degradation products dissolved in the black liquor are incinerated for power generation and chemical recovery. The black liquor is, however, a promising feedstock for carboxylic acids and lignin. Efficient fractionation of black liquor can be used to isolate these compounds and recycle the pulping chemicals. The present work discusses the fractionation of industrial black liquor by a sequence of nanofiltration and bipolar membrane electrodialysis units. Nanofiltration led to retention of the majority of lignin in the retentate and to a significant concentration increase in low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, such as formic, acetic, glycolic and lactic acids, in the permeate. Subsequent treatment with bipolar membrane electrodialysis showed the potential for simultaneous recovery of acids in the acid compartment and the pulping chemical NaOH in the base compartment. The residual lignin was completely retained by the used membranes. Diffusion of acids to the base compartment and the low current density, however, limited the yield of acids and the current efficiency. In experiments with a black liquor model solution under optimized conditions, NaOH and acid recoveries of 68–72% were achieved.
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Kharina, Anastasiia Yu, Olga E. Charushina e Tatiana V. Eliseeva. "Organic fouling of anion-exchange and bipolar membranes during the separation of amino acid and sucrose by electrodialysis". Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 25, n.º 2 (11 de maio de 2023): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2023.25/11107.

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The article presents a study of the behaviour of the MA-41 anion-exchange membrane and MB-2 bipolar membrane during the electrodialysis of a solution containing tyrosine and sucrose. It establishes changes in current-voltage, transport, and structural characteristics of ion-exchange membranes. The study of the evolution of membrane characteristics during a prolonged contact with solutions containing an aromatic amino acid and disaccharide is aimed at providing a deeper understanding of and finding solutions to the problem of organic fouling of membranes, which complicates the electromembrane separation of components of the solution during microbiological synthesis of amino acids. It was found that the fluxes of tyrosine and sucrose through the MA-41 membrane measured after its operation during 50-hour electrodialysis reach higher values than during the first hours of operation after the system reaches a steady state. However, it was noted that when the membrane continues to be used, the flux of components through the MA-41 membrane decreases. What is more, this change is pronounced with a high current density. This decrease in mass transport, an increased voltage drop on the MB-2 and MA-41 membranes, and lower values for the effective ОН- ion transport number for the MA-41 membrane are associated with the phenomenon of organic fouling confirmed by revealed structural changes in the ion-exchange material, which become significant after a prolonged contact (more than 60 hours) with a mixed solution of tyrosine and sucrose. These changes are associated with the accumulation of an amino acid and its oxidation product, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, in the membrane phase, as well as with a decrease in the content of sucrose absorbed by the membrane.
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Pretz, J., e E. Staude. "Reverse electrodialysis (RED) with bipolar membranes, an energy storage system". Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 102, n.º 4 (22 de junho de 2010): 676–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19981020412.

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Haydarov, A. A., G. I. Alyshanly, S. A. Kuliyev e D. T. Mehmet. "OBTAINING OF ALKALINE FROM ALUMINATE SOLUTION BY ELECTRODIALYSIS METHOD". Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, n.º 2 (19 de junho de 2023): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2023-2-154-162.

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In the study, electrodialysis of alunite mud and aluminum hydroxide washing solutions, obtained during the processing of alunite ore, has been carried out in the study. Acid and alkali extraction from the electrodialysis process, as well as the conditions for solidification of the obtained alkali and acid, has been researched. PC Cell 64004 electrodialysis device and bipolar, anion, cation exchange membranes and the processes occurring in the membranes has been used in the experiments. Studies show that during the electrodialysis of sodium sulfate solution, if it is possible to obtain a 3–4% sodium hydroxide solution in the initial experiments, the concentration of the alkali can be increased to 5% in the alkali thickening experiments. The flow rate of 1 ml/sec, current strength – 3–4 A, voltage – 4–5 V have been adopted as the optimal conditions of the experiments. During the study of the factors effect on the concentration of the products, it has been determined that the flow rate is the main factor affecting the process. So reducing the flow rate leads to an increase in the concentration of alkali and acid. The longer the sodium sulfate solution remains in the electrolysis chambers, the higher the concentration of the obtains alkali. At the same time, although increasing the current intensity and voltage allows to achieve an increase in the thickness of the products, the rise of these parameters is not considered favorable, since the increase in the current strength has a negative effect on the quality of the membranes
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Wang, Xiaolin, Yaoming Wang, Xu Zhang, Hongyan Feng, Chuanrun Li e Tongwen Xu. "Phosphate Recovery from Excess Sludge by Conventional Electrodialysis (CED) and Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes (EDBM)". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, n.º 45 (31 de outubro de 2013): 15896–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie4014088.

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Titorova, Valentina, Konstantin Sabbatovskiy, Veronika Sarapulova, Evgeniy Kirichenko, Vladimir Sobolev e Ksenia Kirichenko. "Characterization of MK-40 Membrane Modified by Layers of Cation Exchange and Anion Exchange Polyelectrolytes". Membranes 10, n.º 2 (27 de janeiro de 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10020020.

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Coating of ion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis with layers of polyelectrolytes is a proven approach that allows for the increasing of the limiting current, the suppressing of sedimentation, the controlling of the intensity of generation of H+ and OH− ions, and also the improving of monovalent selectivity. However, in the case when two materials with the opposite sign of the charge of fixed groups come in contact, a bipolar boundary is created that can cause undesirable changes in the membrane properties. In this work, we used a MK-40 heterogeneous membrane on the surface of which a layer of polyethyleneimine was applied by adsorption from a solution as a model of heterogeneous membranes modified with oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. It was found that, on one hand, the properties of modified membrane were beneficial for electrodialysis, its limiting current did not decrease and the membrane even acquired a barrier to non-selective electrolyte transport. At the same time, the generation of H+ and OH− ions of low intensity arose, even in underlimiting current modes. It was also shown that despite the presence of a layer of polyethyleneimine, the surface charge of the modified membrane remained negative, which we associate with low protonation of polyethyleneimine at neutral pH.
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Bazinet, L., F. Lamarche e D. Ippersiel. "Bipolar-membrane electrodialysis: Applications of electrodialysis in the food industry". Trends in Food Science & Technology 9, n.º 3 (março de 1998): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(98)00026-0.

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44

Nichka, Vladlen S., Thibaud R. Geoffroy, Victor Nikonenko e Laurent Bazinet. "Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk". Membranes 10, n.º 9 (26 de agosto de 2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090200.

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Fouling is one of the major problems in electrodialysis. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of five different solution flow rates (corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 162, 242, 323, 404 and 485) combined with the use of pulsed electric field (PEF) current mode on protein fouling of bipolar membrane (BPM) during electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) of skim milk. The application of PEF prevented the fouling formation by proteins on the cationic interface of the BPM almost completely, regardless of the flow rate or Reynolds number. Indeed, under PEF mode of current the weight of protein fouling was negligible in comparison with CC current mode (0.07 ± 0.08 mg/cm2 versus 5.56 ± 2.40 mg/cm2). When a continuous current (CC) mode was applied, Reynolds number equals or higher than 323 corresponded to a minimal value of protein fouling of BPM. This positive effect of both increasing the flow rate and using PEF is due to the facts that during pauses, the solution flow flushes the accumulated protein from the membrane while in the same time there is a decrease in concentration polarization (CP) and consequently decrease in H+ generation at the cationic interface of the BPM, minimizing fouling formation and accumulation.
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Bunani, Samuel, Gudrun Abbt-Braun e Harald Horn. "Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using a Customized Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis Process". Molecules 29, n.º 8 (12 de abril de 2024): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081754.

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Lack of safe water availability and access to clean water cause a higher risk of infectious diseases and other diseases as well. Heavy metals (HMs) are inorganic pollutants that cause severe threats to humans, animals, and the environment. Therefore, an effective HM removal technology is urgently needed. In the present study, a customized bipolar membrane electrodialysis process was used to remove HMs from aqueous solutions. The impacts of the feed ionic strength, applied electrical potential, and the type and concentration of HMs (Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Ni2+) on the process performance were investigated. The results showed that feed solution pH changes occurred in four stages: it first decreased linearly before stabilizing in the acidic pH range, followed by an increase and stabilization in the basic range of the pH scale. HM speciation in the basic pH range revealed the presence of anionic HM species. The presence of HMs on anion exchange membranes confirmed the contribution of these membranes for HM removal in the base channels of the process. While no clear trend was seen in the ionic strength solution, the maximum HM removal was observed when 1.5 g/L NaCl was used. The initial HM concentration showed a linear increase in HMs removal of up to 30 mg/L. A similar trend was seen with an increase in the applied electrical potential of up to 15 V. In general, the amount of HMs removed increased in the following order: Cd2+ ˃ Ni2+ ˃ Co2+ ˃ Cu2+ ˃ Cr3+. Under some operational conditions, however, the removed amount of Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ was similar. The mass balance and SEM-EDX results revealed that the removed HMs were sorbed onto the membranes. In conclusion, this process efficiently separates HMs from aqueous solutions. It showed the features of diluate pH adjustment, reduction in the overall stack electrical resistance, and contribution of anion exchange membranes in multivalent cation removal. The mechanisms involved in HMs removal were diffusion and migration from the bulk solution, followed by their sorption on both cation and anion exchange membranes.
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Pismenskaya, Natalia, Olesya Rybalkina, Ksenia Solonchenko, Evgeniia Pasechnaya, Veronika Sarapulova, Yaoming Wang, Chenxiao Jiang, Tongwen Xu e Victor Nikonenko. "How Chemical Nature of Fixed Groups of Anion-Exchange Membranes Affects the Performance of Electrodialysis of Phosphate-Containing Solutions?" Polymers 15, n.º 10 (12 de maio de 2023): 2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102288.

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Innovative ion exchange membranes have become commercially available in recent years. However, information about their structural and transport characteristics is often extremely insufficient. To address this issue, homogeneous anion exchange membranes with the trade names ASE, CJMA-3 and CJMA-6 have been investigated in NaxH(3−x)PO4 solutions with pH 4.4 ± 0.1, 6.6 and 10.0 ± 0.2, as well as NaCl solutions with pH 5.5 ± 0.1. Using IR spectroscopy and processing the concentration dependences of the electrical conductivity of these membranes in NaCl solutions, it was shown that ASE has a highly cross-linked aromatic matrix and mainly contains quaternary ammonium groups. Other membranes have a less cross-linked aliphatic matrix based on polyvinylidene fluoride (CJMA-3) or polyolefin (CJMA-6) and contain quaternary amines (CJMA-3) or a mixture of strongly basic (quaternary) and weakly basic (secondary) amines (CJMA-6). As expected, in dilute solutions of NaCl, the conductivity of membranes increases with an increase in their ion-exchange capacity: CJMA-6 < CJMA-3 << ASE. Weakly basic amines appear to form bound species with proton-containing phosphoric acid anions. This phenomenon causes a decrease in the electrical conductivity of CJMA-6 membranes compared to other studied membranes in phosphate-containing solutions. In addition, the formation of the neutral and negatively charged bound species suppresses the generation of protons by the “acid dissociation” mechanism. Moreover, when the membrane is operated in overlimiting current modes and/or in alkaline solutions, a bipolar junction is formed at the CJMA- 6/depleted solution interface. The CJMA-6 current-voltage curve becomes similar to the well-known curves for bipolar membranes, and water splitting intensifies in underlimiting and overlimiting modes. As a result, energy consumption for electrodialysis recovery of phosphates from aqueous solutions almost doubles when using the CJMA-6 membrane compared to the CJMA-3 membrane.
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Mikhaylin, Sergey, Laure Patouillard, Manuele Margni e Laurent Bazinet. "Milk protein production by a more environmentally sustainable process: bipolar membrane electrodialysis coupled with ultrafiltration". Green Chemistry 20, n.º 2 (2018): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc02154b.

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48

Abou-Diab, Mira, Jacinthe Thibodeau, Barbara Deracinois, Christophe Flahaut, Ismail Fliss, Pascal Dhulster, Laurent Bazinet e Naima Nedjar. "Bovine Hemoglobin Enzymatic Hydrolysis by a New Eco-Efficient Process-Part II: Production of Bioactive Peptides". Membranes 10, n.º 10 (29 de setembro de 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10100268.

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Bovine cruor, a slaughterhouse waste, was mainly composed of hemoglobin, a protein rich in antibacterial and antioxidant peptides after its hydrolysis. In the current context of food safety, such bioactive peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of hemoglobin represent potential promising preservatives for the food sector. In this work, the hemoglobin hydrolysis to produce bioactive peptides was performed in a regulated pH medium without the use of chemical solvents and by an eco-efficient process: electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM). Bipolar/monopolar (anionic or cationic) configuration using the H+ and OH− generated by the bipolar membranes to regulate the pH was investigated. The aim of this study was to present and identify the bioactive peptides produced by EDBM in comparison with conventional hydrolysis and to identify their biological activity. The use of the EDBM for the enzymatic hydrolysis of hemoglobin has allowed for the production and identification of 17 bioactive peptides. Hydrolysates obtained by EDBM showed an excellent antimicrobial activity against six strains, antioxidant activity measured by four different tests and for the first time anti-fungal activities against five yeasts and mold strains. Consequently, this enzymatic hydrolysis carried out in regulated pH medium with bipolar membranes could provide bioactive peptides presenting antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant interest.
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Kravtsov, Vitalii A., Irina K. Kulikova, Artem S. Bessonov e Ivan A. Evdokimov. "Feasibility of using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes to deacidify acid whey". International Journal of Dairy Technology 73, n.º 1 (16 de agosto de 2019): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12637.

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50

Wang, Yaoming, Chuanhui Huang e Tongwen Xu. "Optimization of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes by using response surface methodology". Journal of Membrane Science 362, n.º 1-2 (outubro de 2010): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.049.

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