Bibliografias temáticas / Effect of pandemics on

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Effect of pandemics on"

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Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Effect of pandemics on"

Rodríguez-Caballero, C. Vladimir, e J. Eduardo Vera-Valdés. "Long-Lasting Economic Effects of Pandemics:Evidence on Growth and Unemployment". Econometrics 8, n.º 3 (17 de setembro de 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8030037.

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This paper studies long economic series to assess the long-lasting effects of pandemics. We analyze if periods that cover pandemics have a change in trend and persistence in growth, and in level and persistence in unemployment. We find that there is an upward trend in the persistence level of growth across centuries. In particular, shocks originated by pandemics in recent times seem to have a permanent effect on growth. Moreover, our results show that the unemployment rate increases and becomes more persistent after a pandemic. In this regard, our findings support the design and implementation of timely counter-cyclical policies to soften the shock of the pandemic.

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Sönmez, Hakan. "Pandemics and Post-Pandemic Times". Revista Angelus Novus, n.º 17 (10 de outubro de 2021): 185721. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-5487.v12i17p185721.

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This essay investigates some of the major pandemics in human history and scrutinizes their sociological, economic, and political pay-offs. To what extent can pandemics transform our society? How do the pandemics in history relate to the current? The Plague of Athens caused disappointment towards Greek gods since the Athenians felt they were not getting enough support from Apollo. The Plague of Justinian brought revolts across the empire and led to the end of Classical Antiquity. The Black Death changed the future vision of Europeans significantly because death was omnipresent. Although the death toll of cholera pandemic was limited, it triggered stigmatization, violence, and racism towards Asian people, especially to Indians. The Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés would never have been able to colonize the Aztec civilization without the smallpox outbreak. After an episode of absurdism and Dadaism, the Spanish flu brought the Roaring Twenties with widespread use of radio, dance-halls, jazz, Harlem Renaissance, gay and lesbian scenes, and women’s suffrage. Coronavirus pandemic shows that society is digitizing at light speed among the art world. This essay also shows that our economy is a positive-sum economy in contrast to the zero-sum economy in times of the Black Death and before. There is also a delicate balance that must be maintained between keeping the pandemic under control and respecting the democratic principles. The essay concludes that each pandemic has an idiosyncratic nature and a pandemic can have different effects in different societies or regions in the world.

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Zanon, Ana Beatrice Bonganha, Elias Ribeiro Rosa Júnior, Nátaly Adriana Jiménez Monroy, Luciana Graziela de Godoi, Bruna Rodrigues de Mattos, Cristiane de Freitas Paganoti, Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco, Agatha Sacramento Rodrigues e Rafaela Alkmin da Costa. "The Effect of Being Pregnant during Respiratory Pandemics: A Comparison between 2009/10 Flu and 2020/21 COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil". Vaccines 10, n.º 8 (28 de julho de 2022): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081202.

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Pregnant women undergo physiological changes that make them a challenging group of patients during pandemic respiratory diseases, as previously found during H1N1 2009 pandemic and recently ratified in COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on 5888 hospitalized women for H1N1 flu pandemic (2190 pregnant and 3698 non-pregnant) and 64,515 hospitalized women for COVID-19 pandemic (5151 pregnant and 59,364 non-pregnant), from the Brazilian national database, to compare demographic profile, clinical aspects, and mortality in childbearing aged women during both pandemics. Additionally, the effect of being pregnant was compared between both pandemics. In both pandemics, pregnant women were younger than non-pregnant women. Overall, pregnant women had lower frequencies of comorbidities and were less symptomatic. Among hospitalized women, pregnant women presented lower mortality rates than non-pregnant women (9.7% vs. 12.6%, p = 0.002 in the H1N1 pandemic and 9.7% vs. 17.4%, p < 0.001 in the COVID-19 pandemic) and this difference was statistically more pronounced in the COVID-19 pandemic, even after balancing pregnant and non-pregnant groups regarding age and chronic diseases.

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Hossen, Md Arman, Md Merazur Rahman, Md Nabil Ahmed Nahid, Rafiul Islam, Sumit Kumar Banshal, Vedika Gupta e Pranav Dass. "Impact on GDP and the stock market during pandemics or epidemics of 21st century". Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 26, n.º 5 (2023): 951–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47974/jim-1533.

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In this article, we present the effect on GDP growth rate during key major pandemics in the twenty-first century. Ebola, cholera, and the most dangerous pandemic, Covid-19, are all fatal pandemics. It was said that Coronavirus started spreading from Wuhan, China. The virus then afflicted the entire human race worldwide. The major goal of this paper is to compare the most catastrophic pandemic to another pandemic in terms of its effect on GDP. This study also examined the impact of the pandemic on the stock market. We offer a descriptive examination of economic impact over the course of 19 years for different countries.

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Zhou, Jinyi, e Ke-fu Zhang. "Effect of ethical nurse leaders on subordinates during pandemics". Nursing Ethics 29, n.º 2 (8 de novembro de 2021): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09697330211030673.

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Background: As caring in times of pandemics becomes extremely stressful, the volume and intensity of nursing work witness significant increase. Ethical practices are therefore even more important for nurses and nurse leaders during this special period. Research aim: The aim was to explore the relationship between ethical nurse leaders and nurses’ task mastery and ostracism, and to examine the mediating role of relational identification in this relationship during pandemics. Research design: Based on social exchange theory, this study tests a theoretical model proposing that ethical nurse leaders can increase nurses’ task mastery and reduce their ostracism by improving their relational identification with leaders during pandemics. Participants and research context: A multilevel and multi-wave field study using data from 172 nurses from 45 departments of two comprehensive hospitals was performed from April to August 2020 to test proposed hypotheses. Ethical considerations: We received formal approvals from the ethical committee of the hospital where we conducted this study before the data collection. Results: Ethical nurse leaders can indeed increase nurses’ task mastery and reduce their ostracism during the pandemic period; furthermore, nurses’ identification with their leaders mediates these relationships. We find that ethical leadership plays an even more important role in improving nurses’ task mastery and reducing their ostracism that may be facilitated by pandemics this special time. Nurses will become more identified with their leaders when they are treated by ethical ways. Discussion: The study tries to advance our understanding of the important role of ethical leadership in nurse management literature and provide useful suggestions for healthcare institutions, nurse leaders, and nurses during pandemics. Conclusion: Theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings are discussed. Specifically, we suggest that healthcare institutions cultivate ethical nurse leaders to facilitate nurses’ relational identification, which in turn will positively influence work outcomes.

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Debraj Mukhopadhyay, J. Swaminathan, Soham Basu, Sudarshan Ramaswamy e Arun Kumar Sharma. "Effect of Air Pollution on the Occurrences and Death of COVID-19". International Healthcare Research Journal 4, n.º 12 (12 de março de 2021): SC1—SC3. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0412.03397.

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Air contamination continues to be the leading environmental risk factor for all causes of death, leading to substantial years of lives and economic decline adapted to incapacity increased deaths in air pollution in past pandemics, in 1918, Spanish Flu and in 2003 with SARS-CoV-1. The host susceptibility and respiratory virulence are increased and viral clearance is decreased. Therefore, there is a question about the effect of air contamination on the current 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). History and research have until now been concerned with the huge potential consequences of the COVID-19 air pollution pandemic. In order to validate this correlation, more epidemiological and environmental research is necessary. Moreover, countries must leverage air emissions reduction funds to benefit their wellbeing and enhance their possible impact on future pandemics.

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An, Lu Vi. "Epidemics and pandemics in human history: Origins, effects and response measures". Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, n.º 4 (15 de dezembro de 2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i4.612.

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Epidemics and pandemics are kind of the regular disasters that not only threaten human health, but also affect economy, social and politic life of many societies and civilizations. In the timeline of human history, there have long been a lot of catastrophic epidemics, rapidly spreading all over the world, leading to massive deaths and becoming horrible challenges to human existence. They included the plague of Antonine in Ancient Rome; the Justinian pandemic and ``the Black Death'' in the Medieval period; the pandemic of cholera and the Asian plague in the modern age; the 1918- 1919 flu pandemic, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the influenza pandemic in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019-2020. The main infectious diseases that cause pandemics in human history are plagued, smallpox, cholera and flu. By approaching the macrohistory and environmental history, the article made some overviews of epidemics and pandemics in human history from ancient ages to modern ages. Firstly, the article researches the terms ``epidemic, pandemic" and their levels. Next, the article analyzes the origins of epidemics and pandemics, the causes of their appearance, including biological factors, natural conditions and social conditions. Then, the article presents the outbreaks, spreads and impacts of some significant epidemics and pandemics in human history. Hence, the article also initially evaluates some response measures to epidemics and pandemics in history.

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Fisher, Thomas. "Post-Pandemic Public Space: How COVID-19 May Permanently Alter the Public Realm". International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology 10 (23 de dezembro de 2023): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-9821.2023.10.6.

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This research looks at the impact that pandemics can have on public space. The goal of the research was to learn from the past to anticipate the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the public realm. The research involved exploring the history of the effects of two major global pandemics – the 19th C. Cholera and the 20th C Influenza pandemics – as well as documenting the effects of COVID-19 as they occurred. The main finding of the research is that pandemics have long-lasting impacts on public space, although each has a somewhat different effect, depending upon whether it is bacterial or viral-based and how different countries and cultures respond. The research also shows that COVID-19 has been unique in rebalancing what we do in-person or remotely, physically or digitally, which will likely have profound effects on the use of public as well as private space. This, in turn, will demand a re-evaluation of public policies, many of which are based on pre-pandemic assumptions about in-person interactions as the primary way in which people work, shop, learn, and live.

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Castañeda-Millán, David Andrés, Sebastián Rodríguez-Piraquive, Pedro Luis Guachetá-Bomba, David Augusto Cortés-Páez, Juan Pablo Alzate-Granados, Juan Camilo Álvarez-Restrepo, Cesar Capera-López et al. "Effects of the first–wave COVID-19 pandemic's on emergency urological care in Colombia: A multicenter study". Revista Mexicana de Urología 81, n.º 5 (7 de dezembro de 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.48193/revistamexicanadeurologa.v81i5.766.

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemics has caused millions of deaths worldwide, has increased the demand for in-hospital beds and has affected in-hospital activities of "non-respiratory patients." There is currently no known effect of the pandemic on the emergency urological care in our region. This study aims to estimate the first – wave COVID-19 pandemics effect on emergency urological care in four tertiary Colombian hospitals. Material and methods: A cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study were made. The emergency urological care activities between April – May 2019 and April – May 2020 were compared. We calculated descriptive statistics and assessed differences during the study periods. We used Stata 13.0. Results: 1570 patients were included. There was a 22.20% decrease in the number of patients who visited the emergency room (ER) for urological disease during the pandemic's initial phase. Urolithiasis and urological infectious were the most common reasons for consulting in the ER. there was a significant decrease in ER visits caused by acute urinary retention (p: 0.001). The surgical index for patients who required emergency urological care had a increase of 10.74% (p: 0.0001). There was a decrease of 0.74 days in hospital stay for patients who required urological emergency care in the initial COVID-19 pandemic period. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on emergency and elective urological care worldwide. During the initial phase of this emergency there was a significant decreased in hospital admission due to urological diseases (including acute urinary retention) and average hospital stays due to urological emergencies in Colombia, however, the surgical index for critical urological diseases increased by 10.74%. According to the pandemics dynamics, a greater effect on urological care is expected.

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Etukudo, Udobia Elijah, e zubike Cyprain Nwokocha. "THE EFFECT OF COVID – 19 ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS". International Journal of Education and Social Science Research 05, n.º 04 (2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2022.5404.

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The effect of COVID – 19 pandemics pandemic on the academic achievement of senior secondary school students in the rural communities of Akwa aibom state of Nigeria was studied. Five hundred (500) students were randomly selected from 2057 Senior Secondary School Class Two (SSC2) students. The scores of the students in Mathematics were collected from the terminal examination result broad sheets. Using causal comparative (ex- post facto) design, the analysis of data revealed that there existed significant differences in academic achieve of the students before and after the OVID – 19 pandemics. students’ achievement decline after COVID -19, due to the negative effect of the pandemic on learning and education in general. Students need palliatives and motivations to recover from shock cause by the COVID – 19.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Effect of pandemics on"

Marsh, P. J. "The effect of the 1918-19 influenza pandemic on Ulster". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534584.

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Chen, Hao Hang Rachel. "The effect of pandemic influenza H1N1 viral infection on house dust mite sensitized mice". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58438.

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A disproportionately large number of asthmatics experienced morbidity and mortality during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. To date, there is little information on the mechanisms behind this epidemiological and clinical observation. Using a murine asthma model, we sought to determine the effects of airway inflammation on host responses to pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) infection. We hypothesized that mice with an allergic airway phenotype would have a greater viral susceptibility to pH1N1 infection and a dysregulated host response that prevents effective viral clearance and leads to increased burden of pulmonary inflammation, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. We established a murine allergic airway model using house dust mite (HDM) extract. We intranasally instilled male BALB/c mice with HDM or sham PBS daily for two weeks; after which we introduced a single intranasal dose of pH1N1 virus or control vehicle fluid (CAF). HDM or PBS instillation continued daily post-viral infection (pi) forming four groups: 1) sham-sensitized + CAF, 2) HDM-sensitized + CAF, 3) sham-sensitized + pH1N1, and 4) HDM-sensitized + pH1N1. Mice were weighed daily. Virus-infected animals were euthanized at 1-hr pi and on Day 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 pi and non-infected animals were euthanized on Day 0 and 8 pi. Viral titre, interferon-β (IFN β), and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression patterns were determined by qPCR on RNA extracted from homogenized lung tissue. IFN β protein levels were evaluated by ELISA in bronchoalveolar lavage. Pulmonary inflammation was quantified using H&E stain on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue. HDM-sensitized animals exhibited significantly greater weight loss than sham-sensitized animals following infection. Also, HDM-sensitized mice had significantly higher viral titres on Day 8 pi as compared to sham-sensitized mice. Downstream ISG inductions were dampened in HDM-sensitized, virus-infected animals despite comparable initial IFN β response in HDM- and sham-sensitized mice. We also observed mixed-type pulmonary inflammation in HDM-sensitized mice following pH1N1 infection. Our data suggest dysregulated host ISG responses, combined with the overwhelming burden of pulmonary inflammation, contribute to impaired viral clearance and weight loss indicative of detrimental health outcomes in animals sensitized with HDM following pH1N1 infection.
Medicine, Faculty of
Experimental Medicine, Division of
Medicine, Department of
Graduate

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Lin, Biqiong. "Stockpiling Behavior Impacted by Social Media Use Among Middle-aged Women Consumers in Sweden Amid Coronavirus Pandemic Outbreak". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42502.

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The research paper presents qualitative research and aims to examine the impact of social media on consumers’ stockpiling behavior under the situation of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Sweden since week 11, 2020. Data is collected by interviewing five middle-aged women in Sweden who are either native Swedes or permanent immigrants and who had experienced stockpiling behavior. The interpretation of collected data is discussed based on the two-step flow theory, risk communication and the theory of planned behavior, and the social contagion theory. The qualitative content analysis is used to analyze the data with the results of three themes: being inclined to reach information, realizing why and when to hoard things, and behavior changes and showing confidence. The five women interviewed all use various social media ways to get information about COVID-19. There is a significant correlation between social media use, risk perception formulation, and stockpiling behavior. Participants have their judgment to look into the authenticity and reliability of related news. They trust the official social media reports, underwent the influence of social media reports, two-way online interaction, and other stockpiling consumers. They also experience the decreasing level of risk perception and thus changes in stockpiling behavior.

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Wong, Dik-yan Diana, e 黃廸欣. "Effect of the H275Y neuraminidase mutation on viral fitness of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic 2009 and seasonal H1N1 influenza Aviruses". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617552.

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Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are one of two classes of antiviral compounds available for the control of influenza infections. The H275Y NA mutation confers resistance to the NA inhibitor oseltamivir carboxylate among the N1 influenza subtype and has been identified from resistant variants with distinct epidemiological outcomes in human. Specifically, dominance of oseltamivir-resistant variant of the A/Brisbane/59/2007-like viruses was reported during the 2008 to 2009 influenza season, until it was replaced by the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus [A(H1N1)pdm09]. Since the emergence of the 2009 pandemic, the fitness and transmission potential of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 variants carrying the H275Y mutation has been a concern. This project aims to systematically evaluate the fitness of viruses carrying the H275Y mutation for A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal H1N1 viruses. A panel of recombinant viruses with their NA gene derived from the A(H1N1)pdm09 A/California/04/09 (CA04), seasonal H1N1 A/New Caledonia/20/1999 (NewCal) or A/Brisbane/59/2007 (Brisbane) was generated in the genetic background of CA04. The H275Y mutation in all three viruses led to a reduced affinity for 3’-sialylactose (3’SL) or 6’-sialylactose (6’SL). Similarly, lowered enzyme activity was observed across H275Y-carrying viruses in 3’SL and 6’SL, with the exception of RG-CA04NA-H275Y at catalyzing 3’SL. Differential 3’SL and 6’SL substrate usage was observed between the NA of seasonal H1N1 and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Reduced infectivity was also observed for recombinant CA04 viruses carrying the H275Y mutation with decreased infectivity in mucin-secreting primary human airway epithelial cells when compared to their oseltamivir-sensitive counterparts. In the ferret model, the pathogenicity of RG-CA04NA-H275Y and RG-CA04BrisbaneNA-H275Y viruses was attenuated albeit the transmissibility was minimally affected when compared to RG-CA04 wild-type virus. In parallel, recombinant seasonal H1N1 viruses encoding the surface glycoproteins of NewCal and Brisbane were tested in ferrets. Results indicated that NewCal and Brisbane viruses carrying the H275Y mutation displayed comparable transmission efficiencies to the wild-type NewCal virus via direct-contact and respiratory-droplet settings. These results suggest that the H275Y NA mutation only leads to a minor reduction in viral fitness, with its transmission potential being minimally affected in the naïve ferret model.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Zaiika, K., Оксана Михайлівна Замора, Оксана Михайловна Замора, Oksana Mykhailivna Zamora, Ірина Іванівна Д`яконова, Ирина Ивановна Дьяконова e Iryna Ivanivna Diakonova. "International economic trends during pandemics: from plague to coronavirus". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80959.

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Матеріал присвячено питанням розвитку суспільства та аналізу міжнародних економічних тенденцій під час пандемій.
Материал посвящен вопросам развития общества и анализу международных экономических тенденций при пандемий.
The material is devoted to the development of society and analysis of international economic trends during pandemics.

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Hedström, Philip, e Munoz Mario Gonzalez. "Remote Work’s Effect on Motivation : A study of how remote work during the covid-19 pandemic has affected employee motivation". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301642.

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The current pandemic infused by the covid-19 virus has changed the world we once knew. To prevent the spread of the disease, many countries have implemented restrictions involving social distancing, which has resulted in millions of employees that have started to work remotely from their homes. Previous studies highlight mainly the positive consequences of remote work due to the rising popularity of remote work before the virus hit. However, the pandemic has forced companies and employees to apply these new working methods, creating unfamiliar conditions. Therefore, it is of great interest to analyze how these changes have affected employees, mainly their motivation. This study aims to evaluate how working remotely, as a consequence of the pandemic, have affected the motivation among the employees of a Swedish company within the power industry. The authors did it by conducting a literature review to understand the definition of motivation and how certain needs affect motivation. By interviewing ten employees, the authors of this study were given insights regarding how the employees have experienced remote work during the pandemic, how it has affected their personal needs, and if it has had any implications on their motivation. The results show that the interviewees share several of the advantages mentioned in the literature, such as flexibility and autonomy, and disadvantages, such as fewer social interactions and relatedness. However, most interviewees had not experienced that their motivation has changed, which is partly due to increased autonomy—those who do experience a loss in motivation attribute it to lacking relatedness and fewer opportunities for self-development.
Rådande pandemi och covid-19 har förändrat den värld som vi en gång kände till. För att minska smittspridningen har länder infört restriktioner gällande social distansering, vilket orsakat att flera miljoner anställda börjat jobba på distans. Tidigare studier betonar de positiva aspekterna med distansarbete på grund av dess ökade popularitet innan pandemin slog till. Pandemin har tvingat företag och anställda att börja jobba på distans, vilket skapar främmande förutsättningar. Därför är det av stort intresse att undersöka hur dessa förutsättningar har påverkat anställda, framförallt deras motivation. Syftet med denna studie är att evaluera hur distansarbete som en konsekvens av pandemin har påverkat motivationen bland anställda inom ett svenskt företag som verkar inom elindustrin. Detta genomfördes genom en litteraturstudie för att förstå hur motivation definieras och hur mänskliga behov påverkar motivation. Genom att intervjua 10 anställda har författarna av denna studie fått insikter gällande de anställdas upplevelse av distansarbete, hur det har påverkat deras behov samt om det har haft någon inverkan på deras motivation. Reslutaten visar att intervjuobjekten delar flera av de fördelar som nämnts i tidigare studier så som flexibilet och autonmi, men också nackdelar så som avsaknade av sociala interaktioner samt tillhörighet. Majoriteten av intervjuobjeketen upplever inte att deras motivation har försämrats, vilket delvis beror på ökad autonomi. De som upplever att deras motivation minskat antyder att det beror på försämrad samhörighet samt mindre möjligheter för självutveckling.

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Brulin, Emma. "Consequences and preparedness of pandemic influenza, a national consern : A study of the effect of the Asian Flu on the Swedish military". Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8353.

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In 1918, the Spanish flu pandemic killed an estimate number of between 50 and 100 million people worldwide. 40 years later a new influenza pandemic, the Asian flu spread throughout the world. The Asian flu hit a large proportion of the world’s population but the case-fatality rate was lower and an estimated number of 2 to 4 million people died in the pandemic. In order for today’s governments to formulate good preparedness plan for future influenza pandemics, studying previous pandemics can give better understanding of how the community might be affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Asian flu pandemic on the Swedish military forces. By seeing if the regiment was affected by the Asian flu one can then assume that the whole society was affected. Data from Swedish regiments has been collected from the Defence Medical Administration Service at the National Archives and processed trough SPSS. The findings show that there where an increase of the amount of sick as well as the number of sick leaves during 1957 compared to previous and later years. Because of the increase in sick leaves one can draw the conclusion that the society has a great risk of being influenced. Hence, a preparedness plan will be even more important. Conclusion: The community is affected by influenza pandemic in both an economical and a societal level. The effects are short in time since infected recover quite quick. However, there are effects which could be better handled if the government is prepared and has conducted a plan for when the next pandemic influenza strikes.

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Palmqvist, Söderman Linnéa, e Erica Johansson. "Personlighet och självbetjänande attributionsfel, prediktorer för risk- och smittförebyggande beteenden vid covid-19". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49215.

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Covid-19 pandemin har orsakat ett stort antal sjukdom- och dödsfall i Sverige. Människors beteende är avgörande för smittspridningens utveckling och blir därför värdefullt att undersöka. Aktuell studie testade huruvida Femfaktormodellens personlighetsdimensioner respektive självbetjänande attributionsfelen, bättre-än-medel-effekten och orealistisk optimism, samvarierar med och predicerar smittförebyggande beteenden vid covid-19 pandemin. En enkät besvarades av 126 högskolestudenter från Mellansverige. Resultatet visade inget signifikant samband mellan någon personlighetsdimension och smittförebyggande beteenden. Personlighet kan inte predicera risk- respektive smittförebyggande beteenden. Samtliga mätningar av bättre-än-medel-effekter och orealistisk optimism visade positiva samband med smittförebyggande beteenden varav enbart bättre-än-medel-effekten vad gäller den egna förmågan att skydda sig mot smitta kunde förklara variation i smittförebyggande beteenden. Intressant för framtida studier är att undersöka vad som ligger till grund för dessa resultat samt vidare undersöka vad annat som kan förklara människors beteenden vid pandemiska kriser.

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Hesse, Mario, Christian Bender e Christoph Mengs. "Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf den Freistaat Sachsen: Zwischenstand nach einem Jahr Pandemie". Universität Leipzig, 2021. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75647.

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Auch nach über einem Jahr Corona-Pandemie sind die sozio-ökonomischen Auswirkungen der Krise nach wie vor noch nicht vollständig absehbar. Durch die lockdown bedingten starken ökonomischen Verwerfungen wirkt die Krise bis heute auf Bund, Länder und Kommunen stark ein. Dies hat nicht zuletzt Folgen für die Haushaltsführung der unterschiedlichen fiskalischen Ebenen. Dabei haben sich Bund und Länder auf teils gemeinsame, teils eigene fiskalische Hilfen für Kommunen und die Privatwirtschaft verständigt, die bei der Bewältigung der Krise unterstützend wirken sollen. Hierzu waren Bund und Länder jedoch genötigt, die Ausnahmeklausel der Bundes- und Landesschuldenbremsen aufgrund der außergewöhnlichen Notsituation in Kraft zu setzen. Für die Länder ergab sich somit das bizarre Bild, dass die Länderschuldenbremsen 2020 just in jenem Jahr außer Kraft gesetzt worden sind, in welchem sie zum ersten Mal fiskalisch wirken sollten. Hiermit verbunden sind Tilgungsbelastungen, die sich auf Ebene der Länder unterschiedlich stark ausdifferenzieren, was nicht zuletzt auch damit zu tun hat, dass die Tilgungszeiträume heterogen gesetzt worden sind. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die zukünftigen fiskalischen Belastungen und somit auch der fiskalische Handlungsspielraum der Länder unterschiedlich verteilt ist. Welche Auswirkungen dies hat, zeigt die kommunale Krisenpolitik im Freistaat Sachsen exemplarisch auf und knüpft an den KOMKIS Report 07 vom vergangenen Jahr an.

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Santana, Reynoso Alfredo. "Decision Aid Models for Resource Sharing Strategies During Global Influenza Pandemics". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3331.

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Pandemic influenza outbreaks have historically entailed significant societal and economic disruptions. Today, our quality of life is threatened by our inadequate preparedness for the imminent pandemic. The key challenges we are facing stem from a significant uncertainty in virus epidemiology, limited response resources, inadequate international collaboration, and the lack of appropriate science-based decision support tools. The existing literature falls short of comprehensive models for global pandemic spread and mitigation which incorporate the heterogeneity of the world regions and realistic travel networks. In addition, there exist virtually no studies which quantify the impact of resource sharing strategies among multiple countries. This dissertation presents three related models that contribute to filling the existing vacuum. The first model develops optimal capacity management strategies for multi-region pandemic surveillance. The second model estimates the pandemic propagation time from the onset to a likely pandemic export region, such as a major transportation hub. The model builds on a large-scale agent-based simulation and geographic information systems (GIS). The model is tested on a hypothetical outbreak in Mexico involving 155 regions and over 100 million people. The third model develops an empirical relationship to quantify the impact of various U.S. - Mexico antiviral sharing strategies under several pandemic detection and response scenarios.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Effect of pandemics on"

Bray, R. S. Armies of pestilence: The effects of pandemics on history. Cambridge: Lutterworth, 1996.

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Ataei, Hossein. COVID-19 Pandemic impacts on construction projects. Reston, Virginia: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021.

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Langwith, Jacqueline. Pandemics. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2011.

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Inc, World Book, ed. Pandemics. Chicago: World Book, 2008.

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Inc, World Book, ed. Pandemics. 2^a ed. Chicago: World Book, 2009.

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Pratt, Mary K. Pandemics. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub., 2011.

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1969-, Haugen David M., e Musser Susan, eds. Pandemics. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007.

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Inc, World Book, ed. Pandemics. 2^a ed. Chicago: World Book, 2009.

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Cunningham, Kevin. Pandemics. New York: Children's Press, 2012.

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Examining pandemics. Minneapolis, MN: Clara House Books, an imprint of The Oliver Press, Inc., 2015.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Effect of pandemics on"

Loh, Kah Seng, e Li Yang Hsu. "The SARS Effect". In Pandemics in Singapore, 1819–2022, 224–41. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003384014-11.

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Qin, Xiuhong, Guoliang Huang, Huayu Shen e Mengyao Fu. "COVID-19 Pandemic and Firm-level Cash Holding—Moderating Effect of Goodwill and Goodwill Impairment". In Research on Pandemics, 111–26. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003214687-9.

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Rajan, S. Irudaya, e R. B. Bhagat. "Internal Migration and the Covid-19 Pandemic in India". In Migration and Pandemics, 227–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_12.

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AbstractThis chapter looks at the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on internal migrants in India. According to the 2011 Census, there are over 450 million internal migrants, of which a massive 54 million are inter-state migrants. A large number of these migrants consist of labourers who comprise a huge percentage of the informal sector workforce, both in the rural and urban areas of India, and are vital to the country’s economy. These workers are also some of the most vulnerable, with inadequacies in terms of working conditions and coverage of social safety nets, and are also largely absent from India’s policy discourses. This chapter highlights the size and extent of internal migration as well as its distribution across different states in India. It shows how the current crisis and lockdowns have affected their lives and livelihoods. It particularly looks at the responses of central and various state governments – at destinations and origins – to ensure migrants’ wellbeing. It also analyses the socioeconomic impact of the migrant exodus from major destinations and looks at solutions to enable and ensure that migration patterns in the future are sustainable, and more importantly, ensure migrants’ rights and dignity.

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Huremović, Damir. "Quarantine and Isolation: Effects on Healthcare Workers". In Psychiatry of Pandemics, 119–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_10.

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Rajan, S. Irudaya, e H. Arokkiaraj. "Return Migration from the Gulf Region to India Amidst COVID-19". In Migration and Pandemics, 207–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_11.

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AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has directly affected the millions of migrant workers in Gulf countries, mostly employed as temporary labour in construction and allied sectors. The Gulf region historically has been the most favoured destination for such jobs. However, the pandemic crisis has halted construction projects in these countries as the drastic fall in oil prices has affected Gulf oil and non-oil economies severely. This has had an adverse effect on Indian migrant workers as they face the threat of unemployment, leading to their voluntary or forced return to India. For example, at the end of 2020, half a million Kerala emigrants, most of them in the Gulf, had lost their jobs abroad due to the pandemic, making their return inevitable given their temporary status in these countries. This chapter examines how India is prepared to handle the changing trends in Indo-Gulf migration corridor and the subsequent return emigration from the Gulf. The chapter highlights major sending-state perspectives, such as that of Kerala and others, and their responses towards Gulf returnees. Moreover, it provides insights by revisiting the existing economic and social security measures for returning migrants and their families within the framework of state welfare schemes, thereby examining rehabilitation and re-integration mechanisms for return migrants at the central and state levels in India.

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Jirovsky-Platter, Elena, e Anita Rieder. "Pandemics and Gender—The Unequal Effects of a Pandemic on Gender Equality". In Pandemics and Ethics, 269–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66872-6_16.

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Huerta de Soto, Jesús. "Economic effects of pandemics 1". In Statism and the Economy, 4–31. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003438915-2.

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De Soto, Jesús Huerta. "The Economic Effects of Pandemics". In Contributions to Economics, 191–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08502-4_9.

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Samadarshi, Samir, Rohit Vashisht e Uday Yanamandra. "Lifestyle Changes Required to Mitigate Effects of Infectious Diseases". In Preparedness for Future Pandemics, 77–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3201-6_7.

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Dhankher, Suman, Paban Kumar Dash e Manmohan Parida. "Surviving COVID-19 is Half the Battle Won: Long-Term Effects". In Preparedness for Future Pandemics, 65–75. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3201-6_6.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Effect of pandemics on"

Negi, Kusum Sajwan, Sunita Godiyal, Shubham Sharma, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan, Raman Kumar e Sandeep Singh. "Effect of mobile phone usage during pandemics Covid-19". In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SCIENCES AND INFORMATICS CONFERENCE (ICSIC 2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122619.

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Danilowska, Alina, e Andrzej Jedruchniewicz. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume and structure of agriculture production in Poland". In 24th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2023”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2023.57.013.

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The article aims to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume and structure of agricultural production in Poland. The literature on pandemics in the past shows that plague influenced the volume and the structure of agriculture output. The consequences varied between the pandemics and in the frame of the same pandemic between countries. What's more, the length of the analysis period matters. The short-term effects were generally damaging however, the evaluation perspective matters. The assessment of long outcomes is complex. The positive, profound long-run effects were identified. The past pandemics impacted the economy and agriculture through the decrease in the availability of labour because of massive deaths. In the pandemic COVID-19, this channel of transmission occurred as well, but in the form of shortages of labour forces due to governments’ restrictions on people's movement. The analyses found that in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, agriculture production did not decrease. It stemmed from the time gap between the production decisions and getting output. A modest reduction occurred in the second year of plaque. The analyses of the structure and dynamics of the sown area show that farmers restrain themselves from the changes in plant production. Larger adjustments took place in the sector of animal products than in plant products. The most remarkable changes took place in branches of animal production depending on export. Because of the plummet in egg prices, egg production decreased in 2020 and 2021. The fall in meat prices in 2020 resulted in a drop in the meat production in 2021. Despite the unfavourable changes in milk prices, milk production was stable.

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Mizelle, Nathalie, James Maiden, Quintin Boston e Anthony Andrews. "Systematic Racism: Racial Disparities in Mental Health during COVID-19". In 2nd Annual Faculty Senate Research Conference: Higher Education During Pandemics. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.135.10.

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Systemic racism exacerbates the adverse impacts of social determinants of health, causing health disparities for African Americans. The COVID-19 pandemic's effect on communities of color has provided more attention and respect to African Americans' need for mental health care. This conceptual article explores COVID-19 and systemic racism disproportionately affecting African Americans' mental health and psychological well-being. The article also provides recommendations for counselor educators and mental health professionals to combat the problem.

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Amoako, Fredrick Opare Baah, Hannah Donkor, Ella Kwarteng e Emmanuel Fordjour. "Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Oil and Gas Sector in Ghana". In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211911-ms.

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Abstract Historically, the petroleum industry has been a significant contributor to global economic growth. The drop in oil and gas demand, coupled with travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused a drop in global oil market prices. This has resulted in a drop in the output in the global economy. These drop-in output means that there were losses associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate and investigate the economic effect of the coronavirus pandemic on the oil and gas industry in Ghana. The evaluation was done using economic performance indicators such as GDP and Crude oil prices. In addition to this, a loss function-based algorithm was used to model the projected economic loss during this period. To demonstrate the model, data was collected from a study site and used in the model. The study is useful for decision making on the preparedness for future pandemics, especially in oil dependent countries.

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Lazić, Dragana, e Nedjo Danilović. "HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN TOURISM DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC". In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21214dl.

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The subject of the paper is human resource management during the pandemic. The authors highlighted two issues: the influence of human resource management on business results in tourism and the impact of COVID-19 on labor law, psychological and interpersonal relationships in organizations dealing with tourism. The scientific goal is to confirm the hypothetical assumption that the COVID-19 pandemic limited and modified activities related to human resources management in tourism in emergency conditions. The paper uses the general scientific statistical and comparative method and method of document content analysis. The end effect of the work is two results: one, that COVID-19 affects the quality and quantity of human resource management in tourism, and the other, that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduces the satisfaction of basic tourism needs and requires the involvement of more institutions to preserve the satisfaction and safety of tourism employees and users of tourist services. The ultimate purpose of the paper is to harmonize the Labor Law regulations in the conditions of mass pandemics.

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Saka, T. S. "Covid 19: Implication for Insurance, Risk Management and Insurability of Pandemic Risk." In 27th iSTEAMS-ACity-IEEE International Conference. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v27p21.

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Covid 19: Implication for Insurance, Risk Management and Insurability of Pandemic Risk SAKA, Toyin Shafau Lecturer, Insurance Department Lagos State Polytechnic, School of Management and Business Studies. E-mail: sakysuccess@yahoo.com Phone: +2348076023583 ABSTRACT The incessant fall in the world economy has a result of the COVID–19 epidemic attracted the interest of many researchers. The pandemic brought about a sharp decline in insurance business and economic growth of the nation, this warranted the closure of many businesses and the insurance businesses is not spared. The objective of this paper is to ascertain the effect of Covid 19 on the insurance business and to determine the most efficient risk management strategies that can coup the effect of the Covid 19 pandemic. Both secondary and primary data was used for this study. Regression model was employed to test the hypotheses raised in this paper. This paper revealed that Covid 19 has significant negative effect on the business operation of insurance businesses in Nigeria. Arisen from the analysis of the study, the paper recommended that: insurance industry should employ effective risk management strategy; there is urgent need for insurance industries to re-strategies their business operation by introducing new products and services; and insurance companies should introduce attractive prices through price reduction and engage fully the e-marketing system. Keyword: COVID – 19 pandemics, Insurance, Risk Management, Insurability

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Anglim, Christopher Thomas. "COVID-19 in Context: A Pandemic in Its Historical Context". In 3rd Annual Faculty Senate Research Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.148.2.

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Mindful of history’s value in providing context for contemporary issues, this essay compares selected issues surrounding the effectiveness of government messaging during COVID-19 with previous pandemics and epidemics on selected public policy choices, specifically addressing the role of disinformation, misinformation, and information suppression in contending with disease outbreaks. During the Spanish Flu of 1918, governments worldwide ignored the crisis and suppressed information on the pandemic, because they were concerned that it would interfere with the ongoing war effort. Similar to the impacts of COVID-19, leaders dismissed science in favor of ideology which occurred in the cold war era for several reasons, and with profound impacts. In the case of the Cold War, anti-Communist hysteria led Dr. Albert Sabin to test his anti-polio vaccine in the Soviet Union as opposed to the United States. In exploring various historical parallels to COVID-19, this essay also explores racism, ethnocentrism, and various forms of othering that have historically characterized the response to pandemics, often assigning blame to various “outside” groups. The essay concludes by arguing for science-based solutions to pandemic emergencies (as opposed to ideological-oriented objectives) and argues for a fair, prudent, and judicious balancing of cherished individual rights and individual autonomy, a collective science-based response to public health emergencies, and with the intent to protect the public health of all Americans in a fair, inclusive and equitable manner.

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Adams, Andrea, e Anthony Mazza. "The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Internship Processes". In 2nd Annual Faculty Senate Research Conference: Higher Education During Pandemics. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.135.1.

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Researchers in different disciplines worldwide have documented the direct impacts of the COVID-19 virus (COVID). Along with the direct effects, the impact of COVID restrictions has changed how students use traditional career readiness programs. Moreover, COVID restrictions act as a "career shock" for student job-seekers. Career shocks are extremely disruptive events that cause individuals to rethink career choices and reflect on their career plans. The global implementation of COVID restrictions has arguably created a "universal" career shock beyond the career shock theory's original foci. Expanding the career shock analysis to include universal disruptions requires a reevaluation of job-seeking methods and opportunities. As a part of rethinking job search methodology through a career shock theoretical lens, this paper focuses on how academic program professors and career center personnel collaborate to support job-seeking students. This research initiated an educational innovation due to the decline in internship availability impacting external interview placement. A non-placement pilot will assist students in completing traditional internship requirements while providing an in-class experiential learning opportunity. This Pilot Course was created as a direct response to the Federal Workforce Development Strategy announced in November 2020. It will use the success factors of adding a non-placement Work-Integrated-Learning (WIL) opportunity within the Practicum course and employ an androgogical, "Differentiated Instruction" design. The study concludes by discussing the future implications of practicum-based internships.

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Oliveira, Emerson V., David H. do Santos e Luiz M. G. Goncalves. "Auto-regressive Multi-variable Auto-encoder". In Anais Estendidos da Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2022.23279.

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Due to the global pandemic disclaimer caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus propagation, also called COVID-19, governments, institutions, and researchers have mobilized intending to try to mitigate the effects caused by the virus on society. Some approaches were proposed and applied to try to make predictions of the behavior of possible pandemics indicators. Among those methodologies, some models are data orientated, also known as data-driven, which had considerable prominence over the others. Artificial Neural Networks are a widely used model among datadriven models. In this work, we propose a novel Auto-Encoder RNA architecture. This architecture aims to forecast time series related to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the number of deaths. The model uses as inputs possible associated time series with the desired forecasting. In the experiments, we used the representation in time series from the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, temperature, humidity, and the Air Quality Index (AQI) of São Paulo city in Brazil. The results show that the model has a prominent forecasting accuracy for the COVID-19 deaths time series.

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Panazan, Oana, e Catalin Gheorghe. "GOVERNMENT RESPONSE STRINGENCY INDEX: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE VOLATILITY DETERMINING DURING PANDEMICS". In 13th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2023“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2023.972.

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The spread of the Covid-19 virus on all continents has caused a rapid evolution of the volatility of stock indices. To prevent and counteract the effects of this global event, researchers have tried to identify the causes, amplitude, and persistence of volatility. To measure volatility using statistical models, most authors chose the number of illnesses or deaths caused by the Covid-19 virus. However, the method of recording and reporting the number of illnesses and deaths by each state, assumed certain shortcomings reported in the literature. As an alternative, Hale et al. (2021, p. 8) proposed the Government Response Stringency Index (SI). The research proposes the determination of volatility with GARCH and VAR methods using the SI index as a variable. For this purpose, 28 countries from all continents were considered. The analysis period was March 19, 2020 to December 31, 2021. The main findings are: 1) the determination of volatility for 28 analysed countries; 2) some countries show better adaptability to the pandemic; 3) the differences between the volatility calculated with the SI index and the number of illnesses or deaths are small; 4) the links between the markets are stronger in the postcrisis period. Based on these results, comparative analyzes can be carried out between states, geographical areas and continents. Furthermore, the results allow us to appreciate other major events that affected the world capital market.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Effect of pandemics on"

Martinez-Bravo, Monica, e Carlos Sanz. Trust and accountability in times of pandemics. Madrid: Banco de España, janeiro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29471.

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The COVID-19 pandemic took place against the backdrop of growing political polarization and distrust in political institutions in many countries. Did deficiencies in government performance further erode trust in public institutions? Did citizens’ ideology interfere with the way they processed information on government performance? To investigate these two questions, we conducted a pre-registered online experiment in Spain in November 2020. Respondents in the treatment group were provided information on the number of contact tracers in their region, a key policy variable under the control of regional governments. We find that individuals greatly over-estimate the number of contact tracers in their region. When we provide the actual number of contact tracers, we find a decline in trust in governments, a reduction in willingness to fund public institutions and a decrease in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We also find that individuals endogenously change their attribution of responsibilities when receiving the treatment. In regions where the regional and central governments are controlled by different parties, sympathizers of the regional incumbent react to the negative news on performance by attributing greater responsibility for it to the central government. We call this the blame shifting effect. In those regions, the negative information does not translate into lower voting intentions for the regional incumbent government. These results suggest that the exercise of political accountability may be particularly difficult in settings with high political polarization and areas of responsibility that are not clearly delineated.

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Woolaston, Katie. Working Together to Protect Australia in the Age of Pandemics: Managing the Environmental Drivers of Zoonotic Disease Risks. Queensland University of Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.232775.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has infiltrated every level of social, cultural and political life and has demonstrated the truly devastating effects of ineffective pandemic management systems. Yet, the likelihood of another pandemic occurring in the short to medium term is greater than ever. The drivers of pandemics are not improving. Anthropogenic drivers, including agricultural intensification, land-use changes such as deforestation and urbanisation, wildlife trade and climate change are all contributing to what has been called the ‘era of pandemics’. This report contains key findings and research around pandemic prevention and zoonotic disease risk management.

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Tacsir, Ezequiel, e Mariano Pereira. Gender Contribution to the Innovation-Productivity Relationship in the Wake of COVID-19: Evidence for the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, março de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004770.

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This study presents new findings on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity and innovation for Caribbean firms, with particular focus on the effects on firm gender diversity and workforce composition. Research on the impact of women's participation on firm performance and innovation has so far produced mixed results, though there is some evidence to suggest that for Latin America, larger shares of women in the knowledge creation and innovation process may increase innovative behavior and, as a consequence, lead to greater labor productivity. In the current context, female participation in firms becomes an even more pressing issue, given the early indications of the pandemics disproportionately negative burden on women s income and jobs in different regions. We found that the gender composition of the personnel has an interesting direct effect on productivity. At the same time, our results show that the expected reductions in female personnel due to the pandemic, have a negative effect in the shares of female participation which, in turn, have the potential to nullify the mentioned productivity channel. This suggests the existence of a minimum threshold of female participation to profit from diversity. Hence, it seems that policy should focus particularly on protecting female jobs, particularly in the wake of dramatic shocks affecting revenues and/or employment.

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Galindo, Arturo, e Jorge Tovar. Policy Support and Firm Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, dezembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004622.

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The pandemic hit the Colombian economy as hard as other countries. Using a novel Business Pulse Survey, this paper tests the effect of government support and COVID-19 cases on firms performance. A one-standard-deviation increase in government support (in periods in which the pandemics intensity was average) increased the percentage of firms reporting normal operations by 4.8 percent. Political demonstrations in spring 2021, however, reduced the percentage by 13 percent each month they lasted. Firms' financial distress also counters the impact of government support, suggesting the need to ease firms' access to financial markets. Last, we show that investing in digital solutions improved firms' performance but remote work degraded it.

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Santos, Cezar, Luiz Brotherhood, Tiago Cavalcanti e Daniel Da Mata. Research Insights: Slums and Pandemics: How Did Intra-City Heterogeneity Affect the Dynamics of COVID-19? Inter-American Development Bank, novembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005257.

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Disease outbreaks can affect vulnerable people disproportionately, contributing to the increase in health and economic disparities. Social distancing increased less in areas with slums than in other areas after the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. NPIs can have heterogenous effects across different groups (slum versus non-slum residents, for example).

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Tran, My-Thu, e Bo Yang. Using Thermal Remote Sensing to Quantify Impact of Traffic on Urban Heat Islands during COVID. Mineta Transportation Institute, abril de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2207.

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A three-month lockdown in the U.S. at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 greatly reduced the traffic volume in many cities, especially large metropolitan areas such as the San Francisco Bay Area. This research explores the impact of transportation on climate change by using remote sensing technology and statistical analysis during the COVID-19 lockdown. Using thermal satellite data, this research measures the intensity of the urban heat island, the main driver for climate change during the urbanization process. The research team acquired morning and afternoon MODIS data in the same periods in 2019 before the pandemic and 2020 during the pandemic. MODIS imagery provides a wall-to-wall land surface temperature map to precisely measure the dynamics of the urban heat effect. In situ meteorological data were also acquired to build an urban surface energy budget and construct statistical models between solar radiation and the intensity of heat dynamics. The team implemented this urban heat budget in six counties in Northern California. This research quantifies the impact of lockdown policies on heat intensity in urban areas and human mobility in the context of COVID-19 and future pandemics. The quantitative results obtained in this study provide critical information for analyses of climate change impact on an urban scale.

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Porras, Phillip, Hassen Saidi e Vinod Yegneswaran. Malware Pandemics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, setembro de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531166.

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Musaddiq, Tareena, Kevin Stange, Andrew Bacher-Hicks e Joshua Goodman. The Pandemic’s Effect on Demand for Public Schools, Homeschooling, and Private Schools. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, setembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29262.

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Morales, Leonardo Fabio, Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía, Jose Pulido, Karen L. Pulido-Mahecha, Didier Hermida, Luz A. Flórez e Francisco Lasso-Valderrama. Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Colombian Labor Market: Disentangling the Effect of Sector-Specific Mobility Restrictions. Banco de la República de Colombia, setembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1129.

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Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, Luz Adriana Flórez, Didier Hermida, Francisco Javier Lasso-Valderrama, Leonardo Fabio Morales, Juan José Ospina--Tejeiro e José Pulido. Is the Covid-19 Pandemic Fast-Tracking Automation in Developing Countries? Evidence from Colombia. Banco de la República, outubro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1209.

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This paper assesses whether the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated automation in developing countries. We studied the case of Colombia, a country with low R&D and productivity and with high labor informality and unemployment. We estimated event-study models to assess the differential effect of the pandemic on job openings and salaried employment by the potential degree of automation of each occupation. Our results suggest that both vacancies and salaried employment fell more in highly automatable occupations during the pandemic and have since experienced a slower recovery. The effect of the pandemic on automation is mostly driven by sectors that were affected by mobility restrictions. We also found heterogeneous effects by age and gender. The acceleration of automation is mainly affecting the labor market for females and individuals over the age of 40. Finally, we explored the differential effect on occupations with wages around the minimum wage. We found that occupations with wages close to the minimum wage exhibit the highest effect, especially at the onset of the pandemic.

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