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Roberts, Warren, Jim Shrefler, Jim Duthie, Jonathan Edelson e Wes Watkins. "Watermelon Weed Control: Current and Future Possibilities". HortScience 32, n.º 3 (junho de 1997): 428E—428. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.428e.
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Watermelon is the major fresh-market vegetable grown in Oklahoma, but growers have few labeled herbicides from which to choose. Grower surveys in Oklahoma have identified weed control as the major production problem facing watermelon producers. In 1995 and 1996, various mechanical and chemical weed control strategies have been explored. `Allsweet' watermelons were grown with various combinations of labeled and unlabeled herbicides, as well as mechanical control treatments. Treatments included bensulide, clomazone, DCPA, ethalfluralin, glyphosate, halosulfuron, napropamide, naptalam, paraquat, pendimethalin sethoxydim, and trifluralin. Certain chemicals were used in combination. Paraquat and glyphosate were used as wipe-on materials. Glyphosate and paraquat could not be applied until weeds were taller than the watermelon foliage, causing serious weed competition. In general, superior results were obtained from hand-weeded plots, trifluralin, and DCPA. Halosulfuron gave superior control of broadleaf weeds, but had a negligible effect on grasses. Napropamide gave good control of grasses and broadleaf weeds other than solanaceous weeds. No chemical, when used alone, gave satisfactory control throughout the growing season. Early cultivation, followed by chemical application at layby, appears to be one of the better treatments.
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Vaczkó, Gábor, László Hódi, Melinda Tar, Péter Jakab e István Kristó. "The effect of different weed control technologies on weed species composition of maize". Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 7, n.º 1-2 (1 de novembro de 2019): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2018.1-2.67-71.
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In our investigation we used different weed control technologies in the different phenology states of the maize. The farm experiment has been carried out in Hungary, Kunágota, on flat surface, homogeneous quality chernozem soil, on 1000 m2 plots, in 4 replications.
The experiment can be regarded as 9 weed-control strategies where, in addition to the untreated control, two chemicals are applied (Laudis, Capreno) in different doses, two mechanical weed-control technologies, and two combination of chemicals and mechanicals weed-control technologies were used. Mechanical weed-control place connected to the herbicide treatments in different times: until 4-6-leave age weedless, in 4-6-leave age hoed once, in 4-6-leave age cultivation once.
Our results were assessed by chemical efficiency examination in five periods. Our resoult show that the two tested herbicides were efficient against weeds. Laudis was more effective, than Capreno against Setaria pumila. The dose enlargement of Capreno only slightly increased the herbicidal efficiency. The decreased dosage of Capreno was not efficient enough against Abutilon theophrasti.
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Nwosisi, Nandwani e Hui. "Mulch Treatment Effect on Weed Biomass and Yields of Organic Sweetpotato Cultivars". Agronomy 9, n.º 4 (13 de abril de 2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040190.
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Weeds are a challenge, particularly in organic agriculture, due to restrictions on the application of synthetic herbicides and chemicals. A preliminary cultivar evaluation trial of organic sweetpotato was conducted in 2015 at Tennessee State University certified organic farm. Three mulches: wheat straw, pine needle, and black plastic mulch, along with a control (no mulch), were evaluated for their weed management abilities in a sweetpotato field. Four cultivars of sweetpotato were planted in 0.91 m wide mulch beds with 0.3 m row spacing anddrip irrigated with four replications. Data was collected during the growing season on the dry weight of weeds that emerged in a quadrat and yield components at harvest. Results of two-way ANOVA revealed that mulch treatments affected the weed biomass, weed density, and cull yields. Though the use of mulches had no significant effect on other yield components of sweetpotato in this study; it was beneficial for weed management.
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Batish, D. R., H. P. Singh, D. B. Saxena e R. K. Kohli. "Weed suppressing ability of parthenin a sesquiterpene lactone from Parthenium hysterophorus". New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (1 de agosto de 2002): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3893.
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To find alternate chemicals with novel mode of action allelochemicals which are natural plant products are being investigated This study was undertaken to explore the effect of parthenin (chemically a sesquiterpene lactone from Parthenium hysterophorus L) on two weed species viz Amaranthus viridis and Chenopodium murale In a laboratory bioassay germination seedling growth and dry weight accumulation of the weeds were significantly reduced by treating with parthenin The chlorophyll content and the respiratory activity were also significantly affected in the treated plants The study concluded that phytotoxicity of parthenin could be useful as a natural herbicide for future weed management programmes
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ADETUNJI, Charles Oluwaseun, Julius Kola OLOKE, Gandham S. PRASAD e Isaac Oluseun ADEJUMO. "Effect of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Isolates, a Potential Bioherbicide for Amaranthus hybridus L. in Maize Culture". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2017): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9110018.
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The use of phytopathogenic fungi in biological control of weeds may represent a promising alternative to the use of chemicals and may lead to the sustainability of agro-ecosystems. In the current study, strain C1136 was developed into various formulations and their activities were compared with a chemical herbicides using glyphosate in a screen house, applying standard procedure. All the bioherbicide treatments gave significantly higher yield component on the following parameters: tasselling, number of cobs, day of silking, number of ears, number of grain/cob, weight of 100 grains, number of cob, weight of cob, and length of cob from maize when compared to the chemical-treated herbicides and weedy cheek. Moreover, the bioherbicidal formulation coded BH4 (32 g of semolina + 6 g kaolin + 20 mL of glycerol + mutant strain of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae + glucose+ sucrose + fructose + dextrose + lactose sugar + peptone) showed the highest activities when compared to other formulations. Conclusively, this study revealed that Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae C1136 strain has bioherbicidal activity and could therefore be exploited for large scale production of bioherbicides for weed control in conventional farming, to improve yield and enhance food security.
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Gavryushina, I. V., S. A. Semina e S. M. Nadezhkin. "GROWING CONDITIONS INFLUENCE ON MAIZE CROPS PHYTOSANITARY STATE". Scientific Life 15, n.º 9 (30 de setembro de 2020): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-9-1215-1223.
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An important place in the set of measures aimed at increasing the yield of maize is occupied by the methods of using fertilizers, herbicides and growth regulators. The yield of maize is largely determined by the phytosanitary state of crops. Maize has an average competitiveness and is sensitive to the presence of an excessive amount of weed-field component in agrocenoses. The article presents the results of three-year studies on the use of the pre-emergence herbicide DualGold and the postemergence herbicide Elumisna in various agrophonics, and shows their role in reducing the weediness of crops in the early maturing hybrid of maize Ladoga 181 MB. The possibility of using the growth regulator Zircon using herbicides has been studied. The observations showed that three weeks after the application of the post-emergence herbicide, the combined use of herbicides had a more effective effect on the state of maize crops - the total weediness decreased by 77.3 ... 79.1%. In the same variants, weeds accumulated the smallest dry biomass - 14.4 ... 17.8 g against an unfertilized background and 23.8 ... 25.1 g when applying mineral fertilizers. For harvesting, the greatest biological efficiency was also noted with complex herbicide treatment - 53.7 ... 62.3%. A significant decrease in the dry weight of weeds was established due to chemical weeding: against an unfertilized background by 7.9 ... 9.1 times, with fertilization - by 4.2 ... 6.9 times. The complex application of the growth regulator Zircon with herbicides contributed to a decrease in the number and weight of weeds by the time of harvesting maize, did not increase the adaptation of weeds to the effects of chemicals.
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Mennan, Husrev, e Mathieu Ngouajio. "Effect of Brassica Cover Crops and Hazelnut Husk Mulch on Weed Control in Hazelnut Orchards". HortTechnology 22, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2012): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.99.
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Weed management is critical in hazelnut (Corylus avellana) production. Weeds reduce nutrient availability, interfere with tree growth, and reduce hand-harvesting efficiency. Field experiments were conducted from Fall 2006 to 2010 to test effects of brassica (Brassica sp.) cover crops and hazelnut husk mulch as alternative weed management strategies in hazelnut. The cover crop treatments consisted of rape (Brassica napus), field mustard (Brassica rapa), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea), and fallow with no cover crop. Hazelnut husk was surface-applied at two thicknesses, 5- and 10-cm-thick layer. Dry biomass production by the cover crops was relatively consistent among years with oriental mustard producing the most biomass. Throughout the growing seasons, the cover crops reduced weed density, weed dry weight, and the number of weed species when compared with the fallow treatment. The most effective cover crop at suppressing weeds was oriental mustard. Hazelnut husk applied as a 10-cm-thick layer on the ground was highly effective at controlling weeds up to 180 days after application and reduced total weed dry weight by 83% at the end of the season. Our findings indicate that brassica cover crops or hazelnut husk may help control annual weed species in hazelnut orchards during early summer. However, these strategies should be combined with other methods like chemicals or cultivation for adequate weed management.
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Garcia De Arevalo, Rafael C., Carmen A. Lusarreta, Carmen B. Neyra, Mercedes A. Sanchez e Pedro J. H. Algarra. "Chemical Control of Annual Weeds in Field Beans (Vicia faba) in Central Spain". Weed Science 40, n.º 1 (março de 1992): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057027.
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Field studies were conducted over 3 yr to investigate the effect of chemicals on field beans density and weed control. Predominant weed species were common lambsquarters, fumitory, henbit, corn poppy, prostrate knotweed, and wild mustard. All herbicide treatments except linuron injured field beans. Mean field beans survival at harvest was 78% in alachlor and 84% in alachlor containing treatments. Only 5% survived atrazine at 1.9 kg ai ha−1. Ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, simazine, terbutylazine plus terbutryn, and trifluralin treatments produced plant survival values of 56, 82, 86, 74, and 71%, respectively. Chemical control of the main weed species overshadowed the detrimental effect on field beans density, and thus most herbicide treatments except alachlor resulted in increased dry beans yield. The best overall results occurred with linuron, simazine, terbuthylazine plus terbutryn, and pendimethalin which increased dry beans yields 76, 63, 56, and 40%, respectively, over the control plots. Common lambsquarters was the dominant weed, and prostrate knotweed and corn poppy were the most difficult and the easiest species to control, respectively.
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Zdražílková, Magda. "Comparison of the seed bank with the aboveground vegetation of field weeds in the neighbourhood of Mikulov in South Moravia". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, n.º 1 (2011): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159010277.
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The processed set of phytosociological relevés indicated that at the present time the field weed associations are composed particularly of species of wide ecological amplitude. The rare and endangered species appeared only on localities usually not much affected by chemicals. Most of the endangered species of field weeds were found to survive primarily on small private farms, in the headland of fields or on field edges near the natural reserves.The results indicated that the type of crop had a significant effect on the composition of the current aboveground vegetation. There is a close relationship between the type of crop and the applied cultural practice. Its effect is much more important than the effect of the overall method of management. However, long-term application of herbicides may eliminate some weed species from the seed bank and as a consequence also from the current vegetation. That is the reason why crop rotation is so important for preserving the species diversity of weeds in tandem with limited applications of herbicides.
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Carrubba, Alessandra, Andrea Labruzzo, Andrea Comparato, Serena Muccilli e Alfio Spina. "Use of Plant Water Extracts for Weed Control in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Subsp. durum Desf.)". Agronomy 10, n.º 3 (6 de março de 2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030364.
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The use of plant water extracts to control weeds is gaining attention in environmentally-friendly agriculture, but the study of the effect that such extracts may exert on the yield of durum wheat is still unexplored. In 2014 and 2016, the herbicidal potential of several plant water extracts was field tested on durum wheat (cv Valbelice). In 2014, extracts obtained from Artemisia arborescens, Rhus coriaria, Lantana camara, Thymus vulgaris, and Euphorbia characias were used, whereas in 2016 only A. arborescens and R. coriaria were tested as “donor” plants. In both years, weed incidence was evaluated, together with the major yield parameters of wheat. None of the treatments (including chemicals) could eradicate weeds from the field. In 2014, dicots were in general prevailing in plots treated with extracts of E. characias, while monocots prevailed after treatments with L. camara and R. coriaria. In 2016, lower weed biomass and diversity level were found, and only Avena and Phalaris were detected at harvest time. Treatment with plant water extracts affected grain yields, but it seems likely that those effects are not due to the diverse incidence of weeds in treated and untreated plots, rather to some direct action exerted by allelopathic substances.
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Rajput, Kavita D., J. P. Bholane, A. S. Latkar e V. M. Bhale. "Efficacy of integrated weed management practices on yield and yield contributing parameters of black gram (Phaseolus mungo)". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, AAEBSSD (15 de julho de 2021): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17-aaebssd/172-176.
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A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm,Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr, pendimethalin,fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizal ofop -p-ethyl ) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence,post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices onyield and yield contributing parameters of black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Data revealed that different chemicals and cultural weed control practices were exhibited their superiority over weedy check and reduced the crop weed competition by controlling the annual and broad leaved weeds. Among all the weed control treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha showed higher grain weight plant-1 (4.87), number of pods plant (16.27),number of seeds per pod (7.00) and yield per ha (10.05).
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Agaba, G. O. "Mathematical Evaluation of the Effect of Agrochemicals on Human Health". NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 1 (14 de março de 2019): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.30.
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The fast growing economical and political needs and demands for increase agricultural activities and produces in most parts of the world necessitate the need for a careful evaluation of the general crop cultivation processes and the increasing usage of diverse toxic chemicals in the form of pesticides, fertilizers, etc. in the agricultural sector to control pests and weeds to improve soil nutrients during cultivation and in some cases, for preservation of cultivated crops. Agrochemicals are used in a manner that suggests farmers do not take into cognisance the fact that residue of the chemicals which is harmful to man is always left on such foods. This paper applies a mathematical model to examine the impact of agrochemicals on human health by using the conventional principle of an SEIRS epidemic model. From the overall outcome, it was observed that the consumption of these hazardous plants before the elapse of the incubation (waiting) period affect the human health negatively. Consequently, the need for a wake up call to all farmers, agricultural workers, Government and Non-Governmental monitoring agencies to arise to the task of saving human lives from these toxic chemical residues in agricultural produces.
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Khan, Bilal Ahmad, Rizwan AHMAD Maqbool, Muhammad Ather Nadeem, Iqra Anwar e Muhammad Mohsin Amin. "EXPLORING THE PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF Glycyrrhiza glabra L. ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF Pisum sativum L." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 28, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2022): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1044.
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Chemical weed control method may cause environmental hazards and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of crops is getting scientific attention as eco-friendly alternative to synthetic herbicides especially under scenario of fast increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. Therefore, the present study was conducted at Weed Science Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during winter 2018 to determine the phytotoxic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra on winter vegetable crop Pisum sativum. The experiments were laid out under a completely randomized design (CRD), having three replicates. The experiments comprised of seven treatments with different concentrations of extract. The wood of G. glabra extracts comprised 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% concentration applied on Pisum sativum. Data on seed germination, root length, shoot length, and fresh weight of weed and pea was recorded following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using Fishers Analysis of Variance. The differences among treatments were separated using a least significant difference test (LSD). Results revealed that aqueous extracts were possessed phytotoxic chemicals that cause phytotoxic effect to P. sativum and result in maximum germination percentage (%), Mean Germination time (Days), Time to 50% germination and minimum, root length (mm), shoot length (mm), root fresh weight (mg), shoot fresh weight was recorded at 80 % concentration of G. glabra. It is concluded that there are phenolic compounds in the wood extract of G. glabra which cause allelopathic effects on P. sativum.
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Singh, Ajay Kumar, e Akhilesh Kumar Pandey. "The Foliar Fungal Pathogenic Metabolites as Promising Alternatives to Chemical Herbicides: Recent Developments, Future Perspective and Commercialization". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 8, n.º 01 (6 de setembro de 2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i01.05.
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Weeds harbour wide variety of microorganisms having beneficial, neutral and phytopathogenic effects. Weed microbiome discoveries could fuel progress in sustainable agriculture, such as the development of microbial herbicide products. Weed infecting phytopathogenic living fungal cells (mycelia or spores) and their natural products have been studied as producers of mycoherbicides. The application of biological and biochemical (natural or biorational) herbicides based on specific weed pathogens and natural products, respectively, is believed to assist the decreasing harmful impact of the chemicals. Cell free broth of several plant pathogenic fungi have been enthusiastically investigated for substitutes of synthetic agrochemicals against weeds. However, all such studies conducted on pure compound with high purity which have limitations due to high costs. It was found that herbicide in cell-free culture broth of fungi were largely composed of various nature of different metabolites with the ratio varying with culture time. Crude broth in a form of cell-free culture broth showed high herbicidal activity against weeds. So, cell-free culture broth as a crude product could be serve as a potential cost-effective and environmental-friendly herbicide in agriculture. The application of mycometabolites in agricultural weed management are safer to the user and the environment. They were formulated and applied in the same manner as chemical herbicides. This review aims at summarizing the studies on the application of mycometabolites as a lucrative, novel source of secondary herbicidal compounds for management of weeds. More effort should be expended in this area of research in the future, despite the obstacles that exist.
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Anwar, Tauseef, e Huma Qureshi. "PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM FOUR PLANTS AGAINST SELECTED WEEDS IN AGRICULTURE". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus 20, n.º 1 (2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2021.20.1.33.
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Aim of the Study. Heavy doses of synthetic weed control chemicals have caused herbicide resistance in weeds. Natural com pounds produced by living organisms constitute a wide field for ecologically safe herbicides. The experiments were designed to test allelopathic potential of hexane extracts of selected plants against common weeds in agriculture viz. Euphorbia helioscopia, Rumex dentatus, Phalaris minor, Avena fatua and Chenopodium album. Materials and methods. Allelopathic potential of Carica papaya, Rhazya stricta, Lantana camara and Pinus roxburghii hexane extracts against weeds was determined at 100%, 75% and 50% concentration on soil, filter paper and agar. Parameters adopted for assessing allelopathic potential were the germination (%) and the length of seedling (cm). Data analysis was performed using the Statistica 9 software. Results and Conclusion. The results indicated that R. stricta, C. papaya, L. camara and P. roxburghii hexane extracts possesses suppression effects against weeds among which L. camara had the most conspicuous inhibition effects on selected weeds. The inhibitory effects of germination and seedling growth were in order R. stricta > L. camara > C. papaya > P. roxburghii. Field analysis to assess the phytotoxic ability of these species to be used as herbicide is recommended.
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Khan, Bilal Ahmad, Muhammad Ather Nadeem, Sadia Afzal, Sadia Afzal, Muhammad Azim Khan, Tasawar Abbas, Ahsan Aziz et al. "ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF POPPY (Papaver somniferum L.) ON EMERGENCE AND INITIAL SEEDLING GROWTH OF RED RICE (Oryza punctata L.)". JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i4.850.
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Allelopathy plays crucial role in effective weed control. Opium (Papaver somniferum L.) crop release different allelochemicals at maturity which have potential to act as natural weeds control in different crops. Phytotoxic effect of Papaver somniferum was examined on germination and initial seedling growth of red rice (Oryza punctata L.). Aqueous extract of different plant parts (leaves, stem and flower) were used at various concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%) along with distilled water as control. The aqueous extracts of leaves, stem and flower of P. somniferum were significantly inhibited the emergence, seedling growth as well as root length (cm), shoot length (cm), fresh weight (g) and dry weight (g) of O. punctata. Maximum mean emergence time (9.18 days) and minimum shoot length (1.13 cm) whereas minimum emergence index (0.89) and emergence percentage (6.67%) was observed under fruit extract at 8% concentration. P. somniferum aqueous extract of stem at 8% concentration take maximum time to complete 50% emergence minimum root length, fresh weight, dry weight of O. punctata. Based on this finding it can be concluded that the phyto-chemicals present in P. somniferum at 8% concentration may cause losses to the related as well as succeeding weeds through allelopathy and must be removed from the field to avoid destructive effects of these weeds.
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Yankov, P., e M. Drumeva. "Species composition and density of weeds in a grain maize crop depending of soil tillage". Agricultural Science and Technology 12, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2020): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.04.054.
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Abstract. The study was carried out during 2014-2016 on slightly leached chernozem soil type. The species composition and density of weeds were studied in grain maize grown after previous crop wheat under the following main soil tillage types: ploughing at 24-26 cm, chisel plough at 24-26 cm and no-tillage (direct sowing). The additional tilths of the areas with ploughed and loosened soil included single disking in autumn and double pre-sowing harrowing in spring. A total herbicide was applied for control of the emerging weeds in the variant with direct sowing. The weed control was done according to the standard technology for growing of the crop in this region – treatment with herbicides at stage 3rd-5th leaf of the plants. Weed infestation was read in spring prior to the pre-sowing tillage, immediately before the vegetation treatment with herbicides, and after harvesting. The type of main soil tillage had a statistically significant effect on the species composition and the density of weeds in the grain maize crops grown after previous crop wheat. The use of ploughing, in parallel with the use of chemicals for weed control, decreased the weed infestation in the maize crops. The lower density of weeds under this main soil tillage type was related to changes in the composition and the relative percentage of the respective species in the total infestation. The use of tilths without turning the surface layer and no-tillage in the crop rotation, in spite of the application of herbicides, contributed to the increase of the amount of weeds. The reason for this was the higher variability of weed species typical for shallow tillage types.
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Yankov, P., e M. Drumeva. "Species composition and density of weeds in a grain maize crop depending of soil tillage". Agricultural Science and Technology 12, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2020): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.04.054.
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Abstract. The study was carried out during 2014-2016 on slightly leached chernozem soil type. The species composition and density of weeds were studied in grain maize grown after previous crop wheat under the following main soil tillage types: ploughing at 24-26 cm, chisel plough at 24-26 cm and no-tillage (direct sowing). The additional tilths of the areas with ploughed and loosened soil included single disking in autumn and double pre-sowing harrowing in spring. A total herbicide was applied for control of the emerging weeds in the variant with direct sowing. The weed control was done according to the standard technology for growing of the crop in this region – treatment with herbicides at stage 3rd-5th leaf of the plants. Weed infestation was read in spring prior to the pre-sowing tillage, immediately before the vegetation treatment with herbicides, and after harvesting. The type of main soil tillage had a statistically significant effect on the species composition and the density of weeds in the grain maize crops grown after previous crop wheat. The use of ploughing, in parallel with the use of chemicals for weed control, decreased the weed infestation in the maize crops. The lower density of weeds under this main soil tillage type was related to changes in the composition and the relative percentage of the respective species in the total infestation. The use of tilths without turning the surface layer and no-tillage in the crop rotation, in spite of the application of herbicides, contributed to the increase of the amount of weeds. The reason for this was the higher variability of weed species typical for shallow tillage types.
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Kumar, Raj, R. S. Singh, Deepak Pandey e Manoj Kumar. "Weed management effect on weeds, crop, nutrients uptake and soil physico-chemical properties in blackgram". Indian Journal of Weed Science 50, n.º 2 (2018): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2018.00042.4.
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Kusumaningsih, Kartirahayu, Setiaji Heri Saputra e Muhardi. "Pengendalian Gulma Paku di Areal Gambut Menggunakan Beberapa Jenis Bahan Aktif Herbisida". Jurnal Wana Tropika 12, n.º 02 (27 de janeiro de 2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55180/jwt.v12i02.313.
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Fern weeds control with chemical herbicide in peat area is one solution to overcome weeds competition against cultivated plants at timber estate. Type of active component and solution concentrate of herbicide are effect on weed control result. The purpose of this research are to know weed species and its density, and effect of active component type and solution concentration of herbicide against weed mortality percentage and weed mortality start time. Results of the research showed that Stenochlaena palustris weed was dominated at peat area with 3.986/Ha density. Ammonium Glufosinat herbicide with 1,6% solution concentration was effective to control fern weeds with 100% weed mortality and start time of weed mortality was 3 days after herbicide application.
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Fujii, Y., A. Hatanaka e M. Hamano. "Effect of volatile chemicals extracted from twig and branche of trees at hewing on the growth of weeds". Journal of Weed Science and Technology 46, Supplement (2001): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.46.supplement_132.
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Alptekin, Harun, Abdullah Ozkan, Ramazan Gurbuz e Muhittin Kulak. "Management of Weeds in Maize by Sequential or Individual Applications of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides". Agriculture 13, n.º 2 (10 de fevereiro de 2023): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020421.
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Weeds impose serious problems in maize (corn) production, resulting in reduced crop yields and lower profits for farmers. The adverse effects of weeds have been attributed to the competition with maize plants for light, water, and nutrients, which can result in reduced growth and yield of the crop. In this context, effective weed management is important to minimize the negative impact of weeds on maize production. This can be achieved through a combination of cultural, mechanical, and chemical control methods. The use of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides as sequential or individual applications of these herbicides can be an effective way to manage weeds in maize. Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 in order to determine the efficacy of sequential and individual applications of Dimethenamid-P + Terbuthylazine and Isoxaflutole + Thiencarbazone methyl + Cyprosulfamide as pre- emergence. On the other hand, Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron and Dicamba + Nicosulfuron were used as post-emergence herbicides. The effects of the herbicides were also assayed on corn yield and related parameters. In this regard, we designed the experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Accordingly, the effect of the herbicides varied according to the active ingredients of the herbicide and the weed species. In addition, the effectiveness of herbicides varied according to the assessment times. The lowest effect was found on E. crus-galli, which was obtained from Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron (MN) (35%) plots. Other herbicides showed high efficacy (95–100%). Concerning values of both years, the highest cob length, cob diameter, 1000-grain weight, and plant height were obtained in weed-free control plots and the highest grain yield was obtained in the control plots with weed-free checks as 12.88 tons/ha and 12.37 tons/ha, respectively. The lowest corn grain yield was obtained in weedy control plots in both years. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of pre- and post- emergence herbicides in maize can be an effective way chemical weed control option.
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Ali, Salman, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Afzaal, Gohar Saeed, Muhammad Bilal e Fazal Munsif. "Biochar and integrated phosphorus management suppress weed density in maize crop". JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i4.911.
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Weeds pose a significant threat to successful crop production. To meet the increasing future food demand, sustainable and efficient weed control remains a cornerstone practice. Usage of high doses of herbicides for killing weeds has created several ecological and environmental problems which cannot be overlooked. Therefore, other weed control practices and techniques should be adopted to minimize weed-crop competition and increase the growth and productivity of crop, instead of chemicals. An experiment was established at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar to evaluate the effects of biochar and organic-inorganic P sources on density, fresh and dry weight of weeds in maize during 2016. Experiment was executed using randomized complete block design and treatments included biochar (0 and 10 tonnes ha-1) and three sources of P; FYM, PM and one DAP. Phosphorus at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 was applied in such a way that each plot received 50, 75 and 100% P from PM or FYM and the rest from DAP. Biochar and P sources significantly affected density, fresh and dry weight of weeds at 25 and 50 days after sowing of crop. 10 tonnes ha-1 biochar reduced weed density and fresh and dry weight of weeds at both intervals i.e. 25 and 50 days after sowing. Similarly, lower weed density, weed fresh and dry weight with addition of PM or FYM and DAP in 50:50 ratios. Sole FYM and PM resulted in higher weed density and weeds fresh and dry biomass. It is concluded that 10 tons ha-1 biochar and P application 50% from FYM or PM and 50% from DAP improved maize growth and reduced weed competition.
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Ootani, Marcio Akio, Raimundo Wagner de Sousa Aguiar, Antônio Carlos Costa Ramos, Deyvid Rocha Brito, Jessica Batista da Silva e João Paulo Cajazeira. "Utilização de Óleos Essenciais na Agricultura". Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 4, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2013): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v4n2.ootani.
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Essential oils are alternative to control pathogenic agents, agricultural pests and weeds, with the use of pesticides in agriculture has been an important tool in the control of many pathogenic microorganisms and plants to increase production, but the indiscriminate use of these chemicals has negatively affected the environment and human health. It has been researched lately, demand for new plants with metabolic molecules such as terpenes, alkaloids and phenolic compounds, in effect; bioinsecticide, biofungicide bioherbicida and plants that can replace chemicals or with low or no residual power and reduce the impact to environment, this manuscript aims to give a comprehensive explanation on the importance of essential oils and their secondary metabolites in plant defense. The use of plants with insecticidal properties, fungicide and herbicide, shows a high potential of this tool in the management of pests, diseases and weeds. For the final insertion and safe botanical products in agriculture, however, more studies are still needed.
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Ariunaa, O., M. Otgonsuren e N. Bayarsukh. "Effect of herbicides applied against of weeds in soybean (Glycine max L.) field". Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, n.º 2 (24 de novembro de 2014): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.218.
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Herbicides, if used properly, are safe and effective in controlling weeds in soybean. The choice of herbicide, however, depends on the predominant weed species and the availability of the herbicide. In soybean field distributed 21 species of weedsof 20 genus belonging to 14 families, that are the determined 71.5% annual, 9.5% biennialweeds and 19.0% perennial weeds. Herbicides are available for pre-emergence or post emergence weed control in soybean. For examining testable variations, 278 weeds in 1m2 area were counted awet weight 1000 g, a dry weight 138.1 referring to weed density at the highestdoses 1.5-2.0 L of Targonherbicide applied in variations, whereas 92 weeds in 1m2 area were counted a wet weight 575 g, a dry weight 120.1 were to rubbish most lesser Gallant superherbicide doses at 0.45-0.65 L/ha applied in variations. In soybean field for controlling to weeds were applied Targon herbicide at doses 1.0-2.0l/ha , whereas weed species density reduced by 91.4-93.2% and the weight by 47.2-59.7%, Gallant super herbicide at doses 0.45-0.65 l/ha,the weed species density reduced by 91.1-96.3, and the weight by 37.3-58.9%, Cobra herbicide at doses 0.45-0.55 l/ha that weed species density reduced by 90.2- 95.0% and the weight by 36.7-41.4%, Flex herbicide at doses 1.65-1.85 l/ha that weed species density reduced by 95.6-94.6% and the weight by 31.2-32.5 percent respectively. The effect of chemical weed control with reduced herbicide doses on the weed population density in soybean yield was observed. Weed competition has reduced an important morpho-physiological trait in soybean. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.218 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.59-62
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Baral, Khagendra Raj. "Weeds Management In Organic Farming Through Conservation Agriculture Practices". Journal of Agriculture and Environment 13 (10 de fevereiro de 2013): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v13i0.7589.
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Despite weeds are a serious threat to promotion of organic farming, relatively less attention is given to research on weed management. This article explores a scope of integration of conservation agriculture for weed control and soil protection under organic farming. Limitation in the use of agro-chemicals under OF promotes intensive tillage for weed control. Mostly, tillage leads to depletion of organic matter and proneness to erosion in inclined geography. Adoption of conservation agriculture reduces the intensity of soil manipulation thereby creates an unfavourable condition for weed seed germination, reduces the organic matter depletions and soil erosions. Residues on the surface invite weed and pest predators thereby reduced the weed and pest infestations in organic field. Appropriate crop rotations and cover crops management suppress weeds populations with smothering and allopathic effects. Thus, CA integration under OF could be an option for weed, pest and soil management which leads to sustainable organic plant production. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:13, Jun.2012, Page 60-66 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v13i0.7589
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Ahmed, Sharif, M. Jahangir Alam, Akbar Hossain, A. K. M. Mominul Islam, Tahir H. Awan, Walid Soufan, Ahmed Ali Qahtan, Mohmmad K. Okla e Ayman El Sabagh. "Interactive Effect of Weeding Regimes, Rice Cultivars, and Seeding Rates Influence the Rice-Weed Competition under Dry Direct-Seeded Condition". Sustainability 13, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010317.
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Dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.), a climate-smart and resource-efficient (labor and water) rice production technology is gaining popularity in many parts of Asian countries; however, weeds are the major constraints for its early establishment and optimum productivity. Chemical weed management is effective, rapid, and also decreases weed management costs in dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) system; however, chemical use for weed management have a negative effect on the environment and also have human health hazards. Therefore, integrated weed management (IWM) is the best option for the sustainability of rice production under the DSR system. Improving competitiveness against weeds, weed-competitive rice cultivars, and high seeding rates were found to be the most promising IWM strategies in DSR. In this context, a field study was conducted to evaluate the weed competitiveness of rice cultivars and seeding rates on the performance of aus rice in dry direct-seeded systems in Bangladesh. Three inbred rice cultivars (CV), namely “BRRI dhan26”, “BRRI dhan48”, and “BRRI dhan55”, and one hybrid cultivar, “Arize” were tested in a seeding rate (SR) of 20, 40, and 80 kg ha−1 under two weeding regimes (WR) of weed-free and partially-weedy. Rice grain yield was strongly affected (p < 0.01) by the interactions of WR, CV, and SR. In weed-free conditions, the yield of all three inbred cultivars was increased up to SR of 40 kg ha−1 and for the hybrid cultivar, up to SR of 20 kg ha−1, and with further increment of SR, there was no yield advantage. Conversely, under partially weedy conditions, the yield of three inbred cultivars increased up to SR of 80 kg ha−1; however, for the hybrid cultivar, this increment was up to SR of 40 kg ha−1 and thereafter, no yield gain. In weedy conditions, the higher SR compensates for the yield losses by increasing the competitiveness of rice with weeds. Across SR, the hybrid cultivar had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher weed competitive index (WCI) than all the inbred cultivars and the highest SR always had a higher WCI.
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Gawęda, Dorota, e Cezary A. Kwiatkowski. "Weed infestation of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in monoculture depending on the cover crop and weed control method". Acta Agrobotanica 65, n.º 3 (2012): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2012.015.
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The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and in-crop weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a wheat crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009-2011 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included various types of stubble crops ploughed in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and methods of weed control in spring wheat (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). On average during the study period, all stubble crops used reduced the air-dry weight of weds in the treatments with mechanical weed management relative to the control treatment. Irrespective of the weed control method, the number of weeds in the wheat crop was significantly lower only after the ploughing in of white mustard. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to other weed control methods. The white mustard and legume mixture cover crops had a reducing effect on the number of weed species in relation to the treatment without cover crops. The highest floristic diversity of weed communities was found in the spring wheat crop in which only mechanical weeding alone was used.
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Khokhar, U. U., V. P. Sharma e D. R. Gautam. "EFFECT OF CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL ON LANTANA CAMARA AND ARTIMISIA ROXBURGHIANA PERENNIAL WEEDS IN PLUM ORCHARDS". Acta Horticulturae, n.º 696 (novembro de 2005): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.696.55.
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Soliman, I., e Amany Hamz. "EFFECT OF SOME WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON YIELD, ASSOCIATED WEEDS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION FOR MAIZE GRAINS." Journal of Plant Production 5, n.º 10 (1 de outubro de 2014): 1729–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2014.64705.
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Fujii, Y., A. Hatanaka e M. Hamano. "Effect of volatile chemicals extracted from twig and branche of 35 trees on the growth of crop and weeds". Journal of Weed Science and Technology 47, Supplement (2002): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.47.supplement_148.
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Monks, C. Dale, David W. Monks, Tom Basden, Arthur Selders, Suzanne Poland e Edward Rayburn. "Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture, Weed Control, and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Response to Mulching". Weed Technology 11, n.º 3 (setembro de 1997): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045425.
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Shredded newspaper (2.5, 7.6, 12.7, and 17.8 cm depth), chopped newspaper (2.5 and 7.6 cm), wheat straw (15.2 cm), black plastic, and plastic landscape fabric were evaluated during 1993 and 1994 in West Virginia for their effect on soil temperature, soil moisture, weed control, and yield in tomato. Shredded newspaper and wheat straw applied at 0, 2, 4, or 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and napropamide (2.1 kg ai/ha) plus metribuzin (0.28 kg ai/ha) applied at transplanting were evaluated during 1992 and 1993 in North Carolina for effect on weed control and tomato yield. Results from West Virginia indicated that shredded (7.6 cm) and chopped (7.6 cm) newspaper conserved moisture similar to higher application rates of the shredded material. Higher newspaper mulching rates reduced soil temperature compared to black plastic and bare ground. Chopped newspaper controlled weeds more consistently than other treatments. At least 7.6 cm of chopped newspaper mulch was required to control weeds at least 90%. Wheat straw was not as effective in controlling weeds as 7.6 cm or greater of newspaper mulch. Chopped newspaper provided higher tomato yields than shredded newspaper applied at the same rates. Mulches applied at 0, 2, or 4 WAT resulted in weed control similar to the chemical treatment. In North Carolina, mulches applied 2 or 4 WAT resulted in tomato yields similar to the chemical treatment. Shredded and chopped newspaper have potential as a mulching material but may vary in effect in different environments and vegetable crops.
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Hutianskyi, R. "Combined effects of pesticides on weedines and seed yield of soybean crops". Karantin i zahist roslin, n.º 2-3 (19 de março de 2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.41-44.
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Goal. of my study was to investigate the combined effect of pesticides, including seed dressers, post-emergence herbicides, fungicides, biologicals, and plant growth regulators on weediness and soybean yield in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Field, analytical and statistical.
Results. The weeds in the soybean crops were represented by 15 species. Cockspur (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Roem et Schult.), yellow foxtail (Setaria glaua (L.) Beauv.), lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) dominated in the soybean crops. In the controls, the dominant position in the soybean crops (in terms of the wet weight of weeds) was occupied by biennial and annual dicotyledonous weeds (56—57% of the total wet weight of weeds). Annual gramineous weeds (37—42%) and perennial dicotyledonous weeds (2—6%) ranked the second and third most spread species. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds increased the competitiveness of soybean plants against weeds. Herbicide composition Tabezon (2.0 l/ ha) + Formula (6 g/ ha) + surfactant Trend 90 (0.2 l/ ha) (primordial leaves) + Lemur (1.5 l/ ha) (biternate/ triternate leaves) significantly reduced the total number of weeds in the soybean crops by 89% and their wet weight by 97%. There was no evidence of significant effects of post-emergence combinations of herbicides with chemical or biological pesticides on the effectiveness of weed control in the soybean crops. Analyzing the soybean seed yield, I revealed that application of herbicides alone in the crops was the most justified.
Conclusions. Increased competitiveness of soybean plants against weeds on pre-sowing seed treatment has been demonstrated. There was no evidence of significant effects of post-emergence combinations of herbicides with chemical and biological pesticides on the weed control effectiveness. Monoapplication of herbicides was the most justified.
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Triwiharto, Agung, Yuslinawari, Agus Prijono e Dika Asmar. "Efektivitas Pengendalian Gulma Tanaman Eucalyptus sp pada Areal Mineral di Estate Cerenti, PT. RAPP". Jurnal Wana Tropika 12, n.º 1 (15 de julho de 2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55180/jwt.v12i1.207.
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One of the wood industry activities in the forestry sector is the Eucalyptus sp industry at PT.Riau Mainstay Pulp and Paper Riau Province. The wood production process is used for pulpand has many factors in its productivity. One of them is in the planting process with weedcontrol problems, which use the herbicide with the active ingredient glyphosate. The use of the herbicide with the active ingredient glyphosate is not effective against all types of weeds. Therefore, it is necessary to know the right combination of weed control methods to control weeds for the expected results. Research is located in PT. RAPP, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province. The research design used was a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern that used 2 treatment factors in the form of Weeding Round consisting of Weeding Round 5 Over Due (late weeding) and Weeding Round 5 On Time (on time) and weed control methods consisting of chemical methods, the tripe combination method with chemical and thecombination lever method with chemical. The parameters observed were the type and amount of weed vegetation, the development of weed death, the percentage of weed death and the PQA value of weeding. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results that showed a significant effect were further tested using the LSD (Least Significant Difference) test. The results showed that there were 6 types of weeds found in the research area, namely Senduduk Bulu (Clidemia hirta), Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum), Acacia mangium saplings (Acacia mangium), Lemidi Paku (Stenochlaena palustris), Grass (Poaceae) and Liana. The most dominant type of weed was Clidemia hirta with an Important Value Index of 127.72% and the weed with the smallest effect was liana with an Important Value Index of 0.88%. Based on the results of the analysis of the development of weed mortality, the percentage of weed mortality and the PQA value of weeding, the combination of jackhammer and chemical method is the most appropriate control method applied because it has an average PQA value of 100%.In the chemical method there are fern weeds that are difficult to die and in the combination tripe and chemical method there are fern weeds that grow new leaves on the 16th day of observation.Keywords: PQA Weeding; Weeds; Weed Control Methods
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Bholane, J. P., Kavita D. Rajput e V. M. Bhale. "Impact of integrated weed management practices soil microbial count and grain yield in black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 16, AAEBSSD (15 de julho de 2021): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/16.aaebssd/43-45.
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A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr, pendimethalin, fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizalofop -p-ethyl ) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence,post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices on soil microflora and yield of black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Data revealed that different chemicals and cultural weed control practices were exhibited their superiority over weedy check and reduced the crop weed competition by controlling the annual and broad leaved weeds. Among all the weed control treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha showed higher yield per ha (10.05) and in case of in microbial study, bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes count before spraying of herbicide was non-significant but microbial count was reduced after spraying of herbicides as compared to before spraying of herbicides,as a result(before and after spraying of herbicide) pre-emergence application of imazethapyr at 75 g ha-1[(25.11, 17.10 ) ,( 19.50, 10.84) and (22.30,16.10)] showed the lower microbial count. In case of weedy check(26.90, 20.60 and 23.98) showed maximum microbial count followed by weed free (26.50, 20.30 and 22.60 ), among all the weed control practices.
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Alieksieiev, Ya V., S. S. Semenov, A. G. Lyubchich, R. E. Grishchenko e O. V. Glieva. "Productivity of grain sorghum at application of post-emergence herbicides". Scientific Journal Grain Crops 5, n.º 1 (2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0159.
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During the four-year field experiments, the influence of post-emergence herbicides such as Pik, Prima and Grantox on the phytosanitary state of grain sorghum crops and the formation the grain productivity of plants was established. It was found that the applied chemicals did not affect the main stages of ontogenesis by sorghum plants. The use of the active ingredient of Prima and Grantox led to a decrease the linear growth of plants. The height of sorghum plants with increasing the application dose of Prima decreased from 101.7 to 98.5 cm. When increasing the dose of Grantox, the toxic effect of the active ingredient on sorghum plants increased, as a result their height decreased significantly from 103.1 to 98.1 cm. With regard to the Pik herbicide, with increasing of application doze, the plant height increased from 105.5 to 107.9 cm. Due to the use of the application dose of 20 g/ha, the highest grain yield of sorghum was obtained (4.04 t/ha). It is only 0.22 t/ha less compared to the variants where weeds were removed manually. These results indicate a significant effect of the Pik herbicide on weeds and weak phytotoxicity against sorghum plants. When using the Prima herbicide, it was observed activation of tillering with a slight decrease in the number of panicles. All studied herbicides were characterized by high efficiency against dicotyledonous weeds: Grantox – 78.0–86.2 %, Prima – 75.4–83.1 %, Pik – 80.6–89.3 %. Despite the different phytotoxic effect on plants, grain productivity of grain sorghum increased due to the application of post-emergence herbicides compared to plots with natural weed infestation: Prima – by 0.66–0.92 t/ha, Grantox – by 0.60–0.97 t/ha, Pik – by 1.02–1.40 t/ha . Based on the research, it was found that the application of Pik herbicide in dose of 15–20 g/ha at the 4–5 leaf stage of sorghum was safest for plants and the most effective for the control of dicotyledonous weeds. Key words: grain sorghum, growth and development, weeds, herbicide, yield.
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Silva, Danúbio Lopes da, Marcos Aurélio Figueiredo dos Santos, Jose Weverton Almeida Bezerra, Cícero dos Santos Leandro, Maria Daniele Pereira Rodrigues, Ana Karolina Fernandes Silva, Arycelle Alves de Oliveira et al. "Cordia oncocalyx (Allemão) Baill. (Boraginaceae) Chemical Composition and Alelopathic Effect Against Weeds". Journal of Agricultural Science 10, n.º 12 (15 de novembro de 2018): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n12p262.
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Through secondary metabolism, plants produce chemical compounds which when released into the environment can have effects on other species, such effect is called allelopathy. In this research we evaluated the Cordia oncocalyx (Boraginaceae) allelopathic potential against two weed species, Cenchrus echinatus and Calotropis procera, as well as quantified its phenolic compounds using HPLC-DAD. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and one control group (distilled water). Each treatment consisted of four replicates with 25 seeds each, totaling 100 seeds per treatment. The variables analyzed were: germinating potential, germination velocity and seedling development. The hot and cold infusion extracts were prepared with 50 g of each of the three parts of the donor plant (bark, leaves and roots) immersed in 500 ml of distilled water at 100 °C (hot infusion) and 25 °C (cold infusion). The experiments were mounted in Petri dishes having substrate filter paper embedded in 3 mL of the extracts (treatments) and conducted in a germination chamber. Hot and cold infusion extracts of the C. oncocalyx leaves, barks and roots presented allelopathic activity on C. echinatus and C. procera germination and development, with the hot bark extract promoting such effect with a greater intensity. The allelopathic effect observed may be due to the presence of allelochemicals such as caffeic acid, quercentin and kaempferol present in C. oncocalyx leaves, barks and roots.
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Hasanuddin, H., G. Erida, S. Hafsah, A. Marliah, Y. Agustiawan e D. S. Aryani. "Application of oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin to control weeds on soybean plantation". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2022): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012066.
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Abstract The appearance of weeds on crops has led to the significant loss of crop yield. Therefore, chemical control with herbicides has been an important tool for rapid and efficient weed management in crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbicides oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin against weeds on soybean plantation. This research employed Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with 2 factors. The first factor was the type of herbicides: oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin. The second factor was herbicide doses: 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 g a.i ha-1, applied on soybean at 1 day after planting (DAP). The percentage of weed control, percentage of weed coverage, weed species, weed population, and weed dry weight were observed at 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP). The results revealed that different types and doses of herbicide applied has affected the percentage of weed control, percentage of weed coverage weed species and weed dry weight.
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Kusumaningsih, Karti Rahayu. "Uji Efektivitas Beberapa Jenis Tanaman Berpotensi Bioherbisida untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides)". HUTAN TROPIKA 16, n.º 2 (7 de janeiro de 2022): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jht.v16i2.3596.
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Several plants founded in the field, for examples Swietenia macrophylla, Imperata cilindrica, carica papaya and Morinda citrifolia have chemical compounds that can be used as bioherbicide. The purpose of this research are to know content of Tannin and Flavonoid compounds in that plants and effect of interaction between type of leaf extract and bioherbicide solution formula i.e 10%, 20% and 30% againts effectivity of Ageratum conyzoides weeds control. Results of the research showed that leaf extract of S. macrophylla, I. cilindrica, C. papaya and M. citrifolia contain of Tannin and Flavonoid compounds with bioherbicide potential, with highest contain in S. macrophylla and lowest in I. cilindrica leaf extract. Interaction of type of leaf extract and solution formula gived very significant effect againts percentage of weed mortality and weed poisoning intensity of A. conyzoides weeds. Leaf extract of S. macrophylla, C. papaya and M. citrifoilia with 10-30% solution formula, were effective to control A. conyzoides weeds, with average of start time of weeds death was 3 days after bioherbicide application.
Keywords : Bioherbicide, leaf extract, percentage of weed mortality, weed poisoning intensity
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Butkevičienė, Lina Marija, Lina Skinulienė, Ingė Auželienė, Vaclovas Bogužas, Rita Pupalienė e Vaida Steponavičienė. "The Influence of Long-Term Different Crop Rotations and Monoculture on Weed Prevalence and Weed Seed Content in the Soil". Agronomy 11, n.º 7 (5 de julho de 2021): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071367.
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Equally effective way to achieve sustainable farming and the challenge set by the European Commission on 20 May 2020: proper crop rotation and thus reduction of the quantity of on-farm chemicals. Long-term stationary field experiments were established in 1966 at Vytautas Magnus University Experimental Station (54°53′ N, 23°50′ E). The study was conducted with intensive, three-course, field rotation with row crops, for green manure crop rotations, and rye monoculture as well during the last 5-year period of a 50-year investigation to determine the effect of crop rotation combinations and rye monoculture on weed density and seed bank and grain yield. In cereal crops, weed counting was performed twice: weed density was determined before the application of herbicides, and weed counting was done before the harvest. Weed seedlings were counted, their botanical species were determined, annual and perennial weed number was estimated. Weed seed bank was established before primary tillage in soil. The results obtained confirmed the hypothesis that with climate change and intensive farming, long-term crop rotations are likely to increase crop productivity, reduce weeds and weed seed banks in the soil, and thus contribute to maintaining agroecosystem sustainability. The winter rye 1000 grain weight and yield decreases as weed mass increases showing strong negative correlations: y = 475.56 − 11.93x, r = −0.91, p ≤ 0.05; y = 82.97 −14.82x, r = −0.97, p ≤ 0.01. Reseeding of rye crops leads to a growing prevalence of weeds such as Equisetum arvense L. and Mentha arvensis. Crop structures these days are dominated by cereals, which inevitably increase the spread of weeds, and therefore, the importance of crop rotations increases in the context of intensive farming.
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Devkota, Anjila, Krita Karki, Sijan Kafle e Mina Sunar. "REVIEW ON WEED CONTROL IN GLYPHOSATE TOLERANT MAIZE". Reviews in Food and Agriculture 2, n.º 1 (23 de fevereiro de 2021): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.01.2021.24.26.
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Weeds are a constant nuisance for farmers, which steal space and nutrients from the crops. Weed management is the botanical component which attempts to stop noxious weeds from competing with desired flora and fauna including domesticated plants. It is preventing of non-native species competing with native species. Growth of various weeds has been major problem in the yield of many plants. It has also affected the growth and development of maize as it competes with the space and nutrients. Different weed management techniques have been introduced till date to increase the yield and to control the weeds, also, aiming less effect of the techniques on the main plant. Generally, preventive, biological, cultural, mechanical and chemical weed control methods are used. Advancements in plant biotechnology have allowed the development of a number of herbicide resistant crops which is a success in chemical weed management of the crops. They have provided the requisite tools to transform the plants to contain the foreign genes. Genetically engineered herbicide resistant crops have been widely planted globally since their introduction in 1995. These developments offer new approaches to managing weeds in cropping systems. This technology offers some advantages over currently used systems.
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Moyer, J. R., R. E. Blackshaw, R. C. Doram, H. C. Huang e T. Entz. "Effect of previous crop and herbicides on weed growth and wheat yield". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, n.º 3 (1 de julho de 2005): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-170.
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Field experiments were established in 1998, 1999 and 2000 at the Lethbridge Research Centre to examine the effect of preceding annual crops and accompanying recommended herbicides on weed infestations in following winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Seven crops and fallow were established in year 1 with and without herbicides for weed control. In year 2, spring and winter wheat were grown without herbicides and with minimal fertilizer inputs to measure the effect of the previous crop and herbicides on weed and crop growth, available N and P, and available soil moisture. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic) as a previous crop provided an environment that promoted wheat growth but not weed growth. In contrast, mustard (Brassica juncea L.) as a previous crop inhibited spring and winter wheat growth, but did not inhibit total weed biomass production in year 2. The beneficial effects of lentil and the detrimental effects of mustard were partially explained by available soil moisture and soil N for the second crop but additional factors, such as allelopathic chemicals or changes in soil biology, must be involved to cause the large differences in weed and wheat growth that were observed in year 2. The lack of herbicides with some crops led to dense weed populations in year 2. In addition, N, P, moisture utilization, and possible additional changes in soil biology or chemistry caused by uncontrolled weeds affected wheat yield after lentil and fallow. Key words: Available soil moisture, available soil nitrogen, crop rotation, lentil, mustard, weed density
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Li, Meng, Nicholas R. Jordan, Roger T. Koide, Anthony C. Yannarell e Adam S. Davis. "Meta-Analysis of Crop and Weed Growth Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Implications for Integrated Weed Management". Weed Science 64, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2016): 642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-16-00050.1.
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Integrated weed management (IWM) relies upon multiple chemical, physical, or biological weed management techniques to achieve an acceptable level of weed control. Agents that selectively suppress weeds but not crops and that can be manipulated in agriculture will be promising components for inclusion in IWM. We used a meta-analytic approach to investigate the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to contribute to IWM. We quantified the effect of crop and weed host status (strong and weak AMF hosts are divided in this study by a 10% root length colonization threshold), AMF diversity (single vs. mixed), and soil N and P fertility management on plant mycorrhizal growth responses (MGRs). Our results indicated that weak host weeds had consistently lower MGRs than strong host crops in both controlled and field conditions. Moreover, these differences in MGRs between weak host weeds and strong host crops were more pronounced under mixed AMF inoculum and low N and P nutrient availability. In contrast, MGR of strong host weeds was not different from strong host crops in general. However, we observed a wide range of MGRs among strong host weeds, some of which had much lower MGRs than strong host crops. In addition, in the presence of N and P fertilizers, strong host crops had a stronger positive response to AMF than strong host weeds. Thus, our meta-analysis indicates that AMF have potential to contribute to weed control by direct and indirect pathways: directly suppress weak host weeds, and indirectly suppress some strong host weeds mediating by competitive effects exerted by strong host crops. We suggest that management practices affecting AMF diversity and crop and weed mycorrhizal responses could be chosen to improve the contribution of AMF to IWM. Better understanding is needed of crop–weed–AMF interactions and management practices that enhance this form of weed management.
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Andruszczak, Sylwia, Piotr Kraska, Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe e Edward Pałys. "The effect of tillage system and herbicide application on weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) cultivars". Acta Agrobotanica 66, n.º 4 (2014): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2013.064.
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<p>Based on a 3-year field experiment conducted on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil, the present study evaluated the effect of chemical plant protection on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds infesting crops of winter spelt wheat cultivars (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Badengold’, ‘Schwaben- speltz’, and ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’) sown under ploughing and ploughless tillage systems. Ploughing tillage involved skim- ming done after harvest of the previous crop and pre-sowing ploughing, while in the ploughless tillage system ploughing was replaced with cultivating. Chemical weed control included the application of the herbicides Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG. Plots where the herbicides were not used were the control treatment. On average, from 21 to 30 weed species colonised the winter spelt wheat crops compared. <em>Galium aparine </em>and <em>Apera spica-venti </em>occurred in greatest numbers and their percentage in the total number of weeds was estimated at 26–35% and 17–25%, respectively. The cultivar ‘Frankenkorn’ was the least weed-infested. Both the number of weeds in the crop of this cultivar and their above-ground dry weight were lower compared to the other cultivars. The use of reduced tillage significantly increased the air-dry weight of weeds compared to ploughing tillage. Nevertheless, it should be indicated under ploughless tillage conditions the application of chemical crop protection reduced weed biomass by 59% compared to the control treatments without crop protection.</p>
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Naeem, Muhammad, Shahid Farooq e Mubshar Hussain. "The Impact of Different Weed Management Systems on Weed Flora and Dry Biomass Production of Barley Grown under Various Barley-Based Cropping Systems". Plants 11, n.º 6 (8 de março de 2022): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11060718.
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Weeds are among the major issues responsible for reduction in yield and profit in any crop production system. Herbicides are the easiest and quickest solution of weeds; however, their frequent use exert negative consequences on environment, human health, and results in the evolution of herbicide-resistant weed species. Due to these reasons, alternative weed management methods that are less harmful to environment and human health are needed. This two-year study evaluated the impact of different weed management options, i.e., false seedbed (FS), allelopathic water extracts (AWE), chemical control (CC), weed-free (WF) weedy-check (WC) on weed spectrum in various barley-based cropping systems, i.e., fallow-barley (FB), maize-barley (MB), cotton-barley (CB), mungbean-barley (M*B), and sorghum-barley (SB). Data relating to density, diversity, and biomass production of weed species prevailing in the studied cropping systems were recorded. Interactive effect of weed management methods and barley-based cropping systems significantly altered weed diversity, and densities of individual, broadleaved, and grassy weeds. A total 13 weed species (ten broadleaved and three grass) were recorded during both years of study. The highest dry biomass, diversity, and density of individual, broadleaved, and grassy weeds were noted in WC treatment, whereas WF treatment resulted in the lowest values of these traits. Chemical control resulted in the highest suppression of weed flora and improved dry biomass production of barley followed by AWE. The SB cropping system with CC or AWE resulted in the least weed flora. The M*B cropping system with CC or AWE produced the highest dry biomass of barley. It is concluded that including sorghum crop in rotation and applying AWE could suppress weeds comparable to herbicides. Similarly, including mungbean in rotation and applying AWE could increase dry biomass production of barley. In conclusion, herbicides can be replaced with an eco-friendly approach, i.e., allelopathy and inclusion of sorghum crop could be helpful in suppressing weed flora.
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Bošković, Dragana. "Allelopathic properties of plant extracts as potential bioherbicides". Biljni lekar 49, n.º 1 (2021): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2101094b.
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Weeds are constant companions of plant production. For their control chemical substances, ie herbicides are used. In addition to a number of properties, the use of herbicides has numerous consequences, for the living world and for the environment, as well. Considering their negative effects, there is a need to find alternative methods of weed control. In recent decades, numerous researches have been done within the framework of biologically and eco-friendlier acceptable ways of controlling various pests, including weeds. Bioherbicides are compounds that contain microorganisms (such as bacteria or fungi), products of their metabolism, or plant extracts that have an effect on certain weed species. In this paper, the application of plant extracts that show allelopathic effects, as potential bioherbicides, in modern agricultural production, will be discussed.
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Sims, Brian, Sandra Corsi, Gualbert Gbehounou, Josef Kienzle, Makiko Taguchi e Theodor Friedrich. "Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers". Agriculture 8, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8080118.
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Land degradation and soil fertility deterioration are two of the main causes of agricultural production stagnation and decline in many parts of the world. The model of crop production based on mechanical soil tillage and exposed soils is typically accompanied by negative effects on the natural resource base of the farming environment, which can be so serious that they jeopardize agricultural productive potential in the future. This form of agriculture is destructive to soil health and accelerates the loss of soil by increasing its mineralization and erosion rates. Conservation agriculture, a system avoiding or minimizing soil mechanical disturbance (no-tillage) combined with soil cover and crop diversification, is considered a sustainable agro-ecological approach to resource-conserving agricultural production. A major objective of tillage is supposed to be weed control, and it does not require very specific knowledge because soil inversion controls (at least temporarily) most weeds mechanically (i.e., by way of burying them). However, repeated ploughing only changes the weed population, but does not control weeds in the long term. The same applies to the mechanical uprooting of weeds. While in the short term some tillage operations can control weeds on farms, tillage systems can increase and propagate weeds off-farm. The absence of tillage, under conservation agriculture, requires other measures of weed control. One of the ways in which this is realized is through herbicide application. However, environmental concerns, herbicide resistance and access to appropriate agro-chemicals on the part of resource-poor farmers, highlight the need for alternative weed control strategies that are effective and accessible for smallholders adopting conservation agriculture. Farmers in semi-arid regions contend with the additional challenge of low biomass production and, often, competition with livestock enterprises, which limit the potential weed-suppressing benefits of mulch and living cover crops. This paper reviews the applicability and efficacy of various mechanical, biological and integrated weed management strategies for the effective and sustainable management of weeds in smallholder conservation agriculture systems, including the role of appropriate equipment and prerequisites for smallholders within a sustainable intensification scenario.
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Dentika, Pauline, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine e Laurent Penet. "Weeds as Pathogen Hosts and Disease Risk for Crops in the Wake of a Reduced Use of Herbicides: Evidence from Yam (Dioscorea alata) Fields and Colletotrichum Pathogens in the Tropics". Journal of Fungi 7, n.º 4 (9 de abril de 2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7040283.
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The transition toward sustainable agriculture requires rethinking cropping systems in the light of less intensive and chemically reliant practices. Weed management is one of the target practices to evolve cropping systems with decreased impact on the environment. While softened management will lead to increased weeds/crops coexistence, it is of importance to assess the relative benefits and drawbacks of new practices. Among the potential drawbacks of weeds/crops coexistence, disease risk may increase if weeds are hosting pathogens. In this study, we assessed the potential of weeds for hosting pathogenic generalist fungi known to translate into disease in crops. We first describe prevalence in fields after harvest and relate prevalence to species characteristics and communities. Then, we directly test the idea that weeds serve as inoculums sources during cropping with a natural experiment. This study highlights variation in host skill among feral weeds for Colletotrichum species, including potential congeneric sub-specialization on different weeds within communities. Last, prevalence within fields was more correlated to focal crop inoculation rates compared to local weed load, but there was a significant correlation effect with prevalence on weeds in the vicinity of fields, suggesting that weeds are mediating disease levels at the local scale, too. Results pointed to the importance of weed host skill in disease risk yet open the door to the potential control of pathogens via targeted weed management.
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Makuch, Y., S. Moshkivska e V. Smih. "Effectiveness of chemical protection of chickpea crops depending on the effect of different herbicides and seed rates". Karantin i zahist roslin, n.º 2-3 (19 de março de 2020): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.33-36.
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Goal. Search and evaluate the effectiveness of herbicides and their compositions in chickpea crops. On the basis of research to prepare a comprehensive system of protection of chickpea crops from the presence of weeds, which ensures high yields and is economically and environmentally feasible in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The experiments were based on the following scheme: Factor A (weed protection): 1. Net control; 2. Harsh control; 3. Fabian, D.Sc. 0.1 kg/ha; 4. Bazagran, bp — 2.5 l/ha; 5. Reiser, k.e. 2.0 l/ha. Factor B (seeding rate): Seeding rate, thousand pieces / ha —500; 600; 700.
Results. One way to increase the competition of chickpea plants with weeds can be to increase the stocking density of cultivated plants. It is also known that the combination of several methods of crop care contributes to the overall increase of their effect. By identifying a critical period of competitive interaction between chickpeas and weeds, it is possible to take action on the latter before they cause significant damage to the crop. Competitive reciprocity and harmfulness of weeds in chickpea crops is observed throughout the entire period of crop development. A significant decrease in productivity is observed in the presence of 10 weed plants per square meter. Increased weed density of up to 25 pc/m2 showed a 23.7% decrease in crop yield.
Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches it is possible to make a generalization that in the conditions of humus soils of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, when applying herbicides on chickpea crops, the best results in weed control were obtained with the introduction of Fabian, dr. application rate of 0.1 kg/ha and Bazagran, pp. 2.5 l/ha. The most favorable conditions of formation of biological productivity and realization of high level of productivity of chickpea plants are observed at the norms of sowing of seeds of 600 thousand pieces/ha.
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Ivany, J. A. "Acetic acid for weed control in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, n.º 4 (1 de julho de 2010): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09026.
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Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are produced in all Canadian provinces, and interest has increased in the use of non-synthetic chemicals and organic techniques to provide weed control. Acetic acid has been suggested as a chemical that could potentially provide weed control in potato production. We examined glacial acetic acid and Ecoclear (30% acetic acid, 1.0% naptha solvent and 1.0% trimethyl benzene) for effectiveness in controlling weeds in potatoes when applied in a 30-cm-wide band over the potato row as well as their effect on potato yield components in three experiments repeated over 2 yr. The effects of time of application and volume of application were also examined. Glacial acetic acid at 10% concentration did not injure potato foliage, but at 20 and 30% concentration it injured emerged potato foliage. A concentration of 20% acetic acid was needed to provide acceptable weed control levels of lambs-quarters, corn spurry and wild buckwheat. Marketable yield was reduced by 20 and 30% acetic acid to below the standard herbicide treatment. Sequential applications of acetic acid at concentrations of 10, 20 or 30%, applied 7-10 d apart, caused slightly greater injury and yield was 10 to 15% less than in the single application. Ecoclear applied to emerged weeds and before potato emergence did not injure potato foliage, but when applied post-emergence it caused severe, but short lived, potato injury. Ecoclear gave greater than 80% control of lambs-quarters, corn spurry and wild radish. Potato marketable yield was comparable with that achieved with a herbicide and was reduced only in one year by Ecoclear applied post-emergence. Weed control was 18% or less when Ecoclear was applied at 200 L ha-1, 54 to 74% when applied at 400 L ha-1 and 91 to 95% when applied at 800 L ha-1 volume of application. Key words: Potato, acetic acid, EcoClear, weed control, application time, application volume