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1
Marleau, Justin N., Frédéric Guichard e Michel Loreau. "Meta-ecosystem dynamics and functioning on finite spatial networks". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, n.º 1777 (22 de fevereiro de 2014): 20132094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2094.
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The addition of spatial structure to ecological concepts and theories has spurred integration between sub-disciplines within ecology, including community and ecosystem ecology. However, the complexity of spatial models limits their implementation to idealized, regular landscapes. We present a model meta-ecosystem with finite and irregular spatial structure consisting of local nutrient–autotrophs–herbivores ecosystems connected through spatial flows of materials and organisms. We study the effect of spatial flows on stability and ecosystem functions, and provide simple metrics of connectivity that can predict these effects. Our results show that high rates of nutrient and herbivore movement can destabilize local ecosystem dynamics, leading to spatially heterogeneous equilibria or oscillations across the meta-ecosystem, with generally increased meta-ecosystem primary and secondary production. However, the onset and the spatial scale of these emergent dynamics depend heavily on the spatial structure of the meta-ecosystem and on the relative movement rate of the autotrophs. We show how this strong dependence on finite spatial structure eludes commonly used metrics of connectivity, but can be predicted by the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the connectivity matrix that describe the spatial structure and scale. Our study indicates the need to consider finite-size ecosystems in meta-ecosystem theory.
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Ferraz, Silvio, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Joannès Guillemot e Paula Meli. "On the Need to Differentiate the Temporal Trajectories of Ecosystem Structure and Functions in Restoration Programs". Tropical Conservation Science 13 (janeiro de 2020): 194008292091031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082920910314.
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Potential time lags between human-mediated disturbances and the subsequent responses of ecosystems are critical for planning and implementing conservation and restoration actions. In this context, decoupling between the temporal trajectories of ecosystems structure and functions is particularly critical. Here, we stand out the need to differentiate the temporal trajectories of ecosystem structure and functions to be considered in ecological restoration programs. In cases when ecosystem functions persist after the degradation of the ecosystem structure, and when functions do not recover at the same rate as structure, some kind of ecosystem functioning credits or debts can occur. In other situations, an ongoing loss of the ecosystem function can occur even in the absence of further disturbance. Ecosystem restoration outcomes could be optimized in regions with ecosystem functioning credit, since mitigating the decline in functioning will be more efficient than recovering functions in highly degraded conditions. Ecological restoration programs should not only focus on structure-derived indicators but they should also consider the dynamics of ecosystem functions to guide land-planning decision-making.
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Vishnyagova, Ekaterina, e Irina Solovieva. "IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURE AND FEATURES OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS". Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Economics and Management" 18, n.º 1 (2024): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em240107.
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In modern conditions of widespread digitalization and the introduction of sanctions restrictions, industrial enterprises need to be flexible and timely adapt to the current situation. In this regard, there is an urgent need to develop and implement new innovative ways of doing business, one of which is the creation of industrial ecosystems. The study aimed to analyze the functioning of ecosystems and identify the possible structure and principles of industrial ecosystems functioning. The key hypothesis of the study is the possibility of increasing the efficiency of domestic industrial enterprises by developing methodological support for the creation and functioning of industrial ecosystems in Russia. The methodological basis of the study is represented by the provisions of systems theory, digital economy and the concept of ecosystems. The research was carried out using methods of systematization, comparative and structural analysis. As a result, it presents the author's definition of an ecosystem, a system of principles for the functioning of an industrial ecosystem and the author's model of the composition and structure of industrial ecosystems. The author’s model being atomic in nature reflects the composition of the ecosystem, its interrelations, where the center is a base enterprise, uniting participating enterprises under its brand on the basis of a single digital platform to form a modular customer offer, expand boundaries, and increase competitiveness industry and ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country. The author's model of industrial ecosystems structure makes it possible to analyze the relationships between the elements of the ecosystem, see the composition (of all participants) of the ecosystem, as well as understand the essence of the work of industrial ecosystems from the inside, determine the key aspects of strategic planning and current operational management. The paper focuses on the need to assess the readiness of industrial enterprises for ecosystem transformation as a base enterprise or a participating enterprise, as well as the lack of approaches to assessing the effectiveness of industrial ecosystems functioning, which became a prerequisite for the development of the author’s approach and methodology on this issue. The theoretical significance of the study lies in increasing knowledge in the field of strategic planning and management of industrial enterprises and complexes.
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Dossena, Matteo, Gabriel Yvon-Durocher, Jonathan Grey, José M. Montoya, Daniel M. Perkins, Mark Trimmer e Guy Woodward. "Warming alters community size structure and ecosystem functioning". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, n.º 1740 (11 de abril de 2012): 3011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0394.
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Global warming can affect all levels of biological complexity, though we currently understand least about its potential impact on communities and ecosystems. At the ecosystem level, warming has the capacity to alter the structure of communities and the rates of key ecosystem processes they mediate. Here we assessed the effects of a 4°C rise in temperature on the size structure and taxonomic composition of benthic communities in aquatic mesocosms, and the rates of detrital decomposition they mediated. Warming had no effect on biodiversity, but altered community size structure in two ways. In spring, warmer systems exhibited steeper size spectra driven by declines in total community biomass and the proportion of large organisms. By contrast, in autumn, warmer systems had shallower size spectra driven by elevated total community biomass and a greater proportion of large organisms. Community-level shifts were mirrored by changes in decomposition rates. Temperature-corrected microbial and macrofaunal decomposition rates reflected the shifts in community structure and were strongly correlated with biomass across mesocosms. Our study demonstrates that the 4°C rise in temperature expected by the end of the century has the potential to alter the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems profoundly, as well as the intimate linkages between these levels of ecological organization.
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Biles, C. L., D. M. Paterson, R. B. Ford, M. Solan e D. G. Raffaelli. "Bioturbation, ecosystem functioning and community structure". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6, n.º 6 (31 de dezembro de 2002): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-999-2002.
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Abstract. The effect of community structure on the functioning of the ecosystem is an important issue in ecology due to continuing global species loss. The influence of infaunal community structure on the functioning of marine systems is proposed here to act primarily through bioturbation of the sediment. Nutrient concentration in the water column, generated by release from the sediment, was used as a measure of ecosystem functioning. In situ and laboratory experiments showed a significant difference in nutrient concentrations with different species treatments. Bioturbation profiles showing the incorporation of tracer particles also differed between communities with different dominant species. The behavioural differences between infaunal species, generating different modes and rates of bioturbation, are therefore proposed to influence nutrient release. The presence and quantity of bioturbating infauna also influenced the amount of sediment suspended in the water column. The increase in surface area available for microbial activity may generate an increase in nutrient cycling. Abiotic influences on sediment structure, such as flow, may have a similar effect on nutrient concentration. Annular flumes used in both laboratory and in situ experiments to generate flow conditions produced a significant increase in ammonia (NH4-N) production in macrofaunal treatments. Flow may influence the behaviour of macrofaunal species, causing changes in NH4-N production through modifying bioturbation of the sediment. Keywords: bioturbation, community structure, ccosystem functioning, estuaries, flow, infauna
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Dubnytskyi, V., T. Mishustina, O. Ovcharenko e N. Naumenko. "Special Features of Business Ecosystem Development in the Context of Digital Economy Transformation". Economic Herald of the Donbas, n.º 3 (73) (2023): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2023-3(73)-61-70.
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At work, the results of research by foreign scholars in the field of business ecosystems and digital platforms have been summarized. The evolution of the construction of business structures/ecosystems has been systematized. Strategic models of digital society transformation have been analyzed, specifically: the model of an economy "driven by technology" and the model of an economy "driven by the market." The main drivers of business ecosystem development in the context of digital transformation have been considered. The forms of functioning of business ecosystems in centralized and adaptive ecosystem conditions have been analyzed, highlighting differences based on criteria such as structure, partners, goals, conditions of use, strategic focus, relationship management, and impact on the central company. Distinctions between digital ecosystems and traditional business alliances, particularly clusters, have been outlined. The most relevant risks associated with ecosystem functioning have been discussed, including tax risk, strategic risk, business risk, compliance risk, technological risk, cyber risk, and reputational risk. The significance of customer experience in the functioning of a business ecosystem has been substantiated.
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Florenta, Veronica, Corina Certan, Nadejda Grabco e Constantin Bulimaga. "Relationships between ecosystem services provided by forest ecosystems and human well-being". Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Științe ale Naturii, n.º 1(171) (junho de 2024): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum1(171)2024_12.
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Current climate change trends significantly influenceing the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems, including forest ecosystems, which directly or indirectly affects human well-being. The present study consists in reviewing the specialized literature on the effects of the relationships between ecosystem services provided by forest ecosystems and human well-being, describing the following aspects: the definition of the concept of ecosystem services, their history, categories of ecosystem services and the relationship between them and human well-being. The concept of ecosystem services has become an important model of the link between forest ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Understanding this linkage is essential for a wide range of decision-making contexts for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. We conclude that humanity’s dependence on nature for well-being and survival is complex.
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Maleque, M. Abdul, Hiroaki T. Ishii e Kaoru Maeto. "The Use of Arthropods as Indicators of Ecosystem Integrity in Forest Management". Journal of Forestry 104, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2006): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/104.3.113.
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Abstract Arthropods play vital roles in various ecosystem functions and respond acutely to habitat manipulation. Diversity and community dynamics of arthropods are strongly correlated with ecosystem functioning. Arthropod community structure reflects habitat heterogeneity, as well as development and recovery of forest ecosystems after natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Arthropod community structure also reflects the degree of fragmentation and isolation of forest ecosystems on the landscape. Arthropods are good indicators of the overall biodiversity and ecosystem integrity of forests and can be used for evaluating and designing sound ecosystem management plans.
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Bundy, Alida, Lynne J. Shannon, Marie-Joëlle Rochet, Sergio Neira, Yunne-Jai Shin, Louize Hill e Kerim Aydin. "The good(ish), the bad, and the ugly: a tripartite classification of ecosystem trends". ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, n.º 4 (6 de janeiro de 2010): 745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp283.
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Abstract Bundy, A., Shannon, L. J., Rochet, M-J., Neira, S., Shin, Y-J., Hill, L., and Aydin, K. 2010. The good(ish), the bad, and the ugly: a tripartite classification of ecosystem trends. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 745–768. Marine ecosystems have been exploited for a long time, growing increasingly vulnerable to collapse and irreversible change. How do we know when an ecosystem may be in danger? A measure of the status of individual stocks is only a partial gauge of its status, and does not include changes at the broader ecosystem level, to non-commercial species or to its structure or functioning. Six ecosystem indicators measuring trends over time were collated for 19 ecosystems, corresponding to four ecological attributes: resource potential, ecosystem structure and functioning, conservation of functional biodiversity, and ecosystem stability and resistance to perturbations. We explored the use of a decision-tree approach, a definition of initial ecosystem state (impacted or non-impacted), and the trends in the ecosystem indicators to classify the ecosystems into improving, stationary, and deteriorating. Ecosystem experts classified all ecosystems as impacted at the time of their initial state. Of these, 15 were diagnosed as “ugly”, because they had deteriorated from an already impacted state. Several also exhibited specific combinations of trends indicating “fishing down the foodweb”, reduction in size structure, reduction in diversity and stability, and changed productivity. The classification provides an initial evaluation for scientists, resource managers, stakeholders, and the general public of the concerning status of ecosystems globally.
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WANG, Zhi-Heng, e Ling-Li LIU. "Ecosystem structure and functioning: current knowledge and perspectives". Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 45, n.º 10 (2021): 1033–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0370.
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Bruschetti, Martín. "Role of Reef-Building, Ecosystem Engineering Polychaetes in Shallow Water Ecosystems". Diversity 11, n.º 9 (17 de setembro de 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090168.
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Although the effect of ecosystem engineers in structuring communities is common in several systems, it is seldom as evident as in shallow marine soft-bottoms. These systems lack abiotic three-dimensional structures but host biogenic structures that play critical roles in controlling abiotic conditions and resources. Here I review how reef-building polychaetes (RBP) engineer their environment and affect habitat quality, thus regulating community structure, ecosystem functioning, and the provision of ecosystem services in shallow waters. The analysis focuses on different engineering mechanisms, such as hard substrate production, effects on hydrodynamics, and sediment transport, and impacts mediated by filter feeding and biodeposition. Finally, I deal with landscape-level topographic alteration by RBP. In conclusion, RBP have positive impacts on diversity and abundance of many species mediated by the structure of the reef. Additionally, by feeding on phytoplankton and decreasing water turbidity, RBP can control primary production, increase light penetration, and might alleviate the effects of eutrophication affecting supporting ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling. They can also modulate cultural ecosystem services by affecting recreational activities (e.g., negative impacts on boating and angling, increased value of sites as birdwatching sites). Acknowledging the multiplicity of synergistic and antagonistic effects of RBP on ecosystems and linking changes in habitat structure, filter-feeding activities, and biodeposition to ecosystem services are essential for effective decision-making regarding their management and restoration.
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Maestre, F. T. "Linking the spatial patterns of organisms and abiotic factors to ecosystem function and management: insights from semi-arid environments". Web Ecology 6, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2006): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-6-75-2006.
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Abstract. Numerous theoretical and modeling studies have demonstrated the ecological significance of the spatial patterning of organisms on ecosystem functioning and dynamics. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence that quantitatively shows how changes in the spatial patterns of the organisms forming biotic communities are directly related to ecosystem structure and functioning. In this article, I review a series of experiments and observational studies conducted in semi-arid environments from Spain (degraded calcareous shrubland, steppes dominated by Stipa tenacissima, and gypsum shrublands) to: 1) evaluate whether the spatial patterns of the dominant biotic elements in the community are linked to ecosystem structure and functioning, and 2) test if these patterns, and those of abiotic factors, can be used to improve ecosystem restoration. In the semiarid steppes we found a significant positive relationship between the spatial pattern of the perennial plant community and: i) the water status of S. tenacissima and ii) perennial species richness and diversity. Experimental plantings conducted in these steppes showed that S. tenacissima facilitated the establishment of shrub seedlings, albeit the magnitude and direction of this effect was dependent on rainfall conditions during the first yr after planting. In the gypsum shrubland, a significant, direct relationship between the spatial pattern of the biological soil crusts and surrogates of ecosystem functioning (soil bulk density and respiration) was found. In a degraded shrubland with very low vegetation cover, the survival of an introduced population of the shrub Pistacia lentiscus showed marked spatial patterns, which were related to the spatial patterns of soil properties such as soil compaction and sand content. These results provide empirical evidence on the importance of spatial patterns for maintaining ecosystem structure and functioning in semi-arid ecosystems. Furthermore, they show how taking into consideration the small-scale spatial patterns of organisms and abiotic factors, their restoration can be improved.
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Bogachev, Yu S., e P. V. Trifonov. "A SINGLE DIGITAL SPACE FOR THE EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF INDUSTRY". Strategic decisions and risk management 13, n.º 4 (17 de fevereiro de 2023): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2022-4-376-383.
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The article is devoted to the development of the concept of a single digital space for the effective functioning of the industry. A new model of industrial production organisation, the platform ecosystem are analysed. The analysis of the theoretical concepts of the world economy on its structure, the system of organisation of interaction between ecosystem participants, factors affecting its dynamic development is given. It is shown that digital technologies play an essential role in the organisation of the ecosystem. At the same time, digitalisation occurs in two directions: the creation of the digital space of the enterprise participating in the ecosystem and the creation of the digital space of the ecosystem of industrial production.The analysis of the use of digital technologies in various industries is given. The rating of the use of digital technologies in industry is discussed. The analysis of the factors constraining the process of digitalisation of the industry of the Russian Federation is given. The concept of ecosystem, presented in the world literature, and its functional and organisational features are analysed.The influence of institutional conditions on the functional characteristics of the ecosystem is discussed. The ecosystem management system affects the economic and technological efficiency of each ecosystem participant. The prospects for the development of ecosystems based on platforms are shown.The ability of the Russian manufacturing industry to adapt digital technologies and the organisation of modern forms of production on their basis are analysed. It is demonstrated that the potential of modern production of complex multicomponent products is determined by the ability to scale based on industry 4.0 technologies. At the same time, most of the enterprises fulfill individual orders of consumers and do not participate in the production chains of such products.The tasks necessary for the organisation of breakthrough development of manufacturing enterprises in Russia are formulated. For modern organisational forms of the manufacturing industry a non-departmental management body is proposed. Its structure and functions are discussed.
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Bell, Thomas. "Next-generation experiments linking community structure and ecosystem functioning". Environmental Microbiology Reports 11, n.º 1 (26 de novembro de 2018): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12711.
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Yu, Qiang, Quansheng Chen, James J. Elser, Nianpeng He, Honghui Wu, Guangming Zhang, Jianguo Wu, Yongfei Bai e Xingguo Han. "Linking stoichiometric homoeostasis with ecosystem structure, functioning and stability". Ecology Letters 13, n.º 11 (16 de setembro de 2010): 1390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01532.x.
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Blanco, Guillermo, Fernando Hiraldo, Abraham Rojas, Francisco V. Dénes e José L. Tella. "Parrots as key multilinkers in ecosystem structure and functioning". Ecology and Evolution 5, n.º 18 (setembro de 2015): 4141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1663.
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Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel, e Andrew P. Allen. "Linking community size structure and ecosystem functioning using metabolic theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, n.º 1605 (5 de novembro de 2012): 2998–3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0246.
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Understanding how biogeochemical cycles relate to the structure of ecological communities is a central research question in ecology. Here we approach this problem by focusing on body size, which is an easily measured species trait that has a pervasive influence on multiple aspects of community structure and ecosystem functioning. We test the predictions of a model derived from metabolic theory using data on ecosystem metabolism and community size structure. These data were collected as part of an aquatic mesocosm experiment that was designed to simulate future environmental warming. Our analyses demonstrate significant linkages between community size structure and ecosystem functioning, and the effects of warming on these links. Specifically, we show that carbon fluxes were significantly influenced by seasonal variation in temperature, and yielded activation energies remarkably similar to those predicted based on the temperature dependencies of individual-level photosynthesis and respiration. We also show that community size structure significantly influenced fluxes of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production, particularly at the annual time-scale. Assessing size structure and the factors that control it, both empirically and theoretically, therefore promises to aid in understanding links between individual organisms and biogeochemical cycles, and in predicting the responses of key ecosystem functions to future environmental change.
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Damptey, Frederick Gyasi, Klaus Birkhofer, Imma Oliveras Menor e Enrique G. de la Riva. "The Functional Structure of Tropical Plant Communities and Soil Properties Enhance Ecosystem Functioning and Multifunctionality in Different Ecosystems in Ghana". Forests 13, n.º 2 (12 de fevereiro de 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020297.
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Plant functional traits are useful in tracking changes in the environment, and play an important role in determining ecosystem functioning. The relationship between plant functional traits and ecosystem functioning remains unclear, although there is growing evidence on this relationship. In this study, we tested whether the functional structure of vegetation has significant effects on the provision of ecosystem services. We analysed plant trait composition (specific leaf area, leaf carbon and nitrogen ratio, isotopic carbon fraction, stem dry matter content, seed mass and plant height), soil parameters (nutrients, pH, bulk density) and proxies of ecosystem services (carbon stock, decomposition rate, invertebrate activity) in twenty-four plots in three tropical ecosystems (active restored and natural forests and an agroforestry system) in Ghana. For each plot, we measured above-ground biomass, decomposition rates of leaves and invertebrate activity as proxies for the provision of ecosystem services to evaluate (i) whether there were differences in functional composition and soil properties and their magnitude between ecosystem types. We further aimed to (ii) determine whether the functional structure and/or soil parameters drove ecosystem functions and multifunctionality in the three ecosystem types. For functional composition, both the leaf economic spectrum and seed mass dimension clearly separated the ecosystem types. The natural forest was more dominated by acquisitive plants than the other two ecosystem types, while the non-natural forests (agroforest and restored forest) showed higher variation in the functional space. The natural forest had higher values of soil properties than the restored forest and the agroforestry system, with the differences between the restored and agroforestry systems driven by bulk density. Levels of ecosystem service proxies and multifunctionality were positively related to the functional richness of forest plots and were mainly explained by the differences in site conditions. Our study demonstrated the effects of functional forest structure on ecosystem services in different forest ecosystems located in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana.
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Li, Yunkai, Yong Chen, Derek Olson, Na Yu e Liqiao Chen. "Evaluating ecosystem structure and functioning of the East China Sea Shelf ecosystem, China". Hydrobiologia 636, n.º 1 (23 de outubro de 2009): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9964-9.
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Kalenov, О. Е. "Business-Model Transformation: from Classical Organization to Ecosystem". Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, n.º 3 (13 de maio de 2020): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2020-3-124-131.
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Today’s business-environment is characterized by fast changes, serious diversity and tightening connection between its elements. These factors typical of this environment require new approaches to transformation of existing business-models. Perceiving conceptual description of entrepreneurial activity in the light of ecosystem, organizations can ensure their survival and at the same time raise the efficiency of their functioning. The article also studies processes of interaction and interdependence of organizations, their ecosystems and business-environment. The author identifies a number of characteristics, which are obligatory for ecosystem for successful functioning in the turbulent social and economic environment: heterogeneity, modality, redundancy, adaptation, pro-activity, confidentiality. Special attention during transformation processes of business-models towards ecosystems is paid to shaping a relative system of management, organizational structure and corporate culture. A specific role of the ecosystem leader is underlined, which determines its development and key rules of the ecosystem center (its driver) are shown and advantages of all its participants are described. The author characterizes the current stage of the ecosystem development and shows possible prospects of their shaping.
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Bauer, S., e B. J. Hoye. "Migratory Animals Couple Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Worldwide". Science 344, n.º 6179 (3 de abril de 2014): 1242552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1242552.
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Animal migrations span the globe, involving immense numbers of individuals from a wide range of taxa. Migrants transport nutrients, energy, and other organisms as they forage and are preyed upon throughout their journeys. These highly predictable, pulsed movements across large spatial scales render migration a potentially powerful yet underappreciated dimension of biodiversity that is intimately embedded within resident communities. We review examples from across the animal kingdom to distill fundamental processes by which migratory animals influence communities and ecosystems, demonstrating that they can uniquely alter energy flow, food-web topology and stability, trophic cascades, and the structure of metacommunities. Given the potential for migration to alter ecological networks worldwide, we suggest an integrative framework through which community dynamics and ecosystem functioning may explicitly consider animal migrations.
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Burova, A. Yu. "Digital Ecosystem as a Way of Doing Business: Legal Perspective". Actual Problems of Russian Law 18, n.º 11 (16 de outubro de 2023): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2023.156.11.111-117.
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The paper examines the digital ecosystem as a way of doing business, and highlights the elements that make up the digital ecosystem: the digital environment, subjects — participants in the ecosystem, products sold. The author analyzed Russian digital services that can be classified as digital ecosystems. It is established that it is possible to speak about business ecosystems, the functioning of which is aimed at making a profit, and ecosystems that do not have a commercial purpose. Based on the analysis, the elements of the ecosystem are determined, which include: the holding company and other companies that manage the digital ecosystem; digital platform operators; partners of digital platform operators who sell their products through digital platforms; ecosystem users who consume partner products and intermediary services of digital platform operators. The author concludes that the features of the digital ecosystem associated with its structure should determine the content of future legislative regulation of digital ecosystems, which is in its infancy.
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Solan, Martin, Ellie R. Ward, Christina L. Wood, Adam J. Reed, Laura J. Grange e Jasmin A. Godbold. "Climate-driven benthic invertebrate activity and biogeochemical functioning across the Barents Sea polar front". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, n.º 2181 (31 de agosto de 2020): 20190365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0365.
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Arctic marine ecosystems are undergoing rapid correction in response to multiple expressions of climate change, but the consequences of altered biodiversity for the sequestration, transformation and storage of nutrients are poorly constrained. Here, we determine the bioturbation activity of sediment-dwelling invertebrate communities over two consecutive summers that contrasted in sea-ice extent along a transect intersecting the polar front. We find a clear separation in community composition at the polar front that marks a transition in the type and amount of bioturbation activity, and associated nutrient concentrations, sufficient to distinguish a southern high from a northern low. While patterns in community structure reflect proximity to arctic versus boreal conditions, our observations strongly suggest that faunal activity is moderated by seasonal variations in sea ice extent that influence food supply to the benthos. Our observations help visualize how a climate-driven reorganization of the Barents Sea benthic ecosystem may be expressed, and emphasize the rapidity with which an entire region could experience a functional transformation. As strong benthic-pelagic coupling is typical across most parts of the Arctic shelf, the response of these ecosystems to a changing climate will have important ramifications for ecosystem functioning and the trophic structure of the entire food web. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.
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Belkacem, El Amrani. "Aspects of the rhizospheric microbiota and their interactions with the soil ecosystem". Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 26, n.º 5 (3 de setembro de 2022): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-22-54.
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Soil microbial communities play a key role in the evolution of the rhizosphere. In addition, proper exploration of these microbial resources represents a promising strategy that guarantees the health and sustainability of all ecosystems connected to the ground. Under the influence of environmental conditions, microbial communities can change compositions in terms of abundance and diversity. Beyond the descriptive level, the current orientation of microbial ecology is to link these structures to the functioning of ecosystems; specifically, to understand the effect of environmental factors on the functional structure of microbial communities in ecosystems. This review focuses on the main interactions between the indigenous soil microflora and the major constituents of the rhizosphere to understand, on the one hand, how microbial biodiversity can improve plant growth and maintain homeostasis of the rhizospheric ecosystem, on the other hand, how the maintenance and enrichment of plant biodiversity can contribute to the conservation of soil microbial diversity; knowing that these microorganisms are also controlled by the abiotic properties of the soil. Overall, understanding the dynamics of the rhizosphere microbiome is essential for developing innovative strategies in the field of protecting and maintaining the proper functioning of the soil ecosystem.
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P. Cazorla, Beatriz, Pedro P. Garcillán, Javier Cabello, Domingo Alcaraz-Segura, Andrés Reyes e Julio Peñas. "Patterns of ecosystem functioning as tool for biological regionalization: the case of the Mediterranean-desert-tropical transition of Baja California". Mediterranean Botany 42 (27 de outubro de 2021): e68529. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mbot.68529.
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Large-scale ecological variations across Earth have important consequences for biodiversity and, therefore, forbiological conservation. Despite the widespread use of ecological maps in conservation schemes, they have been based mainly on structural and compositional features but scarcely on functional dimensions of life. Incorporating functional variables complements and improves the descriptions of regionalizations and offers a new understanding of biodiversity patterns. The development of remote sensing measurement allows for the description of the functional patterns of ecosystems through Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs), opening new opportunities to analyze the geography of life. This article aims to examine the relationships between ecological regionalization based on components and structure and patterns of ecosystem functioning. As proof of case, we chose the Baja California peninsula, whose singularity has generated a rich variety of ecological and biogeographical interpretations, mainly based on ecosystem components and structure. We hypothesize that patterns in ecosystem functioning reflect ecoregionalization based on composition and structure features. We identified Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs), from three descriptors of the seasonal curves of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from 2001 to 2017. We characterized each ecoregion in terms of ecosystem functioning and we carried out a correspondence analysis between the EFTs classification and the ecoregions. At a large scale, EFTs showed a pattern with three general regions from northwest to south, capturing the north-south transition of climatic regimes shown in the ecoregions map, from the northwestern Mediterranean area to the southern tropical zone, with a desert transition area between them. However, differences between the functional characterization and some ecoregions were detected in ecoregions identified as discrepancy areas between authors. In particular, some ecoregions considered Mediterranean showed a Desert character in its functioning, and others considered as Desert were Tropical functionally. EFTs remotely sensed measured at regional scales provide the basis for a more comprehensive regionalization of geographical patterns of life and, therefore, an improvement for future conservation purposes.
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Badora, Krzysztof, e Radosław Wróbel. "Changes in the Spatial Structure of the Landscape of Isolated Forest Complexes in the 19th and 20th Centuries and Their Potential Effects on Supporting Ecosystem Services Related to the Protection of Biodiversity Using the Example of the Niemodlin Forests (SW Poland)". Sustainability 12, n.º 10 (21 de maio de 2020): 4237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104237.
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This study assesses the changes in the spatial structure of the landscape between 1825 and 2019 in the isolated, protected forest complex of the Niemodlin Forests. Based on the analysis of changes in this structure, a change the supporting ecosystem services related to the protection of biodiversity was proposed. The landscape metrics were used separately for the analysis of the structure of the whole landscape, and individual types of ecosystems were used in the research. There were no major changes in the share of individual types of ecosystems during the period under review. At the same time, a very large increase in built-up areas and tree stands was found in 1825. Landscape metrics point to internal changes in the landscape composition, which is important for the functioning of the landscape and is related to the fragmentation and increasing isolation of ecosystems. Changes in the share of the surface of individual types of ecosystems in the landscape do not provide enough information about the actual structural and functional changes and ongoing ecosystem support services. There has been ecosystem degradation that is associated with freshwater habitats—surface waters, marshlands, meadows and pastures, as well as ecosystem support services related to these habitats. Changes in the spatial structure of the landscape cannot be solely deduced on the basis of changes in landscape metrics that are calculated for the whole landscape. Changes in the spatial composition of individual groups of ecosystems should be analyzed. Landscape metrics are very helpful in studying changes in the structure and function of ecosystem services.
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Larsen, Trond H., Neal M. Williams e Claire Kremen. "Extinction order and altered community structure rapidly disrupt ecosystem functioning". Ecology Letters 8, n.º 5 (12 de abril de 2005): 538–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00749.x.
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Wiederkehr, Fabienne, Clare L. Wilkinson, Yiwen Zeng, Darren C. J. Yeo, Robert M. Ewers e Eoin J. O'Gorman. "Urbanisation affects ecosystem functioning more than structure in tropical streams". Biological Conservation 249 (setembro de 2020): 108634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108634.
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Lamont, Byron B. "Testing the Effect of Ecosystem Composition/Structure on Its Functioning". Oikos 74, n.º 2 (novembro de 1995): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3545658.
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Pusceddu, Antonio, Marianna Mea, Cristina Gambi, Silvia Bianchelli, Miquel Canals, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, Antoni Calafat et al. "Ecosystem effects of dense water formation on deep Mediterranean Sea ecosystems: an overview". Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 1, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2010): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2010.5295.
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Natural episodic events, such as gravity flows, submarine landslides, and benthic storms can determine severe modifications in the structure and functioning of deep-sea ecosystems. Here, we report and compare the ecosystem effects produced by dense water formation events that occurred in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean) and the Aegean Sea (NE Mediterranean). In both regions, the rapid sinking of cold dense waters, driven by regional meteorological forcings, results in important immediate modifications that can be summarised in: (i) increased organic matter content in the deep basin; (ii) diminished benthic abundance; and (iii) changes of benthic biodiversity. At longer time scale the analysis reveals, however, different resilience times in the two regions. The Gulf of Lions is characterized by a very fast (months) recovery whereas the Aegean Sea shows much longer (45 years) resilience time. New long-term studies are further needed to identify the potential effects that changes in the duration, intensity and frequency of episodic events could have on the structure, biodiversity and functioning of the deep Mediterranean Sea under environmental and climate change scenarios.
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Singh, Nitesh Kumar, e Avinash Kumar Rai. "Unraveling the Complex Dynamics of Soil Microbiome Diversity and Its Implications for Ecosystem Functioning: A Comprehensive Review". Microbiology Research Journal International 34, n.º 3 (2 de abril de 2024): 17–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31434.
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Soil microbiome diversity plays a pivotal role in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and the myriad functions. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate dynamics of soil microbial communities, exploring their composition, interactions, and responses to environmental factors. By synthesizing findings from cutting-edge research, we aim to elucidate the complex interplay between soil microbiome diversity and ecosystem functioning. We discuss the application of advanced techniques, such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis, which have revolutionized our understanding of soil microbial diversity. The review highlights the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, including plant diversity, soil properties, climate, and land-use practices, on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. We examine the mechanisms through which soil microbes drive critical ecosystem processes, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and plant productivity. The review also explores the resilience and adaptability of soil microbial communities in the face of global change pressures, such as climate change, land-use intensification, and biodiversity loss. We discuss the potential implications of altered soil microbiome diversity for ecosystem functioning and the provision of essential ecosystem services. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to advance our understanding of soil microbiome diversity and its role in maintaining healthy and productive ecosystems. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex dynamics of soil microbiome diversity and underscores its critical importance in shaping the functioning and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world.
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Larionov, Valery Glebovich, Elena N. Sheremetyeva e Larisa A. Gorshkova. "Innovative ecosystems in digital economy". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2021, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-1-49-56.
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The article examines the formation and management of innovative ecosystems in the digital economy. Approaches to determining and content of the term “innovation ecosystem” are analyzed, the specifics and conditions of management of innovative ecosystems are investigated. There has been analyzed the concept of ecosystem as a complex self-organizing, self-regulating, self-sufficient system. There have been considered the research works devoted to innovative systems. The innovation ecosystems are viewed by scientists as the effective cooperation mechanisms aimed at combining individual proposals from different firms into a single customer-oriented proposal. In terms of a systematic approach the innovation ecosystem is defined as a living social organism, which is continuously changing under the influence of agents' behavior and the business units of the ecosystem. One of the key conditions for effective functioning of the innovation ecosystem is the use of innovation management methods. The choice or combination of ways to interact to manage an ecosystem depends on three things: the ecosystem strategy, the market environment, and the general risk appetite of agents and business units. An important aspect of ecosystem management is training of qualified personnel with a completely new type of thinking. Ecosystem manageability is found to dependent on the ability of professionals to adapt to the rapidly changing economic conditions and to continuously improve their skills. It has been inferred that the innovation ecosystem is a complex production and commercial structure, the functioning of which is associated with the unification of various kinds of business units, educational and scientific organizations to develop innovative products and services using advanced technologies, including digital ones.
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De, Mitu, Chayanika Roy, Suchismita Medda, Sulagna Roy e Santi Ranjan Dey. "Diverse role of Macrophytes in aquatic ecosystems: A brief review". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 19 (30 de agosto de 2019): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2019.v19.005.
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The aquatic ecosystem is composed of aquatic flora and fauna which interact together in maintaining the aquatic ecosystem. Aquatic macrophytes are macroscopic forms of aquatic vegetation, including macro algae, mosses, ferns and angiosperms found in aquatic habitat. Macrophytes of freshwater ecosystems have diverse roles to play in the structure and functioning of these aquatic ecosystems. The depth, density, diversity and types of macrophytes present in a system are indicators of water body health. Aquatic vegetation can influence the water quality too. Macrophytes are considered as an important component of the aquatic ecosystem as the habitat and food source for aquatic life. Of all the biological treatments for controlling eutrophication, submerged macrophytes, has been recognized as being the most effective. This paper is a brief review of the diverse role of macrophytes in an aquatic ecosystem.
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Yan, Hui, e Guixiang Liu. "Fire’s Effects on Grassland Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation". Sustainability 13, n.º 21 (30 de outubro de 2021): 12016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112016.
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Ecosystem succession and biodiversity change associated with grassland fires are crucial for the patterns and dynamics of ecosystem functioning and services. The reactions to fire by different grassland types vary diversely, and are determined by certain species assemblages and environments. However, there are still uncertainties concerning the role of fire in affecting grassland ecosystems and how the effects are sustained. By conducting a bibliometric analysis of related articles indexed in the Web of Science between 1984 and 2020, we firstly described the general trend of these articles over the recent decades (1984–2020). The major research progress in the effects of fire on grassland ecosystems was then systematically summarized based on three levels (individual level, community level, and ecosystem level) with eight topics. We concluded that strong persistence or resistance of adapted individuals facilitated community conversion to a novel environment, which temporally and spatially interacted with ecological factors. The novel habitats could maintain more frequent fires and change an ecosystem structure and functioning. Nonetheless, the transformation of ecosystem states will present more uncertainties on prospective succession trajectories, global carbon storage, and subsequent biodiversity conservation. This review is important to flourish biodiversity, as well as aid conservation policies and strategy making.
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Wild, Christian, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Malik S. Naumann, M. Florencia Colombo-Pallotta, Mebrahtu Ateweberhan, William K. Fitt, Roberto Iglesias-Prieto et al. "Climate change impedes scleractinian corals as primary reef ecosystem engineers". Marine and Freshwater Research 62, n.º 2 (2011): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10254.
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Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on our planet. Scleractinian corals function as the primary reef ecosystem engineers, constructing the framework that serves as a habitat for all other coral reef-associated organisms. However, the coral’s engineering role is particularly susceptible to global climate change. Ocean warming can cause extensive mass coral bleaching, which triggers dysfunction of major engineering processes. Sub-lethal bleaching results in the reduction of both primary productivity and coral calcification. This may lead to changes in the release of organic and inorganic products, thereby altering critical biogeochemical and recycling processes in reef ecosystems. Thermal stress-induced bleaching and subsequent coral mortality, along with ocean acidification, further lead to long-term shifts in benthic community structure, changes in topographic reef complexity, and the modification of reef functioning. Such shifts may cause negative feedback loops and further modification of coral-derived inorganic and organic products. This review emphasises the critical role of scleractinian corals as reef ecosystem engineers and highlights the control of corals over key reef ecosystem goods and services, including high biodiversity, coastal protection, fishing, and tourism. Thus, climate change by impeding coral ecosystem engineers will impair the ecosystem functioning of entire reefs.
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Harbour, RP, CR Smith, C. Simon-Nutbrown, M. Cecchetto, E. Young, C. Coral e AK Sweetman. "Biodiversity, community structure and ecosystem function on kelp and wood falls in the Norwegian deep sea". Marine Ecology Progress Series 657 (7 de janeiro de 2021): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13541.
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Fjordic systems in temperate and Arctic regions often feature extensive kelp forests at their shallow coastal margins as well as extensive terrestrial forests. Detrital export from these shallow-water and terrestrial ecosystems is an important source of carbon for deep-sea communities in the form of kelp and wood falls. Benthic landers with experimental substrates (wood blocks and kelp parcels) were deployed for 10 mo at a depth of 530 m in a deep Norwegian fjord to investigate and compare macro- and megabenthic community structure, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning on kelp and wood falls. Results revealed that while wood and kelp falls can support a similar number of species and abundance of fauna, they support significantly different faunal communities. Biomass and secondary production on both wood and kelp substrates were significantly greater than in the control samples. Secondary production estimates were similar or higher than those reported from soft-sediment ecosystems at shallower European marine sites. Biological trait analysis showed that macrofaunal assemblages were distinct between the kelp and wood, providing evidence for differences in ecosystem function between the substrates. This case study from a deep-sea fjord in Norway provides clear evidence that while wood and kelp organic falls can support similar abundances of fauna, the associated benthic biodiversity, community structure and ecosystem functioning can be dramatically different between these substrates. The work presented here aims to provide information that is useful in assessing the extent of anthropogenic impacts on deep fjord ecosystems with respect to informing future conservation and management strategies.
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Haro, Daniela, Sergio Neira, Juan Carlos Hernández-Padilla, Francisco Arreguín-Sánchez, Pablo Sabat e Cristian Vargas. "Approaching the Ecological Role of the Squat Lobster (Munida gregaria) and the Fuegian Sprat (Sprattus fuegensis) in the Francisco Coloane Marine Area (Magellan Strait, Chile) Using a Pelagic Food Web Model". Animals 13, n.º 1 (20 de dezembro de 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010003.
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The structure and functioning of the food web of the Francisco Coloane Marine Area in the Magellan Strait, Chile, was quantified, with an emphasis on identifying the ecological role of the squat lobster (Munida gregaria) and the Fuegian sprat (Sprattus fuegensis). Food web indicators, the trophic level, and centrality indices were estimated using Ecopath with Ecosim. Dynamic simulations were carried out to evaluate the ecosystem impacts of biomass changes in squat lobster and Fuegian sprat. The model calculated a total ecosystem biomass of 71.7 t km−2 and a total primary production of 2450.9 t km−2 year−1. Squat lobster and Fuegian sprat were located in specific trophic levels of 2.3 and 2.7, respectively. Squat lobster reduction produced a decrease in the biomass of red cod (42–56%) and humpback whales (25–28%) and Fuegian sprat reduction a decrease in penguins (15–37%) and seabirds (11–34%). The Francisco Coloane Area is an immature ecosystem with productivity and energy flows values within those reported for productive ecosystems; the role of the squat lobster seems to be related to the structure of the food web, and the role of the Fuegian sprat seems to be related to the functioning of the ecosystem and to the energy transfer to top predators.
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Lassalle, Géraldine, Jérémy Lobry, François Le Loc'h, Steven Mackinson, Francisco Sanchez, Maciej Tomasz Tomczak e Nathalie Niquil. "Ecosystem status and functioning: searching for rules of thumb using an intersite comparison of food-web models of Northeast Atlantic continental shelves". ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, n.º 1 (2 de novembro de 2012): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss168.
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Abstract Lassalle, G., Lobry, J., Le Loc'h, F., Mackinson, S., Sanchez, F., Tomczak, M. T., and Niquil, N. 2013. Ecosystem status and functioning: searching for rules of thumb using an intersite comparison of food-web models of Northeast Atlantic continental shelves. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:135–149. This work aimed to provide a better understanding of how the structure and function of marine ecosystems and trophic control mechanisms influence their response to perturbations. Comparative analysis of Ecopath models of four Northeast Atlantic ecosystems was used to search for rules of thumb defining the similarities and differences between them. Ecosystem indicators, related to the ecology of species interactions, were derived from these models and compared. Two main questions were addressed. (i) What are the main energy pathways and mechanisms of control? (ii) Do these ecosystems exhibit the widespread and potentially stabilizing food-web structure such that top predators couple distinct energy pathways? A strong bentho-pelagic coupling operated over the Bay of Biscay Shelf, while energy reached higher trophic levels mostly through pelagic compartments, in northern areas. Zooplankton was demonstrated to be trophically important in all ecosystems, acting as a regulator of the abundance of small pelagic fish. A latitudinal pattern in flow control was highlighted by this analysis, with a significant contribution of top-down effect at higher latitudes. This top-down control of the Baltic Sea, combined with the fact that this ecosystem did not exhibit the potentially stabilizing two-channel structure, suggested a non-stable environment.
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Kalenov, O. E. "Mechanism of Managing Digital Ecosystem Development". Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, n.º 6 (6 de dezembro de 2022): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2022-6-162-173.
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When economic landscape is changing both ecosystems development and their effective management became very important. The author shows goals, objectives and principles necessary for effective functioning of the mechanism of managing ecosystem development and highlights the sum total of criteria providing digital ecosystem identification. The article underlines that managing ecosystem development can be possible only at the expense of coordinated efforts of macro- and micro-levels. The set of state regulatory tools includes antitrust measures, taxation system, steps aimed at protecting suppliers and customers, support of national ecosystems and suppliers, regulation of work with data and information, development of technological infrastructure and others. As for micro-economic tools the author underlines confidence-building inside the ecosystem, provision of mutual value creation, inter-branch focus, organizational structure, management system, organization culture, availability of relative competences in the ecosystem and flexible partner relations and integration based on API principles. In conclusion the author points out to the importance of developing digital ecosystems for all market participants and for national economy as a whole.
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Gimenez, Marie, e Julien Cucherousset. "Can habitat enhancement limit the ecological impacts of predatory fish stocking? An experimental approach". Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, n.º 425 (2024): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2024004.
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Fish stocking is a ubiquitous management measure in freshwater fisheries but it can induce important ecological impacts on communities and recipient ecosystems. Habitat enhancement might limit the ecological impacts of fish stocking by directly supporting biodiversity and helping to maintain ecosystem functioning. In the present, we used a mesocosm experiment to assess whether habitat enhancement, through the addition of coarse woody habitat (CWH) in the form of thin branches bundled or within an iron cage, can limit the impact of stocking of a predatory fish, juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus nigricans, on prey communities and ecosystem functioning. Results demonstrated that, prior to stocking, there was overall no significant effect of habitat enhancement on zooplankton communities and a strong effect on benthic macroinvertebrate communities that was associated with a decrease in the decomposition rate of organic matter in mesocosms containing caged-CWH. We also found that the stocking of juvenile largemouth bass significantly affected the structure of zooplankton communities while we did not observe significant effects on macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystem functioning. This effect on zooplankton community structure was compensated by habitat enhancement, notably when using caged-CWH. This study showed that habitat enhancement alone may not be sufficient to compensate the potential effects of predatory fish stocking, and that the choice of materials used to enhance habitats is fundamental in driving the efficiency.
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Babkin, Alexandr Vasil'evich, Irina Vladimirovna Liberman, Pavel Mihaylovich Klachek e Elena Vitaievna Shkarupeta. "Industry 5.0: principles of creating system tetrad of cybersocial ecosystems". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2023, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2023): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2023-1-103-120.
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The internal structure of the ecosystem is isomorphic to the structure of the tetrad - a complex of four stably interacting systems: object, environment, process and project. The system paradigm proposed by G. B. Kleiner (the essence, concept, features and structure of socio-economic ecosystems are studied) makes it possible to identify the features of ecosystems of various types and purposes, to determine the natural system structure of ecosystems, to reveal the essence of the processes of interaction of ecosystem components with each other and with the external environment, to effectively represent functioning and interaction of system components for a wide class of socio-economic ecosystems of Industry 4.0. Currently, Europe and Russia are actively discussing the next mega-stage of the socio-economic development of mankind - the concept of Industry 5.0 and the cyber-social ecosystems corresponding to this concept. The results of the application of G. B. Kleiner’s ecosystem tetrad to describe cyber-social ecosystems as strategic objects of Industry 5.0 are presented. Based on the model of neuro-digital intelligence of the tools of strategic goal-setting and planning of Industry 5.0, a formal model of the system tetrad of cyber-social ecosystems is proposed, which is the development of the ecosystem tetrad of socio-economic systems proposed by G. B. Kleiner. The applied researches and approbation of the developed methods, models and tools, the system tetrad of cybersocial ecosystems were carried out using the example of creating the Starbase cybersocial ecosystem by SpaceX. The experience of development presented in the architecture studies of the system tetrad of the Starbase cybersocial ecosystem can be successfully generalized and applied in a large number of different companies, in various fields of activity: rocket science, mechanical engineering, military-industrial sector, etc. The presented Kleiner-Babkin system tetrad is a universal archetypal model of cyber-social ecosystems Industry 5.0 creating fundamentally new opportunities for research in this area.
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Panikkar, Preetha, M. Feroz Khan, U. K. Sarkar e B. K. Das. "Changing foodwebs of Indian aquatic ecosystems under the threats of invasive species: An overview". Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2021): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.02.06.
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Abstract Biological invasions are a worldwide threat to the aquatic systems and have the potential to homogenize entire foodwebs and shift species abundance distributions to more skewed ones. Invasion impacts include effects on the foodweb structure and ecosystem functioning leading to a loss in native fish biodiversity and commercially important fisheries in many open water systems. The impacts of invasives are generally devastating as they spread in the foodweb with each species potentially interacting with multiple species. The foodweb modeling studies conducted in different inland aquatic ecosystems show that not all exotics cause a detrimental effect on the resilience of an ecosystem. Information on the foodweb structure and ecosystem properties is a prerequisite for formulating management protocols for conserving biodiversity, enhancement programmes and sustaining fisheries. The present paper reviews the impacts of invasive fishes in Indian aquatic ecosystems in the context of a changing foodweb scenario due to exotic fish species invasions. The information generated here could be applied for future research on similar ecosystems for deducing management actions.
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Matthews, Blake, Rebecca J. Best, Philine G. D. Feulner, Anita Narwani e Romana Limberger. "Evolution as an ecosystem process: insights from genomics". Genome 61, n.º 4 (abril de 2018): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0044.
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Evolution is a fundamental ecosystem process. The study of genomic variation of organisms can not only improve our understanding of evolutionary processes, but also of contemporary and future ecosystem dynamics. We argue that integrative research between the fields of genomics and ecosystem ecology could generate new insights. Specifically, studies of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, evolutionary rescue, and eco-evolutionary dynamics could all benefit from information about variation in genome structure and the genetic architecture of traits, whereas genomic studies could benefit from information about the ecological context of evolutionary dynamics. We propose new ways to help link research on functional genomic diversity with (reciprocal) interactions between phenotypic evolution and ecosystem change. Despite numerous challenges, we anticipate that the wealth of genomic data being collected on natural populations will improve our understanding of ecosystems.
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FOMISHYNA, VIRA, PETRO GUDS, NADIIA FEDOROVA e IRYNA PLIUSHCHYK. "ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN THE TRANSITION ECONOMY: THE CASE OF SOUTHERN REGION OF UKRAINE". Academic Review 2, n.º 59 (18 de julho de 2023): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-1.
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This paper aims to analyse and evaluate the state of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of international business in the transition economy based on the evidence of the southern region of Ukraine. The tasks of the study are (i) to identify the presence of components of the international business ecosystem and their quality depending on the level of development of the transition economy (policy, markets, finance, human capital, culture, support); (ii) to assess the current state of the components of the international business ecosystem; (iii) to identify constraining factors for the functioning of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem for their further consideration when adjusting the trajectory of the development of the transition economy. The model of Isenberg was used to observe the structure of the ecosystem. The international ratings (KOF Index of Globalization, Global Competitiveness Index, Doing Business, etc.), the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, national laws, etc. were used for the qualitative measurement of the ecosystem performance. An online survey was conducted to assess the current state of the ecosystem and to identify the restraining factors of its functioning. The research results demonstrate that all domains of an international business ecosystem are in the process of formation. 80% of respondents rated domains’ performance at three points on a 5-point scale, indicating poor functioning the ecosystem. The respondents of the survey represent several industries but mostly agro-industrial complex. The restraining factors are ineffective government policy; business-unfriendly legislation; limited access to the infrastructure; insecurity of property rights; inefficient business support systems, etc. The research results show that almost all components of the ecosystem are less efficient in Ukraine than in Europe, except for the entrepreneurs’ intentions of networking and collaboration development. The paper proposed original research on the institutional context of the ecosystem in the transition economy. The study is built on the idea of the specific regional peculiarities of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the impact of transformational processes of the economy of the country. The results of the study can be used as a basis for a scientific focus on the policy of improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The article empirically expands the knowledge of entrepreneurial ecosystems and shows the potential and benefits of a complete integrated ecosystem for overall regional development.
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RIIPINEN, MIIRA P., TADEUSZ FLEITUCH, SALLY HLADYZ, GUY WOODWARD, PAUL GILLER e MICHAEL DOBSON. "Invertebrate community structure and ecosystem functioning in European conifer plantation streams". Freshwater Biology 55, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2010): 346–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02278.x.
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Little, Chelsea J., Emanuel A. Fronhofer e Florian Altermatt. "Dispersal syndromes can impact ecosystem functioning in spatially structured freshwater populations". Biology Letters 15, n.º 3 (março de 2019): 20180865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0865.
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Dispersal can strongly influence ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Besides the direct contribution of dispersal to population dynamics, dispersers often differ in their phenotypic attributes from non-dispersers, which leads to dispersal syndromes. The consequences of such dispersal syndromes have been widely explored at the population and community level; however, to date, ecosystem-level effects remain unclear. Here, we examine whether dispersing and resident individuals of two different aquatic keystone invertebrate species have different contributions to detrital processing, a key function in freshwater ecosystems. Using experimental two-patch systems, we found no difference in leaf consumption rates with dispersal status of the common native species Gammarus fossarum . In Dikerogammarus villosus , however, a Ponto-Caspian species now expanding throughout Europe, dispersers consumed leaf litter at roughly three times the rate of non-dispersers. Furthermore, this put the contribution of dispersing D. villosus to leaf litter processing on par with native G. fossarum, after adjusting for differences in organismal size. Given that leaf litter decomposition is a key function in aquatic ecosystems, and the rapid species turnover in freshwater habitats with range expansions of non-native species, this finding suggests that dispersal syndromes may have important consequences for ecosystem functioning.
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Lopukhin, A. V., E. A. Plaksenkov e S. N. Silvestrov. "Business Ecosystems in Terms of Creating Interactions and Communications". World of new economy 18, n.º 3 (14 de novembro de 2024): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-3-33-46.
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The article is devoted to the creation and evolution of ecosystems, the peculiarities of their functioning, the control and communications management. The main characteristics of ecosystems are considered as: modularity, network structure, different types of partnership and competition, complementarity, interdependence, self-regulation, joint value creation, coevolution, etc. Integrated communications create the most optimal conditions for ecosystems’ functioning, ensure the consistency of participants’ interactions, introduce a common culture, rules, basic values, ethics and communication style, which increases motivation and favourably affects the overall image. According to the authors, in the context of decentralised management, the role of compliance control for assessing and preventing compliance risks, as well as the requirements for the organisation of monitoring, is increasing.The relevance of the study is related to the rapid evolution of ecosystems and their importance for the economy, as well as difficulties in understanding the process of their creation and functioning on the background of the lack of scientific research on the organisation of integrated communications.The purpose of the article is to study the modern ecosystem management using the analysis of scientific papers, comparison, generalization, analogies, systematic and logical analysis.The scientific novelty is in the author’s interpretation of the peculiarities of ecosystem functioning.The practical significance of the work is in the possibility of its use in the creation and improvement of ecosystems within the framework of sustainable innovative development.
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Berdugo, Miguel, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Santiago Soliveres, Rocío Hernández-Clemente, Yanchuang Zhao, Juan J. Gaitán, Nicolas Gross et al. "Global ecosystem thresholds driven by aridity". Science 367, n.º 6479 (13 de fevereiro de 2020): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay5958.
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Aridity, which is increasing worldwide because of climate change, affects the structure and functioning of dryland ecosystems. Whether aridification leads to gradual (versus abrupt) and systemic (versus specific) ecosystem changes is largely unknown. We investigated how 20 structural and functional ecosystem attributes respond to aridity in global drylands. Aridification led to systemic and abrupt changes in multiple ecosystem attributes. These changes occurred sequentially in three phases characterized by abrupt decays in plant productivity, soil fertility, and plant cover and richness at aridity values of 0.54, 0.7, and 0.8, respectively. More than 20% of the terrestrial surface will cross one or several of these thresholds by 2100, which calls for immediate actions to minimize the negative impacts of aridification on essential ecosystem services for the more than 2 billion people living in drylands.
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Patonai, Katalin, Mattia Lanzoni, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Ferenc Jordán e Anna Gavioli. "Eutrophication triggered changes in network structure and fluxes of the Comacchio Lagoon (Italy)". PLOS ONE 20, n.º 1 (8 de janeiro de 2025): e0313416. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313416.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Coastal lagoons, which cover about 13% of coastline, are among the most productive ecosystems worldwide. However, they are subject to significant stressors, both natural and anthropogenic, which can alter ecosystem services and functioning and food web structure. In the Comacchio Lagoon (Northern Italy), eutrophication, among other minor factors, transformed the ecosystem in the early 1980s. Here, we compiled available data for the lagoon into trophic networks (pre- and post-transformation), analyzed the ecosystem using local and global network analysis, and computed trophic fluxes of the two periods. For comparability, the networks of two periods (i.e., pre- and post- transformation) were aggregated into food webs with 23 nodes. We found differences in the trophic networks before and after eutrophication, resulting in some decrease in complexity, increase of flow diversity, and an overall shortening of the food chain. A crucial aspect of this change is the disappearance of submerged vegetation in the lagoon and the increased importance of cyanobacteria in the post-eutrophication period. We provide an approach to better understand ecosystem changes after severe disturbances which can be extended to biodiversity conservation and for the management of coastal resources in general.
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Garipova, Venera. "THE DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM OF THE MONOPROFILE MUNICIPALITY: FEATURES, PRINCIPLES FUNCTIONING AND STRUCTURE". Russian Journal of Management 11, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2023): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2023-11-4-511-518.
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This scientific article reveals the theoretical aspects of the essence and construc-tion of the digital ecosystem of a single-profile municipal formation. The signifi-cant role of digitalization is shown to increase the efficiency of the functioning of a single-industry municipality, improve operational efficiency, develop innova-tion and attract investment, as well as improve interaction with the population. The analysis of modern approaches to the essential characteristic of the "digital ecosystem" allowed us to propose an author's interpretation of the term "digital ecosystem of a municipal formation", to present its structure through a complex of interacting variators. The forms of interaction of participants in the digital eco-environment of the municipality were systematized, and the principles that underlie the communications of the main participants were developed to ensure a comprehensive effect and opportunities for the development of the territory. It was concluded that the introduction of digital technologies can become an im-portant success factor for the development of a single-industry municipality and increase its competitiveness, which served as the basis for highlighting methods for evaluating the effectiveness of forms of interaction between the parties.