Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Economies insulaires"
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BURGARELLA, MATTEI MARIE-NOELLE. "Contribution a l'etude du fonctionnement des petites economies insulaires". Corte, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CORT1003.
Texto completo da fonteDisplaying insularity fact implies a reference to territory dimension and to its distance towards international markets. But insularity generates principally a characteristic of its own : isolation. This discontinuity produces specific consequences on human sphere, so on economic sphere. Taking these consequences into consideration, is necessary to choose a long-dated development strategy. The most adapted to small island economies has to go to co-operative development strategy
Luis, Camille. "Leviers productifs et commerciaux pour accompagner la transition agroécologique des économies insulaires : le cas des maraîchers aux Antilles françaises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASI010.
Texto completo da fonteFaced with the challenge of combining sustainable and high-yield agriculture that meet food demand, the agroecological transition emerges as an appropriate solution. This article-based thesis focuses on the French West Indies. For these island territories, the agroecological transition is a strategic choice to enhance food sovereignty and preserve the environment while ensuring the sustainability of local food sectors, particularly the vegetable sector. This thesis aims to identify, production and marketing levers contributing to this transition of agricultural systems in Martinique and Guadeloupe. Our approach, with an operational purpose, is both economic and agronomic. We provide a dual theoretical reflection on innovation and collective action. The key challenge is to highlight the central position held by farmers and innovation in the dynamics of the agroecological transition, while considering the crucial role of collective dimension in deploying these innovations and this transition. Our process, combining data from the agricultural census and field surveys, is based on statistical and econometric analysis and is structured around three research objectives. The first is to characterize vegetable farms in terms of production practices. The second aims to study farmers' marketing choices and their impact on the sustainability of their farms. The third seeks to analyze the interdependence of farmers with other actors in the sector and the influence of the latter in enhancing production and changing practices. Our results emphasize the potential of agroecological practices and, to some extent, direct sales to meet the transition goals. Promoting the adoption and diffusion of these production and marketing innovations is therefore essential for the agroecological transition. This work also highlights the heterogeneity of vegetable farmers and the key role of their individual characteristics in the adoption and diffusion of these innovations. Finally, we show that agricultural collectives, particularly producer organizations and associations, are indispensable in supporting farmers in this transition. Supporting these collectives and structuring the vegetable sector is therefore necessary to facilitate farmers' access to multiple resources and promote the agroecological transition
Angelelli, Pierre. "La libre immatriculation des navires : un gain pour les petites économies insulaires ? : Étude à partir du cas d'États de la Caraïbe". Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697681.
Texto completo da fonteErnatus, Hélène. "Performance des entreprises dans une petite économie insulaire de la Caraïbe : Le cas de la Guadeloupe". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422557.
Texto completo da fonteLa thèse examine les comportements stratégiques des entreprises situées sur un petit territoire insulaire, pour répondre aux contraintes liées à leur situation insulaire et aux défis engendrés par les modifications de l'environnement socioéconomique.
Ces entreprises tirent parti des ressources créées par les politiques publiques mises en place par des Etats à économie développée, mais doivent pouvoir aussi surmonter des difficultés supplémentaires créées par leur situation paradoxale.
Nous nous inspirons des concepts de l'Economie Industrielle pour montrer l'existence, pour les entreprises les plus exposées à la pression concurrentielle externe, d'un étroit sentier stratégique fondé sur la recherche de la différenciation de leurs produits. Mais les entreprises les moins exposées peuvent aussi développer des stratégies qui peuvent aller à l'encontre de l'optimum social cher aux économistes néoclassiques.
Msa, Abdallah. "Les problèmes de développement d'une économie micro-insulaire : le cas des Comores". Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10061.
Texto completo da fonteGay, Jean-François. "Protectionnisme, concurence, gouvernance et institutions en Polynésie française". Thesis, Polynésie française, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POLF0001.
Texto completo da fonteSince the end of the Second World War, the world has seen a sharp rise in international trade. This strong opening of economies has made it possible to highlight the global benefits that could be obtained for an economy when it opened up outside. De facto, this period of increase in international trade has therefore seen the abandonment of protectionism in a large number of countries that have chosen to open up outside (China, South Korea, etc.). How can one explain why some countries continue to apply significant tariff and non-tariff barriers when the facts have shown the almost systematic under-efficiency of a closed economy? One of the arguments that has been made about Small Island Economies (PEI) is that, given the small size of the domestic market, local producers had to be protected because they could not benefit from economies of scale and from this In fact, they could not be competitive with imported products
Holstein, Philippe. "La soutenabilité des économies insulaires coloniales et postcoloniales : le cas de l’île de La Réunion". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0021/document.
Texto completo da fonteSmall, isolated and vulnerable, islands have become symbols in current debates on the sustainability of economic systems. This is no coincidence. For colonial and insular experiences have played a key role in the emergence of political economy, which, initially focused on the creation of wealth as much as on its durability. Conversely, political economy nurtured the development of a new “art of government” which has deeply influenced islands trajectories and engendered new relations of power that persist today. In particular through the concept of (sustainable) development that naturalizes a contingent, utilitarian, view of sustainability. By bringing together the paradigm of complexity, ecological economics and poststructuralist works, this thesis aims to deconstruct this concept and reframe it through an institutionalist and interdisciplinary approach that fully integrates ecological, symbolic and social factors as well as the multiplicity of economies. It then studies the formation and evolution of plantation economies, both in Reunion Island and the Caribbean, to question the paradox of “durable unsustainability”: why and how can an economy grounded on destruction and unable to satisfy the ends it was designed for, maintain itself on the long term? A third part queries the sustainability of the “departementalisation” project, i.e. decreeing development: turning a ruined colony in a modern economy, able to reach European standards through self-sustained growth. It thus emphasizes the retroactions that wiped this utopia out to give birth to an original, yet fragile, model of resilient dependence
Gappa, Suzy. "Impacts des fonds structurels européens sur le développement des petites économies insulaires : le cas des Antilles françaises". Antilles-Guyane, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AGUY0052.
Texto completo da fonteBurahee, Irfaan. "Mondialisation et intégration d'un territoire insulaire. Le cas de l'île Maurice". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070130.
Texto completo da fonteThis paper aims to understand the inclusion of Mauritius, as a remote island, in the globalization process. It is interesting to try to understand how the people of this small State, somewhat isolated island in the Indian Ocean, having rapidly expanded commercially in recent years, can take advantage of globalization and form international relations as part of the global networks of exchanges. It is therefore necessary to consider the factors which spawned Mauritius to success and its ability to continue this development in the changing context of globalization. The hypothesis we want to highlight attaches prime importance to explaining the rapid growth experienced by Mauritius - the economic "miracle" — this being the existence of particular social and political dynamics wholly committed to by the Mauritian society from the 1970s. The latter composes various ethnic groups whom are very active, maintaining networks of shared mutual knowledge throughout many parts of the world. These groups interact, combining solidarity and competition, leading to specialized territories and allow their integration through a process of industrialization and economic diversification. This research aims to clarify the local social dynamics underlying the integration process and analyze the terms of the regional organization in Mauritius today. Understanding the potential for improving land use within the context of economic globalization will enable the consideration of the sustainability of Mauritius continued development
Holstein, Philippe. "La soutenabilité des économies insulaires coloniales et postcoloniales : le cas de l’île de La Réunion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0021.
Texto completo da fonteSmall, isolated and vulnerable, islands have become symbols in current debates on the sustainability of economic systems. This is no coincidence. For colonial and insular experiences have played a key role in the emergence of political economy, which, initially focused on the creation of wealth as much as on its durability. Conversely, political economy nurtured the development of a new “art of government” which has deeply influenced islands trajectories and engendered new relations of power that persist today. In particular through the concept of (sustainable) development that naturalizes a contingent, utilitarian, view of sustainability. By bringing together the paradigm of complexity, ecological economics and poststructuralist works, this thesis aims to deconstruct this concept and reframe it through an institutionalist and interdisciplinary approach that fully integrates ecological, symbolic and social factors as well as the multiplicity of economies. It then studies the formation and evolution of plantation economies, both in Reunion Island and the Caribbean, to question the paradox of “durable unsustainability”: why and how can an economy grounded on destruction and unable to satisfy the ends it was designed for, maintain itself on the long term? A third part queries the sustainability of the “departementalisation” project, i.e. decreeing development: turning a ruined colony in a modern economy, able to reach European standards through self-sustained growth. It thus emphasizes the retroactions that wiped this utopia out to give birth to an original, yet fragile, model of resilient dependence
Lombard, Denys. "Recherches sur l'histoire des mentalites a java : societe insulaire ou carrefour maritime?" Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040079.
Texto completo da fonteThis study is aimed at presenting a comprehensive history of java, the most important island of the malay archipelago (with a population of more than 90 millions in 1989) and at analysing its formative elements. The first part deals with the impact of westernization ("three centuries of colonisation") and its limits. The second part focusses on asiatic, mainly islamic and chinese networks. The investigation of malay sources allows us to trace the ideological changes which occured during the 16th and 17th centuries (emergence of a certain modernity); the study of overseas chinese communities on the other hand allows us to unveil the importance of technological transfers. The third part, based on both epigraphical material and javanese literature, analyses the deepest stratum, i. E. The agrarian kingdoms which developed from the 9th c. Onwards and originated the present indonesian state. Java consequently appears both as the meeting point of various influences (indian, chinese, islamic, european) and as the cradle of a peculiar civilisation which federates the outside islands and coordinates them within a wide political framework. The text is illustrated with 50 maps and 88 photos
Cassin, Lesly. "Développement, dynamiques démographiques et environnement dans les Petits Etats Insulaires des Caraïbes". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100114.
Texto completo da fonteSustainable development in Caribbean Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) is difficult to obtain because of their economic and social vulnerabilities. This thesis examines the sustainable resource allocation and economic growth of Caribbean SIDS using theoretical and numerical methods, and focusing on interactions between demographic and environmental dimensions. Due to their regional importance, I examine the effects of migration and remittances while taking into account local pollution and climate change.First, I describe the impacts of remittances on savings, fertility and education, with a special focus on intergenerational strategies. I show that potential positive effects from migration or remittances depend strongly on its positive effect on human capital accumulation, i.e. whether it is larger or not than the population growth.Because human capital accumulation also depends on the environment, in the second chapter I study the potential interactions between migration gains and environmental quality. If pollution exposure during childhood harms the human capital process, first there are new conditions for gains from migration which can decrease the demographic pressure on natural assets, second an environmental policy is beneficial.Finally, Caribbean SIDS cannot reduce the extent of climate change, leaving them no choice but to adapt to its effects, however this is costly and difficult to implement. The third chapter of this thesis addresses the use of migration, which leads to remittances that can fund adaptation measures. Therefore, I test whether there is a complementarity or a substitutability between the two strategies and show that it depend on the fundamentals of the economy
Perrain, David. "Le tourisme dans les petites économies insulaires : analyse des fondamentaux de la spécialisation touristique comme source soutenable de croissance". Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0015/document.
Texto completo da fonteTourism has become a social, cultural and economic phenomenon. However, the impact of tourism on a long-term economy growth remains ambiguous, especially for small island economies (SIE).This thesis seeks to identify the fundamentals of tourism specialization as a sustainable source of growth for a SIE. On the one hand, it has led us to redefine the main components of tourism as a social and economic activity and to clarify how tourism contributes to the economic growth. On the other hand, this thesis reveals the ambiguity of the relationship between tourism and growth. It provides new explanations for a more virtuous tourism growth model and more adapted to the global tourism market.The results of the introduction of tourism into a Romer's model of endogenous growth and those of a threshold regression model applied to a sample of SEI call into question the hypothesis of linearity between tourist specialization and economic growth. The thesis demonstrates the end of a model of intensive tourist development. It concludes that tourism is a sustainable source of growth for an SIE, when intelligence and agility constitute the leitmotif of a sustainable, multi-stakeholder tourism strategy
Déodat, Vincent. "Évaluation du gisement éolien dans un contexte insulaire complexe : le cas de l'île de La Réunion". Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0057/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral thesis proposes a methodology to identify and quantify the wind power resource in a context characterized by a complex topography and a strong competition for land use, and then it applies it to the case of Reunion island. Our approach is interdisciplinary by using in turn law, geography, statistics and physics to quantify the wind power resource in Reunion Island, then economics to cost the mining of this deposit and to formulate public policies to support wind power generation. The first part of the thesis assesses the impact of land regulatory framework on the wind power resource defined in terms of installable peak power. This regulatory framework is defined in terms of scenarios depicting the social and environmental challenges associated with wind power generation in Reunion Island. A methodology based on Geographic Information Systems is developed to identify the spatial distribution of installable wind farms and to assess the impact of an evolution of land legal framework in Reunion. The second part of the thesis aims at quantifying the wind power on sites accessible from a regulatory point of view. The thesis presents a methodology to study the joint distribution of horizontal wind speed and direction based on the analysis of its seasonal and daily variations, and identifies the different wind regimes in force in Reunion. The thesis supports the use of Weibull distribution model on ground of probability theory, and provides evidence of superiority of using a mixture of Weibull distributions conditional on wind direction to quantify the wind power resource of an accessible site with respect to the use of the conventional marginal two parameters Weibull model. The thesis also provides a methodology to construct the geographical information regarding ground obstacles necessary for profiling the vertical wind shear profile in Reunion. Then, the thesis proposes two spatial prediction methods to assess the spatial distribution of wind resource allowing its estimation from the observations recorded at the available weather stations, and uses these methods to model the spatial evolution of the wind speed mean and variation coefficient. The last part of the thesis provides a method to cross assess the regulatory public policy and the public subsidy policy for wind power generation through feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we identify the wind power plants which are profitable under existing feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we also evaluate the level at which the feed-in-tariff must be set to reach public objectives of wind power development in Reunion, which allows to assess the amount of public subsidy needed to achieve these objectives
Buzenot, Laurence. "Industrialisation, zone franche et développement socio-spatial dans les espaces insulaires. Les cas des îles de la Caraïbe et de l'île Maurice". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858568.
Texto completo da fonteEllero, Jéremy. "Perspective de coopération régionale dans le Pacifique : quels modèles d'intégration économique pour les territoires français ?" Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NCAL0001/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this thesis is to make a significant contribution on the prospects of regional integration of the French Pacific territories in the current international context. As well, it aims at identifying the opportunities for business development to the export market. The emancipation of the French collectivities in Oceania cannot be confined to removing them from United Nations’ list of seventeen territories to be decolonized. More generally, the integration of islands with populations of under one million into international trade flows is the key to the issues of insular development. We will therefore seek to determine whether the MIRAB (Migration, Remittances, Aid, Bureaucracy) reference model of the Pacific economies is still up to the challenges of globalization. The multilateral trading system is undergoing profound change and seems to be seeing a regional fragmentation of its spheres of influence. Since the early 2000’s, the initiative of the Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA) and Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) agreements would appear to be the first step towards the construction of a regional single market in the Pacific. Oceania represents a market of seven million consumers scattered over one-third of the surface area of the globe. Geographical isolation, lack of commercial openings and the heterogeneous nature of the Pacific Island economies have a direct influence on commercial policies. Furthermore, in New Caledonia as in French Polynesia 97% are very small businesses employing less than 10 people. As in most islands of Oceania, the economic model is only oriented toward the internal market and is not structured for export. In this context, the French Pacific territories are labeled as one of the 34 «hotspot » of the biodiversity; their ecosystems are amongst the most diversified in the world. Rich of this competitive advantage, the valorization of the endemic fauna and flora can take many forms: agriculture, tourism, extraction of resources, scientific research…We will try to define the most profitable exploitation of the natural heritage for a sustainable development
Déodat, Vincent. "Évaluation du gisement éolien dans un contexte insulaire complexe : le cas de l'île de La Réunion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0057.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral thesis proposes a methodology to identify and quantify the wind power resource in a context characterized by a complex topography and a strong competition for land use, and then it applies it to the case of Reunion island. Our approach is interdisciplinary by using in turn law, geography, statistics and physics to quantify the wind power resource in Reunion Island, then economics to cost the mining of this deposit and to formulate public policies to support wind power generation. The first part of the thesis assesses the impact of land regulatory framework on the wind power resource defined in terms of installable peak power. This regulatory framework is defined in terms of scenarios depicting the social and environmental challenges associated with wind power generation in Reunion Island. A methodology based on Geographic Information Systems is developed to identify the spatial distribution of installable wind farms and to assess the impact of an evolution of land legal framework in Reunion. The second part of the thesis aims at quantifying the wind power on sites accessible from a regulatory point of view. The thesis presents a methodology to study the joint distribution of horizontal wind speed and direction based on the analysis of its seasonal and daily variations, and identifies the different wind regimes in force in Reunion. The thesis supports the use of Weibull distribution model on ground of probability theory, and provides evidence of superiority of using a mixture of Weibull distributions conditional on wind direction to quantify the wind power resource of an accessible site with respect to the use of the conventional marginal two parameters Weibull model. The thesis also provides a methodology to construct the geographical information regarding ground obstacles necessary for profiling the vertical wind shear profile in Reunion. Then, the thesis proposes two spatial prediction methods to assess the spatial distribution of wind resource allowing its estimation from the observations recorded at the available weather stations, and uses these methods to model the spatial evolution of the wind speed mean and variation coefficient. The last part of the thesis provides a method to cross assess the regulatory public policy and the public subsidy policy for wind power generation through feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we identify the wind power plants which are profitable under existing feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we also evaluate the level at which the feed-in-tariff must be set to reach public objectives of wind power development in Reunion, which allows to assess the amount of public subsidy needed to achieve these objectives
Maoulida, Fahad. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un système hybride de génération d'énergie pour l'habitat rural en Afrique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0043.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the development of renewable energy solutions to address the growing demand and fluctuating prices of fossil fuels. In collaboration with LERMAB of the University of Lorraine and LEMA of the University of Comoros, the study proposes hybrid systems combining solar, wind, and diesel with optimized energy storage management for rural areas in Comoros. Using software such as Homer Energy, Trnsys, and Polysun, the study designs these systems by leveraging the solar potential (5 kWh/m²/day) and wind potential (over 6 m/s) of Comoros for continuous and decarbonized energy distribution by SONELEC. Two hybrid solutions are developed in this thesis. The first, intended for a rural village, integrates wind, solar photovoltaic, and a backup diesel generator. It produces an excess of 660,087 kWh/year, representing a 74.2% energy surplus, with a cost of dollar 0.29/kWh, lower than that offered by SONELEC. Production is dominated by solar (82%), followed by wind (18%), with diesel minimized to nearly 0%, ensuring a 100% renewable share and zero gas emissions. The PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery system optimizes local resources and includes batteries to ensure stable power supply despite fluctuations. The second solution, validated at the IUT of Longwy, targets individual homes with PV/T systems for electrical energy and hot water. Combining photovoltaic panels and thermal collectors, these systems allow for dual production of electricity and heat. A hybrid PV/T collector model, designed and validated by experimental studies at LERMAB, covers 70% of hot water needs and 80% of electrical energy needs, with a total efficiency of 40%. Effective year-round, these systems remain efficient even in variable climatic conditions. This research proposes a sustainable energy policy for Comoros, aiming to reduce dependence on diesel, improve quality of life, and stimulate the local economy. It highlights the importance of financing mechanisms, training of local communities, and the integration of hybrid systems with PV/T collectors for optimal energy efficiency
Francisco, Albertino da Boa Morte. "Construção de um novo modelo conceptual de estratégia de desenvolvimento económico para os pequenos Estados insulares em desenvolvimento". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5960.
Texto completo da fonteSmall Island Developing States (SIDS), as a category of countries, was created by the UN system in 1992 to describe small island states that share economic, social and environmental vulnerabilities peculiar to them, arising from their insularity and small size. For this reason, in 1994, the UN created the Barbados Plan of Action (BPOA) to help these countries overcome the above vulnerabilities. The BPOA was unanimously adopted by SIDS and has been the only international development instrument designed for these countries, which was endorsed collectively by them. However, economic development strategies based on this action plan, being implemented in SIDS since its adoption, for over two decades, have not responded adequately to the development needs of these countries. In some cases, the vulnerabilities come up worse. The failure of the BPOA in helping SIDS to achieve the objectives for which it was designed stems from its focus on environmental management at the expense of economic growth (GDP), and its exogenous development approach, which places emphasis on international assistance and exacerbates the dependence of these countries to exogenous factors, at the expense of promotion or utilization of endogenous development. In search of a viable alternative to the BPOA, this study used the constructive research methodology to design a new economic development strategy model for SIDS (EDS-SIDS), adopting an endogenous development approach and a focus on economic growth, seeking a balance between creation of wealth, social development and environmental sustainability. The EDS-SIDS was validated conceptually with 73 focal points of 43 international, bilateral and regional bodies, and a panel of 392 experts operating in the public, private, social and international sectors directly or indirectly linked to development issues of SIDS. It was illustrated with the case of Sao Tome and Principe (STP), which made approach to the case of one of the SIDS.
Petits États insulaires en développement (PEID) comme une catégorie de pays a été créée par le système des Nations Unies en 1992 pour décrire les petits Etats insulaires qui partagent vulnérabilités économiques, sociales et environnementales qui leur sont propres, découlant de leur insularité et petite taille. Pour cette raison, en 1994, l’ONU a créé le Plan d'action de la Barbade (PAB) pour aider ces pays à surmonter les vulnérabilités ci-dessus. Le PAB a été adopté à l’unanimité par les PEID et a été le seul instrument de développement international conçu pour ces pays, qui a été approuvé collectivement par eux. Cependant, les stratégies de développement économique fondées sur ce plan d’action, mis en oeuvre dans les PEID, depuis son adoption, depuis plus de deux décennies, ne l’ont pas répondu de manière adéquate aux besoins de développement de ces pays. Dans certains cas, les vulnérabilités viennent pire. L’échec du PAB pour aider les PEID à atteindre les objectifs pour lesquels il a été conçu découle de l'accent mis sur la gestion de l’environnement au détriment de la croissance économique (PIB), et sa démarche de développement exogène, qui met l’accent sur l’assistance internationale et exacerbe la dépendance de ces pays à des facteurs exogènes, au détriment de la promotion ou l’utilisation d’un développement endogène. A la recherche d’une alternative viable au PAB, cette étude a utilisé la méthodologie de la recherche constructive pour concevoir un nouveau modèle conceptuel de stratégie de développement économique pour les PEID (EDE-PEID), en adoptant une approche de développement endogène et un accent sur la croissance économique, à la recherche d’un équilibre entre la création de la richesse, le développement social et la durabilité environnementale. L’EDE-PEID a été validé conceptuellement avec 73 points focaux de 43 organismes internationaux, régionaux et bilatéraux, et un panel de 392 experts opérant dans les secteurs publics, privés, sociaux et internationaux directement ou indirectement lié à des questions de développement des PEID. Il a été illustré par le cas de Sao Tomé-et-Principe (STP), qui a fait l’approche au cas de l’un des PEID.