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1
Wang, Shengzu 1978. "Economic policies in developing and emerging market economies : three essays in international and development economics". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115647.
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This thesis consists of three essays, which focus on different aspects of economic policy issues faced by developing and emerging market economies. The first essay explores the effect of monetary policy credibility on exchange rate volatility in a small open economy, even if the exchange rate is not an explicit target set by the monetary authority. Using an open economy framework modified from Gall and Monacelli (2005) and Walsh (2006), it shows that monetary policy credibility helps to stabilize the exchange rate as supply and demand side shocks hit the domestic economy. The monetary policy credibility can be achieved by the monetary authority's commitment to certain rules aiming for output/price smoothing. In the empirical analysis inflation targeting is used as a proxy variable for monetary credibility. The GARCH model of selected South-East Asian countries indicates that countries with inflation targeting policies have exhibited reduced exchange rate volatility when other factors are controlled.The second essay looks at FDI inflows into developing economies. Two distinctive differences of FDI inflows between developed and developing economies are entry modes and evidence of government regulations. This essay investigates the incentives of FDI flows in terms of cost-saving merger, fixed cost of entry and the role of government policies. In particular it shows that, if the cost-saving effect is large and the government intervenes, the foreign firm will consider the FDI through either Greenfield or Brownfield, which corresponds to the situation for FDI flows into developing economies. Otherwise, the foreign firm will only consider Brownfield or staying outside, which stands for the developed economy case. Since one remarkable feature of the FDI flows into developing countries is the benefit of cost-saving from low labour costs, this essay takes this effect into account and provides insights for economic "outsourcing". The multi-stage sequential game model presented in this chapter provides comparable results for the pattern of the FDI flows affected by regulation and institutional factors, which are not addressed by existing literature. Finally, it reveals some intuition and feature of a developing economy where the government regulations on FDI flows are more often observed.
The third essay deals with the resource/revenue reallocation within powerful groups in the economy and the impact of the rent-seeking behavior of these groups on the economic growth and the social welfare. In particular, it introduces a dynamic model of resource-grabbing by status-conscious agents, i.e., agents value not only their absolute consumption levels, but also the relative status within his/her reference group. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the "positional externalities" on the urge to seek rent and to connect the "tragedy of the commons" problem with relative consumption. The model shows that the greater is agents' concern about their relative status, the more aggressively they tend to behave. Consequently, the social welfare is lower because the growth rate of the public asset is reduced due to higher extraction rate. After introducing heterogeneity, it shows that the social welfare decreases as the distribution of status-consciousness among agents widens. Finally, it provides some policy suggestions that the government might consider to achieve a second best social outcome.
2
Lindgren, Göran. "Studies in conflict economics and economic growth". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6942.
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“Armaments and Economic Performance”. The literature on military expenditure (milex) is scrutinized with respect to five areas. Investment is reduced when milex increases. Most studies have found economic growth hindered by higher milex. No clear association between milex and employment is found. However, the same amount of other public expenditure creates more jobs. There is some evidence for milex as counter-cyclical instrument in the US. The result for studies if milex is used in electoral cycles in the US is contradictory. Disaggregated data are emphasized as a possible solution to get more definite results.
“The Economic Costs of Civil Wars”. The empirical studies of the economic costs of internal armed conflicts are divided into accounting and modelling methods. Cost is seen as the difference between the counterfactual production without conflict and the actual production. The average economic cost of internal armed conflict is a 3.7% yearly reduction of GDP. There are large differences between the estimates. One of the reasons for pursuing such studies is to give improved basis for more cost-effective post-conflict reconstruction, which is better achieved with an accounting method.
“War and Economic Performance – Different Data, Different Conclusions?” This article studies the importance of armed conflict for economic growth by replicating an earlier analysis with new data on conflicts. The basic model investigates how conflicts in 1960-1974 affect economic growth in 1975-1989. Koubi finds that “wars are conducive to higher growth”. Koubi’s finding is confirmed when different conflict data is used in a similar research design.
“The Role of External Factors in Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Thailand and the Philippines 1950-1990”. Can differences in economic performance be explained by external factors? Both historical and regression analyses are utilised to answer the question. Three external factors are analysed: International trade, foreign direct investment, and external debt. In the regression analysis none of the external factors qualify as statistically significant. The historical analysis finds two external factors discriminating between the two countries. Thus, they might explain the differing growth rates of Thailand and the Philippines: Manufactured exports and external debt.
3
Lindgren, Göran. "Studies in conflict economics and economic growth /". Uppsala : Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6942.
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Stefani, Gianluca. "Economic aspects of information in environmental economics". Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489205.
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Information may resolve uncertainty and uncertainty is pervasive. Thus, seeking, producing and trading of information are common economic activities. This is also true in the economics of the environment and for the different stakeholders therein involved. The central aim of this research is to investigate some theoretical aspects of the value and effects of information in environmental economics. Information is valuable either as a decision aid in contexts where either health and environmental characteristics of goods are uncertain or as the object of direct valuation under different provision rules. In a choice context three questions arise providing grounds for empirical investigations.
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Marini, Annalisa. "Culture and identity : economics beyond economic outcomes". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549444.
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Moiseyenko, Alla. "Ecologization of economics and ecologo-economic efficiency". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8302.
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Baiardi, Anna. "Essays in development economics and economic history". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/90133/.
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The first chapter provides an overview of the topics covered in this thesis. The second chapter explores the effect of historic gender division of labour during slavery on African American women’s performance in the labour market. Using census data from 1870 to 2010, I show that African American women living in areas with lower levels of gender division of labour were more likely to participate in the labour market and have higher occupation income scores after emancipation. The effects are persistent for at least 70 years after the end of slavery. I analyse the mechanisms driving the results, distinguishing between labour supply and demand channels, and I explore intergenerational transmission of gender roles. The third chapter empirically assesses the importance of ethnic networks in facilitating international trade. In particular, it investigates the impact of ethnic Cantonese networks in the United States on the export performance of firms based in Southern China. The results indicate that exposure to ethnic networks has a positive effect on exports, both at the extensive and the intensive margin. We explore the mechanisms underlying the results, distinguishing between information flows, contract enforcement, foreign investment and technology diffusion. The fourth chapter analyses the effect of ethnic Chinese networks in the United States on knowledge diffusion and innovation in China. I construct a proxy for the ethnic network based on historic Chinese settlements and current industry employment patterns, exploiting the migration restrictions imposed by the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. The results indicate that when innovation in the U.S. increases, industries that are more exposed to the ethnic network in the U.S. innovate more in China. This suggests that ethnic networks contribute to the diffusion of technology across countries.
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Yamasaki, Junichi. "Essays on development economics and Japanese economic history". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3676/.
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This thesis consists of three independent chapters on development economics and Japanese economic history. The first chapter analyzes the effect of railroad construction in the Meiji period (1868–1912) on technology adoption and modern economic development. By digitizing a novel data set that measures the use of steam engines at the factory level and determining the cost-minimizing path between destinations as an identification strategy, I find that railroad access led to the increased adoption of steam power by factories, which in turn induced structural change and urbanization. My results support the view that railroad network construction was key to modern economic growth in pre-First World War Japan. The second chapter analyzes the effect of time horizon on local public investment in the Edo period (1615–1868). I use a unique event in Japanese history during this period to identify the effect. In 1651, the sudden death of the executive leader of the Tokyo government reduced the transfer risk of local lords, especially for insiders, who supported the Tokyo government during the war of 1600. Using a newly digitized data set and a difference-in-differences strategy, I find that after 1651, regions owned by insiders increased the number of public projects more than regions owned by the other lords. I discuss other possible channels to interpret the effect of tenure risk, but I find no strong support for these alternative channels and conclude that the results support a longer time horizon effect. The third chapter provides more general background and a complete description of the data availability in Japan in the 17th–20th centuries, to discuss future research directions. It would aid reexamination of the history of Japan and other East Asian countries, which have experienced different economic and political paths.
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Spash, Clive L., e Tone Smith. "Of Ecosystems and Economies: Re-connecting Economics with Reality". WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6903/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2019_03.pdf.
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This discussion paper looks at the connections between economies and ecosystems, or more
generally biophysical reality. The term "economies" is used, rather than "the economy",
because of the prevalent false claim that there is only one type of economic system that is
possible. We outline how the ecological crises is linked to the dominant drive for economic
growth and the tendency to equate growth with progress and development; common even
amongst those apparently critical of the need for continued growth in the materially rich
countries. The unreality of mainstream economics is epitomised by the accolades given to
those justifying mild reformist policy in response to human induced climate change in order
to continue the pursuit of economic growth. We emphasise the structural aspects of
economies as emergent from and dependent upon the structure and functioning of both society
and ecology (energy and material flows). Finally, that the structure of the global economy
must change to avoid social ecological collapse, poses the questions of how that can be
achieved and what sort of economics is necessary? We explain the need for: (i) a structural
change that addresses the currently dysfunctional relationships between economic, social and
ecological systems, and (ii) an economics that is interdisciplinary and realist about its social
and natural science relations.Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
10
Rice, Derek. "Three Essays in Development Economics: First Nation Economic Development". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37633.
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This dissertation contains three essays in the economics of development. The first essay investigates the effects of the decentralization of governance over education to communities in terms of individual education outcomes. The next essay relates to the first by exploring the factors that drive communities to adopt decentralized governance, including forms of decentralized governance over education. The last essay returns to the topic of education by examining a policy aimed at decreasing the costs of post-secondary education for a minority group. Each essay probes these topics within the context of First Nations in Canada.
The first essay examines the substantial impacts of education decentralization on high school attendance and completion through the analysis of First Nation education self-government agreements in Canada. These agreements are important institutional arrangements that transfer the authority over education from the federal government to First Nations. I exploit confidential microdata and exogenous variation in the implementation of education self-government agreements to perform the analysis. My results indicate that self-government agreements focused exclusively on education increase high school attendance by 5 to 9 percentage points and high school completion by 3 to 5 percentage points. However, the effects on high school completion rates under multi-sectoral self-government agreements implemented together with comprehensive land claim agreements and for self-government agreements that focus on education alone differ dramatically for women and men. High school completion improves by 8 to 11 percentage points for women, but drops by a staggering 17 to 25 percentage points for men. These results have important policy implications for education decentralization in general, along with implications for the particular case of First Nation education self-governance in Canada.
The second essay identifies the determinants of decentralized governance by exploring the First Nation self-government agreement claim and implementation processes. I use a novel dataset on self-government agreements and confidential microdata to perform the analysis. My results support the notion that we can treat self-government treatment variables as exogenous, when controlling for reserve fixed effects. This is not an onerous condition to impose. Specifically, I do not find any factors of economic or statistical significance for claims for my richest and most-preferred specification, which includes controlling for reserve fixed effects. Contrary to the results for claims, I find that education and income are important factors for implementation, but only conditional on a reserve having previously made a claim. However, this significance disappears, once I relax this condition and compare the determinants of implementation against reserves that may or may not have made a claim.
The third essay examines the substantial impacts of a targeted policy that provides postsecondary tuition and living expense subsidies for Aboriginal Canadians. To identify the effects of the policy, I exploit a reform of the policy's eligibility requirements in 1985 that lead to a large increase in the number of individuals with access to the subsidies. My results indicate that the reform lead to economically and statistically significant increases in the likelihood of attaining any post-secondary education for a group of women whose eligibility was particularly targeted by the reform and for women generally. These increases range from about 4 to 7 percentage points. The effects for men are positive, but much smaller and not significant.
11
Svoboda, Miroslav. "Philosophical-Methodological Problems of Economics: Project of Economic Phenomenology". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191793.
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In recent years, the economic approach to human behavior has been challenged by contributions of cognitive science. Thus two methodological strands in economics disagree with each other: the objectivistic approach favors the methods of natural science; the subjectivistic approach takes the teleological structure of human action as its cornerstone. It is argued that the position of the latter has been undermined and often degraded to a mere instrumentalist tool because it builds upon the primitive version of the teleological structure. Its deeper realist analysis is needed, which is the task for economic phenomenology: it identifies invariant pragmatic structures of human action, with various degrees of their anonymity. If the economic approach is founded on those structures adequately, then both rational choice theory and bounded rationality theories become compatible, as they differ in their degrees of anonymity only; they both belong to the body of the (subjectivistic) economic approach to human behavior. Economic phenomenology also offers a solution to the phenomenon of inconsistency of human action which is documented by cognitive sciences as a proof of human irrationality. The thesis shows that once the decision maker's description of the choice is allowed, inconsistency may disappear. Consistency is a matter of thinking, not acting. Therefore, a conceptual analysis of human thinking is needed. An example of the analysis is presented. It concentrates on the phenomenon of Self and works up the concept of the horizontality of Self. With this concept, inconsistency of human action is derived as a natural characteristic of our being-in-the-world. Inconsistency of human action is a pragmatic structure of human action, which even allows the decision maker some intentional control.
12
Verdelin, Nicolaj. "Topics in public economics : Taxation, provision, and economic efficiency". Kbh. : Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, 2009. http://www.econ.ku.dk/Forskning/Publikationer/ph.d_serie_2007-/red133.pdf/.
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Rathke, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Essays in Monetary Economics and Economic Development / Alexander Rathke". Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/107408778X/34.
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Bai, Yu <1985>. "Three Essays in Economics of Education and Economic History". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8805/1/Final_thesis_Yu.pdf.
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This dissertation consists of three essays in Economics of Education and Economic History. The first essay “Disentangling the Effects of Education on Health: A Sibling-pair Analysis” examines the causal effect of education on long-run physical health, using survey data on matched siblings. The second chapter “Good Bye Chiang Kai-shek? The Long-Lasting Effects of
Education under the Authoritarian Regime in Taiwan” analyzes whether experiencing an authoritarian regime at an early age have long-lasting effects on people’s political outcomes, such as political attitudes, voting behavior, and national identity? The third chapter “Quantity-Quality Trade-off in Northeast China during the Qing Dynasty” paints a detailed picture of how, in the absence of an industrialization process, the regional popularization of education shaped the trade-off between human capital and fertility decisions in Northeast China during the Qing Dynasty.
15
Williams, Paul S. "Hermeneutics for economists the relevance of the Bible to economics /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Peysakhovich, Alexander. "Essays in Behavioral Economics". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10686.
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Essays in this dissertation cover three topics in behavioral economics: social preferences, ambiguity aversion and self-control. The first essay, based on work with Aurelie Ouss, studies the behavior of individuals making decisions to punish norm violators. It addresses two types of questions. First, what parameters affect these punishment decisions? Second, what do outcomes look like when these decisions are aggregated? Experimental data show that individual punishment decisions appear to respond to individual cost and not necessarily social cost. Additionally, individuals appear not to take the probability that violators will be apprehended into account. Finally, punishment by others does not act as a perfect substitute for own punishment. These combined effects mean that aggregate levels of punishment rarely resemble those in line with commonly used benchmarks such as optimal deterrence. The second essay, based on work with Uma Karmarkar, studies how information affects valuation of ambiguous financial prospects. Experimental results show that across several domains individual valuations appear to react much more strongly to favorable information than unfavorable information. Additional studies indicate that this effect is driven by two mechanisms. The first is a bias towards the integration of favorable information. The second is an effect of ambiguity aversion, individuals appear to be averse to subjective ignorance and so unfavorable information has a positive component: it removes some of this uncertainty. The final essay looks at how dual-self (Fudenberg-Levine (2006)) decision makers can use commitment contracts to combat self-control problems and implement long-run optimal behavior. The main results show that both stick contracts, which levy a fine when an individual gives in to a temptation, and carrot contracts, which give rewards for resisting, can simulate binding commitments. However, carrots have several advantages over sticks. Sticks create a temptation to cancel the contract, carrots are less vulnerable to trembles and finally carrots allow for more flexibility.Economics
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Nagatsu, Michiru. "Psychologizing economic man : foundational problems of economics and cognitive science". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/85173.
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This is a philosophical study of economics and cognitive psychology as sciences of human behaviour. Boundaries and interactions of the two sciences are examined with a close look at the experimental studies on judgement and decision making, and on strategic interaction in games. I argue, against conceptual scepticism, that not only is a science of human behaviour possible, but it is exemplified by both economics and psychology, which have been striving to measure decision-relevant psychological quantities and explain the behavioural anomalies that have emerged as a result of theoretical and empirical progress in measurement and experimentation. The dialectics of ‘crises and responses’ involved in this process reveals various ways in which representations, models and experiments are employed in the laboratory. I emphasize the precision of measurement and the severity of test as important methodological values in scientific progress, and argue that these values are the basis of theoretical progress. I explore alternative ways in which economic models of rational choice can be informed by psychology, and argue that a successful model should incorporate empirical findings from social and cognitive psychology, instead of maintaining familiar economic modelling strategies while relying on folk psychological intuitions. I propose that, in addition to modelling human behaviour as utility maximization, explicitly modelling human reasoning qua cognitive process may be the key to success. I point out two metaphysical stances—mechanistic and functional—implicit in the debates over the prospect of neuroeconomics, and consider their methodological implications to the study of human cognition and behaviour. I argue that it is unlikely that neuroscience will radically eliminate constructs of economic theory such as beliefs and preferences, based on the observation that recent brain-imaging studies of individual decision making largely presuppose constructs of cogntive psychology.
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Santos, Eliane Teixeira dos. "Impactos econômicos de desastres naturais em megacidades: o caso dos alagamentos em São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-17022014-143009/.
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A cidade de São Paulo, que abriga 11 milhões de habitantes, sofre constantemente os efeitos dos alagamentos provocados pelas precipitações intensas. Esses alagamentos ocorrem todo verão, em diversas partes da cidade. Além das perdas e inconvenientes sofridos pelos residentes, os alagamentos produzem prejuízos que ultrapassam as fronteiras da cidade, afetando a renda e o produto da região metropolitana, de outras partes do estado e do país. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar os impactos econômicos dos alagamentos na cidade de São Paulo por meio do uso de um modelo espacial de Equilíbrio Geral Computável, integrado a informações georreferenciadas relacionadas à localização dos pontos de alagamento e às firmas dentro dos raios de influência. Estima-se que os alagamentos contribuem para a redução do crescimento da cidade e do bem estar de seus residentes, além de prejudicar a competitividade local nos mercados doméstico e internacional. Foi identificada uma taxa de dano intra-cidade de 2,1, e uma taxa de impacto total de 4,9 para a economia brasileira.The city of São Paulo, home to 11 million people, suffers constantly the effects of flooding caused by extreme precipitation. Localized floods occur every summer in various parts of the city. Besides the losses and inconvenience felt by the residents, floods produce damages that cross the city boundaries, affecting income and output in the metropolitan area as well as in other parts of the state and the country. The objective of this study is to evaluate the economic impacts of floods in the city of São Paulo through the use of a spatial Computable General Equilibrium model integrated to GIS information related to the location of points of floods and the firms within their influence. It is estimated that floods contributed to reduce city growth and residents welfare, as well as to hamper local competitiveness in both domestic and international markets. An intra-city total impact-damage ratio of 2.1 and an economy-wide total impact-damage ratio of 4.9 were found.
19
Petersen, Hans-Georg, Klaus Müller, Michael Hüther, Christoph Sowada, Atanas Christev e Felix FitzRoy. "Taxes, transfers, economic efficiency and social justice : essays on public economics 1979 – 2009. - Chapter 4: Economics of transformation". Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5040/.
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This volume contains the articles and papers which predominately have been published in international journals or edited volumes in the period from 1979 to 2009. The single articles reflect the main research areas of the editor and his co-authors who were engaged at the Kiel Institute of World Economics, the Johannes-Kepler-University Linz/Austria, the Justus- Liebig-University Giessen, the University of Potsdam, and the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin).
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Koch, Paul R. Rhodes Dent. "Judgments of value in undergraduate economics instruction". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1994. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9521336.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994.Title from title page screen, viewed April 11, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Dent M. Rhodes (chair), Larry D. Kennedy, Thomas F. Ryan, Bernard J. McCarney. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-111) and abstract. Also available in print.
21
Chingambo, Chanda Lloyd John. "Destabilisation and SADCC : the politics and economics of economic integration". Thesis, University of Kent, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278088.
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Arvanitidis, Paschalis A. "Property market and urban economic development : an institutional economics approach". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288280.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the property market and urban economic development. The impetus for the research lies in the rapid process of urban economic change and the failure of economic approaches to explore adequately the important role of the property market in that process. The study draws on institutional economics to advance the argument that the property market as an institution is a mediator through which economic potential can be realised and served. Due to major philosophical and theoretical deficiencies in the area, focus is placed on the establishment of an appropriate philosophical framework, the development of a new theory, and the specification of a research design for empirical investigation of the issues. The thesis's foremost contribution therefore lies in the formation of a holistic research programme to conceptualise the property market as an institution and to explore its role within the urban economy. Critical realist principles provide the basis for the development of the philosophical position of the study. These are combined with institutionalist insights to construct a three-layer ontological framework discussing the nature of urban socioeconomy. The thesis then lays down a rich theory of urban economic organisation, placing explicit emphasis on the institutional mechanisms, processes and dynamics through which the built environment is provided. The interrelation between property market process and the wider institutional environment is explored, particularly in terms of efficiency in providing appropriate market institutions and property outcomes that support urban economic potential. From this discussion the institutionalist concept of 'property market purpose efficiency' is developed. Building upon the conceptual framework, the thesis explicitly addresses the requirements for concrete analysis. It, first, lays down a generic analytical approach specifying appropriate research methods and techniques for investigation, and, second, sets up a research design providing an operational frame in which developed theory is translated into empirical practice. This research design provides a blueprint for empirical case studies. Finally, a case study of Madrid is employed to empirically explore the research design.
23
Almásy, Michael. "Accounting and economics: Influence of accounting methods on economic indicators". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72865.
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The way the economic reality is observed is essential in order to determine decision-making of economic subjects. The picture of economic reality drawn by accounting can be said to be either the true and fair, or biased. If the latter is the case, how much does that bias translate into the quality of economic decision-making? In summary, the paper analyzes whether accounting should provide the fair and true view whether it does, and how it affects the economic behavior when it does not on both micro-economic and macro-economic level. The arguments are built up on a logical structure rather taking a broader multidisciplinary approach to answer the previously stated questions.
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Thomas, Alex M. "Consumption and Economic Growth in the Framework of Classical Economics". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14130.
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This thesis is first and foremost an exploration of classical economics with consumption as its focus. It is the latter which distinguishes the present work from the already existing and growing literature on classical economics. The distinctive nature of the theory of value and distribution and the theory of activity levels and growth in classical economics and Marx is analysed and interpreted in chapters 2 to 9, which deal respectively with Cantillon, Quesnay, Turgot, Steuart, Smith, Ricardo, Sismondi and Malthus. The analytical separability between the theory of value and distribution and the theory of activity levels and growth emerges clearly in these chapters. The development of the role of consumption in economic growth, within the classical theoretical framework, particularly from Sismondi and Malthus, is then traced through Marx, Luxemburg and Kalecki – Marx and Luxemburg in particular working within that classical framework. Hence, the thesis we put forward is that the problem of demand insufficiency present in classical economics and Marx, but not satisfactorily formulated or theorized, finds an analytical resolution in Kalecki, via Luxemburg, independent of Keynes. Both Kalecki and Keynes articulate clearly the coordination mechanism between planned saving and planned investment which occurs via changes in aggregate activity levels. In classical economics, most notably in Smith and Ricardo, planned saving is one and the same as planned investment (our latter-day terms); but this assumption is untenable in any economy where saving and investment decisions are decentralised. Finally, in chapter 12, a simple demand-led growth model is presented. Consumption, especially autonomous consumption, is shown to play a decisive role. The last section of the chapter notes the affinities between classical economics and demand-led growth. This reflective section affirms the enduring relevance of the theoretical framework of the classical economists and Marx.
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Loureiro, Pedro Mendes 1987. "Poder de estado e o capital : uma apreciação crítica da transição para o estado capitalista contemporâneo e da relação entre o político e o econômico em Bob Jessop". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286093.
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Orientador: Mauricio Chalfin CoutinhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Encaminha-se com este trabalho uma discussão do pensamento de Bob Jessop, focada na transição que propõe para a forma estatal contemporânea e em sua compreensão da relação entre o econômico e o político. Com vistas a tanto, primeiramente se apresenta de maneira esquemática como o autor entende a conformação tendencial do Schumpeterian workfare postnational regime (SWPR) a partir da crise do fordismo e de sua forma estatal, o Estado nacional keynesiano de bem-estar (ENKBE). Em seguida, apresenta-se o processo de construção teórica de Jessop e suas principais posições metateóricas, para então propor leitura de sua obra que destaca como o autor constrói uma compreensão crescentemente complexa da relação entre o político e o econômico. Vê-se como um ponto central nisso a recusa de tomar por dada a unidade substantiva de seguidas dimensões das formações sociais, a exemplo do poder de Estado e das formas da acumulação de capital. Neste processo, o autor mobiliza cada vez mais numerosos conceitos estratégicos de grau de abstração intermediário a indicar a possiblidade contingente de garantir-se tal unidade. Interpreta-se, igualmente, que as reformulações que leva a cabo são centralmente motivadas pela tentativa de evitar o politicismo. Feito isso, cobrem-se debates recentes relacionados à transição do ENKBE para o SWPR, bem como se discutem certas agendas de pesquisa associadas ao tema. Por fim, apresenta-se reavaliação da proposta de transição de Jessop sob a luz da evolução teórica do próprio autor e das questões que emergem dos debates contemporâneos. Sugere- se que as críticas de funcionalismo, estruturalismo e determinismo econômico que lhe foram dirigidas podem ser evitadas se feita referência a sua obra mais ampla. Neste sentido, argumenta se que sua narrativa da emergência da forma estatal contemporânea pode ser melhor apreciada se vista como parte de uma agenda de pesquisa em aberto, que necessariamente deve transitar entre dimensões abstratas-simples e concreto-complexas. Indicam-se também algumas reorientações que se consideram mais frutíferas, nomeadamente: i) estudar o pós-fordismo no quadro de um "capitalismo variegado"; ii) desenvolver explicitamente um quadro teórico evolucionário para a interpretação da relação entre o político e o econômico; e iii) enxergar a articulação entre as diferentes formas do capital sob um único regime de acumulação a se desenvolver em cada tempo e espaço, e não através de regimes concorrentes
Abstract: We herein discuss the work of Bob Jessop, focusing on the transition he proposes to the contemporary state form and on his understanding of the relationship between the economic and the political. In order to do so, we first schematically present how the author suggests that the Schumpeterian workfare post-national regime (SWPR) tendentially emerges out of the crisis of Fordism and its state form - the Keynesian welfare national state (KWNS). We then present Jessop's theory-building process and his main meta-theoretical positions. Following this, we propose a reading of the author's works that highlights how he develops a growingly complex understanding of the relationship between the economic and the political. A central point in this regards how he successively comes to deny the a priori substantive unity of various aspects of social formations, such as state power and the forms of capital accumulation, while in the same process mobilising an ever-greater number of middle-range strategic concepts that indicate the contingent possibility of securing such unity. We also suggest that most of Jessop's theoretical shifts and reformulations in this dimension are fundamentally motivated by attempts at avoiding politicism. Having done so, we cover recent debates and research agendas related to the transition from the KWNS to the SWPR. We finally reassess Jessop's proposed transition in light of his own theoretical evolution and of the issues that emerge from the contemporary debates. We suggest that the critiques some authors have voiced of functionalism, structuralism and economic determinism might be avoided if one refers to Jessop's oeuvre as whole. In this sense, we propose that the latter's account of the emergence of the current state form can be better appreciated if seen as part of an open research agenda, which must spiral through abstract-simple and concrete-complex levels. We also propose some shifts to this agenda, namely: i) to investigate post-Fordism in the framework of a 'variegated capitalism'; ii) developing an explicitly evolutionary theoretical approach to the relationship between the economic and the political; and iii) to study the articulation of the different forms of capital under a single regime of accumulation in each space and time, and not through competing regimes
Mestrado
Teoria Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
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Kubota, So. "Essays on Macroeconomics and Family Economics". Thesis, Princeton University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10621822.
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My dissertation contributes to quantitative macroeconomic approaches to family economics. Compared to dominant microeconometric methods, macroeconomic models have advantages in understanding economic mechanisms behind social phenomena, measuring general equilibrium effects, obtaining quantitative impacts of economic factors, making international comparisons and conducting policy experiments. This thesis applies macroeconomic methods and explores the determinants of family behaviors, particularly female labor supply.
In the first chapter, I study the decline in the female labor force participation rate in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s. This chapter shows that structural changes in the child care market play a substantial role in influencing the evolution of female labor force participation. I provide new estimates of long-term trends in the child care market that hourly expenditures rose by 32% and hours of daycare used declined by 27%. I propose a life-cycle model of married couples and predict that the rise in child care costs leads to a 5% decline in total employment of females, holding all else constant.
In the second chapter, I further study the causes of the increase in child care costs in the United States. I propose a hypothesis that expansion of child care subsidies to lower income households distorted the incentives for home-based child care providers. I provide a simple and tractable model of the child care market to analytically and numerically explain the hypothesis. I also propose the empirical evidence in the period of expanding child care subsidies to support the hypothesis.
In the third chapter, I study the world’s largest decline in the female labor force participation rate in Turkey: it has fallen from 72% in 1955 to 29% in 2011. This chapter argues that, (i) the main industry has shifted from agriculture to non-agriculture, (ii) because of the social stigma against non-family market work for Turkish women, they have failed to move from agriculture to other sectors. I propose a simple general equilibrium model and conduct a cross-country comparison. The model captures the Turkish decline well with the stigma effect. This chapter suggests a quantitative importance of cultural factors.
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Kim, Sok Won. "Essays on monetary economics and financial economics". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1770.
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Blincoe, Nicholas Joseph. "Derrida and economics : the economics of depression". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57034/.
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Derrida and Economics analyses two essays of Jacques Derrida on the Public and Democracy, alongside other essays reflecting these political works. However, Derrida's political thought will be taken seriously by emphasising Economics before Politics. Economics will be viewed as a detour, a detour inflecting every attempt to present a meaningful political position or stable political realm. For Derrida, economics has the force of an oblique ruse. Derrida ADd BconoDdcs aligns Derrida's view of economics with the Eighteenth Century realisation that a stable SOciety, analogous to the Antique ideal of the Polis, is neither a common goal nor a proper object for Political philosophy. Here, Classical economics emerges as an oblique attempt to construct the conditions for the possibility of a political body through economic relations. This epistemological 'en passant' is familiar, in Britain, as Adam Smith's' Invisible Hand'. For Derrida, the equi valent Continental ruse is distinguished by a faith in 'dialectical idealisation'; a process bent upon securing an idealised po 11 tical space, but unable to limit its more speculati ve drifts. If Classical economics represents an attempt to construct the possibility of the Body Politic, Derrida's political essays deconstruct this possibility. His emphasiS upon the 'possible' highlights the effects of risk and competition in an economy that could never comfortably be identified wi th a stable Polt tical realm. For Derrida, economics is not simply an attempt to secure or rewrite more direct Political discourses. As he argues, its every detour is haunted by the possibility of speculative failure. Derrida argues an enthusiasm for economics can also imply a preoccupation with the finitude of the Body Politic. This observation allows him to comment upon the valorisation of death or redundancy in certain poli tical discourses; i. e. those analyses that, in the throes of Depression, remain devoted to the idea of redundancy as though to the object of a renewed political will.
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Zawisza, Tomasz. "Essays in public economics and health economics". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277511.
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In Chapter 1 of this thesis we examine two key empirical questions in public economics by exploiting the 2009 Polish tax reforms. First, we estimate the degree of substitution between employment and self-employment tax bases – on the extensive margin. In particular, we quantify the impact of changes in the differential in rates of taxation between the two tax bases on the propensity of taxpayers to declare any positive level of employment or self-employment income. Second, we contribute to the literature on elasticities of taxable income on the intensive margin – the responsiveness of taxable income to changes in marginal tax rates – by providing estimates which are more likely to be robust to changes in year-to-year income dynamics than previous estimates. To identify these effects, we exploit variation in marginal and total tax rates around the 2009 reforms which occurs independently of an individual’s position in the income distribution as a result of joint reporting with a spouse. At the same time, to obtain the extensive-margin responses, we exploit the uniqueness of the 2009 Polish tax reforms, which left the tax schedule un-changed for some types of self-employment while changing the tax schedule for the employed. The baseline estimates of the intensive-margin elasticities are around 0.2-0.3 for the employed and around 0.5-0.7 for the self-employed. The estimates jointly make possible the decomposition of the deadweight losses of the tax reform into intensive and extensive-margin responses, with the contribution of the extensive margin found to be around 7% of the total. In Chapter 2, we examine the optimal non-linear taxation in an environment in which individuals have the option of engaging in either employment or self-employment activity. We build on the estimates from Chapter 1 to calibrate an extension of the classic Mirrleesian model which allows for extensive-margin transitions between employment and self-employment. The results help rationalise the preferential tax treatment of self-employment income versus employment income given in certain tax systems. They also illustrate the ways in which the possibility of extensive-margin transitions between tax bases moderate the incentive to give such preferential treatment. Based on the parameterisation here, the presence of the extensive-margin ap- pears to have a limited impact on the optimal marginal and total tax rates faced by the employed and self-employed. This, together with the earlier decomposition of deadweight losses in Chapter 1 by types of response, points towards a limited role of the extensive margin as a consideration for optimal-tax design, at least as far as the employment and self-employment tax bases are concerned. Chapter 3 turns to a fundamental question in health economics: how do health states change over the life-cycle, and how does the risk of adverse health-shocks change over the life-cycle? Most economic models of individuals’ behaviour over the life-cycle, to the extent to which they incorporate a measure of health risk, assume a simplified unidimensional measure of health. We contribute to this literature by estimating a flexible dynamic factor model of health and health risk over an individual’s life using the rich health data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We find that the many potentially collinear health indicators found in the HRS can broadly be summarized into four underlying factors. Three of these correspond to what may be termed subjective health measures, such as self-reported mobility, while a fourth corresponds to objective measures, including the number of overnight hospital stays, doctor visits and medical spending. The persistence of these underlying factors and the variance of their shocks are estimated as parameters of a vector auto-regressive process. We obtain results about the deterministic evolution of the health factors with age, the level of risk relating to each health measure, as well as heterogeneity by level of education. These are intended as building blocks of an ongoing project concerning the optimal design of disability insurance, given the health risks faced by individuals.
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NARCISO, GAIA. "Essays on political economics and development economics". Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11565/4051033.
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Jo, Tae-Hee Lee Frederic S. "Microfoundations of effective demand". Diss., UMK access, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007."A dissertation in economics and social science consortium." Advisor: Frederic S. Lee. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed July 30, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-220). Online version of the print edition.
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Jorge, Fernandes Mata Tiago. "Dissent in economics : making radical political economics and post Keynesian economics, 1960-1980". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2691/.
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The history of dissent in economics has thus far been subject to scant interest. The existing scholarship, authored by dissenters probing their own past, has failed to address the crucial questions of how dissent emerged and rooted itself. This study is about two dissenting communities, Radical Political Economics and Post Keynesian Economics. I review the circumstances that led to their emergence in the late 1960s and early 1970s. I draw from the histories of religious and scientific dissent to explore the making of the dissenters' challenge to the economics orthodoxy. Notably, I use the concept of boundary work to analyse the debates between dissenters and mainstream. The history of Radical Political Economics begins with the founding in 1968 of the Union for Radical Political Economics. Onto this Union converged a generation of young radicalised academics that sought to unite their political interests and their scholarly pursuits. After a period devoted to the design of a "paradigm of conflict," radicals turned to outreach work with popular movements. The new commitment brought divisive political identities into their Union that barred any agreement on a programme to transform economics. Post Keynesian Economics emerged in the aftermath of debates on capital theory between Cambridge left Keynesians and neoclassical economists. With the conviction that the debates signalled the emergence of a new theory in economics, American dissenters decided to ally with the Cambridge critics. The content of the alliance was redefined many times in the 1970s by a succession of spokespersons for the group. Of this period resulted a weakly bound community joined by a sense of shared ancestry. The two case studies reveal the diverse resources and allies that dissenters mustered for their battle with the economics orthodoxy. They show how the dissenters' challenge shaped the boundaries of their communities and the content of their identity.
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Booysen, Frederik Le Roux. "The measurement of economic development : alternative composite indices". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51995.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The success of policies aimed at economic development cannot be monitored and evaluated without development indicators. These indicators are also crucial in comparing levels of development across time and space so as to come a greater understanding of the development process. Yet, economic development does not mean the same thing to everyone. As a result, there exists a variety of indicators of economic development. Five main classes of development indicators are distinguished on the basis of the shift over time in our understanding of economic development (Chapter 1). A distinction is drawn between indicators of national income and economic growth (Chapter 3), employment, unemployment and underemployment (Chapter 4), and poverty and inequality (Chapter 5). Social indicators (Chapter 6) and composite indices (Chapter 7) of economic development represent two futher classes of development indicators. These indicators differ in terms of their content, method and technique, comparative application, simplicity, clarity, focus, availability and flexibility. These main classes of development indicators are evaluated with reference to these dimensions of measurement which are described in detail in Chapter 2. There is no one indicator that can be described as an ideal, all encompassing measure of economic development, at least not in terms of its performance on these dimensions of measurement. Hence, the measurement of development remains imperfect, but nonetheless makes an invaluable contribution to the study of economic development. In fact, development studies will be impossible without access to such a variety of development indicators. Given the importance of development indicators in development studies, two new composite indices of development are presented here to address two specific gaps in indicator research. Indices of Human Security (HSIs) and Inefficiency ratios are developed to determine the extent to which countries have made progress on human security as defined by the UNDP (Chapter 8). Progress is assessed in terms of both effort and outcomes, as well as the extent to which efforts are actually translated into outcomes. Indices of Reconstruction and Development (RDIs) are employed to measure the extent to which the nine provinces of South Africa have made progress on the development objectives described in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) (Chapter 9). The measurement results suggest that there remain substantial disparities in progress on both human security and reconstruction and development. These new composite indices are also employed to determine those development characteristics associated with progress on human security and reconstruction and development. So, for example, disparities in human security are associated with certain urban and population dynamics, as well as communications capacity and infrastructural development. Progress on reconstruction and development is associated with lower population pressure, higher matric pass rates, less poverty and inequality, and more political representativeness at the provincial level. The RDIs also underscore the extent to which progress on the RDP has not materialised in rural areas. Furthermore, current provincial disparities in progress on reconstruction and development appear still to be indicative of the racial dynamics of development so characteristic of the Apartheid era.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is onmoontlik om sonder ontwikkelingsindikatore die sukses van beleid wat gemik is op ekonomiese ontwikkeling te moniteer of te evalueer. Ontwikkelingsindikatore IS ook onontbeerlik III die vergelyking van ontwikkelingsvlakke oor tyd en ruimte om sodoende 'n beter begrip van die ontwikkelingsproses te verkry. Ekonomiese ontwikkeling het egter nie dieselfde betekenis vir almal nie. Gevolglik bestaan daar 'n verskeidenheid van ontwikkelingsindikatore. Vyf hoofklasse van ontwikkelingsindikatore word onderskei op grond van verskuiwings oor tyd in die interpretasie van ekonomiese ontwikkeling (Hoofstuk 1). 'n Onderskeid word getref tussen maatstawwe van nasionale inkome en ekonomiese groei (Hoofstuk 3), indiensname, werkloosheid en onderindiensname (Hoofstuk 4), en armoede en ongelykheid (Hoofstuk 5). Sosiale indikatore (Hoofstuk 6) en saamgestelde indekse (Hoofstuk 7) van ekonomiese ontwikkeling verteenwoordig twee verdere groepe indikatore. Hierdie indikatore verskil in terme van hul inhoud, metode en tegniek, vergelykende toepassing, eenvoud, duidelikheid, fokus, beskikbaarheid en buigsaamheid. Hierdie hoofklasse van ontwikkelingsindikatore word geëvalueer met verwysing na hierdie dimensies van meting, wat in groter besonderhede in Hoofstuk 2 bespreek word. Daar is nie een indikator wat beskryfkan word as 'n ideale, allesomvattende maatstafvan ekonomiese ontwikkeling nie, ten minste nie in terme van die prestasie daarvan op hierdie dimensies van meting nie. Gevolglik is die meting van ekonomiese ontwikkeling onvolmaak, alhoewel dit 'n onskatbare bydrae lewer tot die studie van ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Om die waarheid te sê, ontwikkelingstudies salonmoontlik wees sonder toegang tot so 'n verskeidenheid van ontwikkelingsindikatore. Gegewe die belangrikheid van ontwikkelingsmaatstawwe In ontwikkelingstudies, word twee nuwe saamgestelde indekse hier aangebied om twee spesifieke gapings in navorsing oor ontwikkelingsmaatstawwe aan te spreek. Indekse van Menslike Sekuriteit (MSls) en Ondoeltreffendheidsratio's word ontwikkelom te bepaal tot watter mate lande vordering gemaak het in menslike sekuriteit, soos definieer deur die UNDP (Hoofstuk 8). Vordering word gemeet in terme van sowel pogings en uitkomste as die mate waartoe pogings werklik in uitkomste omskep word. In Hoofstuk 9 word Indekse van Heropbou en Ontwikkeling (HOIs) gebruik om te meet tot watter mate die nege provinsies in Suid-Afrika vordering gemaak het in die bereiking van die ontwikkelingsdoelwitte wat uitgespel word in die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP). Die metingsresultate dui daarop dat daar wesenlike ongelykhede bestaan in beide menslike sekuriteit en heropbou en ontwikkeling. Hierdie nuwe saamgestelde indekse word ook gebruik om te bepaal met watter ontwikkelingskenmerke ongelykhede in menslike sekuriteit en heropbou en ontwikkeling geassosieer word. So, byvoorbeeld, toon dispariteite in menslike sekuriteit 'n verband met sowel stedelike en bevolkingsdinamika as kapasiteit in kommunikasie en infrastruktuur. Vordering in heropbou en ontwikkeling word ook geassosieer met laer bevolkingsdruk, beter matrikulasieresultate, minder armoede en inkomste-ongelykheid, en wyer politieke verteenwoordiging op provinsiale vlak. Die indekse beklemtoon ook die mate waartoe vordering met die HOP nog nie in landelike gebiede gematerialiseer het nie. Verder wil dit voorkom asof huidige provinsiale ongelykhede in vordering met heropbou en ontwikkeling steeds kenmerkend is van die rasse-dinamika agter ontwikkeling wat so kenmerkend was van die Apartheidsera.
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Mishra, Khushbu. "Three Essays on Gender and Development Economics: pathways to close gender-related economic gaps in developing agrarian economies in areas of asset, risk, and credit constraints". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499095625448078.
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Aiginger, Karl. "The Great Recession versus the Great Depression: Stylized Facts on Siblings That Were Given Different Foster Parents". Kiel Institute for the World Economy, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2010-18.
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This paper compares the depth of the recent crisis and the Great Depression. We use a new data set to compare the drop in activity in the industrialized countries for seven activity indicators. This is done under the assumption that the recent crisis leveled off in mid-2009 for production and will do so for unemployment in 2010. Our data indicate that the recent crisis indeed had the potential to be another Great Depression, as shown by the speed and simultaneity of the decline in the first nine months. However, if we assume that a large second dip can be avoided, the drop in all indicators will have been smaller than during the Great Depression. This holds true specifically for GDP, employment and prices, and least for manufacturing output. The difference in the depth in the crises concurs with differences in policy reaction. This time monetary policy and fiscal policy were applied courageously, speedily and partly internationally coordinated. During the Great Depression for several years fiscal policy tried to stabilize budgets instead of aggregate demand, and either monetary policy was not applied or was rather ineffective insofar as deflation turned lower nominal interest rates into higher real rates. Only future research will be able to prove the exact impact of economic policy, but the current tentative conclusion is that economic policy prevented the recent crisis from developing into a second Great Depression. This is also a partial vindication for economists. The majority of them might not have been able to predict the crisis, but the science did learn its lesson from the Great Depression and was able to give decent policy advice to at least limit the depth of the recent crisis. (author's abstract)
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Wäckerle, Manuel. "On the Bottom-up Foundations of the Banking-Macro Nexus". Kiel Institute for the World Economy, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2013-40.
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The complexity of credit-money is conceived as the central issue in the banking-macro nexus, which the author considers as a structural as well as process component of the evolving economy. This nexus is significant for the stability as well as the fragility of the economic system, because it connects the monetary with the real domain of economic production and consumption. The evolution of credit rules shapes economic networks between households, firms, banks, governments and central banks in space and time. The properties and characteristics of this evolutionary process are discussed in three sections. First, the author looks into the origins of the theory of money and its role for contemporary monetary economics. Second, he briefly discusses current theoretical foundations of top-down as well as bottom-up approaches to the banking-macro nexus, such as dynamic stochastic general equilibrium and agent-based models. In the third part he suggests an evolutionary framework, building on a generic rule-based approach, to arrive at standards for bottom-up foundations in agent-based macroeconomic models with a banking sector. (author's abstract)
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Farrell, Lisa. "The economics of lotteries". Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361832.
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The aim of this thesis is to consider the impact of lotteries on government revenue and consumer expenditure patterns. The analysis of lotteries is of interest because they are becoming increasingly popular as revenue raising instruments. They also provide a unique insight into risk seeking behaviour, since the purchase of lottery tickets represents the consumption of risk. Five aspects of lotteries are considered in relation to the UK National Lottery. Firstly, chapter 3 assesses the degree of substitution between risky gambles and riskless intertemporal income substitution. The fiscal nature of lotteries is considered in chapter 4, where we assess the role of lottery revenues in the tax system and model the effect of changes in direct taxes on the revenue raising potential of the lottery. We show the lottery is a normal good, and so lottery tax receipts are sensitive to changes in direct taxes. Chapter 6 estimates the price elasticity of demand for tickets using time series data. Price variation is identified through changes in the expected value of holding a ticket, which varies with sales and the occurrence of rollovers. Pooled cross-section data is employed in Chapter 7 to estimate the price elasticity of demand. Price variation is again identified through changes in the price of a ticket arising due to the presence of rollovers. Here, however, we also control for income effects, since individuals who participate in rollover weeks may be different from those who participate in normal weeks. We also estimate the income elasticity of demand, and the welfare benefit associated with the introduction of the lottery. Previous studies have tended to concentrate on losses suffered by players, but we show that utility maximising individuals must be substituting expenditure away from goods that yield lower utility, indicating an associated welfare gam from the lottery. Finally, the topical issue of addiction is considered in chapter 8. We find evidence that the lottery is addictive, though less addictive than smoking, and that rollovers are one possible cause of this addiction
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POSCH, Johanna Laurentia. "Essays in labour economics". Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/61308.
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Defence date: 21 February 2019Examining Board: Prof. Andrea Ichino, European University Institute (Supervisor); Prof. Andrea Mattozzi, European University Institute; Prof. Andreas Steinhauer, The University of Edinburgh; Prof. Josef Zweimüller, University of Zuric
The elderly are an ever-growing group of the population of western countries. Increasing their low employment rates is one of the greatest challenges we face in labour market policy today and is the subject of the first chapter of this thesis. I evaluate the labour market effects of partial retirement - that is a scheme that subsidises part-time work for older workers. It was introduced as an attempt to extend working lives by incentivising part-time employment after a certain age. I find that this policy had overwhelmingly negative effects on old-age labour supply as most workers substituted full-time work with part-time work in partial retirement without actually extending their active lives. Chapter 2 of this thesis is a reflection on the labour market situation of young workers with parental backgrounds that make it difficult for them to achieve their potential. When and where they are held back and whether an open labour market can compensate for this disadvantage is the subject of this chapter. I find that after entering the labour force, workers from disadvantaged backgrounds ”catch-up” in terms of wages with respect to their privileged peers with the same educational achievement. I explain this phenomenon in a setup of education signalling with noise and subsequent employer learning. In the third chapter my co-authors and I focus on the consequences of national wage setting mechanisms in countries with large geographic differences in labour productivity. We confront Germany with relatively flexible wage bargaining mechanisms and Italy with very rigid ones. We find that given the large productivity differences in both countries, Italy’s highly centralised bargaining system generates significant inefficiencies and high costs in terms of aggregate earnings and employment particularly in the South.
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Bosma-Donovan, Elizabeth. "Compassionate economics, local employment trading systems (LETS) towards alternative economic relationships". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/MQ45863.pdf.
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Russell, Phillip Byron. "Law and economics : an economic and legal analysis of US antitrust". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29530.
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Searle, Nicola C. "The economics of trade secrets : evidence from the Economic Espionage Act". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1632.
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This thesis reports on the economic analysis of trade secrets via data collected from prosecutions under the U.S. Economic Espionage Act (EEA.) Ratified in 1996, the EEA increases protection for trade secrets by criminalizing the theft of trade secrets. The empirical basis of the thesis is a unique database constructed using EEA prosecutions from 1996 to 2008. A critical and empirical analysis of these cases provides insight into the use of trade secrets. The increase in the criminal culpability of trade secret theft has important impacts on the use of trade secrets and the incentives for would-be thieves. A statistical analysis of the EEA data suggest that trade secrets are used primarily in manufacturing and construction. A cluster analysis suggests three broad categories of EEA cases based on the type of trade secret and the sector of the owner. A series of illustrative case studies demonstrates these clusters. A critical analysis of the damages valuations methods in trade secrets cases demonstrates the highly variable estimates of trade secrets. Given the criminal context of EEA cases, these valuation methods play an important role in sentencing and affect the incentives of the owners of trade secrets. The analysis of the lognormal distribution of the observed values is furthered by a statistical analysis of the EEA valuations, which suggests that the methods can result in very different estimates for the same trade secret. A regression analysis examines the determinants of trade secret intensity at the firm level. This econometric analysis suggests that trade secret intensity is negatively related to firm size. Collectively, this thesis presents an empirical analysis of trade secrets.
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Zimmermann, Claus D. "Essays on the law and economics of international economic dispute settlement". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010047.
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Faisant appel à des cadres méthodologiques d'économie du droit et d'économie politique, cette thèse en quatre articles entreprend une analyse de différents aspects clés du règlement des différends économiques internationaux, tout particulièrement du règlement des différends tel qu'entrepris sous les auspices de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC). Les aspects clés ainsi analysés concernent la décision des parties signataires d'un traité international d'accorder ou de refuser le droit de porter plainte à des personnes privées, leur choix de l'arsenal de contre-mesures ainsi que des détails relatifs aux mécanismes de mise en œuvre. L'article 1 analyse les fondements économiques du pouvoir que possèdent les gouvernements des pays membres de l'OMC de s'interposer en tant que filtres politiques ex ante de potentiels litiges, tout en contrastant cette analyse avec ce que l'on peut observer dans le domaine des investissements étrangers. L'article 2 se penche sur un thème d'économie du droit plus« classique» en démontrant que, même s'il n'a pas été conçu expressément pour encourager la rupture efficiente des obligations contenues dans les accords de l'OMC, le mécanisme actuel de règlement des différends à l'OMC facilite, de facto, le non-respect temporaire du droit de l'OMC. L'article 3 examine les principales alternatives à des mesures de rétorsion en tant que mesures de dernier recours. L'article 4 identifie les déficits de l'analyse conventionnel de pourquoi le système de règlement des différends à l'OMC n'a pas été équipé de mesures correctives rétrospectives mais seulement prospectives.
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Brugger, Antony. "Industrial economics within Whyalla : the economics of monopoly /". Title page and contents only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb891.pdf.
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Maslyukivska, O. "Ecological economics as the economics of sustainable development". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23063.
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Atallah, Samura. "Studies in Labor Economics, Organizational Economics, and Development". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26718720.
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The first chapter in this dissertation discusses the results of a field experiment that lasted three weeks at a firm in Saudi Arabia where we randomized an attention to variability or mindfulness training program. We conducted a baseline and end-line survey 3 months post training, collecting measures on non-cognitive skills, beliefs, affect, and employee performance and productivity. The training program was incentivized as managers’ reports on employees’ performance get reflected in future raises and bonus pay. We converted the measures to z-scores (unit standard deviation, mean zero) to standardize the scaling across measures. We found that mindfulness improved by 0.485 standard deviations in the treatment group. This effect is mediated by an increase in employees’ engagement. The extent to which locus of control is internal improved by 0.344 standard deviations, meaning that employees who took the training gave a greater weight to effort verses luck in determining their life outcomes. On the other hand, we found that work locus of control became more external by 0.646 standard deviations, and that employees perceived a greater degree of ethnic discrimination. On average, employees’ performance improved by about 0.5 standard deviations as measured by managers’ direct reports and punctuality. We explain the improvement in general locus of control but decrease in work locus of control with the gains in productivity and performance through a compensating story. Being more aware of variability has arguably led employees to perceive more discrimination in the environment, resulting in employees perceiving their work locus of control as more external. But employees improved their performance as a compensatory measure for perceived discrimination.
The second chapter discusses the results of two lab experiments where we measure the effects of a negative shock on wage under uncertainty on subsequent efforts decisions under certainty. We found that students in the negative shock treatment do not optimize their effort, decreasing their total payout. This is explained through a tax in beliefs on the relationship between effort and reward in life, and trust in life. Even though the lab experiment was local, the students generalize what they learnt to their life beliefs. Furthermore, we conduct a second experiment to test that it is the uncontrollability of the negative shock rather than the negative shock per se that caused this. While this is a lab experiment and it is likely that these effects do not last in the long term, these results can be put in perspective when one thinks about the uncontrollability of the shocks that the poor are exposed to in the long-term, and their effect on life beliefs and effort decisions.
The final chapter provides support to how the poor are more likely to experience learned helplessness and larger magnitude of learned helplessness. The effects of initial levels of capital, institutions, and differences in expected utility on learned helplessness is explored. We also provide evidence that once learned helplessness occurs, it is more likely that it will occur in the future providing evidence for poverty traps. We discuss the effects of noncognitive skills in decreasing the probability that learned helplessness will materialize, and in breaking the cycle.Public Policy
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Ibrahimo, Muradali Valimamade. "The economics of credit markets : theory and evidence". Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317856.
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Doutoramento em Economia.Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in credit markets for a number of reasons: first, credit markets perform important functions in any developed monetary economy, such as the sharing of risk between different individuals, the allocation of financial resources and the transmission of monetary policies; second. several influential theoretical studies have, by taking into consideration the idea of incomplete information, concluded that they operate in a very distinct way compared to most other markets, with equilibria in most cases exhibiting inefficiency; third, the new empirical research has provided support for the importance of the role played by the financial system in the determination of the real economic activity. This thesis examines the relevant works on credit, evaluates the explanatory power of the theories hitherto advanced and, more importantly, offers new theoretical and empirical studies which provide further insights into the subject. Part 1 is devoted to the microeconomic studies on credit with incomplete information. Assuming that borrowers are better informed than lenders about the quality of their investment projects, it derives several theoretical propositions which add to the understanding of credit market functioning. Moreover, it provides empirical evidence on the characteristics of random distributions of rates of return associated with industrial corporations. Part 2 is concerned with macroeconomic studies on credit in the context of the conventional ad-hoc approach with symmetric information. It shows how an explicit credit market may be incorporated in a standard macroeconomic model augmented with wealth effects and government budget constraint in order to allow the examination of issues, such as credit market shocks, that would not otherwise be possible. The thesis' mode of exposition is eclectic, using alternatively 'literary' reasoning, geometrical demonstrations and analytical proofs depending on the nature of the topics under consideration.
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Hurder, Stephanie Ruth. "Essays on Matching in Labor Economics". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11056.
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In this dissertation, I present three essays on matching and assignment in labor economics. The first chapter presents an integrated model of occupation choice, spouse choice, family labor supply, and fertility. Two key features of the model are that occupations differ both in wages and in an amenity termed flexibility, and that children require a nontrivial amount of parental time that has no market substitute. I show that occupations with more costly flexibility, modeled as a nonlinearity in wages, have a lower fraction of women, less positive assortative mating on earnings, and lower fertility among dual-career couples. Costly flexibility may induce high-earning couples to share home production, which rewards husbands who are simultaneously high-earning and productive in child care. Empirical evidence broadly supports the main theoretical predictions with respect to the tradeoffs between marriage market and career outcomes. In the second chapter, I use the University of Michigan Law School Alumni Survey to investigate the interaction between assortative mating and the career and family outcomes of high-ability women. Women with higher earnings potential at the time of law school graduation have higher-earning spouses and more children 15 years after graduation. As the earnings penalty from reduced labor supply decreased over the sample, women with higher-earning spouses and more children reported shorter work weeks and were less likely to be in the labor force. Decreasing the career cost of non-work may have the unintended result of reducing the labor supply of the highest-ability women, as their high-earning spouses give them the option to temporarily exit the labor force. The third chapter addresses specification choice in empirical peer effects models. Predicting the impact of altering composition on student outcomes has proven an unexpected challenge in the experimental literature. I use the experimental data of Duflo et al. (2011) to evaluate the out-of-sample predictive accuracy of popular reduced form peer effects specifications. I find that predictions of the impact of ability tracking on outcomes are highly sensitive to the choice of peer group summary statistics and functional form assumptions. Standard model selection criteria provide some guidance in selecting among peer effect specifications.
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Wallman, Andrew. "The Economic Impact of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City". Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/365.
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Thesis advisor: Christopher F. BaumThis paper seeks to estimate the impacts generated from the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Using a data set representing 76 metropolitan statistical areas in the western United States, and later 31 metropolitan statistical areas in Utah and its bordering neighbors, I construct an Arellano-Bond dynamic panel data regression that seeks to model metropolitan employment growth had the Olympics never taken place. With this logic I apply the Arellano- Bond regression to real personal income and real average wages, in a vector autoregression framework, estimating gains to those variables over a reasonable timeframe. The predictions from these variables are then compared to actual figures in which a picture of the economic impact of the 2002 Games is generated. Using out of sample predictions I estimate Salt Lake City's Olympic impact in employment is roughly between 20,487 and 36,150 job-years, between $ 381 and $ 2,470 to real per-capita personal income, and a decrease of $ 273 to $ 2004 in real average wages
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
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Ghadimi, Hodjatollah. "Economic development in economies with an exhaustible resource : a dynamic computable general equilibrium analysis for the case of Iran /". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1389273708.
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Walsh, Caroline. "The Effect of Violent Crime on Economic Mobility Across U.S. Commuting Zones". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1258.
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