Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Ecologie en résistance"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Ecologie en résistance"
Tindano, Elycée, Aїssata Traore e Paulin Ouoba. "Ecologie et mécanismes d’adaptation à la sécheresse de <i>Caralluma adscendens</i> N.E.Br. à l’Ouest du Burkina Faso". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, n.º 6 (18 de janeiro de 2024): 2412–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i6.22.
Texto completo da fonteDiaw, O. T., M. Seye e Y. Sarr. "Résistance à la sécheresse de mollusques du genre <em> Bulinus </em> vecteurs de trématodoses humaines et animales au Sénégal. II. Etude dans les conditions naturelles en zone Nord-soudanienne. Ecologie et résistance à la sécheresse de <em> Bulinus umbilicatus </em> et <em> B. sene </em>". Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 42, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 1989): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8827.
Texto completo da fonteChurch, Gregory, Charles Simpson, Mark Burow, Andrew Paterson e James Starr. "Use of RFLP markers for identification of individuals homozygous for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in peanut". Nematology 2, n.º 5 (2000): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509367.
Texto completo da fonteXuyen, Ngo Thi, Raf Verlinden, Ruth Stoffelen, Dirk De Waele e Rony Swennen. "Host plant response of Eumusa and Australimusa bananas (Musa spp.) to migratory endoparasitic and root-knot nematodes". Nematology 2, n.º 8 (2000): 907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100750112851.
Texto completo da fonteTOUMI, Mohamed, Selma BARRIS, Souhila BERKA e Fatiha AID. "Effets du stress hydrique sur la physiologie et la morphologie de plants du robinier, Robinia pseudoacacia, d’Algérie". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 354 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.354.a36854.
Texto completo da fonteOUAAR, Djilali, Aicha MEGHERBI BENALI, Fawzia TOUMI BENALI, Marie-France THÉVENON, Kévin CANDELIER, Luc PIGNOLET e Jean GÉRARD. "Durabilité naturelle et composition en extractibles du bois de Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus du Nord-Ouest de l’Algérie". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 350 (4 de janeiro de 2022): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.350.a36837.
Texto completo da fonteAMADJI, Togbé Armel, Edmond Codjo ADJOVI, Jean GÉRARD, Jonathan BARÉS e Vincent HUON. "Étude des propriétés technologiques d’un composite bois-plastique élaboré au Bénin". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 348 (5 de julho de 2021): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.348.a36750.
Texto completo da fonteMeunier, S., J. C. Ruel, G. Laflamme e A. Achim. "Résistance comparée de l'épinette blanche et du sapin baumier au renversement". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2002): 642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-212.
Texto completo da fonteFournier, D., M. Pralavorio, Y. Trottin-Caudal, J. Coulon, S. Malezieux e J. B. Berge. "Sélection artificielle pour la résistance au méthidathion chezPhytoseiulus persimilis A. H." Entomophaga 32, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02373132.
Texto completo da fonteGagnon, Robert R., Michel Chabot e Marius Pineau. "Effets de l'élagage sur la résistance électrique cambiale de la tige de jeunes Sapins baumiers". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 1988): 1655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-251.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Ecologie en résistance"
Goindin, Daniella. "Étude des résisatances aux insecticides et des réponses biologiques aux changements climatiques du moustique Aedes aegypti, vecteur de la Denguen du Chikungunya et du Zika en Guadeloupe". Thesis, Antilles, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANTI0054/document.
Texto completo da fonteGuadeloupe is an endemic country for Dengue with epidemics every 2 to 3 years. In the past 3 years, other arboviruses have reached the Americas with Chikungunya virus in 2013 and Zika virus in 2015, causing major epidemics including in Guadeloupe. The only known vector of these diseases in Guadeloupe is the mosquito Aedes aegypti. As there is no vaccine nor specific treatment against these infections, prevention against these diseases is achieved through the monitoring and control of mosquito populations. Monitoring methods are based mostly on larval indices, with sometimes controversial results. In addition, vector control methods are based since a very long time on the massive use of chemical insecticides, causing mosquito resistance to these products. This work has therefore focused on two main areas to improve the prevention and control of these arboviruses: i) the search of a new vector population monitoring tool, based on the physiology of adult females and ii) the assessment of the resistance levels and mechanisms regarding three chemical insecticides, Temephos, Malathion (used in the past) and Deltamethrin (currently used). A vector population monitoring model based on females life expectancy as a function of parity rates and according to temperatures has being developed, and tracks on the entomological situations most at risk have emerged. Insecticide resistance tests performed on mosquito larvae have generally found strong Temephos resistance levels and low resistance to Malathion. Adulticide tests showed a moderate resistance of females to Deltamethrin. Molecular investigations have shown very high allelic frequencies for kdr mutations V1016I and F1534C, known to be associated with pyrethroid resistance. Moreover, the evaluation of constitutive expression levels of some detoxification genes revealed significant overexpression in tested Aedes aegypti populations compared to the susceptible Bora-Bora strain, for the carboxy-choline-esterase CCEAE3A, four cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases (014614, CYP6M11, CYP6BB2 and CYP9J23) and the glutathione-S-transferase GSTE2
Pupier, Chloé A. "Ecologie nutritionnelle des octocoralliaires de Mer Rouge". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS036.
Texto completo da fonteOctocorals living in symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates are one of the major benthic groups of tropical coral reefs. They are notably abundant within disturbed ecosystems where environmental changes have led to the decline of reef-building corals. Although nutrition plays a fundamental role in regulating the abundance of a population, the acquisition of nutrients by octocorals has received little attention to date. The aims of this thesis were to characterize the acquisition and assimilation of autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrients by octocoral species from the Red Sea, from the shallow down to the upper mesophotic zone. The results show that the autotrophic carbon fixation in octocorals is lower at shallow depth compared to scleractinians, but equivalent at mesophotic depths. In addition, the assimilation of dissolved nitrogen compounds is lower in octocorals than in scleractinian corals. These results suggest that octocorals strongly depend on heterotrophic food sources to meet their nutritional requirements. Such mixotrophy provides octocorals with a wide trophic plasticity, which may contribute to their higher resistance to cope with already on-going environmental changes
Rouxel, Mélanie. "Ecologie et évolution de l’interaction Plasmopara viticola / Vitis spp. et évaluation des risques de contournement de la résistance de la vigne au mildiou". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22023/document.
Texto completo da fonteUnderstanding the process of adaptation of parasite populations to their host-plant is a key issue in evolutionary ecology. It is also a major subject in applied research that has implications for crop protection. The oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew, attacks the species of the Vitis genus. In a context where the main concern of the breeding programs is the durability of resistance, new knowledge about the ecology and evolution of the interaction between parasite and host is needed in order to evaluate the potential of downy mildew to overcome the resistance. In my thesis, I addressed the role of the host-plant as an evolutionary factor for downy mildew populations, by asking this question at two different evolutionary scales: (i) in the pathogen region of origin (North America) I assessed the degree of specialization of the parasite on its wild and cultivated host range (ii) in Europe, where downy mildew has been introduced recently, I studied the evolution of downy mildew populations subject to the selection pressure imposed by resistant grapevine varieties. To understand the host-plant specialization in this pathosystem, where several cryptic species have been identified, we performed cross inoculations between different host (Vitis spp.) and pathogen (P. viticola) species. Morphological and phenotypic data provide evidence of host-plant specialization in P. viticola populations: downy mildew species A and D are specialized on their host-plant, while the specialization process is ongoing for species B and C. Although no genetic differentiation has been shown inside species C, there are two distinct groups within species B. Isolates from the cultivated compartment are on average more aggressive than isolates from wild vines, indicating an adaptation of isolates growing on cultivated host-plants. Finally, a large-scale study of the distribution of downy mildew species on both their wild and cultivated host-plants resulted in the identification of a new cryptic species and confirmed the host-plant specialization. In Europe, our results show that the limited deployment of resistant varieties has led to changes in downy mildew populations: emergence of virulent isolates (i.e. breakdown of a major QTL for resistance), and increased aggressiveness on Vitis vinifera. In order to understand the mechanisms at the origin of specialization and resistance breakdown, we examined the parasite’s effector repertoire. Over one hundred effector candidates were identified using available data on the P. viticola genome. The polymorphism of 32 candidate genes revealed that three of them evolve under positive selection. Our results reveal the strong ability of downy mildew to adapt to its host plant and to plant resistance. They should be taken into account when devising strategies for the deployment of grapevine resistances in order to guarantee their durability
Opatowski-Mezrahi, Lulla. "Modélisation mathématique de la dynamique de diffusion de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques : application au pneumocoque". Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814070.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis aims at building mathematical models to study the dynamics of pneumococcal strains transmission in the community. The phenomenon of emergence and diffusion of resistant bacteria in populations involve microbial, individual and population scales simultaneously. That makes them complex and difficult to anticipate. In that context, modelling, which allows formalisation and simulation of the different scales, can help in analysing, predicting and understanding better the spread of bacteria. Three main issues are raised. What would be the impact of antibiotic exposure changes on resistances distributions? What would be the effects induced by the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the distribution of strains? Do viral respiratory infections and antibiotic consumption play a role in pneumococcal meningitis infections? Four compartmental models are developed to answer these questions. The results of our simulations reinforce the idea that antibiotic exposure is a major factor in the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. More precisely, they show that the choices of prescribed drugs and doses at the individual level could have a strong impact on the distributions of resistances in the community. Moreover, our results suggest that respiratory viruses, antibiotic consumption and resistance associated-fitness could explain part of the dynamics of pneumococcal meningitis in the community
Boëte, Christophe. "Ecologie évolutive de la réponse de mélanisation chez le moustique Aedes aegypti et utilisation des moustiques génétiquement modifiés pour le contrôle du paludisme". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066028.
Texto completo da fonteAzzimonti, Gustavo. "Diversification de la résistance quantitative à la rouille brune du blé, à partir de la caractérisation des composantes de la résistance". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00803279.
Texto completo da fonteAlba, Menendez Annia. "Comparative biology of susceptible and naturally- resistant Pseudosuccinea columella snails to Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) infection in Cuba : ecological, molecular and phenotypical aspects". Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0055/document.
Texto completo da fontePseudosuccinea columella is one of the main intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica, a cosmopolitan snail-borne trematode that affects humans, livestock and wildlife. The occurrence in Cuba of susceptible and naturally-resistant populations of this species to F. hepatica infection (host’s hemocytes encapsulate the parasite upon penetration) offers an interesting Mollusca - Trematoda model with applications on evolutionary biology, health sciences and vector control strategies. Thus, here we explored different ecological, molecular and phenotypical aspects of this system to better understand P. columella resistance. We determined that while susceptible and resistant snails share similar ecological requirements, resistant populations occurred only at low pH (6.5-6.5) and total hardness (TH; 4°-10°d) waters, with low snail species richness, suggesting a high ecological cost of resistance. Comparison of life history traits between susceptible and resistant snails, experimentally-reared at low or common pH/TH conditions, showed that resistant populations display higher tolerance to pH/TH variations and a lower reproductive potential. To gain more insights on the molecular bases of the features associated to resistance in P. columella, we performed comparative “omics” approaches on naïve snails from both phenotypes at whole snail level (RNAseq) and at the albumen gland level (2D-electrophoresis). This thesis presents the latest efforts to broadly characterize this model, which constitute building steps for the comprehension of P. columella resistance and for its application to tackle parasite transmission
Jubert, Isabelle. "Suivi de l'écologie et des résistances bactériennes au CHD Felix-Guyon à l'ile de la Réunion (étude comparative 1997/1998)". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M032.
Texto completo da fonteBenavides, Julio. "Dynamique des maladies dans les systèmes sociaux complexes : émergence des maladies infectieuses chez les primates". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20163/document.
Texto completo da fonteUnderstanding the emergence and spread of infectious disease in wild animal populations has become an important priority for both public health and animal conservation. Combining the collection of empirical data with the development of epidemiological models, this thesis focuses on understanding two key issues of wildlife epidemiology: (i) how heterogeneity at the individual, group, population and landscape level affects parasite spread (ii) investigating whether transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria from humans to wildlife is occurring within three protected areas of Africa (Tsaobis NP-Namibia, Lope NP-Gabon and Dzanga-Ndoki NP-Central African Republic). The main findings of this work indicated that: (1) multiple-scale factors including temperature, rainfall, home range use, sex, age and body condition influence gastro-intestinal parasite richness among wild baboons; (2) animal contacts around ‘habitat hotspots' can substantially influence the spatio-temporal dynamics of a disease; (3) antibiotic resistant enterobacteria seem to be spreading from humans/livestock to wildlife when the territory overlap between these two populations is expected to be high; (4) gradients in gorilla density created by bushmeat hunting can reverse the expected pattern of decreasing parasite prevalence with distance to human-spillover. The conclusions of this work open new possibilities for studying the mechanisms explaining the spread of emerging infectious diseases among wild animals
Carbillet, Malherbe Jeffrey. "Influence des caractéristiques environnementales et individuelles sur le niveau de stress basal, et conséquences, chez un grand mammifère, le chevreuil Capreolus capreolus". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30284.
Texto completo da fonteOver the last century, extreme climatic events and landscape modifications due to anthropogenic activities have dramatically increased. These rapid and unpredictable changes in the environment are new selective pressures for wild animals, and can threaten their survival and affect population dynamics. Understanding how wild animals cope with these perturbations and their consequences on life history traits and population dynamics is a necessary step to evaluate their evolutionary potential in a changing world. An important mechanism for adaptation to environmental changes is the stress response, which consist of a suite of physiological and behavioural responses that aim to maximise immediate survival. One of the main physiological pathways of the stress response is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which triggers the secretion of glucocorticoid hormones. Because these hormones drive the mobilisation and distribution of energy, they underlie trade-offs between key functions such as immunity and reproduction. However, not all individuals respond in the same way to stressful situations, resulting in large among-individual differences. In addition, the natural environment not only offers a great deal of variability in stressors, but also means of responding to stress (e.g. the presence of shelters). In turn, the diversity of stress patterns depends on a complex combination of environmental variables and individual factors. The general aim of my thesis was to understand the determinants of the great among-individual differences in baseline stress levels, and to identify some consequences in a long-lived mammal, the European roe deer. The study analysed several measures of stress and their links with environmental and individual characteristics, and combined observation in three wild population and experimentation in captive roe deer. Using an integrative approach, I found that proxies of stress level (N:L ratio and faecal cortisol metabolites [FCMs]) were moderately repeatable and weakly associated with behavioural response to capture. In two populations, stress levels were higher during years of poor resources quality. I also found that FCMs of roe deer increased with proximity to human infrastructures, but this effect was buffered by behavioural adjustments such as using forest as refuge and adopting nocturnal activity patterns. Secondly, I showed that environmental and behavioural characteristics were already determinant of baseline stress levels since the first weeks of life. Salivary cortisol was higher in fawns when they were closer to anthropogenic structures and exhibited proactive behaviour. Although fawn phenotype may also be shaped by maternal stress, the small data set of 30 mother-fawns pairs did not enable to show such as relationship. Finally, I showed that the co-variation between immunity and FCMs, depended on individual and environmental characteristics. In a poor environment, high FCMs were related to a low immunity, both for innate and adaptive arms.[...]
Livros sobre o assunto "Ecologie en résistance"
Depondt, Sylvie, Claude Mollard e Frans Krajcberg. Frans Krajcberg: Un artiste en résistance. Plaissan: Museo éditions, 2017.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteDobré, Michelle. L' écologie au quotidien: Éléments pour une théorie sociologique de la résistance ordinaire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2002.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteWhelan, Robert J. The ecology of fire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteEcologie en résistance: Stratégies pour une Terre en péril. 2a ed. Éditions LIBRE, 2018.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteDeAngelis, Donald, e Zhilan Feng. Mathematical Models of Plant-Herbivore Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteDeAngelis, Donald, e Zhilan Feng. Mathematical Models of Plant-Herbivore Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteDeAngelis, Donald, e Zhilan Feng. Mathematical Models of Plant-Herbivore Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteDeAngelis, Donald, e Zhilan Feng. Mathematical Models of Plant-Herbivore Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteDeAngelis, Donald, e Zhilan Feng. Mathematical Models of Plant-Herbivore Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteDeep Green Resistance: Strategien zur Rettung des Planeten. Germany: Promedia Verlag, 2020.
Encontre o texto completo da fonte