Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Dynamiques d'optimisation"
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Semerjian, Guilhem. "Modeles dilues en physique statistique : Dynamiques hors d'equilibre et algorithmes d'optimisation". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006329.
Texto completo da fonteThévenet, Jean-Baptiste. "Techniques d'optimisation avancées pour la synthèse de lois de commande". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30125.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis research area belongs to the class of nonlinear semidefinite programming, an emerging and challenging domain in optimization which is of central importance in robust control and relaxation of hard decision problems. Our contribution addresses convergence of algorithms, practical implementations and testing on applications in the field of reduced-order output feedback control. Firstly, our augmented Lagrangian-type "spectral SDP" method has shown to be extremely efficient on a variety of middle-scale BMI programs, including simultaneous, structured, or mixed H2/Hinf synthesis problems. Local convergence properties of the algorithm were studied as well, as far as classical nonlinear programs are concerned. On the other hand, we then focused on nonsmooth strategies for large bilinear matrix inequalities. Problems with up to a few thousand variables were successfully handled through this method, where alternative approaches usually give failure
Stefanovitch, Nicolas. "Contributions à la résolution de problèmes d'optimisation de contraintes distribuées dynamiques à l'aide de modèles graphiques pour la coordination multiagents". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066668.
Texto completo da fonteGhoumari, Asmaa. "Métaheuristiques adaptatives d'optimisation continue basées sur des méthodes d'apprentissage". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1114/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe problems of continuous optimization are numerous, in economics, in signal processing, in neural networks, and so on. One of the best-known and most widely used solutions is the evolutionary algorithm, a metaheuristic algorithm based on evolutionary theories that borrows stochastic mechanisms and has shown good performance in solving problems of continuous optimization. The use of this family of algorithms is very popular, despite the many difficulties that can be encountered in their design. Indeed, these algorithms have several parameters to adjust and a lot of operators to set according to the problems to solve. In the literature, we find a plethora of operators described, and it becomes complicated for the user to know which one to select in order to have the best possible result. In this context, this thesis has the main objective to propose methods to solve the problems raised without deteriorating the performance of these algorithms. Thus we propose two algorithms:- a method based on the maximum a posteriori that uses diversity probabilities for the operators to apply, and which puts this choice regularly in play,- a method based on a dynamic graph of operators representing the probabilities of transitions between operators, and relying on a model of the objective function built by a neural network to regularly update these probabilities. These two methods are detailed, as well as analyzed via a continuous optimization benchmark
M'Rad, Mohamed. "Utilités Progressives Dynamiques". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005815.
Texto completo da fonteBou, Nader Wissam. "Méthodologie de choix et d'optimisation de convertisseurs d'énergie pour les applications chaînes de traction automobile". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM047.
Texto completo da fonteSignificant research efforts have been invested in the automotive industry on alternative fuels and new hybrid electric powertrain in attempt to reduce carbon emissions from passenger cars. Fuel consumption of these hybrid powertrains strongly relies on the energy converter performance, the vehicle energetic needs, as well as on the energy management strategy deployed on-board. This thesis investigates the potential of new energy converters as substitute of actual internal combustion engine in automotive powertrain applications. Gas turbine systems is identified as potential energy converter for series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV), as it offers many automotive intrinsic benefits such as multi-fuel capability, compactness, reduced number of moving parts, reduced noise and vibrations among others. An exergo-technological explicit analysis is conducted to identify the realistic GT-system thermodynamic configurations. A pre-design study have been carried out to identify the power to weight ratios of those systems. A SHEV model is developed and powertrain components are sized considering vehicle performance criteria. Energy consumption simulations are performed on the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC), which account for the vehicle electric and thermal energy needs in addition to mechanical energy needs, using an innovative bi-level optimization method as energy management strategy. The intercooled regenerative reheat gas turbine (IRReGT) cycle is prioritized, offering higher efficiency and power density as well as reduced fuel consumption compared to the other investigated GT-systems. Also a dynamic model was developed and simulations were performed to account for the over fuel consumption during start-up transitory phases. Tests were also performed on some subsystems of the identified IRReGT-system. Results show improved fuel consumption with the IRReGT as auxiliary power unit (APU) compared to ICE. Consequently, the selected IRReGT-system presents a potential for implementation on futur SHEVs
Delbot, François. "Au delà de l'évaluation en pire cas : comparaison et évaluation en moyenne de processus d'optimisation pour le problème du vertex cover et des arbres de connexion de groupes dynamiques". Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927315.
Texto completo da fonteMabed, Hakim. "Modèles et techniques d'optimisation dynamique pour les réseaux radiomobiles". Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0019.
Texto completo da fonteCellular network design is a crucial task during the conception, the deployment and the extension of radio phone network. The dynamic aspect of cellular network environnent makes difficult the establishment of performance criteria related to the robustness and the upgradeability of networks. The contribution of this thesis is two folds. On the modelling level, we propose several models for frequency planning taking into account short, medium and long term traffic evolution. We present also a bi-criteria model for cell capacity planning. On the algorithmic level, we study several dynamic and multi-criteria optimization techniques based on hybridization of tabu search and genetic algorithm heuristics. Tests are carried out on both fictitious and real word problems in order to validate proposed models and techniques
Fournier, Frantz. "Méthodologie d'optimisation dynamique et de commande optimale des réacteurs électrochimiques discontinus". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_FOURNIER_F.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBonnefoy, Antoine. "Elimination dynamique : accélération des algorithmes d'optimisation convexe pour les régressions parcimonieuses". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4011/document.
Texto completo da fonteApplications in signal processing and machine learning make frequent use of sparse regressions. Resulting convex problems, such as the LASSO, can be efficiently solved thanks to first-order algorithms, which are general, and have good convergence properties. However those algorithms suffer from the dimension of the problem, which impose the complexity of their iterations. In this thesis we study approaches, based on screening tests, aimed at reducing the computational cost at the iteration level. Such approaches build upon the idea that it is worth dedicating some small computational effort to locate inactive atoms and remove them from the dictionary in a preprocessing stage so that the regression algorithm working with a smaller dictionary will then converge faster to the solution of the initial problem. We believe that there is an even more efficient way to screen the dictionary and obtain a greater acceleration: inside each iteration of the regression algorithm, one may take advantage of the algorithm computations to obtain a new screening test for free with increasing screening effects along the iterations. The dictionary is henceforth dynamically screened instead of being screened statically, once and for all, before the first iteration. Our first contribution is the formalisation of this principle and its application to first-order algorithms, for the resolution of the LASSO and Group-LASSO. In a second contribution, this general principle is combined to active-set methods, whose goal is also to accelerate the resolution of sparse regressions. Applying the two complementary methods on first-order algorithms, leads to great acceleration performances
Piccolo, Vanessa. "Quelques problèmes de matrices aléatoires et de statistiques en grande dimension". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ENSL0002.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis explores some problems in random matrix theory and high-dimensional statistics motivated by the need to improve our understanding of deep learning. Training deep neural networks involves solving high-dimensional, large-scale, and nonconvex optimization problems that should, in theory, be intractable but are surprisingly feasible in practice. To understand this paradox, we study solvable models that balance practical relevance with rigorous mathematical analysis. Random matrices and high-dimensional statistics are central to these efforts due to the large datasets and high dimensionality inherent in such models. We first consider the random features model, a two-layer neural network with fixed random weights in the first layer and learnable weights in the second layer. Our focus is on the asymptotic spectrum of the conjugate kernel matrix YY* with Y = f(WX), where W and X are rectangular random matrices with i.i.d. entries and f is a nonlinear activation function applied entry-wise. We extend prior results on light-tailed distributions for W and X by considering two new settings. First, we study the case of additive bias Y = f(WX + B), where B is an independent rank-one Gaussian random matrix, closer modeling the neural network architectures encountered in practice. To obtain the asymptotics for the empirical spectral density we follow the resolvent method via the cumulant expansion. Second, we investigate the case where W has heavy-tailed entries, X remains light-tailed, and f is a smooth, bounded, and odd function. We show that heavy-tailed weights induce much stronger correlations among the entries of Y, resulting in a novel spectral behavior. This analysis relies on the moment method through traffic probability theory. Next, we address the tensor PCA (Principal Component Analysis) problem, a high-dimensional inference task that investigates the computational hardness of estimating an unknown signal vector from noisy tensor observations via maximum likelihood estimation. Tensor PCA serves as a prototypical framework for understanding high-dimensional nonconvex optimization through gradient-based methods. This understanding can be approached from two perspectives: the topological complexity of the optimization landscape and the training dynamics of first-order optimization methods. In the context of landscape complexity, we study the annealed complexity of random Gaussian homogeneous polynomials on the N-dimensional unit sphere in the presence of deterministic polynomials that depend on fixed unit vectors and external parameters. Using the Kac-Rice formula and determinant asymptotics for spiked Wigner matrices, we derive variational formulas for the exponential asymptotics of the average number critical points and local maxima. Concerning the optimization dynamics in high dimensions, we study stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and gradient flow (GF) for the multi-spiked tensor model, where the goal is to recover r orthogonal spikes from noisy tensor observations. We show that SGD achieves the same computational threshold than in the single-spike case. In contrast, GF requires more samples to recover all spikes, resulting in a suboptimal threshold compared to SGD. Our analysis shows that spikes are recovered through a "sequential elimination" process: once a correlation exceeds a critical threshold, competing correlations become sufficiently small, allowing the next correlation to grow and become macroscopic. The order of recovery depends on initial values of correlations and the corresponding signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), leading to recovery of a permutation of the spikes. In the matrix case (p=2), sufficiently separated SNRs allow exact recovery of the spikes, while equal SNRs lead to recovery of the subspace spanned by the spikes
Scolan, Simon. "Développement d'un outil de simulation et d'optimisation dynamique d'une centrale solaire thermique". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3007.
Texto completo da fonteIn the current climate and energy context, solutions must be found to gradually replace the use of fossil fuels. Solar thermal energy is a resource with great potential that is still insufficiently exploited in France on an industrial scale. In this context, large solar thermal installations are increasingly studied. Currently, a majority of studies focus on optimizing the sizing of the plants based on standard operating strategies. This manuscript offers a mathematical resolution methodology for the simulation and dynamic optimization of a solar thermal plant. This type of optimization makes it possible to take into account the dynamics of this system and in particular the slow dynamics of a thermal energy storage. It is carried out by exploiting the degrees of freedom of the problem. By leaving certain design parameters free, dynamic optimization makes it possible to optimize the operation and sizing of the plant simultaneously.The different elements of a solar thermal plant (solar field, heat exchanger, thermal energy storage, pumps, pipes) are modeled and form a Differential Algebraic Equation system. We have described the orthogonal collocation method which allows to discretize these equations and thus, to obtain a system comprising only algebraic equations. Different models are confronted with experimental data from a plant located in Condat-sur-Vézère (France). Their precision is quantified. The development of a method by successive simulations and initializations allowed us to carry out the dynamic simulation of a solar thermal plant. However, certain operating constraints (control rules necessary to saturate the degrees of freedom) are difficult to formulate in a coherent and implementable way in the GAMS software used in this work. The interest of using dynamic optimization is to take advantage of the degrees of freedom of the problem in order to minimize / maximize an objective function (while respecting the constraints of the problem) without having to formulate constraints to saturate them.A first dynamic optimization problem was formulated and then solved, using an equation-oriented strategy. Over a five-day time horizon and with a fixed plant sizing, we have maximized the benefits from the sale of solar heat to a consumer by optimizing the operation of the plant. This notably brought to light counter-intuitive operating strategies allowing a significant improvement of the objective function compared to more standard strategies. In particular, the use of a dynamic inclination of the flat-plate collectors (as with a solar tracking device) has proved effective, on the one hand, to increase the energy captured by the solar field and, on the other hand, to handle possible overheating by defocusing the collectors from the maximum energy capture trajectory. The use of a thermal energy storage was also useful to allow the phase difference between production and demand.The formulation of a second optimization problem, over a time horizon of one year, made it possible to minimize the average cost of solar heat sold to the consumer (over the duration of the project) by determining the optimal sizing of the plant and the optimal time profiles of the operating variables as a function of the load curve. Difficulties have been encountered, in particular to maintain consistent operation over the optimization period. Finally, we listed a number of leads that could potentially improve the results obtained
Schepler, Xavier. "Solutions globales d'optimisation robuste pour la gestion dynamique de terminaux à conteneurs". Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0005/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the case of a maritime port in which container terminals are cooperating to provide better global service. In order to coordinate operations between the terminals, a model and several solving methods are proposed. The objective is to minimize turnaround times of mother and feeder vessels, barges and trains. A solution to the model provides an assignment of container-transport vehicles to the terminals, including trucks, as well as an allocation of resources and time intervals to handle them and their containers. To obtain solutions to the model, a mixed-integer programming formulation is provided, as well as several mathematical programming based heuristics. A rolling horizon framework is introduced for dynamic management under uncertainty. Numerical experiments are conducted on thousands of various realistic instances. Results indicate the viability of our approach and demonstrate that allowing cooperation between terminals significantly increases the performance of the system
Kuri, Josue. "Problemes d'optimisation dans les reseaux optiques de transport WDM avec trafic dynamique deterministe". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000506.
Texto completo da fonteRagueneau, Quentin. "Méthodologie d'optimisation paramétrique appliquée à la dynamique vibratoire intégrant des non-linéarités localisées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024HESAC014.
Texto completo da fonteVibration analysis can be critical for the optimal design of complex assembled structures. Integrating nonlinear phenomenon, especially at the interfaces between substructures, allows for high-fidelity numerical simulations. However, the computational cost makes it impractical to use classical global parametric optimization methods for industrial nonlinear structures. The work aims to study a comprehensive strategy for constrained parametric optimization applied to industrial vibrating structures exhibiting local nonlinearities. The proposed strategy mainly relies on two tools. First, a dedicated mechanical solver based on the Harmonic Balance Method and a pseudo-arclength continuation procedure is used for the dynamic simulations. Then, this mechanical solver is employed for the construction and enrichment of a Gaussian Process surrogate model within a Bayesian Optimization framework in order to limit the number of solver calls. The strategy is applied to unconstrained optimization of a Duffing oscillator and the constrained optimization of a gantry crane with contact nonlinearities. The results obtained suggest the feasibility of deploying the strategy in an industrial setting
Biroli, Giulio. "Systemes desordonnes a connectivite finie, problemes d'optimisation et dynamique hors equilibre des systemes vitreux". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066491.
Texto completo da fonteLopez, Cédric. "Méthodes d'optimisation des trains d'atterrissage d'hélicoptère". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003600.
Texto completo da fonteHadjar, Ahmed. "Composition de polyèdres associés aux problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345405.
Texto completo da fonteHugot, Hadrien. "Approximation et énumération des solutions efficaces dans les problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire multi-objectif". Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090028.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the resolution of multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems. A first step in the resolution of these problems consists in determining the set of efficient solutions. Nevertheless, the number of efficient solutions can be very huge. Approximating the set of efficient solutions for these problems constitutes, then, a major challenge. Existing methods are usually based on approximate methods, such as heuristics or meta-heuristics, that give no guarantee on the quality of the computed solutions. Alternatively, approximation algorithms (with provable guarantee) have been also designed. However, practical implementations of approximation algorithms are cruelly lacking and most of the approximation algorithms proposed in the literature are not efficient in practice. This thesis aims at designing approaches that conciliate on the one hand the qualities of the approximate approaches and on the other hand those of the approximation approaches. We propose, in a general context, where the preference relation used to compare solutions is not necessarily transitive, a Generalized Dynamic Programming (GDP) framework. GDP relies on an extension of the concept of dominance relations. It provides us, in particular, with exact and approximation methods that have been proved to be particularly efficient in practice to solve the 0-1 multi-objective knapsack problem. Finally, a last part of our work deals with the contributions of a multi-criteria modelling for solving, in real context, the data association problem. This led us to study the multi-objective assignment problem and, in particular, the resolution of this problem by the means of our GDP framework
Ali, Zazou Abdelkrim. "Conception d'un outil d'optimisation dynamique du schéma d'exploitation du réseau de distribution d'électricité de SRD". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0010.
Texto completo da fonteThe French electrical distribution network was originally built to bring electricity from very large producers to consumers, but it has now become a place of multi-directional energy flows that rely on local production and consumption. Because of this new situation, the way of operating electrical networks needs to be renewed. In light of this, the local Distribution System Operator (SRO) of the French department Vienne and the different teams of the LIAS laboratory have worked together on the development of a distribution network configuration optimization tool. In this thesis the majority of the work was focused on the modeling part of the problem rather than on the development of new optimization methods. The industrial root of this project gave the opportunity to be very close to the reality of the available network data. Based on those observations,it was more consistent to use exact and precise optimization methods to solved simplified versions of the complex electrical network models.Thus a simple optimization model based on the minimum cost flow problem was developed, and a comparative study between the developed model and state of the art more complex one was led. This simple model was reformulated to become convex and quadratic and to reach better resolution time performances with the same solutions. This optimization problem was developed to take into account a time horizon factor into the optimization of the operation planning of the distribution network. The time horizon factor aim to represent the production and consumption variation over a selected period. Finally. because this model has to be integrated into a decision making helping tool that will be used by the DSO SRD several operational constraints were added into the optimization model. Several state of the art case studies arc presented to validate the model accuracy regarding existing methods. Simulation experiments were done on real networks data to show the applicability of the proposed optimization model over large scale case studies which correspond to the DSO SRO reality
Fourmaux, Titouan. "Méthodologie d'optimisation de la masse pour le dimensionnement en dynamique des structures et vibro-acoustique". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2013/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with mass optimization procedures underdesign constraints of truck cabs. It consists in a problem where two conflicting objectives must be conciliated as the mass reduction would deteriorate the vibroacoustic behaviour. One has to determine the zones in which the mass could be locally reduced. First, this work presents several sensitivity analysis procedures and discusses theirs advantages and drawbacks. Then an adaptive optimization procedure is developed in the low frequency range. This procedure is applied on atest-case and the obtained results are compared with results issued from a commonlyused optimization algorithm. The procedure is then extended to medium and high frequency range where the only available quantities are energetic ones. The obtained results are also compared with those from a commonly-used optimization algorithm
Tran, Trong Hieu. "Méthodes d'optimisation hybrides pour des problèmes de routages avec profits". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30367.
Texto completo da fonteCombinatorial optimization is an essential branch of computer science and mathematical optimization that deals with problems involving a discrete and finite set of decision variables. In such problems, the main objective is to find an assignment that satisfies a set of specific constraints and optimizes a given objective function. One of the main challenges is that these problems can be hard to solve in practice. In many cases, incomplete methods are preferred to complete methods since the latter may have difficulties in solving large-scale problems within a limited amount of time. On the other hand, incomplete methods can quickly produce high-quality solutions, which is a critical point in numerous applications. In this thesis, we investigate hybrid approaches that enhance incomplete search by exploiting complete search techniques. For this, we deal with a concrete case study, which is the vehicle routing problem with profits. In particular, we aim to boost incomplete search algorithms by extracting some knowledge during the search process and reasoning with the knowledge acquired in the past. The core idea is two-fold: (i) to learn conflicting solutions (that violate some constraints or that are suboptimal) and exploit them to avoid reconsidering the same solutions and guide search, and (ii) to exploit good features of elite solutions in order to hopefully generate new solutions having a higher quality. Furthermore, we investigate the development of a generic framework by decomposing and exchanging information between sub-modules to efficiently solve complex routing problems possibly involving optional customers, multiple vehicles, multiple time windows, multiple side constraints, and/or time-dependent transition times. The effectiveness of the approaches proposed is shown by various experiments on both standard benchmarks (e.g., the Orienteering Problem and its variants) and real-life datasets from the aerospace domain (e.g., the Earth Observation Satellite scheduling problem), and possibly involving uncertain profits
Le, Bodic Pierre. "Variantes non standards de problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112190.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is composed of two parts, each part belonging to a sub-domain of combinatorial optimization a priori distant from the other. The first research subject is stochastic bilevel programming. This term regroups two research subject rarely studied together, namely stochastic programming on the one hand, and bilevel programming on the other hand. Mathematical Programming (MP) is a set of modelisation and resolution methods, that can be used to tackle practical problems and help take decisions. Stochastic programming and bilevel programming are two sub-domains of MP, each one of them being able to model a specific aspect of these practical problems. Starting from a practical problem, we design a mathematical model where the bilevel and stochastic aspects are used together, then apply a series of transformations to this model. A resolution method is proposed for the resulting MP. We then theoretically prove and numerically verify that this method converges. This algorithm can be used to solve other bilevel programs than the ones we study.The second research subject in this thesis is called "partial cut and cover problems in graphs". Cut and cover problems are among the most studied from the complexity and algorithmical point of view. We consider some of these problems in a partial variant, which means that the cut or cover property that is looked into must be verified partially, according to a given parameter, and not completely, as it was the case with the original problems. More precisely, the problems that we study are the partial multicut, the partial multiterminal cut, and the partial dominating set. Versions of these problems were vertices are
Lacassagne, Frédéric. "Etude et parallélisation de méthodes d'optimisation directes : application à la programmation dynamique et au simplexe non linéaire". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU3A279.
Texto completo da fonteSeguin, Pascal. "Développement d'une technique d'optimisation paramétrique pour la synthèse de mouvements à dynamique régulière : application à la marche". Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2326.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is aimed at optimizing motions of constrained dynamics systems. A parametric optimisation method is developed. It consists in approximating joint motion coordinates using spline functions of class C3, made up of 4-order polynomials linked at uniformly distributed knots, in order to avoid jerks at connecting points. Joint actuating torques as well as interaction forces associated with closure constraints of closed kinematic chains, are expressed, through dynamics equations, as functions depending on both the time and the optimisation parameters. The objective function to be minimized is obtained by integrating quadratic torques and interaction forces along the motion time. The initial dynamic optimisation problem is then recast as a parametric optimisation problem, which is solved using existing computing codes. This technique is used to carry out optimal synthesis of sagittal gait. The walking velocity is the only data required for generating an optimal step
Amadou, Bachir. "Planification à long terme de réseaux d'aéroports, approche d'optimisation". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30016.
Texto completo da fonteIn the last decades with the era of globalisation, air transportation has been playing an important economic role by easing the transportation of people and goods between the different parts of the World and to remote areas within countries. The airports as ground/air intermodal terminals are the ground segment of the air transport system. Sustained investments over long periods of several decades appear essential to maintain or expand airport operations. These investments are in general costly and airport investment planning is an important issue at the local and national levels. The objective of this thesis is to present a long-term planning approach for the investments in national airports networks. A framework for the long-term generation of multimodal transportation demand scenarios at the national level, which insures coherency between the prediction of the different transportation modes and assure compatibility between the predicted air transportation flows between the considered airports, is proposed. Then the central decision problem for long-term resource allocation between the different airports of a national network is formulated as an optimization problem. This model can be solved with different demand scenarios, where extreme scenarios should provide an interval for the necessary financial effort at each stage of the planning horizon for each airport. To solve the resulting optimization problems a Dynamic Programming approach has been considered where the candidate states to be processed at each stage are generated by a Petri Net built from the undated master plans of the airports of the considered network. The proposed approach is illustrated in the case of a large under developed country (Niger Republic)
Li, Yang. "Développement d'un modèle dynamique dans un but d'optimisation et de contrôle du procédé de mise en pâte thermomécanique /". Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30034756R.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLi, Yang. "Développement d'un modèle dynamique dans un but d'optimisation et de contrôle du procédé de mise en pâte thermomécanique". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1306/1/030034756.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSghaier, Manel. "Combinaison des techniques d'optimisation et de l'intelligence artificielle distribuée pour la mise en place d'un système de covoiturage dynamique". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689957.
Texto completo da fonteGogu, Ada. "Dimensionnement des réseaux RCSF sous des contraintes énergétiques : modèles mathématiques et méthodes d'optimisation". Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2028.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we focused on the development of optimal methods regarding WSN dimensioning problems, mostly encountered during the planning phase. These were instantiated basically into three combinatorial optimization problems. The network deployment scheme which seeks to place the sensors in a such way that the cost of communication operations is minimized. The network configuration problem that asks to find a strategy for dividing the network such that some criteria are satisfied. In the problem’s model we took into account the data aggregation constraint and the discrete values of power transmission. For both problems we proposed a resolution method, based on dynamic programming, which permitted us to solve them optimally. Finally, the joint problem of scheduling and power assignment, consisted in finding a feasible scheduling under SINR constraints and a power assignment scheme to guarantee successful concurrent transmissions. As the problem is shown to be NP-hard we propose a greedy heuristic. The resolution method for the power assignment strategy, an iterative algorithm based on linear programming, provides optimal solutions
Nahayo, Fulgence. "Modèle mathématique d'optimisation non-linéaire du bruit des avions commerciaux en approche sous contrainte énergétique". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855690.
Texto completo da fonteVenner, Samuel. "Stratégies comportementales et modèle d'optimisation dynamique à horizon non fini : succession des constructions de toiles chez une araignée orbitèle "Zygiella X-Notata" (Clerck)". Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10233.
Texto completo da fonteThis study aims to test the hypothesis that adult female spiders of the orb-weaving species Zygiella x-notata build their successive webs according to rules that allow them to maximise their fitness. A non invasive method was first set up to estimate the total capture thread length of a web. Short term web building dynamics could be then investigated. Our results showed that informations linked to capture events and to prey ingestion with a given web influence following web building. Long term web building dynamics was studied through a longitudinal study of spiders between their final moult and their first egg-laying. Cost and benefits of web-building behaviour had to be estimated before setting up a predictive model of web-building optimal strategy. Predictions of this model could then be matched with observed behaviour. Behavioural data suggest predation risk occurring during web building to be weak, and energetic expenditure to increase both with the amount of silk set up per web and with spider's body weight. Probability of prey catching -that is, energetic expected gains- increased together with web size. Both field and laboratory data showed that adult female spiders reduced their web building activity throughout their development. Results of the predictive model also suggest that when their body weight increased, optimal spiders should reduce their building activity. Furthermore, we could make the following hypothesis: selective pressures should remain weak over web-building behaviour during most of adult female spider's development. This could explain, at least partly, the great diversity of observed web-building behaviours
Ribault, Clément. "Méthode d'optimisation multicritère pour l'aide à la conception des projets de densification urbaine". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI084/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe world’s population is facing an expansive urbanization. This urban sprawl, which is often not well managed, is endangering the environment as well as human health, quality of life and food security. It can be controlled by favouring urban densification. Nonetheless, the complexity of the phenomena involved in such a context leads us to think that supervisors of urban densification operations need some tools to help them make the most relevant choices. This thesis begins with a literature review that shows the ideal tool does not exist, and explains why multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm is a suitable technique for building design aid. Then we clarify the desirable features of an assistance method for urban densification projects designers. We recommend to base this method on the coupling of a genetic algorithm with a district-scale dynamic thermal simulation (DTS) tool. We compare capabilities of EnergyPlus (E+) and Pleiades+COMFIE (P+C) DTS software with these requirements, then we present a first urban densification project optimization test associating EnergyPlus with a genetic algorithm. The platform under development in the ANR MERUBBI project can offset certain shortcomings of this method. Hence, in a second phase we analyze the results of a comparative study of P+C, E+ and the MERUBBI tool, carried out using a high-density district densification project as a test case. It shows that the latter is reliable and particularly relevant to precisely assess interactions between buildings. In a third phase we address the problematic of reducing the computing time, a major issue to make our design aid method truly accessible to building professionals. We propose a way of reducing the operating period length and present it in detail. Finally, our optimization method is used to solve various design problems of the above-mentioned project, using E+. We show how the use of the MERUBBI platform will enrich this approach before concluding with development ideas to make our method more user-friendly and interactive
Ayachi, Hajjem Imen. "Techniques avancées d'optimisation pour la résolution du problème de stockage de conteneurs dans un port". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0003/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe loading and unloading of containers and their temporary storage in the container terminal are the most important and complex operation in seaport terminals. It is highly inter-related with the routing of yard crane and truck and their costs increased significantly especially without an efficient terminal management. To improve this process, an efficiency decision for the container storage space allocation must be taken.In this thesis, we studied the container storage problem (CSP). It falls into the category of NP hard and NP complete problems. CSP consists on finding the most suitable storage location for incoming containers that minimizes rehandling operations of containers during their transfer to the ship, truck or train. In fact, the wait time of customer trucks, the transfer time of yard crane and the Ship turnaround time are advantageously reduced.Generally, this problem is studied considering a single container type. However, this does not stand the problem under its real-life statement as there are multiple container types that should be considered, (refrigerated, open side, empty, dry, open top and tank). Often, containers arrive at the port dynamically over time and have an uncertain departure date (ship delayed, a ship down, delayed arrival of customer trucks…). Indeed, CSP must be studied in dynamic aspectThe objective of this thesis is to study Static CSP for a single and various container type and dynamic CSP for ONE and several container types and to propose solutions for each of them. Genetic algorithm and Harmony Search algorithm are used to solve these problems and we compare the results of each approach with the LIFO algorithm
Parent, Benjamin. "Algorithmes d'optimisation et d'analyse des problèmes multidimensionnels non-linéaires en biologie et biophysique". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196740.
Texto completo da fontePour cela, nous avons abordé le problème via deux aspects : le premier concerne la modélisation des interactions moléculaires en vue de prédire les modes de fixation et les affinités entre molécules. Puisque ces estimations nécessitent de considérer la flexibilité des acteurs, nous avons abordé, en premier lieu, la prédiction des conformations moléculaires qui reste un challenge majeur, caractérisé par ses aspects multimodal et de grandes dimensions. Nous avons alors développé une suite d'heuristiques autour d'un algorithme génétique central. Les paramètres de contrôle et les stratégies d'hybridation sont pilotés par un méta-algorithme permettant d'optimiser la recherche. En outre, des stratégies innovantes de parallélisation sur grilles d'ordinateurs ont été validées afin de réduire les temps de calculs. Enfin, pour entreprendre l'étude des conformations de plusieurs molécules, nous avons développé des algorithmes de criblage rapides basés sur la comparaison d'indices topologiques.
Nous avons également étudié un autre aspect en modélisant formellement certains graphes d'interactions, ceci à une toute autre échelle : celle des concentrations des molécules. Nous avons alors mis en évidence l'impact des modes d'interactions moléculaires sur la dynamique globale.
Taillefer, Edith. "Méthodes d'optimisation d'ordre zéro avec mémoire en grande dimension : application à la compensation des aubes de compresseurs et de turbines". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/205/.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents the result of collaboration between Snecma and IMT (Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse). New efficient optimisation methods have been developed in IMT and then applied on blade design at Technical Department of Snecma. In many industrial applications, the gradient of a cost function is not available and if it is available, its domain of validity is very restricted. This led to the recent development of numerous zero order optimisation methods. Two numerical tools for large dimension optimisation without derivative computation are discussed here. The main idea is to use the cost function evaluations, which are performed during the optimisation process, to build a surrogate model. Addition of a new point during the optimisation process must reach a double target: progress towards the optimum and improve the approximation of the cost function for the next step. Among all approximation techniques, we focus here on those which catch easily constant behaviour. As a matter of fact, other methods introduce false local minima. Consequently we focus on two methods: neural networks and sparse grids. Especially sparse grid is a new promising way for various scientific topics thanks to its adaptative and hierarchical properties. Efficiency of these methods is proved on analytical functions and confirmed on industrial cases and especially for bend momentum balance of compressor and turbine blades
Chahwane, Layal. "Valorisation de l'inertie thermique pour la performance énergétique des bâtiments". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701170.
Texto completo da fonteGuitard, Julien. "L'évaluation des politiques de l'emploi : Quatre essais". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402436.
Texto completo da fonteVacher, Blandine. "Techniques d'optimisation appliquées au pilotage de la solution GTP X-PTS pour la préparation de commandes intégrant un ASRS". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2566.
Texto completo da fonteThe work presented in this PhD thesis deals with optimization problems in the context of internal warehouse logistics. The field is subject to strong competition and extensive growth, driven by the growing needs of the market and favored by automation. SAVOYE builds warehouse storage handling equipment and offers its own GTP (Goods-To-Person) solution for order picking. The solution uses an Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) called X-Picking Tray System (X-PTS) and automatically routes loads to workstations via carousels to perform sequenced operations. It is a highly complex system of systems with many applications for operational research techniques. All this defines the applicative and theoretical scope of the work carried out in this thesis. In this thesis, we have first dealt with a specific scheduling Job Shop problem with precedence constraints. The particular context of this problem allowed us to solve it in polynomial time with exact algorithms. These algorithms made it possible to calculate the injection schedule of the loads coming from the different storage output streams to aggregate on a carousel in a given order. Thus, the inter-aisle management of the X-PTS storage was improved and the throughput of the load flow was maximized, from the storage to a station. In the sequel of this work, the radix sort LSD (Least Significant Digit) algorithm was studied and a dedicated online sorting algorithm was developed. The second one is used to drive autonomous sorting systems called Buffers Sequencers (BS), which are placed upstream of each workstation in the GTP solution. Finally, a sequencing problem was considered, consisting of finding a linear extension of a partial order minimizing a distance with a given order. An integer linear programming approach, different variants of dynamic programming and greedy algorithms were proposed to solve it. An efficient heuristic was developed based on iterative calls of dynamic programming routines, allowing to reach a solution close or equal to the optimum in a very short time. The application of this problem to the unordered output streams of X-PTS storage allows pre-sorting at the carousel level. The various solutions developed have been validated by simulation and some have been patented and/or already implemented in warehouses
Vega, Emanuel Pablo. "Conception orientée-tâche et optimisation de systèmes de propulsion reconfigurables pour robots sous-marins autonomes". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0067/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this PhD thesis, the optimization of the propulsion and control of AUVs is developed. The hydrodynamic model of the AUVs is examined. Additionally, AUV propulsion topologies are studied and models for fixed and vectorial technology are developed. The fixed technology model is based on an off the shelf device, while the modeled vectorial propulsive system is based on a magnetic coupling thruster prototype developed in IRDL (Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme) at ENI Brest. A control method using the hydrodynamic model is studied, its adaptation to two AUV topologies is presented and considerations about its applicability will be discussed. The optimization is used to find suitable propulsive topologies and control parameters in order to execute given robotic tasks, speeding up the convergence and minimizing the energy consumption. This is done using a genetic algorithm, which is a stochastic optimization method used for task-based design.The results of the optimization can be used as a preliminary stage in the design process of an AUV, giving ideas for enhanced propulsive configurations. The optimization technique is also applied to an IRDL existing robot, modifying only some of the propulsive topology parameters in order to readily adapt it to different tasks, making the AUV dynamically reconfigurable
Zhang, Jian. "Advance Surgery Scheduling with Consideration of Downstream Capacity Constraints and Multiple Sources of Uncertainty". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA023.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the advance scheduling of elective surgeries in an operating theatre that is composed of operating rooms and downstream recovery units. The arrivals of new patients in each week, the duration of each surgery, and the length-of-stay of each patient in the downstream recovery unit are subject to uncertainty. In each week, the surgery planner should determine the surgical blocks to open and assign some of the surgeries in the waiting list to the open surgical blocks. The objective is to minimize the patient-related costs incurred by performing and postponing surgeries as well as the hospital-related costs caused by the utilization of surgical resources. Considering that the pure mathematical programming models commonly used in literature do not optimize the long-term performance of the surgery schedules, we propose a novel two-phase optimization model that combines Markov decision process (MDP) and stochastic programming to overcome this drawback. The MDP model in the first phase determines the surgeries to be performed in each week and minimizes the expected total costs over an infinite horizon, then the stochastic programming model in the second phase optimizes the assignments of the selected surgeries to surgical blocks. In order to cope with the huge complexity of realistically sized problems, we develop a reinforcement-learning-based approximate dynamic programming algorithm and several column-generation-based heuristic algorithms as the solution approaches. We conduct numerical experiments to evaluate the model and algorithms proposed in this thesis. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms are considerably more efficient than the traditional ones, and that the resulting schedules of the two-phase optimization model significantly outperform those of a conventional stochastic programming model in terms of the patients' waiting times and the total costs on the long run
Mai, Anh Tien. "Dynamic Programming Approaches for Estimating and Applying Large-scale Discrete Choice Models". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15871.
Texto completo da fonteLes gens consacrent une importante part de leur existence à prendre diverses décisions, pouvant affecter leur demande en transport, par exemple les choix de lieux d'habitation et de travail, les modes de transport, les heures de départ, le nombre et type de voitures dans le ménage, les itinéraires ... Les choix liés au transport sont généralement fonction du temps et caractérisés par un grand nombre de solutions alternatives qui peuvent être spatialement corrélées. Cette thèse traite de modèles pouvant être utilisés pour analyser et prédire les choix discrets dans les applications liées aux réseaux de grandes tailles. Les modèles et méthodes proposées sont particulièrement pertinents pour les applications en transport, sans toutefois s'y limiter. Nous modélisons les décisions comme des séquences de choix, dans le cadre des choix discrets dynamiques, aussi connus comme processus de décision de Markov paramétriques. Ces modèles sont réputés difficiles à estimer et à appliquer en prédiction, puisque le calcul des probabilités de choix requiert la résolution de problèmes de programmation dynamique. Nous montrons dans cette thèse qu'il est possible d'exploiter la structure du réseau et la flexibilité de la programmation dynamique afin de rendre l'approche de modélisation dynamique en choix discrets non seulement utile pour représenter les choix dépendant du temps, mais également pour modéliser plus facilement des choix statiques au sein d'ensembles de choix de très grande taille. La thèse se compose de sept articles, présentant divers modèles et méthodes d'estimation, leur application ainsi que des expériences numériques sur des modèles de choix discrets de grande taille. Nous regroupons les contributions en trois principales thématiques: modélisation du choix de route, estimation de modèles en valeur extrême multivariée (MEV) de grande taille et algorithmes d'optimisation non-linéaire. Cinq articles sont associés à la modélisation de choix de route. Nous proposons différents modèles de choix discrets dynamiques permettant aux utilités des chemins d'être corrélées, sur base de formulations MEV et logit mixte. Les modèles résultants devenant coûteux à estimer, nous présentons de nouvelles approches permettant de diminuer les efforts de calcul. Nous proposons par exemple une méthode de décomposition qui non seulement ouvre la possibilité d'estimer efficacement des modèles logit mixte, mais également d'accélérer l'estimation de modèles simples comme les modèles logit multinomiaux, ce qui a également des implications en simulation de trafic. De plus, nous comparons les règles de décision basées sur le principe de maximisation d'utilité de celles sur la minimisation du regret pour ce type de modèles. Nous proposons finalement un test statistique sur les erreurs de spécification pour les modèles de choix de route basés sur le logit multinomial. Le second thème porte sur l'estimation de modèles de choix discrets statiques avec de grands ensembles de choix. Nous établissons que certains types de modèles MEV peuvent être reformulés comme des modèles de choix discrets dynamiques, construits sur des réseaux de structure de corrélation. Ces modèles peuvent alors être estimées rapidement en utilisant des techniques de programmation dynamique en combinaison avec un algorithme efficace d'optimisation non-linéaire. La troisième et dernière thématique concerne les algorithmes d'optimisation non-linéaires dans le cadre de l'estimation de modèles complexes de choix discrets par maximum de vraisemblance. Nous examinons et adaptons des méthodes quasi-Newton structurées qui peuvent être facilement intégrées dans des algorithmes d'optimisation usuels (recherche linéaire et région de confiance) afin d'accélérer le processus d'estimation. Les modèles de choix discrets dynamiques et les méthodes d'optimisation proposés peuvent être employés dans diverses applications de choix discrets. Dans le domaine des sciences de données, des modèles qui peuvent traiter de grands ensembles de choix et des ensembles de choix séquentiels sont importants. Nos recherches peuvent dès lors être d'intérêt dans diverses applications d'analyse de la demande (analyse prédictive) ou peuvent être intégrées à des modèles d'optimisation (analyse prescriptive). De plus, nos études mettent en évidence le potentiel des techniques de programmation dynamique dans ce contexte, y compris pour des modèles statiques, ouvrant la voie à de multiples directions de recherche future.
Canard, Jean-François. "IMPACT DE LA GENERATION D'ENERGIE DISPERSEE DANS LES RESEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION". Phd thesis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688663.
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